GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR FOR A CHROMATOGRAM

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a chromatography system comprising at least one gas-liquid separator and a method for separating gas-liquid mixtures.

[0002] Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) offers numerous advantages, enabling the simple and reliable separation, chemical analysis, identification, and quantification of various substances. When using carbon dioxide (CO₂) as the liquid in SFC applications, substance extraction is generally performed above a critical temperature of 31°C and a critical pressure of 74 bar.

[0003] To keep CO₂ or a CO₂ mixture in a liquid state within a chromatography column, the entire chromatography system must be maintained at a predetermined pressure level. For this purpose, a backpressure regulator is typically provided downstream of the chromatography column and downstream of each detector to maintain the pressure within the chromatography system at a predetermined level.

[0004] In practical applications, SFC technology has the disadvantage that the mobile phase of the chromatographically separated substances cannot simply be collected in open vessels. As soon as a mixture of liquid CO₂ and an additional solvent is exposed to atmospheric pressure, the CO₂ expands and forms an aerosol with the solvent. Loss-free collection of the solvent requires sufficient gas-liquid separation of the aerosol. Gas-liquid mixtures can generally be separated into a gaseous and a liquid component using inertial separators that operate on the cyclone principle. In these separators, an aerosol is introduced tangentially into a conical vessel. The aerosol spreads out in a circular path, causing its liquid particles to drift radially outward until they strike the side wall of the vessel.Due to their reduced specific mass, gaseous components experience a lower inertial force and can leave the cone-shaped vessel via a central immersion tube.

[0005] In a single-fuel cell (SFC), however, the composition of the aerosol can vary considerably, as a solvent gradient is often used to separate substances. For example, the mixture of CO₂ and an additional solvent, such as methanol, can vary from 10% to 60% methanol fraction. Consequently, the aerosol's composition and volumetric flow rate can vary accordingly, leading to suboptimal separation rates of the gaseous and liquid fractions of the aerosol in a cyclone separator.

[0006] Other gas-liquid separation systems, for example, use impact separation, where the aerosol flow is directed onto a deflection plate, which can optionally be provided by a test tube. In general, impact and inertial separators require a relatively large volume for the aerosol to expand. Such relatively large vessels are not optimal with regard to self-cleaning effects, as cross-contamination can occur between aerosols and substances processed sequentially by such separators. In particular, the transit time differences between the substances must be very large to ensure adequate separation. Generally, the size and surface area of ​​impact separators can be minimized when operating at elevated pressure levels.

[0007] For example, a test tube serving as a deflector plate can be placed in a pressurized environment. The aerosol can then escape from a curved outlet and strike the side wall of the test tube at a predetermined angle. With such a shock separator, it is indeed possible to collect smaller quantities of a substance with much less effort. However, shock separators operating at elevated pressure levels do not allow for large-scale, automated fractionation.

[0008] Therefore, operating and installation costs are comparatively high, as only a limited number of test tubes can be processed automatically under pressure. Furthermore, the separation rate is not as good as with separators operating at atmospheric pressure.

[0009] Chromatography systems or gas-liquid separators are described, among others, in WO 2014 / 012962 A1, WO 2012 / 040252 A2 or EP 2463004 A1.

[0010] In In view of the prior art, the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a gas-liquid separator for a chromatography system that solves the problems outlined above. The gas-liquid separator should be as simple and cost-effective to manufacture as possible. Furthermore, the volume of the gas-liquid separator should be as small as possible relative to the flow rate at which the chromatography system is operated.

[0011] Furthermore, the provision of a gas-liquid separator that achieves excellent separation of the liquid from the mixture even with highly diverse and varying aerosol compositions was an object of the present invention. The gas-liquid separator should also be easy to clean and require little maintenance.

[0012] Furthermore, it was therefore an object of the present invention to provide a gas-liquid separator with a particularly high separation efficiency. In particular, the gas should be removed from the liquid as completely as possible. Almost more importantly, however, the smallest possible proportion of liquid should remain in the gas stream discharged from the gas-liquid separator, in order to ensure the highest possible yield of the purified substances. This high separation efficiency should be achievable for a wide variety of gas-liquid mixtures.

[0013] Another task is the provision of a gas-liquid separator in which the substances separated by the chromatography column and introduced into the separator are not contaminated. For this purpose, the separator should be purged with the smallest possible volume of aerosol. Furthermore, no encrustations or deposits should form in the separator that could contaminate a subsequent fraction. In particular, the substances to be separated should have the smallest possible migration time difference without compromising their separation in the separator. Furthermore, for a given migration time difference, the separator should achieve the highest possible separation of the batches.

[0014] Another task is to provide a gas-liquid separator that enables the simplest possible conversion of a known HPLC plant to an SFC plant.

[0015] These and other tasks not explicitly mentioned, which can nevertheless be readily derived or deduced from the contexts discussed in the introduction herein, are solved by a chromatography system comprising at least one gas-liquid separator with all the features of claim 1.

[0016] The present invention relates accordingly to a chromatography system comprising at least one gas-liquid separator, comprising: a) a separation area with an inlet nozzle, an impact unit and a gas guide unit; b) a separation area with a liquid outlet and c) a gas discharge area with a gas outlet; wherein the separation area is connected to the separation area via a separation opening and the distance of the inlet nozzle from the impact unit is greater than the smallest longitudinal extent of the separation opening and the inlet nozzle is designed such that a gas liquid flow guided through the inlet nozzle can be directed against the impact unit, wherein the chromatography system has a back pressure regulator which is provided downstream of the gas outlet.

[0017] The present invention particularly improves the separation efficiency of the gas-liquid separator, achieving especially a very high separation of the liquid from the aerosol. Furthermore, contamination of the substances separated in the chromatography column and introduced into the gas-liquid separator can be reliably avoided. In particular, compared to other gas-liquid separators, this invention offers the advantage that, for a given run-time difference, a very high separation of the batches can be achieved by the gas-liquid separator. Moreover, even with a relatively small run-time difference of the substances to be separated, very good separation can be achieved in the gas-liquid separator.

[0018] Furthermore, the gas-liquid separator can be manufactured very cost-effectively and easily. In addition, the gas-liquid separator requires little maintenance and can be easily cleaned.

[0019] Furthermore, very good gas-liquid separation can be achieved even with different gas-liquid compositions. In addition, a gas-liquid separator can be used with very different aerosol flow rates without significantly impairing the aerosol separation.

[0020] Furthermore, automated fractionation is possible, which can be scaled according to needs without requiring large investments. Additionally, the gas-liquid separator reduces the complexity and cost of the technical equipment required for setting up SFC analysis.

[0021] The present invention is based on the finding that an unexpected improvement in impact separation can be achieved through the arrangement and design of a separation opening. In particular, this allows the gas volume supplied during impact separation to be reduced, thus decreasing the overall volume of the gas-liquid separator. This, in turn, improves the separation efficiency described above.

[0022] The gas-liquid separator that can be used according to the invention comprises a separation area with an inlet nozzle, an impact unit and a gas guidance unit.

[0023] The separation area is designed to achieve impact separation. Impact separation means that the liquid droplets contained in the aerosol are directed against an impact unit, causing them to form a liquid film. The aerosol can be directed in a straight jet from the inlet nozzle onto an impact unit. Alternatively, two or more impact units can be provided in the separation area, enabling at least partial gas-liquid separation of the aerosol. The aerosol can also be introduced into the separation area via two or more inlet nozzles, which can deflect the respective aerosol streams.

[0024] Any body against which the aerosol stream can be directed can serve as an impactor. For example, the aerosol stream can be directed against an upper area of ​​the separation zone, such as the top of the separation zone. A projection, such as a spike or similar feature, can be provided against which the aerosol stream is directed, so that the liquid droplets directed onto the impactor are not reflected or rebound from the impactor, but instead form a film. Depending on the method of introducing the aerosol stream(s) into the separation zone, as described above, the impactor can occupy a more or less large area within the separation zone. With a very strong deflection caused by introducing two or more aerosol streams into the separation zone, the entire inner surface of the separation zone in its upper region can be considered the impactor.

[0025] The present gas-liquid separator utilizes gravity during operation to separate the gas and liquid. Accordingly, the term "above" refers to the orientation of the gas-liquid separator during operation, allowing gas to flow upwards, while "below" describes the opposite direction, through which a liquid exits the separator.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the impact unit can be essentially flat and considered an impact plate, with this impact plate preferably forming a wall of the separation area and a side wall of the gas guide unit. The term "essentially flat" means that the impact unit or impact plate is not curved, but may have a surface structure. In a specific embodiment, the impact plate is preferably designed without a surface structure, so that this surface is smooth.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the impact unit preferably comprises a surface structure, this embodiment being preferred over one with a smooth surface. Here, the surface structure preferably has protrusions and depressions, the protrusions preferably having a height in the range of 0.2 to 10 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.8 to 8 mm, and especially preferably in the range of 1.5 to 5 mm, relative to the depressions.

[0028] Furthermore, it can be provided that the ratio of the height of the elevations (in relation to the depressions) to the volume of the gas-liquid separator is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10 mm / ml, particularly preferably in the range of 0.03 to 5 mm / ml.

[0029] In a further embodiment, the surface structure of the impact unit has grooves, wherein the elevations and depressions of the grooves are preferably aligned in the direction formed by the inlet nozzle and the separation opening, or run parallel to this direction.

