Integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials

Abstract

An integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials, characterized in that it comprises: a conveyor belt (4) at the exit end of which a first particle detector (41) is arranged for monitoring the material on it; a sieve drum (2) in the interior of which a guide hopper (22) and multi-stage roller pair arrangements are arranged successively from top to bottom, wherein a second particle detector (9) is provided below the last roller pair arrangement; the sieve drum (2) is arranged above the inlet of the conveyor belt (4); wherein uniformly distributed conveying trays (21) are arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the sieve drum (2), and the conveying trays (21) serve to convey the material above the guide hopper (22).

Description

The present utility model relates to the technical field of coal sample testing, more precisely to an integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials. State of the art Coal plays an irreplaceable role in sectors such as thermal power generation, iron and steel production, and the chemical industry. In the trading and utilization of coal, the results of coal quality testing serve as a central basis for invoicing, coal blending strategies, and production control and regulation. During the preparation of coal samples, they undergo several processing steps such as crushing, sieving, mixing, sample division, and drying. In this process, coarse-grained raw coal is gradually processed into analytical samples with a predetermined particle size and mass. In practice, cross-contamination between samples from successive batches leads to deviations in the coal quality parameters of the subsequent sample, meaning that the original properties of the coal sample being tested cannot be accurately represented. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a 100% effective integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials that can effectively prevent cross-contamination between successive coal samples. Content of the utility model Due to the shortcomings of the prior art, the present utility model provides an integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials to solve the aforementioned problems. The present utility model provides the following technical solution: An integrated device for sieving, crushing, and cleaning materials comprises: a conveyor belt, at the exit end of which a first particle detector is arranged for monitoring the material on it; a sieve drum, inside which a guide hopper and multi-stage roller pair arrangements are arranged successively from top to bottom, with a second particle detector provided below the last roller pair arrangement; the sieve drum is arranged above the inlet of the conveyor belt; conveying trays are arranged evenly distributed on the inner circumferential surface of the sieve drum, and the conveying trays serve to convey the material above the guide hopper. Preferably, the device further comprises a filling funnel for feeding material into the interior of the sieve drum, wherein a magnetic component is attached to the upper part of the filling funnel and a vibrator is attached to the lower part. Preferably, cleaning rollers rotating synchronously with the sieve drum are arranged outside of it, wherein elevations are provided on the circumferential surfaces of the cleaning rollers which are adapted to the sieve holes of the sieve drum. Preferably, the multi-stage roller pair arrangements comprise a first roller pair arrangement and a second roller pair arrangement arranged one after the other from top to bottom, wherein the first roller pair arrangement has a smooth roller structure and the second roller pair arrangement has a groove-shaped roller structure. Preferably, the device further comprises comb-shaped scraper plates that fit the outer surface of the second roller pair assembly and bear against it. Preferably, the first particle detector is designed as a proximity switch. The second particle detector is designed as a rotating PVDF pressure cushion film element, wherein the rotating PVDF pressure cushion film element assumes at least two states: in the first position, it is located in the conveying path of the material below the last roller pair assembly; in the second position, it moves away from the conveying path of the material below the last roller pair assembly. Preferably, the guide hopper has a structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, wherein a rotating compressed air shaft is rotatably connected to the upper part of the guide hopper, and pressure nozzles are arranged evenly distributed along the axial direction of the rotating compressed air shaft. Preferably, a positive pressure air inlet opening and a negative pressure air extraction opening are provided on the lower part of the guide funnel on both opposite sides in the direction of the axis of rotation of the sieve drum, wherein a slide for controlling opening and closing is installed in the negative pressure air extraction opening, and the negative pressure air extraction opening extends obliquely upwards from the side wall of the guide