CAR DISC BRAKE PAD WITH FRICTION BELTING RETURN SPRING

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a disc brake pad assembly 1 comprising friction material 2 which is fixed at the front to a back plate 3, and with a friction pad return spring 4 arranged fixed at the rear to the back plate 3, wherein the friction pad return spring 4 has a base 5 and a subsequent elastic return spring clip 6, and wherein the return spring clip 6 is suitable and intended to sit on an associated abutment 7 of a stator / holder 8.The stator / holder 8 can be a brake holder that is mounted in a rotationally fixed manner, i.e. statically and fixed to the vehicle, and is suitable and intended to accommodate two friction linings 1 that are mounted in the holder 8 in a rotationally fixed manner and that can be axially displaced parallel to one another (axis Ax) (and are usually largely mirror-imaged), and at the same time to support a floating caliper brake housing 19 that can additionally or separately have an electric motor-gearbox unit 20 in addition to hydraulic application means. In In this system, a friction lining return spring 4 allocated in a friction lining-resistant manner serves to ensure, with its elastically pre-tensioned return spring clip 6 sitting on the abutment 7 in an axially pre-tensioned manner, that the relevant (usually the indirectly actuated) motor vehicle disc brake pad 1 automatically springs back in the reverse brake actuation direction, i.e. from a brake actuation position, in an axially directed manner as a result of the impressed return spring force.

[0002] A known motor vehicle disc brake, such as in particular a known motor vehicle disc brake pad with integrated sheet metal return springs, is exemplified by JP 2012 - 63014 A. The return springs of the friction pads have a base that is permanently seated on the rear side of a back plate of the disc brake pad. Adjoining this base is a return spring clip with an approximately Δ (delta)-shaped angle, which is laterally angled parallel to the tangential direction and elastically deformable, resting on an end face of a brake holder. A sliding plate assembly is also separately inserted into a holder, so that the motor vehicle disc brake pad is received in the holder via the sliding plate. The holder also supports a relatively displaceably mounted brake caliper.In this disc brake system, the elastic sheet metal return spring ensures that the vehicle disc brake pad is always retracted to a fixed, defined rest position after each brake application, i.e., when the brake is released. This position is axially offset from the brake disc. This reliably prevents residual braking torque.

[0003] From the Fig. 2 DE 30 23 103 A1 discloses a spot-type disc brake whose indirectly actuated motor vehicle disc brake pad is equipped with a return spring clip that is angled laterally in the tangential direction and rests against the bracket, and wherein the return spring is fixed to the friction lining. Furthermore, the return spring is designed as a twistable torsion coil spring made of wire, the end of which is held by a compression in an opening in the back plate. With the hydraulic piston displacement, torsional force is stored in the coil spring. The torsion coil spring can also be plastically deformed if the elastic deformation exceeds a predetermined amount in order to maintain the elastic force of the friction lining return spring at a low level. However, no sheet metal return spring variant is disclosed in this regard.

[0004] A completely different mechanism in conjunction with a bracket-mounted sliding plate is disclosed in US 9,528,564 B2. This includes a Δ (delta)-shaped angled return spring clip that is designed as an integral, one-piece component of the separate sliding plate spring assembly, and wherein this sliding plate spring assembly is immovably mounted in the bracket.

[0005] US 10,030,729 B2 relates to a motor vehicle disc brake equipped with sliding sheet metal segments in the bracket and designed as a replacement kit for individually tailored, flexibly retrofittable springing. For this purpose, an indirectly actuated friction lining may have a plastically deformable, individually retrofittable return spring made of sheet metal, the spring clip of which is essentially folded in a Δ (delta) shape in the tangential direction, i.e., directed laterally, and laterally engages the back plate in order to engage with a tab on the front side of the friction lining back plate. This sheet metal return spring is designed to be plastically deformable in that it has three bending axes P1, P2, P3 that are parallel to one another. For the purpose of individual springing in a radial direction, a separately clip-on sheet metal bow spring is additionally defined, the spring clip of which extends in the radial direction.