[0030] A structured surface on the impact unit, preferably in the form of a grooved structure, allows the volume of the gas-liquid separator to be kept particularly small, thus improving separation efficiency. This allows the substances to be separated to have relatively small differences in transit time without compromising their separation within the gas-liquid separator. Furthermore, the separation efficiency of the liquid from the aerosol can be improved relative to the volume of the gas-liquid separator.

[0031] In a further preferred embodiment, the impact unit may have a curvature or bend, the radius of curvature preferably being small. Here, the impact unit is preferably designed as part of an upper closure or as part of a gas acceleration unit, as will be described in more detail later.

[0032] In a further development of the present invention, the impact unit preferably has a surface area with a surface energy of at least 10 mN / m, particularly preferably at least 15 mN / m, and especially preferably at least 20 mN / m. It is preferable that the impact unit preferably has a surface area with a surface energy in the range of 15 to 120 mN / m, particularly preferably in the range of 20 to 80 mN / m, and especially preferably in the range of 22 to 60 mN / m, wherein preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably at least 90%, of the surface of the impact unit has a surface energy in the range of 20 to 80 mN / m, especially preferably in the range of 22 to 60 mN / m. This surface energy can be achieved by selecting a suitable material from which the impact unit is manufactured.

[0033] Furthermore, the impact unit can have a surface area with a coating to adjust the aforementioned surface energy, wherein preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% of the surface of the impact unit has a coating.

[0034] The surface energy is determined according to the Ownes-Wendt-Rabel & Kaelble method. For this purpose, measurement series are carried out using the standard Busscher series, employing water [SFT 72.1 mN / m], formamide [SFT 56.9 mN / m], diiodomethane [SFT 50.0 mN / m], and alpha-bromonaphthalene [SFT 44.4 mN / m] as test liquids. The measurement is performed at 20°C. The surface energy can be determined using a G40 contact angle measuring system from Krüss, Hamburg, as described in the user manual for the G40 contact angle measuring system, 1993. Regarding the calculation methods, see A.W. Neumann, "Über die Messmethodik zurbestimmung grenzflächenenergetischer Größen," Part I, Zeitschrift für Physik. Chem., Vol. 41, pp. 339-352 (1964), and AW Neumann, Über die Messmethodik zurbestimmung grenzflächenenergetischer Größen, Teil II, Zeitschrift für Phys. Chem., Vol. 43, pp. 71-83 (1964).

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the gas stream can be directed to a second impact unit after striking the first. This design can surprisingly improve the separation efficiency, particularly the separation of the liquid from the aerosol. Preferably, the aerosol can first be directed to a first impact unit, which is formed, for example, by a wall of the separation area. Subsequently, the gas stream can be directed to a second impact unit, which is preferably located in the upper region of the separation area, and particularly preferably at the upper end of the separation area.

[0036] Furthermore, it may be provided that two impact units are included in the separation area, with the first impact unit arranged below the second impact unit. In this case, the aerosol stream is first directed onto the first impact unit, which is located below the second impact unit, and then onto the second impact unit.

[0037] In addition to an impact unit, an inlet nozzle is provided in the separation area of ​​the gas-liquid separator. The aerosol is directed through the inlet nozzle into the gas-liquid separator, specifically into the separation area of ​​the gas-liquid separator.

[0038] The inlet nozzle is designed in such a way that a gas-liquid flow guided through the inlet nozzle can be directed against the impact unit, as has already been explained previously with regard to the impact unit.

[0039] The shape and type of the inlet nozzle are not critical, so it can be selected by a person skilled in the art within the scope of their expertise. For example, the inlet nozzle can be designed to direct the aerosol onto the impact unit in the form of a very narrow jet. Alternatively, the inlet nozzle can also be designed to direct a conical spray onto the impact unit.

[0040] The nozzle can be flush with the wall of the separation area or project into it via a projection. The embodiment with a projection is advantageous if the impact unit is located at the upper end of the separation area.

[0041] The inlet nozzle is preferably designed in the form of a simple bore or a simple opening. In a further development, the inlet nozzle provided in the separation area may have an entry surface that is essentially circular.

[0042] Furthermore, it can be provided that the inlet nozzle provided in the separation area has an entry area in the range of 0.05 mm 2< to 20 mm 2< , preferably in the range of 0.5 mm 2< to 15 mm 2< , particularly preferably in the range of 0.5 mm 2< to 10 mm 2< and especially preferably in the range of 0.8 mm 2< to 5 mm 2< . InIn a further embodiment, the inlet nozzle provided in the separation area may have an inlet area in the range of 2 mm² to 40 mm², preferably in the range of 4 mm² to 20 mm², and particularly preferably in the range of 5 mm² to 15 mm². This value refers to the size of a single inlet nozzle if several inlet nozzles are used.

[0043] If the inlet nozzle is designed in the form of a bore, it preferably has a diameter in the range of 0.3 mm to 5 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm to 4 mm, more preferably 0.8 mm to 3 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 2 mm and / or more preferably 2 to 3 mm. This value refers to the size of a single inlet nozzle if several inlet nozzles are used.

[0044] Furthermore, it can be provided that the ratio of the inlet area of ​​the inlet nozzle provided in the separation area to the volume of the gas-liquid separator is in the range of 0.01 mm² / ml to 1 mm² / ml, preferably in the range of 0.04 mm² / ml to 0.4 mm² / ml, particularly preferably in the range of 0.08 mm² / ml to 0.25 mm² / ml, and especially preferably in the range of 0.08 mm² / ml to 0.17 mm² / ml. This value refers to the sum of the areas of all inlet nozzles used, if several inlet nozzles are used.

[0045] Furthermore, it can be provided that the ratio of the inlet area of ​​the inlet nozzle provided in the separation area to the volume of the separation area is in the range of 1:3 mm² / ml to 1:50 mm² / ml, preferably in the range of 1:5 mm² / ml to 1:20 mm² / ml, and particularly preferably in the range of 1:7 mm² / ml to 1:15 mm² / ml. In a further embodiment, it can be provided that the ratio of the inlet area of ​​the inlet nozzle provided in the separation area to the volume of the separation area is in the range of 4:1 mm² / ml to 1:50 mm² / ml, preferably in the range of 1:1 mm² / ml to 1:20 mm² / ml, and particularly preferably in the range of 2:3 mm² / ml to 1:5 mm² / ml. This value refers to the sum of the areas of all inlet nozzles used, if multiple inlet nozzles are used.

[0046] One or more inlet nozzles can be provided in the separation area. If multiple inlet nozzles are provided, they are preferably aligned in parallel. Preferably, the gas-aerosol mixture is directed into the separation area via exactly one inlet nozzle, preferably onto the impact unit located in the separation area.

[0047] InIn a further preferred embodiment, the separation area comprises two or more inlet nozzles, these inlet nozzles preferably being arranged such that the flow of the gas-aerosol mixture is directed against different parts of an impact unit or against different impact units. Preferably, the two or more inlet nozzles are configured such that the gas-liquid flows directed through the two or more inlet nozzles are oriented towards each other, so that they would at least partially meet without the impact unit. Accordingly, in this preferred embodiment with two or more inlet nozzles, the impact unit(s) is preferably arranged between the two or more inlet nozzles.

[0048] In a further preferred embodiment, the separation area comprises two or more inlet nozzles, these inlet nozzles preferably being arranged such that the flow velocity of the gas-aerosol mixture is reduced in the upper region of the separation area. Accordingly, it is preferably provided that the gas-liquid flows guided through two or more inlet nozzles are directed towards each other. In this preferred embodiment, for example, parts of the side walls of the separation area preferably form the respective impact units. This design can surprisingly improve the separation efficiency, in particular the separation of the liquid from the aerosol. Here, the two or more inlet nozzles can be arranged such that maximum attenuation of the respective gas flows is achieved.Furthermore, it can be provided that the two or more inlet nozzles are directed towards each other, but the respective gas / liquid flows are slightly offset from one another, so that the respective gas flows are attenuated, but this attenuation is not maximal. The attenuation of the respective gas flows is measured according to the original velocity vector of the respective gas flow, which encompasses the original direction of the gas flow.

[0049] Furthermore, the inlet nozzle can be designed such that a gas-liquid stream passed through the inlet can be directed against the impact unit, and the angle at which a gas-liquid stream passed through the inlet nozzle can be directed against the impact unit is preferably in the range of 50 to 130°, particularly preferably in the range of 70 to 110°. This angle can be determined, in particular, by the direction of the inlet nozzle towards the impact unit. These specifications refer to the angle at which the main jet of the aerosol is directed towards the impact unit. The shape of the aerosol jet is irrelevant in itself, as long as impact separation can be achieved. In this process, the liquid droplets of the aerosol should coalesce upon impact with the impact unit and preferably form a film.Therefore, the inlet nozzle should be chosen so that the liquid droplets of the aerosol do not become too small.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, two impact units are provided in the separation area, with the inlet nozzle initially directing the gas flow to the first impact unit, as previously described. Any known device can be used to transfer the gas flow to the second impact unit. For example, deflection at the first impact unit can be achieved by a corresponding angle and / or shape of the first impact unit. In a preferred embodiment, a diverting unit may be provided through which the aerosol flow is directed to the second impact unit. The diverting unit preferably has at least three boundary surfaces, so that the gas flow is directed from the inlet of the inlet nozzle via an outlet opening to the second impact unit.Accordingly, the diverting unit preferably comprises a recess whose base can be U- or V-shaped and has two opposing side surfaces and an end surface, which preferably serves as the first impact unit, such that a space is defined between the inlet of the inlet nozzle and the first impact unit. Preferably, the inlet nozzle directs the aerosol or gas flow parallel to the base of the recess, so that it strikes the end surface designed as the first impact unit. The aerosol flow is then directed through the outlet opening of the recess or the diverting unit onto the second impact unit. In a preferred embodiment, the gas flow is directed upwards during the diversion, preferably at an angle that is preferably in the range of 50 to 130°, and particularly preferably in the range of 70 to 110°, relative to the direction of the aerosol flow that is directed from the inlet nozzle onto the first impact unit.In this embodiment, the flow velocity of the aerosol stream is preferably slowed down, wherein the gas stream thrown back by the first impact unit, preferably the front surface of the deflection unit, preferably the recess, is initially directed against the aerosol stream that is introduced from the inlet nozzle into the deflection unit, preferably the recess.