funnel. Preferably, the two opposite sides of the guide funnel are designed as guide side plates in the circumferential direction of the sieve drum, wherein the lower ends of the guide side plates are mounted on their respective axes and the two guide side plates perform a knocking motion by pivoting in opposite directions. Preferably, the integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials is mounted on a support device. The present utility model offers the following advantageous technical effects: The present utility model uses the first particle detector to preliminaryly evaluate whether the material has substantially passed through the sieve drum in order to achieve sieving and comminution. After the first particle detector no longer detects any material, the sieve drum continues to run for a defined period. During this process, the second particle detector checks whether any material remains. This dual evaluation prevents material residues. Description of the attached drawings Fig. 1 is a schematic overall view of the present utility model; Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a filling hopper and its associated components of the present utility model; Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a sieve drum and its associated components of the present utility model; Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the interaction of conveying bowls and a guide hopper of the present utility model in a first perspective; Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the interaction of the conveying bowls and the guide hopper of the present utility model in a second perspective; Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the interaction of the conveying bowls and the guide hopper of the present utility model in a third perspective; Fig. 7 is a schematic partial structural view of the present utility model with the sieve drum hidden; Fig.Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of the present utility model with the screen drum hidden; Figure 9 is a schematic view of a second particle detector of the present utility model in the first state; Figure 10 is a schematic view of the second particle detector of the present utility model in the second state; Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of the interaction of a second roller pair arrangement and comb-shaped scraper plates of the present utility model. Reference symbols in the figures: 1-Installation frame; 2-Screen drum; 21-Conveyor tray; 22-Guide hopper; 221-Guide side plate; 3-Filling hopper; 31-Magnetic component; 32-Vibrator; 4-Conveyor belt; 41-First particle detector; 5-Cleaning roller; 61-Vacuum air extraction port; 62-Pressure air inlet port; 63-Rotating compressed air shaft; 7-First roller pair assembly; 8-Second roller pair assembly; 81-Comb-shaped scraper plate; 9-Second particle detector. Examples of implementation The technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model are described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments represent only a part, but not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all further embodiments that the average person skilled in the art in the field achieves without inventive activity fall within the scope of protection of this utility model. Example 1: An integrated device for sieving, crushing, and cleaning materials, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 to 11, comprises an installation frame 1, a sieve drum 2, a feed hopper 3, a conveyor belt 4, a first particle detector 41, cleaning rollers 5, roller pair arrangements, comb-shaped scraper plates 81, and a second particle detector 9. A coal sample is described as an example material for the present embodiment. The sieve drum 2 is driven by a first drive device and rotatably mounted on the installation frame 1. The feed hopper 3 is fixedly attached to the installation frame 1. The inclined lower end of the feed hopper 3 projects into the interior of the sieve drum 2. A magnetic component 31 is arranged on the inclined upper section of the feed hopper 3. The magnetic component 31 is designed to be non-contacting with the feed hopper and can, for example, be an electromagnet or a permanent magnet. A vibrator 32 is attached to the inclined lower surface of the feed hopper 3. The carbon sample enters the interior of the sieve drum 2 through the feed hopper 3. During this process, the magnetic component 31 magnetically detects iron components and similar foreign matter from the carbon sample. The vibrator 32 vibrates the carbon sample to detach carbon powder or granules adhering to the inner wall of the feed hopper 3. An opening on a side surface of the sieve drum 2 does not impair its function and serves to guide the inclined lower end of the filling funnel 3 through. The sieve drum 2 is located directly above the inlet area of ​​the conveyor belt 4. The coal sample inside the sieve drum 2 falls through the sieve holes of the sieve drum 2 onto the surface of the conveyor belt 4 below. The conveyor belt 4 conveys the coal sample to the outside. The first particle detector 41 is located above the outlet area of ​​the conveyor belt 4. The first particle detector 41 can be