[0006] DE 10 2016 211 147 A1 discloses the return spring system extending tangentially to the side of the friction lining, comprising an automatic lining wear-compensating return spring including a locking tooth profile for the purpose of friction lining wear adjustment.

[0007] DE 10 2012 006 082 A1 relates to a floating caliper disc brake suitable for heavy-duty compressed air commercial vehicle brakes, comprising a return device aligned laterally in the tangential direction, including a correspondingly adapted friction lining with a back plate, and recommends, for increased robustness, the tangentially directed claw spring, which has a sharp, hardened claw edge for cooperation with a bracket, and wherein the claw spring is intended to develop a particularly stiff characteristic.

[0008] DE 11 2013 004 669 T5 relates to a motor vehicle disc brake with disc brake pads, both of which comprise a one-piece, complex spring arrangement curved in all spatial directions. Three spring clips acting in different spatial directions are provided. A radially outwardly angled return spring clip cooperates with an abutment on a brake holder, allocated radially above the base, and thus acts on the motor vehicle disc brake pad in the axial direction. Furthermore, this return spring clip also enables a friction pad adjustment comprising a pivoting moment M in relation to the contact surface. Consequently, a tipping tendency is counteracted. From the first embodiment according to Fig. 4 + 5 shows the axial spring leg, which is angled radially outward, as well as the two predominantly axially extending radial spring legs and tangential spring legs. The springing is formed from a single-piece, cut-out and formed metal plate, which is fixed to the ear sections of a back plate.

[0009] US 2004 / 0222053 A1 relates to a clothespin-like clipped return spring for a friction lining arrangement of a motor vehicle disc brake, wherein according to claim 1 two competing return spring clips are defined on the return spring in such a way that different return spring forces are obtained from each other.

[0010] DE 102016 202 520 A1 refers, with various constructively formulated designs, to simplified, practical and particularly robustly developed friction lining arrangements including return springs, without this document providing any details about the design of a return spring characteristic curve.

[0011] The present invention is based on the task of avoiding disadvantages of the prior art and, at minimal expense (low material requirements, simple production, and easy, self-explanatory friction lining replacement), providing an efficiently enhanced spring-loaded motor vehicle disc brake pad that also allows for a particularly compact design. Furthermore, the rationalization effort remains to offer a spring configuration that essentially requires no design changes for both conventional brake calipers and combined brake calipers (which integrate an electric motor). At the same time, a variation should be possible that enables a reliable, rationally improved preassembly of a motor vehicle disc brake structure for all applications, as well as a clearly and compactly structured component breakdown.

[0012] The problem is solved with the features of the independent patent claim(s) in a particularly efficient and at the same time compact manner by means of a combination of features, in that the friction lining return spring 4 is mounted with its base 5 in a friction lining-proof manner, and the spring property is achieved by means of an additively composed spring characteristic curve which additively combines a plurality of sections (A, B, C, D) with one another, which comprises a plurality of quasi-linearly growing straight sections A, C, D and at least one degressively curved transition section B inserted therebetween, and wherein the sections AD each have differently defined pitch angles α, β, γ, δ, and the return spring clip of the friction lining return spring is bent in a clip-like manner with respect to a radial direction with a tangentially extending bending axis, pointing radially inwards, such that the abutment of the return spring clip is arranged radially below in relation to the base.Among the sections AD there is at least one part or characteristic curve section B, C, D designed to be partially plastically deformable, which, through its predetermined, defined, plastic deformation behavior, serves to enable the automatically defined springback, including wear compensation (friction lining + brake disc), as needed. The particular advantage of the invention is that the disc brake pad 1 and friction lining return spring 4 can always be replaced together, thus particularly efficiently. This has the positive effect that the proper assembly of the return spring means can neither be omitted nor is the impermissible reuse of worn return springs possible. The return spring means preassembled according to the invention always remain in the metal recycling cycle of the disc brake pads in a simple and properly recyclable manner.Although the invention is preferably primarily explained here in connection with an application example based on a completely non-detachable rivet fixation between the back plate and the return spring assembly, on the basis of a sufficiently secured fixation, a detachably arranged spring variant is in principle also conceivable without departing from the principles of the present invention.