[0051] Furthermore, it can be provided that the discharge opening of the diverting unit or the recess preferably provided in the separation area has an outlet area in the range of 0.1 mm 2< to 60 mm 2< , preferably in the range of 1.5 mm 2< to 40 mm 2< and especially preferably in the range of 3 mm 2< to 20 mm 2< .

[0052] Preferably, the outlet area of ​​the discharge opening of the bypass unit or the recess is at least as large as the inlet area of ​​the inlet nozzle. Preferably, the area ratio of the discharge opening of the bypass unit or the recess, preferably provided in the separation area, to the inlet area of ​​the inlet nozzle provided in the separation area is in the range of 20:1 to 1:1, more preferably in the range of 15:1 to 3:2, and particularly preferably in the range of 5:1 to 2:1.

[0053] Furthermore, the diverting unit or recess preferably provided in the separation area may have a width in the range of 0.3 mm to 8 mm, preferably 0.8 mm to 5 mm, and particularly preferably 1.5 mm to 4 mm. The width of the diverting unit or recess denotes the maximum distance between the at least two opposing side surfaces.

[0054] Furthermore, the diverting unit or recess preferably provided in the separation area may have a length in the range of 1 mm to 60 mm, preferably 5 mm to 40 mm, and particularly preferably 10 mm to 30 mm. The length of the diverting unit or recess denotes the distance between the surface designed as an impact unit and the inlet nozzle.

[0055] Furthermore, the diverting unit or recess preferably provided in the separation area may have a height in the range of 0.5 mm to 40 mm, preferably 1.5 mm to 30 mm, and particularly preferably 5 mm to 20 mm. The height of the diverting unit or recess refers to the distance between the base and the discharge opening of the diverting unit or recess.

[0056] The gas-liquid separator has a separation opening located between the separation zone and the separation zone, creating a gas- and liquid-open connection between these zones. Inertial separation is preferably achieved through this separation opening. This means that the liquid, which flows downwards as a liquid film along the impact unit and / or the gas guide unit, is separated from the gas by inertia. The gas preferably accelerates the liquid, causing it to enter the separation zone at a higher velocity than it would without this gas acceleration. The liquid film preferably remains on a wall of the separation zone, which is preferably formed as part of the impact unit and / or the gas guide unit, and passes directly into the separation zone without leaving this wall.Unlike the liquid phase, the gas phase does not adhere to a wall but is able to escape upwards and pass into the gas discharge area. In contrast, the liquid is discharged into the separation zone and removed from the gas-liquid separator via the liquid outlet located there.

[0057] The shape of the separating opening is not critical as long as it fulfills the function described above. Preferably, however, the separating opening may have an outlet surface that is slit-shaped or several parallel openings, which may be, for example, U-shaped, V-shaped, or circular.

[0058] According to the invention, the distance between the inlet nozzle and the impact unit is greater than the smallest longitudinal dimension of the separation opening. The distance between the inlet nozzle and the impact unit is determined by the path of the aerosol from exiting the inlet nozzle to impacting the impact unit. The smallest longitudinal dimension of the separation opening refers to its width or length, with the extent of the plane extending to the edge of the separation opening being the plane between the separation area and the separation zone, resulting in a minimum area of ​​the separation opening. Within this plane, in which the separation opening lies, the length of the longest dimension of the separation opening is determined, allowing the shortest length of the separation opening, perpendicular to this longest dimension, to be measured. This smallest longitudinal dimension can also be considered the width of the separation opening.

[0059] If the separation opening is slit-shaped, it preferably has a slit width in the range of 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm, and especially preferably 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm (minimum longitudinal extent). The length of the slit, in the case of a circular or elliptical separation opening, is determined by the circumference, with these values ​​preferably being in the range of 5 mm to 120 mm, and particularly preferably in the range of 10 mm to 60 mm.

[0060] If the separation opening is slit-shaped, in a further embodiment it preferably has a slit width in the range of 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.3 mm to 2.0 mm, and especially preferably 0.4 mm to 1.5 mm (minimum longitudinal extent). The length of the slit, in the case of a circular or elliptical separation opening, is determined by the circumference, with these values ​​preferably being in the range of 5 mm to 150 mm, and particularly preferably in the range of 10 mm to 80 mm.

[0061] In the case of a non-circular or non-elliptical separation opening with a slit shape, preferably characterized by two ends, its length is preferably in the range of 3 to 80 mm, more preferably in the range of 5 to 50 mm, and particularly preferably in the range of 15 to 30 mm.

[0062] If the separation opening is realized by several parallel openings, which may be, for example, U-shaped, V-shaped or circular, the dimensions set out above apply accordingly, wherein the openings preferably have a width in the range of 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm and especially preferably 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm (smallest longitudinal extent). In In another embodiment, the openings can preferably have a width in the range of 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.3 mm to 2.0 mm and especially preferably 0.4 mm to 1.5 mm (smallest longitudinal extent).

[0063] The gap width is measured perpendicular to the length or circumference of the gap and is the smaller longitudinal dimension of the gap opening, which can be considered the transition plane from the separation zone to the deposition zone. This transition plane has the smallest two-dimensional dimension in the area of ​​transition from the separation zone to the deposition zone.

[0064] Preferably, the separating opening has an outlet area in the range of 10 to 120 mm², particularly preferably in the range of 15 to 60 mm², and especially preferably in the range of 15 to 40 mm². In a further embodiment, the separating opening can have an outlet area in the range of 10 to 180 mm², particularly preferably in the range of 15 to 120 mm², and especially preferably in the range of 30 to 100 mm². Furthermore, it can be provided that the ratio of the outlet area of ​​the separating opening to the volume of the gas-liquid separator is in the range of 0.05 mm² / ml to 2 mm² / ml, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 mm² / ml to 1 mm² / ml, and especially preferably in the range of 0.3 mm² / ml to 0.8 mm² / ml.In a further embodiment, it can be provided that the ratio of the outlet area of ​​the separation opening to the volume of the gas-liquid separator is in the range of 0.05 mm² / ml to 6 mm² / ml, particularly preferably in the range of 0.3 mm² / ml to 3 mm² / ml and especially preferably in the range of 0.5 mm² / ml to 2.0 mm² / ml.

[0065] The spatial shape of the separation area is not critical and can be adapted to specific requirements. The essential element is the formation of a gas guidance unit within the separation area. This gas guidance unit alters the gas flow velocity, resulting in a lower gas velocity at the inlet nozzle compared to the separation opening. Since the volumetric flow rate can be considered constant for a given aerosol composition, this means that the aerosol is initially directed into a relatively large space, which is then narrowed, thus increasing the flow velocity.

[0066] Accordingly, the cross-sectional area of ​​the separation area can, for example, be circular, and is preferably narrowed in a wedge shape from the inlet nozzle towards the separation opening.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the separation area does not have a circular cross-sectional area in the region of the inlet nozzle. The separation area preferably comprises at least three side walls which, together with an upper closure, define a space that is connected to the separation area via the separation opening. This embodiment, in which the separation area does not have a circular cross-sectional area but rather a cross-sectional area with corners, in particular a triangular, square, pentagonal, or hexagonal cross-sectional area, and most preferably a rectangular one, is easier to manufacture with the required precision, and the volume of the gas-liquid separator can be better adapted to the requirements. In particular, gas-liquid separators suitable for particularly small volume flows can also be provided.In contrast to gas-liquid separators with a circular cross-sectional area, gas-liquid separators with a non-circular, preferably a cross-sectional area with corners, can have exactly one inlet nozzle without areas of insufficient wetting with gas-liquid mixture occurring.

[0068] Preferably, the gas guidance unit can be provided with at least two substantially flat side walls, which can be considered gas guide plates, these gas guide plates preferably forming walls of the separation area. These two substantially flat side walls can converge to form a wedge shape.

[0069] Furthermore, it can be provided that the gas guidance unit has at least two side walls, wherein at least one of the side walls is curved, so that a concave shape is provided such that the two side walls can converge towards each other, wherein in the upper area of ​​the separation area, which is given by the proximity of the inlet nozzle, the distance between the side walls is greater than in the lower area of ​​the separation area, which is given by the proximity of the separation opening, wherein the decrease in distance from the direction of the upper area to the lower area decreases.

[0070] Preferably, the gas guidance unit may include a gas acceleration unit which, together with at least one side wall, preferably at least two side walls, causes a change in the flow velocity of a gas.