designed as a proximity switch, photoelectric sensor, or similar device and detects whether a coal sample is being conveyed via the conveyor belt 4. Very fine coal particles may not be detected by this first particle detector 41. Cleaning rollers 5 are rotatably mounted on the installation frame 1. The cleaning rollers 5 are located above the screen drum 2, with their axis running parallel to the axis of the screen drum 2. The cleaning rollers 5 are driven synchronously with the screen drum 2 via a gear drive structure, ensuring that the rotational speed ratio between the cleaning rollers 5 and the screen drum 2 remains constant. The outer surfaces of the cleaning rollers 5 have several protrusions, which can be configured as cleaning needles. The protrusions on the outer surfaces of the cleaning rollers 5 fit precisely into the screen holes of the screen drum 2 and engage with them, so that any carbon particles clogged in the screen holes of the screen drum 2 are pressed inwards into the interior of the screen drum 2. The cleaning needles of the cleaning rollers 5 and the sieve holes of the sieve drum 2 are arranged with identical parameters. Intermeshing gears of the same module ensure synchronous rotation between the sieve drum 2 and the cleaning rollers 5, so that the cleaning needles are always precisely aligned with the sieve holes of the sieve drum 2. A guide funnel 22 is fixedly mounted on the installation frame 1. The guide funnel 22 has an upper and a lower opening and is tapered from top to bottom. The guide funnel 22 is located in the upper cavity of the screen drum 2 and directly below the cleaning rollers 5. Starting from the lower end of the guide funnel 22, at least one roller pair arrangement is arranged successively downwards. The design of the roller pairs can be identical or different. In the present embodiment, two roller pair arrangements are provided: from top to bottom, a first roller pair arrangement 7 and a second roller pair arrangement 8. The first roller pair arrangement 7 has a smooth roller structure, the second roller pair arrangement 8 a grooved roller structure. The first roller pair arrangement 7 and the second roller pair arrangement 8 are driven by associated drive devices (not shown in the drawings). On the mounting frame 1, matching comb-shaped stripper plates 81 are arranged laterally to the second roller pair arrangement 8.The comb-shaped scraper plates 81 are in close contact with the outer surface of a roller of the second roller pair arrangement 8 under the action of an elastic element, whereby the coal samples adhering to the outer surface of the roller of the second roller pair arrangement 8 are scraped off. A second particle detector 9 is mounted on the installation frame 1 below the second roller pair assembly 8 (at the outlet). The second particle detector 9 can be designed as a rotating PVDF pressure cushion film element or as another type of sensor, the rotating PVDF pressure cushion film element assuming two states by rotating. As shown in Fig. 10, this is the first state: the rotating PVDF pressure cushion film element rotates into a position below the second roller pair assembly 8 (at the outlet), so that the coal sample crushed by the second roller pair assembly 8 directly impacts the rotating PVDF pressure cushion film element. As shown in Fig.As shown in Figure 9, this is the second state: the rotating PVDF pressure cushion foil element rotates out of the position below the second roller pair arrangement 8 (at the exit), so that the coal sample crushed by the second roller pair arrangement 8 does not come into contact with the rotating PVDF pressure cushion foil element. As shown in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7 to 8, at least one conveying tray 21 is evenly distributed along the inner surface of the sieve drum 2 and its circumference. The conveying trays 21 rotate with the sieve drum 2 and convey the coal sample upwards until it reaches above the guide hopper 22. There, the coal sample loses its guidance by the conveying trays 21 and falls under gravity into the interior of the guide hopper 22. At the lower ends of the opposite side walls of the guide hopper 22, in the axial direction of the screen drum 2, a negative pressure air extraction opening 61 and a positive pressure air inlet opening 62 are arranged. The positive pressure air inlet opening 62 has a smaller diameter and is connected to an external positive pressure gas source. The negative pressure air extraction opening 61 has a larger diameter and is connected to an external negative pressure gas source. A slide valve is installed in the negative pressure air extraction opening 61, which serves to control the opening and closing of both ends of the negative pressure air extraction opening 61. The negative pressure air extraction opening 61 extends obliquely upwards from the side wall of the guide hopper 22. A rotating compressed air shaft 63 is arranged in the upper cavity of the guide funnel 22. The rotating compressed air shaft 63 is hollow and connected to an external pressurized gas source. The rotating compressed air shaft 63 is driven by an associated drive device. The axis of the rotating