[0013] All of these alternatives or designs can be used variably for space-saving integration, both for the electromechanically actuated via MGU 20 or for the hydraulically and electromechanically combined combined brakes, and in particular for exclusively hydraulically actuated vehicle disc brakes.

[0014] In a further embodiment of the invention, a particularly fatigue-resistant, bending-fatigue-resistant return spring clip construction 6 is obtained if it is designed with a cold-hardened curved design.

[0015] Tests have shown that previously known, conventionally angled return spring clips can lead to noise deficiencies due to spring resonance. The present invention reduces such risks. Work hardening is partially possible with respect to the friction lining return spring. This can comprise a single or multiple repeated S-shaped and / or helically wound spring clip curvature.

[0016] For a corrosion-resistant design, it is advisable if the friction lining return spring 4 is cut out of stainless steel flat material (stainless steel sheet), and at least some assembly parts can be provided in sections or completely as a closed frame with at least one through-opening 9 and / or with at least one open-edged profiling 10 for the purpose of modifying the spring characteristic curve.

[0017] A multifunctionally configured return spring assembly enables rational logistics with simplified handling and effectively compressed material utilization, in that the base 5 is defined largely centrally riveted to the friction lining return spring, and from which, on the one hand, the radially directed end piece of the friction lining return spring with return spring clip extends, and diametrically opposite, a diametrically opposite end piece of the spring assembly is defined for an integrally integrated radial spring component 11 and / or an integrally integrated tangential spring component 13 including one and / or more additional spring clips 12. In other words, the strip pattern of a separated blank is, for the sake of simplicity, flat as well as flat and tongue-shaped with an organically attached additional spring clip 12.

[0018] As a result, the arrangement according to the invention enables, for the first time, a disc brake in which a radial spring component 11 and / or tangential spring component 13 is integrated in the force flow between the motor vehicle disc brake pad 1 and the holder 8 via the spring assembly.

[0019] Depending on whether the relationship between the spring component and the holder 8 is largely static or relatively displaceable, a differently varied, improved support for mutual contact can be provided. For example, the mutual support can comprise a transversely directed coupling—in particular, a relatively displaceable coupling—between the spring assembly and the holder 8. In other words, a dynamically displaceable spring seat can be defined in the support on the abutment 7. Improved static support on the abutment 7 is also possible if the spring assembly forms at least one sliding skid 15 and / or at least one pendulum skid 16. Said sliding skid 15 is particularly advantageously characterized by reproducible relative displacement capabilities (improved sliding friction), whereas a pendulum or roller skid 16 promises very special corrosion-resistant advantages due to its self-cleaning properties.

[0020] Particularly to improve assembly safety during initial assembly, or to ensure safe maintenance procedures, it is recommended for reproduction purposes that each runner 15, 16 has an angled blade or a curved spoon 17 and / or a combination thereof at its end piece. It goes without saying that any punching burrs in the area of ​​the friction lining return spring 4 must be properly avoided or removed from the finished part by trovalizing, electropolishing, or similar, in order to eliminate any risk of injury from protruding burrs.

[0021] The compactness of the installation space and / or raw material utilization are efficiently increased by combining an additional spring component with the return spring assembly in a single piece, with the spring component branching off from the spring assembly as a separate spring clip. This is made possible, for example, if the spring component and return spring clip are bent orthogonally offset to one another in the blank strip pattern. Furthermore, the invention allows the additional spring component to branch off from the base 5 and / or the return spring clip 6 of the spring assembly.