[0071] In a further embodiment, it can be provided that the cross-sectional area of ​​the gas guidance unit decreases from the inlet nozzle towards the separation opening, at least in certain areas, preferably in the area facing the separation opening, so that the planes that are perpendicular to the flow direction of the gas-liquid mixture become smaller, this decrease preferably being continuous, so that preferably at least two of the side walls of the gas guidance unit form a wedge shape in longitudinal section.

[0072] InIn a further embodiment, the separation area may include an upper termination, wherein this upper termination comprises a curvature or an angle, the highest point of the curvature or the angle being preferably arranged centrally and thus lying on a line with the inlet nozzle, which is considered parallel to the direction of gas flow or the direction of liquid flow, i.e., parallel to the direction of the gas inlet / liquid outlet opening, wherein the upper termination preferably transitions into two side walls, so that the transition between the side walls and the upper termination is curved.

[0073] InIn a preferred embodiment, two impact units are provided in the separation area, with the inlet nozzle initially directing the gas flow onto the first impact unit, as previously described. In a preferred embodiment, the second impact unit may be located in the area of ​​the upper closure. Accordingly, the aerosol is preferably directed from the first impact unit to the second impact unit located in the upper closure by a diverting unit.

[0074] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the separation area may comprise at least four side walls which, together with an upper closure, define a space forming the gas guidance unit, wherein one of the side walls is designed as an impact unit, and this space is connected to the separation area via the separation opening. In this embodiment, in which the separation area comprises at least four side walls which, together with an upper closure, define a space, it may preferably be provided that the distance between two opposing side walls is greater than half the distance of the inlet nozzle from the impact unit.Preferably, in this embodiment, where the separation area comprises at least four side walls which, together with an upper closure, define a space, the ratio of the distance between two opposing side walls to the distance of the inlet nozzle from the impact unit is in the range of 0.8 to 8, particularly preferably in the range of 0.9 to 6, especially preferably in the range of 1.0 to 4, and most preferably in the range of 1.2 to 2. These values ​​refer in particular to the two opposing side walls that have the greatest distance between them.

[0075] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the separation area may comprise at least two, preferably at least three, side walls which, together with an upper closure and a gas acceleration unit, define a space forming the gas guidance unit, wherein one of the side walls, the gas acceleration unit, or the upper closure is configured as an impact unit, and this space is connected to the separation area via the separation opening. In this embodiment, in which the separation area comprises at least two side walls and a gas acceleration unit which, together with an upper closure, define a space, it may preferably be provided that the distance between two opposing side walls is greater than half the distance of the inlet nozzle from the impact unit.Preferably, in this embodiment, in which the separation area comprises at least two side walls and a gas acceleration unit, which together with an upper closure define a space, the ratio of the distance between two opposing side walls to the distance of the inlet nozzle from the impact unit is in the range of 0.8 to 8, particularly preferably in the range of 0.9 to 6, especially preferably in the range of 1.0 to 4, and most preferably in the range of 1.2 to 2. These values ​​refer in particular to the two opposing side walls that have the greatest distance between them.

[0076] Furthermore, it can be provided that the inlet nozzle is located in the upper area of ​​the separation area, particularly preferably in the upper third of the separation area, wherein this direction results from the arrangement of the inlet and the liquid outlet, so that the inlet nozzle is located above the liquid outlet.

[0077] In addition to the separation area described above, a gas-liquid separator usable according to the invention has a separation area. As already indicated, the phases are separated in the separation area, which has a liquid outlet through which the liquid phase can be removed from the gas-liquid separator. The gas phase is directed into the gas discharge area. Accordingly, the separation area is connected to the gas discharge area via an opening and is in fluid contact with it.

[0078] Preferably, the separation area with a liquid outlet may include a bottom which preferably has a curvature, an arc, an angle or another shape that leads to a taper, wherein the liquid outlet is provided in the area of ​​the lowest point of the bottom.

[0079] Furthermore, it can be provided that the liquid outlet is located in the lower part of the separation area, particularly preferably in the lower third of the separation area, wherein this direction results from the arrangement of the inlet nozzle and the liquid outlet, such that the inlet nozzle is located above the liquid outlet.

[0080] In a further embodiment, the inner surface of the separation zone may have a surface area with a surface energy in the range of 15 to 120 mN / m, particularly preferably in the range of 20 to 80 mN / m, and especially preferably in the range of 22 to 60 mN / m, wherein preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably at least 90%, of the surface of the separation zone has a surface energy in the range of 20 to 80 mN / m, especially preferably in the range of 22 to 60 mN / m. Preferably, the difference between the surface energy of the inner surface of the separation zone and the surface energy of the inner surface of the deposition zone can be at least 10 mN / m, preferably at least 30 mN / m, wherein these values ​​refer to the respective maximum or minimum values, so that the difference is maximized.

[0081] Furthermore, it can be provided that the separation area has a cross-sectional area in the region of the inlet nozzle which is at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, of the maximum cross-sectional area of ​​the separation area, wherein the cross-sectional areas are related to the planes that are perpendicular to the impact unit and perpendicular towards the main point of impact of the gas-liquid mixture opening.

[0082] The gas discharge area serves to drain the gas phase from the gas-liquid separator, so that it includes a gas outlet.

[0083] Preferably, the gas discharge area is designed such that the gas velocity at the gas outlet is maximized, and preferably the gas velocity increases in the direction of gas flow from the separation area towards the gas outlet. This creates a suction effect, resulting in reliable and low-maintenance operation of the gas-liquid separator. Furthermore, this allows the volume of the gas-liquid separator to be reduced without compromising its performance in other areas, such as its separation properties.

[0084] Reversing the separation area, the space decreases from the direction of the separation zone towards the gas outlet. Preferably, the cross-sectional area tapers accordingly from the direction of the separation zone towards the gas outlet.

[0085] In a further development of the gas-liquid separator, it can be provided that the gas discharge area is designed such that the area of ​​imaginary planes, which are perpendicular to the direction from the separation area to the gas outlet, decreases from the separation area towards the gas outlet, wherein this decrease is preferably continuous, wherein preferably the gas guidance unit forms a side wall of the gas discharge area and in longitudinal section this side of the gas guidance unit forms a wedge shape with another side wall of the gas discharge area.

[0086] Furthermore, it can be provided that the gas outlet is located in the upper part of the gas discharge area, particularly preferably in the upper third of the gas discharge area, wherein this direction results from the arrangement of the inlet nozzle and the liquid outlet, so that the inlet nozzle is located above the liquid outlet.

[0087] Furthermore, it can be provided that the inner surface of the gas discharge area has a surface area with a surface energy in the range of 10 to 40 mN / m, wherein preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably at least 90% of the surface of the gas discharge area has a surface energy in the range of 10 to 30 mN / m.

[0088] Furthermore, it can be provided that the separation area is arranged above the separation area and the gas discharge area is arranged above the separation area, with this direction resulting from the arrangement of the inlet nozzle and the liquid outlet, such that the inlet nozzle is arranged above the liquid outlet.

[0089] Furthermore, it can be provided that the separation area is arranged above the separation area and the gas discharge area is arranged above the separation area, with this direction resulting from the arrangement of the inlet nozzle and the liquid outlet, so that the inlet nozzle is arranged above the liquid outlet.

[0090] Furthermore, it can be provided that the volume ratio of separation area to separation area is preferably in the range of 4:1 to 1:10, preferably in the range of 2:1 to 1:6 and especially preferably in the range of 1:1 to 1:3.

[0091] Furthermore, it can be provided that the volume ratio of the separation area to the separation area is preferably in the range of 6:1 to 1:6, preferably in the range of 4:1 to 1:4 and especially preferably in the range of 2:1 to 1:2.

[0092] In a further embodiment, it can be provided that the volume ratio of separation area to gas discharge area is preferably in the range of 10:1 to 1:10, preferably in the range of 5:1 to 1:5 and particularly preferably in the range of 2:1 to 1:2.

[0093] Furthermore, it can be provided that the volume ratio of separation area to gas discharge area is preferably in the range of 10:1 to 1:4, preferably in the range of 6:1 to 1:2 and particularly preferably in the range of 3:1 to 1:3.

[0094] Furthermore, it can be provided that the height of the separation area is preferably in the range of 1 cm to 100 cm, particularly preferably in the range of 5 cm to 20 cm.

[0095] Furthermore, it may be provided that the width of the separation area is preferably in the range of 0.5 cm to 20 cm, particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 cm to 10 cm.

[0096] Furthermore, it can be provided that the depth of the separation area is preferably in the range of 0.5 cm to 20 cm, particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 cm to 10 cm.

[0097] Furthermore, it can be provided that the distance of the inlet nozzle from the impact unit is in the range of 3 mm to 60 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 6 mm to 40 mm and especially preferably in the range of 10 mm to 25 mm.

[0098] Furthermore, it can be provided that the height of the separation area is preferably in the range of 0.5 cm to 20 cm, particularly preferably in the range of 2 cm to 5 cm.

[0099] Furthermore, it may be provided that the width of the separation area is preferably in the range of 0.5 cm to 20 cm, particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 cm to 10 cm.

[0100] Furthermore, it can be provided that the depth of the separation zone is preferably in the range of 0.5 cm to 20 cm, particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 cm to 10 cm.

[0101] Furthermore, it can be provided that the height of the gas discharge area is preferably in the range of 0.5 cm to 20 cm, particularly preferably in the range of 2 cm to 5 cm.