compressed air shaft 63 runs parallel to the axis of the screen drum 2. Several pressure nozzles on the rotating compressed air shaft 63 are arranged evenly along its axis. Operating principle: The coal sample is fed into the interior of the sieve drum 2 through the feed hopper 3. During its passage through the feed hopper 3, the vibrator 32 sets the coal sample into vibration to prevent clumping. The loose coal sample facilitates the magnetic component 31's ability to magnetically detect iron components and similar materials from the sample. The coal sample, with a particle diameter smaller than the sieve holes of the sieve drum 2, falls onto the conveyor belt 4. The conveyor belt 4 continuously conveys the coal sample outwards, passing the first particle detector 41. The detection of coal sample on the conveyor belt 4 by the first particle detector 41 indicates that the coal sample inside the sieve drum 2 has not been completely crushed and sieved, and continuous operation is required. The weight of the fed coal sample can also be measured using a carrying device.The conveying trays 21 rotate with the sieve drum 2, transporting the non-sievable coal sample upwards to a high position above the guide hopper 22, whereupon the coal sample falls under gravity into the interior of the guide hopper 22. Guided by the hopper 22, the coal sample falls out of its lower opening, passes successively through the first roller pair 7 and the second roller pair 8, is repeatedly crushed, and then returns to the lower region of the interior of the sieve drum 2. After crushing, the particle diameter decreases, allowing the coal sample to pass through the sieve holes of the sieve drum 2. This process is repeated until the first particle detector 41 no longer detects any coal sample on the conveyor belt 4.During the operation of the second roller pair arrangement 8, the comb-shaped scraper plates 81 scrape off the adhering coal sample and allow it to fall downwards into the lower area of ​​the interior of the sieve drum 2. The rotating compressed air shaft 63 rotates and blows out compressed air. The blown-out compressed air serves to detach the carbon sample adhering to the inner wall of the guide hopper 22. Simultaneously, the positive pressure air inlet 62 blows in air, and the negative pressure air outlet 61 draws out air (the slide valve located therein is open). The interaction of the positive pressure air inlet 62 and the negative pressure air outlet 61 serves to extract light impurities in the carbon sample within the guide hopper 22, such as wood or plastic particles, and the like. This step can be carried out after the first particle detector 41 has no longer detected any carbon sample on the conveyor belt 4, or it can be performed simultaneously. After the first particle detector 41 has detected no more coal sample on the conveyor belt 4, the second particle detector 9 is rotated, as shown in Fig. 10. The screen drum 2 continues to rotate, and the first roller pair 7 and the second roller pair 8 perform comminution for a defined period. If the second particle detector 9 does not detect any fine particles during this process, this means that no remaining coal sample remains in the screen drum 2. Exemplary embodiment 2 comprises the entire content of Exemplary embodiment 1. The difference is as follows: The integrated device for sieving, crushing, and cleaning materials is mounted on a support structure. As soon as the measured value detected by the support structure exceeds a predetermined value, i.e., when a coal sample is introduced, the device begins operating. As soon as the first particle detector 41 no longer detects a coal sample, it is checked whether the measured value of the support structure has returned to the normal predetermined value. If this is the case, and the second particle detector 9 does not detect any fine particles, the device continues its operation for two further cycles and is then shut down. If the second particle detector detects 9 fine particles and the reading of the support device shows no change even after two further cycles, the residues inside the device are non-carbon particles that cannot be pulverized. In this case, a cleaning process is started immediately, whereby the residues are extracted by the combined action of the positive pressure air inlet 62 and the negative pressure air outlet 61. As soon as the first particle detector 41 detects material or the reading of the support device has not returned to the normal, predefined value, the device continues its operation continuously. Exemplary embodiment 3 comprises the entire content of exemplary embodiment 1 or 2. The difference is as follows: The two opposite sides of the guide funnel 22 in the circumferential direction of rotation of the sieve drum 2 are designed as guide side plates 221; these are the two further adjacent sides on which no positive pressure air inlet opening 62 and no negative pressure air extraction opening 61 are formed. The lower pivot points of the guide side plates 221, which run parallel to the axis of the sieve drum 2, are driven by associated drive devices, so that the two guide side plates 221 rotate in opposite directions. In