[0102] Furthermore, it can be provided that the width of the gas discharge area is preferably in the range of 0.5 cm to 20 cm, particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 cm to 10 cm.

[0103] Furthermore, it can be provided that the depth of the gas discharge area is preferably in the range of 0.5 cm to 20 cm, particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 cm to 10 cm.

[0104] Furthermore, it can be provided that the ratio of the height of the separation area to the height of the separation area is preferably in the range of 1:2 to 10:1, particularly preferably in the range of 1:1 to 7:1 and especially preferably in the range of 3:1 to 6:1.

[0105] Furthermore, it can be provided that the ratio of the height of the separation area to the height of the gas discharge area is in the range of 2:1 to 1:10, particularly preferably in the range of 1:1 to 1:7 and especially preferably in the range of 1:3 to 1:6.

[0106] Preferably, the gas-liquid separator has a gas flow direction in the separation zone that is essentially parallel to the liquid flow direction. In this zone, the gas-liquid mixture is forced downwards by the gas pressure. In the separation zone, the gas flow direction is redirected so that it differs from the liquid flow direction. Essentially, the liquid flows downwards, while the gas flows upwards in the separation zone and the gas discharge zone.

[0107] As explained above and below, the flow direction of the gas and liquid is not parallel throughout the entire separation area, but particularly in the lower part of the separation area, preferably in the lower third of the separation area, with this direction resulting from the arrangement of the inlet and the liquid outlet, such that the inlet nozzle is arranged above the liquid outlet.

[0108] In a further preferred embodiment, the gas-liquid separator may be designed such that the gas flow velocity after the separation opening, particularly in the separation zone, is reduced by special measures. For this purpose, internal components may be provided in the separation zone, such as baffles or deflector grids, which prevent a strong gas flow onto the liquid present in the separation zone.

[0109] Preferably, the separating opening can be designed to reduce the gas flow velocity. Furthermore, the separating opening can be provided with two, three, four, or more partial separating openings, the arrangement of which can reduce the gas flow velocity. In particular, two, three, four, or more partial separating openings can be present, arranged to reduce the gas flow velocity. Preferably, the gas flow velocity is reduced by at least 5% in the horizontal direction, more preferably by at least 15%, and most preferably by at least 30%, these figures being relative to the original flow velocity. The values ​​can be determined, for example, by appropriate flow tests, which can also be obtained through simulation calculations.Preferably, these values ​​are obtained by measuring the reduction in the amount of liquid carried along by the gas.

[0110] Preferably, the partial separation openings are arranged substantially symmetrically so that the gas flows are attenuated in the horizontal direction. With 2, 4, 6 or more partial openings, these are arranged accordingly opposite each other, or with 3, 5 partial openings in the form of a triangle or pentagon, so that the gases flowing through the separation openings run in opposite directions in the horizontal direction, thus reducing the gas flow velocity.

[0111] The partial separation openings are preferably arranged symmetrically, with the axis or plane of symmetry running parallel to the flow direction of the gas or liquid in the separation area. Depending on the number of partial separation openings, either point or mirror symmetry is present. The term "essentially symmetrical" means that an effective reduction of the gas flow velocity in the separation area is achieved. Preferably, this symmetry is defined by the geometry of the partial separation openings and / or the geometry of the gas guidance unit. Preferably, the ratio of the areas of the partial separation openings is in the range of 2:1 to 1:2, particularly preferably 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, and especially preferably 1.2:1 to 1:1.2 in the case of two partial separation openings.In the case of three or more partial separation openings, the values ​​apply accordingly to the different pairs of partial separation openings, so that the ratio of the area of ​​the largest partial separation opening to the area of ​​the smallest partial separation opening is preferably at most 2:1, preferably at most 1.5:1 and particularly preferably 1.2:1.

[0112] The gas-liquid separator can have one, two, or more separation zones, each with an inlet nozzle, an impact unit, and a gas guide unit. In a preferred embodiment, the gas-liquid separator may comprise exactly one inlet nozzle with an impact unit, and the gas guide unit may be divided into two, three, or more zones, each comprising a (partial) separation opening. In a further embodiment, the gas-liquid separator may comprise several separate separation zones, each with exactly one inlet nozzle and an impact unit, wherein the separation openings of the different (partial) separation zones are connected by exactly one separation zone.In a further preferred embodiment, the gas-liquid separator may comprise two or more inlet nozzles with a baffle unit, configured such that the gas-liquid flows passing through the two or more inlet nozzles are directed towards each other, as previously described, and the gas guidance unit is divided into two, three, or more sections, each comprising a (partial) separation opening. This directs the gas flows passing through the different (partial) separation openings into the same separation area, thereby reducing the flow velocities of the gases.

[0113] Preferably, the gas-liquid separator is designed such that the gas flow velocity in the separation zone is reduced as much as possible to prevent the liquid present in the lower part of the separation zone from being carried along or absorbed. In a preferred embodiment, in which two, three, four, or more partial separation openings are present, these are preferably designed symmetrically. In a preferred embodiment with two separation openings, these are therefore preferably substantially the same size and opposite each other, so that the gas flow is minimized. "Substantially" preferably means that the ratio of the gas flow rate is preferably in the range of 2:1 to 1:2, particularly in the range of 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, and most preferably in the range of 1.2:1 to 1:1.2.In the case of three or more partial separation openings, the values ​​apply accordingly to the different pairs of partial separation openings, such that the ratio of the gas flow rate of the largest partial separation opening to the gas flow rate of the smallest partial separation opening is preferably at most 2:1, preferably at most 1.5:1 and particularly preferably 1.2:1.

[0114] The gas flow rate can be calculated, in particular, from the outlet area of ​​the respective partial separation aperture, taking into account the geometry of the gas guide unit. The gas flow rate of the separation aperture can be determined from the flow rate at which the chromatography is performed, again taking the outlet area of ​​the separation aperture into account.

[0115] In an embodiment with two or more partial separation openings, which together are to be regarded as a separation opening, the previously and subsequently set out size specifications, for example specifications regarding areas, lengths, widths, etc., apply accordingly, whereby the term "separation opening" is to be understood as the entirety of the partial separation openings.

[0116] A particularly preferred embodiment has exactly one or two separation areas with an inlet nozzle, an impact unit, and a gas guide unit, wherein exactly two (partial) separation openings are provided. This design can be manufactured in a particularly simple manner by machining, preferably milling, a block of material, which is preferably made of plastic. Preferably, a side wall is formed by a cover plate, which is connected to the milled block of material by pressure, for example, by screwing it in place. The gas-liquid separator can be reliably cleaned by simply removing the screws and the cover plate.

[0117] InIn a preferred embodiment, a diverting unit, preferably a recess, is provided in the separation area, wherein the inlet nozzle initially directs the gas flow onto the first impact unit. In this embodiment, the flow velocity of the gas in the separation area is preferably reduced as much as possible to prevent the gas from being carried along or absorbed by the liquid present in the lower part of the separation area, as previously explained. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the second impact unit can be provided in the area of ​​the upper termination, so that the diverting unit directs the gas flow to an area in the upper termination. The second impact unit is particularly preferably designed as an internal bulge. The shape of the internal bulge is not critical.

[0118] In this particularly preferred embodiment, in which the second impact unit is designed as an inner bulge, it can be provided that the separation area comprises an upper termination, wherein this upper termination comprises more than one curvature or angle, so that a lower point is provided between two higher points in the upper area, wherein the lower point of the curvature or angle is preferably arranged centrally, and thus lies on a line with the inlet nozzle, which can be conceived as parallel to the gas flow direction or the flow direction of the liquid, i.e. from above, wherein the upper termination preferably transitions into two side walls, so that the transition between the side walls and the upper termination is at least doubly curved.

[0119] The shape of the inner curve, or the configuration of the form with more than one curvature or angle in the upper termination, is not subject to any particular limitations and can be adapted according to further embodiments. For example, the height of the inner curve may preferably be in the range of 1 to 30 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 2 to 15 mm, and especially preferably in the range of 3 to 10 mm. The height of the inner curve refers to the distance between the highest point of the upper termination and the lowest point of the upper termination located between the side walls.

[0120] Furthermore, it can be provided that the distance between the discharge opening of the diverting unit, preferably the recess, and the nearest point of the inner curvature, to which the diverting unit preferably directs the gas flow, is preferably in the range of 0.8 to 25 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 to 20 mm, and especially preferably in the range of 2 to 10 mm.

[0121] The embodiment described above and below, with two or more partial separation openings, is particularly preferred over other configurations, as it has been surprisingly found that this allows the amount of liquid carried along by the gas to be kept very low. This improvement is especially relevant for highly variable liquid fractions in the solvent mixture used for chromatography. Therefore, this embodiment is particularly suitable for gradient chromatography, where the proportions of the solvent, which is liquid at room temperature and normal pressure, and the fluid, which is gaseous at room temperature and normal pressure, vary considerably, as described in detail above and below.

[0122] The previously described preferred properties of the gas-liquid separator require a definition of the various areas, each of which is in fluid contact with the others. This is because the mixture of gas and liquid phases is transferred via the separation area to the separation area, where the liquid is separated from the gas phase and the gas is transferred to the gas discharge area. The separation opening forms the boundary between the separation area and the separation area, with the plane at which the separation opening ends marking the transition to the separation area.

[0123] The transition between the separation zone and the gas discharge zone is also marked by an opening, which, however, is relatively large compared to the separation opening. This opening is defined by the plane located at the level of the separation opening and running perpendicular to the direction of gas flow of the gas-liquid mixture in the separation zone, or parallel to the flow direction of the gas phase as it passes from the separation zone into the separation zone, or parallel to the liquid level during operation. The plane defined by the extent of the opening is selected such that it represents the minimum area between the separation zone and the gas discharge zone, with this plane touching the separation opening and lying essentially parallel to the bottom of the separation zone, or parallel to the liquid level during operation.

[0124] Furthermore, it can be provided that the ratio of the inlet area provided in the separation area to the distance between the inlet and the impact unit is in the range of 5:1 mm² / mm to 1:10 mm² / mm, preferably 2:1 mm² / mm to 1:5 mm² / mm.

[0125] The gas-liquid separator can be manufactured from any known material, provided that the requirements dictated by the solvents and the physical conditions are met. Preferably, a transparent material can be used, allowing the separation process to be observed and thus enabling rapid fault analysis in the event of fouling or similar issues.

[0126] Preferably, the gas-liquid separator can be made from metals, which are preferably acid- and base-resistant, from mineral glasses and / or plastics, for example fluoropolymers, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or similar materials, which are preferably solvent-resistant.

[0127] The gas-liquid separator preferably has a volume in the range of 20 ml to 100 ml, particularly preferably in the range of 20 ml to 70 ml, and especially preferably in the range of 20 ml to 50 ml. With a substantially cuboid shape, which may be curved or domed in the upper and / or lower region of the gas-liquid separator (defined by the inlet nozzle and the liquid outlet, respectively), the height of the gas-liquid separator is preferably in the range of 8 cm to 150 cm, particularly preferably in the range of 10 cm to 12 cm. The height is determined by the linear expansion in the direction of gas flow, i.e., from the inlet nozzle towards the liquid outlet. The width and depth of the gas-liquid separator are each preferably in the range of 15 mm to 60 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 15 mm to 25 mm.

[0128] Preferably, the gas-liquid separator may not be cylindrical, but preferably has a substantially cuboid basic structure with an upper and a lower arc-shaped cover.

[0129] The construction and manufacture of a gas-liquid separator usable according to the invention can be carried out in any way. According to a preferred embodiment, the gas-liquid separator can be designed to be disassembled, so that individual components can be assembled and disassembled. This allows the gas-liquid separator to be easily cleaned in case of contamination. For example, a substantially cuboid base body with a suitable recess can be manufactured, onto which a cover, serving as a side wall, is attached via a screw connection. The side wall serving as a cover can assume the function of the impact unit and / or act as part of the gas guide unit, as described above.In this embodiment, a further part of the gas guidance unit, which preferably also forms a side wall of the gas discharge area, can be attached to the essentially cuboid base body with a suitable recess by a positive fit, by welding (preferably laser welding), bonding, or similar means, so that the previously described areas, in particular at least one separation area, at least one dividing area, and at least one gas discharge area, are created. A gas-liquid separator is preferably manufactured by machining, preferably milling, a block of material, which is preferably made of plastic. Preferably, a side wall is formed by a cover plate, which is connected to the milled block of material by pressure, for example, by screwing.The gas-liquid separator can be reliably cleaned by simply removing the screws and the cover plate, as described above and below.

[0130] However, to prevent the accumulation of larger quantities of liquid, e.g., methanol, the gas-liquid separator can be operated at a moderate internal back pressure, for example, in the range of 0.01 MPa to 0.4 MPa (0.1 bar to 4 bar), controlled by a backpressure regulator. Accordingly, the chromatography system is provided with a backpressure regulator downstream of the gas outlet, preferably adjustable in the range of 0.1 MPa to 0.4 MPa (1 bar to 4 bar) gauge pressure (absolute pressure 0.2 MPa to 0.5 MPa (2 bar to 5 bar)), more preferably 0.2 MPa to 0.3 MPa (2 bar to 3 bar) gauge pressure. The liquid component collected across the separation zone and supplied through the liquid outlet channel enables automated fractionation that can be operated at atmospheric pressure.With the help of the gas-liquid separator and comparable to conventional HPLC analysis, a fully automated fraction collection can also be implemented for SFC analysis.

[0131] Since the inner walls and components of the gas / liquid separator are essentially permanently moistened in the separation and separation zones, not only can a self-cleaning effect develop, but a relatively low degree of cross-contamination of samples can also be achieved. As a further advantage, the gas / liquid separator induces a relatively low peak broadening in the resulting chromatograms.

[0132] According to another aspect, a conversion kit is also provided, which allows a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system to be converted into a solid fuel cell (SFC) system. Such a kit includes at least one gas-liquid separator, as described above. Preferably, the kit includes further components, as described below, to convert an HPLC system into an SFC system, such as heat exchangers or backpressure regulators.

[0133] The gas-liquid separator is used particularly in chromatography systems designed for supercritical liquid chromatography.

[0134] Such a system is operated using supercritical CO₂ together with a solvent, for example, methanol. Accordingly, a chromatography system designed for supercritical liquid chromatography has at least one storage tank for the solvent and one storage tank for the supercritical fluid, for example, CO₂. Generally, the fluid is drawn from the storage tank and transferred by at least one pump into a mixing element, which is in fluid contact with a chromatography column. The pumps and / or the mixing element, as well as the chromatography column, can be equipped with temperature control to allow for the setting of a predefined temperature. Heat exchangers can be used for this purpose.The addition of mixtures to be separated, in particular substances to be purified, can be carried out by known devices, for example injectors, which are preferably provided in the line in which the solvent is fed to the mixing element.

[0135] The fluid exiting the chromatography column is preferably at least partially fed to a detection or analysis unit. Examples of detection or analysis units include UV detectors and / or mass spectrometers.

[0136] A backpressure regulator is generally provided downstream of the chromatography column and preferably downstream of the detection or analysis unit, and preferably a heat exchanger is provided downstream of the backpressure regulator. The aerosol leaving the heat exchanger is preferably subsequently fed to a gas-liquid separator that can be used according to the invention.

[0137] Depending on the type of gas, the gas phase of the aerosol can be captured and processed or, for example when using CO2, released into the environment.

[0138] The liquid phase of the aerosol is preferably collected in a fraction collector. The collected fractions are particularly preferably automatically collected as main fractions, while excess solvent can be treated or disposed of. The connecting line between the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator and the fraction collector can preferably be designed such that residual gas phase, preferably CO₂ residue, can escape via this connection. A semipermeable plastic material can be used for this purpose, for example Teflon, particularly preferably AF 2400 (commercially available from DuPont).

[0139] The SFC chromatography system is preferably operable at a flow rate in the range of 10 ml / min to 450 ml / min, particularly preferably in the range of 50 ml / min to 300 ml / min, and especially preferably in the range of 100 ml / min to 250 ml / min. Furthermore, it can be provided that the SFC chromatography system is preferably operable at a flow rate of at least 10 ml / min, particularly preferably at least 50 ml / min, and especially preferably at least 100 ml / min.

[0140] Another object of the present invention is a method for separating a gas-liquid mixture, in which a chromatography system according to the invention is used with a gas-liquid separator.

[0141] For separation using a supercritical fluid, a gas that can be relatively easily brought into a supercritical state is preferably used. Preferred gases exhibiting these properties include, among others, carbon dioxide (CO₂), ammonia (NH₃), Freon, and xenon, with carbon dioxide (CO₂) being particularly preferred.

[0142] Furthermore, it may be provided that an inorganic or organic solvent is used in a process according to the invention, which is liquid under the usual separation conditions, in particular at 25°C and atmospheric pressure (1023 mbar). A polar or nonpolar solvent may be used, depending on the type of compounds to be separated or purified.

[0143] Preferably, the gas-liquid mixture to be brought to the supercritical state comprises a polar solvent and a gas selected from the group consisting of CO₂, NH₃, Freon, Xenon, preferably CO₂. Preferably, the polar solvent is an alcohol, preferably methanol, ethanol or propanol, hexane, mixtures with dichloromethane, chloroform, water (preferably up to a maximum of 3 vol%, as otherwise a miscibility gap may occur), an aldehyde or a ketone, preferably methyl ethyl ketone; an ester, preferably ethyl acetate; or an ether, preferably tetrahydrofuran.

[0144] When using a polar solvent, it is preferably provided that the impact unit has a surface area with a surface energy in the range of 35 mN / m to 100 mN / m, particularly preferably in the range of 50 mN / m to 80 mN / m.

[0145] Furthermore, the gas-liquid mixture to be brought to the supercritical state may comprise a nonpolar solvent and a gas selected from the group consisting of CO₂, NH₃, Freon, Xenon, preferably CO₂. Preferably, the nonpolar solvent is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, preferably hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, octane; an aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably benzene, toluene, xylene; an ester, preferably ethyl acetate; or an ether, preferably tetrahydrofuran.

[0146] When using a non-polar solvent, it is preferably provided that the impact unit has a surface area with a surface energy in the range of 10 mN / m to 40 mN / m, particularly preferably in the range of 15 mN / m to 30 mN / m.

[0147] In a preferred embodiment of the method, in which the chromatography system includes a back pressure regulator by which the pressure in the gas-liquid separator can be controlled, it can be provided that the control of the pressure is selected depending on the solvent content of the gas-liquid mixture; preferably, the control can be designed such that a high pressure is provided in the gas-liquid separator when the solvent content is high.