its normal state, the guide plates 221 are arranged at an inclination. The two guide plates 221 form a V-shaped structure that serves to collect the coal sample falling from the conveying trays 21. The two other side walls of the guide hopper 22, on which the positive pressure air inlet 62 and the negative pressure air outlet 61 are located, are arranged relatively vertically. The guide plates 221 rotate in opposite directions and collide with each other, creating a knocking effect. This allows any coal sample adhering to the guide plates 221 to be shaken off. The aforementioned examples merely represent specific embodiments of the present utility model. Although the description is concrete and detailed, it must not be interpreted as limiting the scope of protection of the present utility model. It should be noted that the average person skilled in the art, provided that the underlying concept of the present utility model is not deviated from, can make numerous modifications and improvements, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Claims

An integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials, characterized in that it comprises: a conveyor belt (4) at the end of which a first particle detector (41) is arranged for monitoring the material on it; a sieve drum (2) in the interior of which a guide hopper (22) and multi-stage roller pair arrangements are arranged successively from top to bottom, wherein a second particle detector (9) is provided below the last roller pair arrangement; the sieve drum (2) is arranged above the inlet of the conveyor belt (4); wherein conveying trays (21) are arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the sieve drum (2), and the conveying trays (21) serve to convey the material above the guide hopper (22). The integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a filling hopper (3) for feeding material into the interior of the sieve drum (2), wherein a magnetic component (31) is attached to the upper part of the filling hopper (3) and a vibrator (32) is attached to the lower part. The integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials according to claim 1, characterized in that cleaning rollers (5) rotating synchronously with the sieve drum (2) are arranged outside the sieve drum (2), wherein projections are provided on the circumferential surfaces of the cleaning rollers (5) which are adapted to the sieve holes of the sieve drum (2). The integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the multi-stage roller pair arrangements comprise a first roller pair arrangement (7) and a second roller pair arrangement (8) which are arranged one after the other from top to bottom, wherein the first roller pair arrangement (7) has a smooth roller structure, the second roller pair arrangement (8) has a groove-shaped roller structure. The integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises comb-shaped scraper plates (81) that fit and bear against the outer surface of the second roller pair arrangement (8). The integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the first particle detector (41) is designed as a proximity switch; the second particle detector (9) is designed as a rotating PVDF pressure cushion film element, wherein the rotating PVDF pressure cushion film element assumes at least two states: in the first position it is located in the conveying path of the material below the last roller pair arrangement, in the second position it moves away from the conveying path of the material below the last roller pair arrangement. The integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide funnel (22) has a structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, wherein a rotating compressed air shaft (63) is rotatably connected to the upper part of the guide funnel (22), and pressure nozzles are arranged uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the rotating compressed air shaft (63). The integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials according to claim 7, characterized in that on the lower part of the guide hopper (22) on both opposite sides in the direction of the axis of rotation of the sieve drum (2) an overpressure air inlet opening (62) and a negative pressure air extraction opening (61) are provided, wherein a slide for controlling opening and closing is installed in the negative pressure air extraction opening (61), and the negative pressure air extraction opening (61) extends obliquely upwards from the side wall of the guide hopper (22). The integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials according to claim 8, characterized in that the two opposite sides of the guide hopper (22) are designed as guide side plates (221) in the circumferential direction of the sieve drum (2), wherein the lower ends of the guide side plates (221) are pivotably mounted on their respective axes and the two guide side plates (221) perform a knocking motion by pivoting in opposite directions. The integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the integrated device for sieving, crushing and cleaning materials is mounted on a support device.

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