[0148] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to four figures, without thereby limiting the invention. The figures show: Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a gas-liquid separator usable according to the invention; Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas-liquid separator usable according to the invention; Figure 3 is a schematic top view of a gas-liquid separator usable according to the invention; Figure 4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a further embodiment of a gas-liquid separator usable according to the invention; Figure 5 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a further embodiment of a gas-liquid separator usable according to the invention; Figure 6 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a further embodiment of a gas-liquid separator usable according to the invention; Figure 7 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a further embodiment of a gas-liquid separator usable according to the invention; Figure 8 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the Figure 7embodiment of a gas-liquid separator usable according to the invention as shown, wherein the cutting plane is rotated by 90° relative to the one shown in Figure 7 Figure 9 is a schematic longitudinal section of a further embodiment of a gas-liquid separator that can be used according to the invention, Figure 10 is a schematic representation of a chromatography system with a gas-liquid separator that can be used according to the invention.

[0149] Figure 1 describes a gas-liquid separator 10 that can be used according to the invention in a longitudinal section view.

[0150] The gas-liquid separator 10 comprises a separation area 12 with an inlet nozzle 14, an impact unit 16, and a gas guidance unit 18. The gas guidance unit 18 is formed by the impact unit 16, which is designed here as an impact plate, a gas acceleration plate 20, and two further side walls (not shown in the longitudinal section). The wedge-shaped form of the separation area 12 is shown in particular, through which a gas is accelerated from the area of ​​the inlet nozzle 14 towards the separation opening 22.

[0151] The impact unit 16, designed here as an impact plate, can have a structured or smooth surface. The gas acceleration plate 20 can be flat or slightly concave from the direction of the inlet nozzle 14 towards the separation opening 22, so that the decrease in the distance between the impact plate 16 and the gas acceleration plate 20, as shown here, is reduced. The separation area 12 is bounded at the top by an upper termination 24.

[0152] The gas-liquid separator 10 comprises a separation area 26 with a liquid outlet 28, wherein the separation area 26 is connected to the separation area 12 via the separation opening 22, so that the separation area 12 is in flow contact with the separation area 26.

[0153] In this case, the impact unit 16, designed as an impact plate, forms a side wall of the separation zone 26. The bottom of the gas-liquid separator 10 is formed by the lower end of the separation zone 26. This bottom can be designed such that the liquid outlet 28 is located at the lowest point of the bottom.

[0154] A side wall 32 of the gas discharge area 30 and the two side walls not shown in the longitudinal section together with an opening 34, which is provided between the gas discharge area 30 and the separation area 26, and the separation opening 22 form the further boundaries of the separation area.

[0155] In the separation area 26, the gas phase is separated from the liquid phase, preferably by accelerating the gas through the gas guidance unit 18 towards the separation opening 22, so that the liquid is transferred towards the bottom of the separation area 26.

[0156] The gas phase is directed into the gas discharge area 30 via the opening 34, which is provided between the gas discharge area 30 and the separation area 26. The gas discharge area 30 is designed in such a way that the gas is accelerated towards the gas outlet 35, which is provided in the gas discharge area 30.

[0157] In the present case, the rear wall of the previously described gas acceleration plate 20 together with the side wall 32 projecting into the separation area forms a corresponding wedge shape, with one edge of the gas acceleration plate 20 being connected to the side wall 32.

[0158] Figure 2 Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a gas-liquid separator 10 that can be used according to the invention, where the same reference numerals describe the same parts.

[0159] Particularly visible are the previously unshown side walls 36, 38 of the gas-liquid separator 10. Furthermore, the inlet 40 of the aerosol and the outlet for the gas 42 are shown.

[0160] Furthermore, it can be seen that in this embodiment the impact unit 16, designed as an impact plate, has a groove-shaped surface structure.

[0161] Figure 3 Figure 1 shows a schematic top view of a gas-liquid separator 10 usable according to the invention, where the same reference numerals describe the same parts. Particularly evident is the preferred embodiment of the lower termination 44 of the separation area 26 and the upper termination 24 of the separation area 12, which in this case are each designed in an arc shape.

[0162] Figure 4 describes a gas-liquid separator 50 that can be used according to the invention in a longitudinal section view.

[0163] The gas-liquid separator 50 comprises a separation area 52 with an inlet nozzle 54, an impact unit 56, and a gas guidance unit 58. The gas guidance unit 58 is formed by a gas acceleration unit 60, two side walls 62a, 62b, and a further bottom wall and a top wall, which are not shown in the longitudinal section. The wedge-shaped form of the separation area 52 is shown in particular, through which a gas is accelerated from the area of ​​the inlet nozzle 54 towards the separation opening 64.

[0164] In the present embodiment, the separation area 52 is divided into two sub-areas 52a, 52b, each of which is connected to the separation area 66 via its own partial separation openings 64a and 64b.

[0165] In the present embodiment, the impact unit 56 is formed in the area of ​​the gas acceleration unit 60, which at this point connects the two sub-areas 60a, 60b of the gas acceleration unit 60 in an arc-shaped manner and partially separates the sub-areas 52a, 52b of the separation area 52. The inlet nozzle 54 directs the gas-liquid mixture onto the impact unit 56. This creates a gas flow that runs parallel to the flow direction of the liquid in the separation area 52. The gas acceleration unit 60 has two sub-areas 60a, 60b which, from the direction of the inlet nozzle 54 towards the separation opening 64, reduce the distance between the gas acceleration unit 60 and the respective side wall 62a, 62b, whereby the sub-areas 60a, 60b of the gas acceleration unit 60 can be flat or slightly concave. The separation area 52 is limited at the top by an upper termination 68.

[0166] The gas-liquid separator 50 comprises a separation area 66 with a liquid outlet 70, wherein the separation area 66 is connected to the separation area 52 via the separation opening 64 or the two partial separation openings 64a and 64b, so that the two partial areas 52a, 52b of the separation area 52 are in flow contact with the separation area 66.

[0167] The base of the gas-liquid separator 50 is formed by the lower termination of the separation zone 66. This base can be designed such that the liquid outlet 70 is located at the lowest point of the base.

[0168] The gas discharge area 72 is formed by the gas acceleration unit 60 and the two walls not shown in the longitudinal section together with an opening 74, which is provided between the gas discharge area 72 and the separation area 66.

[0169] In the separation zone 66, the gas phase is separated from the liquid phase, preferably by accelerating the gas through the gas guidance unit 58 towards the separation opening 64, so that the liquid is transferred towards the bottom of the separation zone 66. In the present embodiment, the two partial gas streams introduced into the separation zone 66 via the partial separation openings 52a, 52b are directed against each other, thus minimizing their velocity in the separation zone. This design significantly reduces the amount of liquid carried in the gas stream.

[0170] The gas phase is directed into the gas discharge area 72 via the opening 74, which is provided between the gas discharge area 72 and the separation area 66. The gas discharge area 72 is designed in such a way that the gas is accelerated towards the gas outlet 76, which is provided in the gas discharge area 72.

[0171] In the present case, the back side of the previously described gas acceleration unit 60 forms a corresponding shape that narrows towards the top.

[0172] The in Figure 4 The embodiment shown can be very easily produced by milling from a block of plastic. In this process, the [missing information] can be [missing information]. Figure 4The back panel (not shown) can be produced by leaving the material intact, with the volumes of the previously described areas and sub-areas being determined by corresponding milling depths or material removal depths. The top surface can be provided by a plate, for example a glass plate, which is pressed against the milled plastic block from above. This pressing can be achieved, for example, by screwing it in place. The corresponding bores are indicated here by reference numeral 78. The plate forming the top surface is preferably fixed by a stepped recess, which can be considered a groove, extending over the areas and sub-areas shown. This stepped recess is indicated here by reference numeral 79.

[0173] Figure 5 This document describes a gas-liquid separator 80, usable according to the invention, in a longitudinal section view. The separator is described in... Figure 5The depicted gas-liquid separator 80 corresponds in its conceptual design to the one shown in Figure 4 The gas-liquid separator 50 shown, where identical or similar components have the same reference numerals. The gas-liquid separator 80 comprises a separation area 52 with an inlet nozzle 54, an impact unit 56, and a gas guidance unit 82. The gas guidance unit 82 is formed by a gas acceleration unit 84, two side walls 62a, 62b, as well as a further bottom wall and a top wall, which are not shown in the longitudinal section.

[0174] The main difference lies in the fact that the gas acceleration unit 84 divides sharply into two sub-sections 88a and 88b, in contrast to the gas acceleration unit 60 of the in Figure 4The illustrated embodiment has an arc-shaped shape in the impact area. In this case, the nozzle is guided onto the impact area 56, which can be designed to be relatively flat, so that the connection point of the two sub-areas 84a and 84b is flattened.

[0175] Figure 6 This document describes a gas-liquid separator 90, usable according to the invention, in a longitudinal section view. The separator is described in... Figure 6 The depicted gas-liquid separator 90 corresponds in its conceptual design to the one shown in Figure 5 The gas-liquid separator 80 shown, wherein identical or similar components have the same reference numerals. The gas-liquid separator 90 comprises a separation area 52 with two inlet nozzles 94a, 94b, an impact unit 56 and a gas guide unit 82.

[0176] The essential difference lies particularly in the fact that the two inlet nozzles 94a, 94b direct the aerosol onto the gas guidance unit 82 from two sides, or rather onto the two sub-areas 82a, 82b of the gas guidance unit 82. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the gas guidance unit 82 could be divided into two effectively separate separation areas at its upper end 68 by a partition wall, without any significant changes to the flow in the area of ​​the separation.

[0177] Figure 7 This document describes a gas-liquid separator 100, usable according to the invention, in a longitudinal section view. The separator is described in... Figure 7 The depicted gas-liquid separator 100 corresponds in its conceptual design to the one shown in Figure 4The gas-liquid separator 50 shown, wherein identical or similar components have the same reference numerals. The gas-liquid separator 100 comprises a separation area 52 with an inlet nozzle 102 and a gas guide unit 58. In the present embodiment, the impact unit is formed by the ceiling wall, which is Figure 7 not shown.

[0178] The key difference lies in the fact that the impact unit is formed by the ceiling wall (not shown), whereby the gas flow through the inlet nozzle 102 into the gas-liquid separator 100 is initially directed onto the ceiling wall. The diverting unit 104 directs the gas flow to the upper termination 106, which in the present embodiment has an internal bulge 108. The diverting unit 104 is formed in this embodiment by a recess in the gas acceleration unit 110, which at this point connects the two sections 110a, 110b of the gas acceleration unit 110 in an arc-shaped manner and partially separates the sections 52a, 52b of the separation area 52.

[0179] Accordingly, the upper termination 106, in particular the area of ​​the inner bulge 108, can be considered a second impact unit, since a portion of the aerosol undergoes further impact separation. The inner bulge 108 contributes to stabilizing the gas flow, so that the aerosol or gas flow is directed specifically into the two sub-areas 52a and 52b of the gas guidance unit.

[0180] Figure 8 shows in longitudinal view the in Figure 7 described gas-liquid separator 100, wherein a section plane is shown that is perpendicular to the illustration, which is in Figure 7The diagram shows a section through the apex of the inner bulge 108 and the liquid outlet 70. Specifically, the ceiling wall 112 and the bottom wall 114 are shown. Line 116 represents the bottom area of ​​the diverting unit 104, and line 118 represents the apex of the inner bulge 108. The dashed lines 120 and 122 indicate the material cutouts that form the diverting unit 104, while the dashed line 124 indicates the upper area of ​​the gas discharge area 72, where the gas is concentrated and transferred to the gas outlet 76.

[0181] Figure 9 This document describes a gas-liquid separator 130, usable according to the invention, in a longitudinal section view. The separator is described in... Figure 9 The depicted gas-liquid separator 130 corresponds in its conceptual design to the one shown in Figure 4The gas-liquid separator 50 shown, wherein identical or similar components have the same reference numerals. The gas-liquid separator 130 comprises a separation area 52 with two inlet nozzles 134a, 134b, two impact units 136a, 136b and a gas guide unit 52.

[0182] The key difference lies in the fact that the two inlet nozzles 134a, 134b direct the aerosol onto the opposite sides of the respective side walls 62a, 62b, which are designed as impact units 136a, 136b at the respective locations, with the jet from the inlet nozzles 134a directed towards the impact unit 136a, which can be considered part of the side wall 62b. The two inlet nozzles 134a, 134b can be easily displaced in a horizontal or vertical direction.

[0183] The in the Figures 5 to 9 The embodiments described above can be used, as before, for Figure 4The components are manufactured by milling from a block of plastic, with the top surface being provided by a plate, for example a glass plate, which is pressed against the milled plastic block from above. Furthermore, all embodiments can be produced by casting or similar processes.

[0184] Figure 10 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a chromatography system 200 with a gas-liquid separator 230 which can be used according to the invention and which is suitable for supercritical liquid chromatography.

[0185] Such a system is described using supercritical CO₂ as an example, with methanol being presented as an exemplary solvent. Naturally, systems using other solvents, preferably organic solvents, or other supercritical fluids, are similarly constructed.

[0186] As in Fig. 9As shown, the respective fluids are stored in reservoirs, in particular the gas, which continues to be used in a supercritical state, is stored in a storage tank 202 and the solvent in a storage tank 204. These fluids can be pumped from storage tanks 202 and 204, respectively, to the other components of the system via pumps 206 and 208. In the system 200 described here, a preparation stage 210, 212 is preferably provided in each fluid supply line, through which the liquids can be tempered. Furthermore, a leveling of the pressure fluctuations caused by the pumps can be provided. Accordingly, this preparation stage can be designed, for example, as a heat exchanger or as a pump.Preferably, an addition unit 214, for example an injector, can be provided in the solvent line, through which a mixture to be separated is introduced into the system 200 before the CO 2 and the solvent are fed into a mixer 216 and from there to a chromatography column 218.

[0187] In the present system 200, two analysis units are connected downstream of the chromatography column 218. For this purpose, a sample discharge unit 220 is connected to a mass spectrometer 222, and a UV detector 224 is provided downstream of the sample discharge unit. The backpressure regulator 226 provided in the line maintains the respective pressure necessary to keep the fluid in a supercritical state. A heat exchanger 228 is provided downstream of the backpressure regulator 226, which prevents the aerosol from freezing during the decompression process. Subsequently, the aerosol is introduced into a gas-liquid separator 230, which can be used according to the invention, and the gas from the system is discharged via outlet 232.

[0188] The liquid is introduced into a fraction collector 234 and fractionated therein. The solvent contained in the fractionated samples can be removed from the samples.

Claims

1. Chromatography system (200) comprising at least one gas-liquid separator (10, 50, 80, 90, 100, 130, 230), comprising: a) a separating region (12, 52) having an inlet nozzle (14, 54, 94a, 94b, 102, 134a, 134b), a baffle unit (16, 56, 136a, 136b) and a gas distribution unit (18, 58, 82); b) a dividing region (26, 66) having a liquid outlet (28, 70); and c) a gas discharge region (30, 72) having a gas outlet (35, 76); wherein the separating region (12, 52) is connected to the dividing region (26, 66) by a separating opening (22, 64) and the distance of the inlet nozzle (14, 54, 94a, 94b, 102, 134a, 134b) from the baffle unit (16, 56, 136a, 136b) is greater than the smallest longitudinal extension of the separating opening (22, 64, 64a, 64b) and the inlet nozzle (14, 54, 94a, 94b, 102, 134a, 134b) is configured such that a gas-liquid stream directed through the inlet nozzle (14, 54, 94a, 94b, 102, 134a, 134b) can act on the baffle unit (16, 56, 136a, 136b), characterized in that the chromatography system (200) comprises a back-pressure regulator downstream of the gas outlet (35, 76).

2. Chromatography system comprising at least one gas-liquid separator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the chromatography system (200) comprises a back-pressure regulator by means of which the pressure in the gas-liquid separator can be regulated.

3. Chromatography system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gas-liquid separator (10, 50, 80, 90, 100, 130, 230) is operable with a stream direction of the gas in the separating region (12, 52) which is parallel to the stream direction of the liquid.

4. Chromatography system according to according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separating opening (22, 64) is configured such that the stream velocity of the gas in the dividing region (26, 66) is reduced.

5. Chromatography system according to Claim 4, characterized in that the separating opening (64) has two, three, four or more partial separating openings (64a, 64b) by the arrangement of which a reduction in the stream velocity of the gas is effectible.

6. Chromatography system according to according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that der Gas-Flüssig-Abscheider (10, 50, 80, 90, 100, 130, 230) has installations in the dividing region (26, 66) for reducing the gas stream.

7. Chromatography system according to according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the baffle unit (16, 56, 136a, 136b) is flat and can be regarded as a baffle plate, said baffle plate preferably forming a wall of the separating region (12, 52) and constituting a side wall of the gas distribution unit (18, 58).

8. Chromatography system according to according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a diverting unit (104) is provided in the separating region (12, 52), by which the aerosol stream can act on a second baffle unit.

9. Chromatography system according to according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, if the separating opening (22, 64) is gap-shaped, it has a gap width in the range from 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm and especially preferably 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm (smallest longitudinal extension), or, if the separating opening is formed by multiple parallel openings, the openings having a width in the range 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm and especially preferably 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm (smallest longitudinal extension).

10. Chromatography system according to according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the outlet surface of the separating opening (22, 64) to the volume of the gas-liquid separator (10, 50, 80, 90, 100, 130, 230) is in the range from 0.05 mm2 / ml to 6 mm2 / ml, particularly preferably in the range from 0.3 mm2 / ml to 3 mm2 / ml and especially preferably in the range from 0.5 mm2 / ml to 2.0 mm2 / ml11. A method of separating a gas-liquid mixture characterized by using a gas-chromatography system (200) according to at least one of the Claims 1 bis 10.

12. Method according to according to Claim 11, characterized in that the backpressure regulator is adjustable in the range from 0,1 MPa to 0,4 MPa (1 bar to 4 bar) gauge pressure (absolute pressure 0,2 MPa to 0,5 MPa (2 bar to 5 bar)), preferably 0,2 MPa to 0,3 MPa (2 bar to 3 bar) gauge pressure.

13. Method according to according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the regulation of the pressure in the gas-liquid separator (10, 50, 80, 90, 100, 130, 230) is selected as a function of the solvent content of the gas-liquid mixture.

14. Method according to according to Claim 13, characterized in that the regulation is configured such that a high pressure is provided in the gas-liquid separator (10, 50, 80, 90, 100, 130, 230) at a high solvent content.