[0022] A particularly efficient design of the spring assembly is defined in that it has a substantially G-shaped, helical curved silhouette in projected shadows, as well as comprising two spring components 11, 13 including runners 15, 16 with force effects directed orthogonally to one another, on the one hand in the radial direction R and on the other hand in the axial direction Ax.

[0023] The present invention is further explained below with reference to the drawing, in which some preferred structural embodiments are illustrated in whole or in part, thus in outline form. In this context, any individual, partial, or component disclosure that may appear incomplete somewhere because it has been taken out of context is to be understood as a whole in such a way that the disclosure considered as a whole makes sense from the perspective of a person skilled in the art, even if this disclosure, which appears to require interpretation or is incomplete, reasonably requires recourse to other or adjacently expressly described features, which, in order to concentrate on the essentials, were not originally expressly disclosed in detail at the respective disclosure location.

[0024] Fig. 1a-d a first, i-shaped, straight, stretched embodiment of a riveted return spring assembly with radially inwardly bent axial spring leg including pendulum skid, and with radial spring leg including sliding skid, partly with sketches of peripheral components involved, such as in particular friction lining backing plate, bracket and brake housing, in different views,

[0025] Fig. 2a-d a second embodiment of a return spring assembly with a straight strip pattern and a radially inwardly bent axial spring leg, comparable to the Fig. 1 However, an anti-twist device is provided by a separate holder support / anti-twist stop VA,

[0026] Fig. 3 a-c two variants (with and without holder support / anti-twist stop VA) of a third, striped design of a return spring assembly, with axial spring leg bent outwards tangentially (space-saving for electromechanically combined actuated hydraulic combination calliper brakes) including pendulum skid, partly with sketches of the peripheral components involved, in different views,

[0027] Fig. 4 a-c + Fig. 5 a-c a variant like in Fig. 3 in supplementary representations,

[0028] Fig. 6 a-c the spring variant as in Fig. 1 supplemented by bearing and force application points in the respective spatial axes and additionally a schematic spring characteristic diagram,

[0029] Fig. 7 a-f spring deformation schematically illustrated using stage sketches,

[0030] Fig. 8 Representation of a force-free spring contour (finished part - side view) and for comparison, projected the elastically pre-stressed deformed spring contour immediately after brake assembly,

[0031] Fig. 9 a, b with a) clarification of the nominal spring contour directly in the installed position, and b) the elastically and plastically deformed spring contour after approximately 15mm friction lining wear,

[0032] Fig. 10 + 11 various exemplary modifications of the first embodiment,

[0033] Fig. 12 Diagram to illustrate the spring system behavior in which a return spring force F in the axial spatial direction is plotted against a back plate displacement in the axial spatial direction,

[0034] Fig. 13 a diagram to illustrate the spring system behavior similar Fig. 12 however, the radial spring force component is shown, and

[0035] Fig. 14 Diagram to illustrate the spring system behavior, showing the radial spring force component relative to a radially directed back plate displacement.

[0036] A particular advantage of the present invention is that it enables an automatic idle travel reduction function dependent on total wear compensation. Thus, the disc brakes further developed according to the invention enable a particularly safe, resource-saving, and efficient vehicle design because a particularly rapid braking effect can be achieved while avoiding idle travel and can be replaced cost-effectively with minimal effort. Logistics remains simple because, in principle, no additional attachment is required other than the disc brake friction lining system. Further details of the invention are evident from the dependent claims together with the description based on the drawings.

[0037] It has been shown that the very different disc brake configurations (both floating and fixed caliper brakes) can require very different return spring designs, with the result that, unfortunately, no universally applicable return optimization is possible. This is precisely where the present invention comes in.

[0038] The present invention fulfills the need for a further developed return spring that offers a space-saving and interchange-proof solution for application in a floating caliper brake.

[0039] This problem is solved in a comparatively general design, i.e. universally, in conjunction with a particularly novel, segmented return spring based on a return spring characteristic curve modeling with the proviso that a return spring according to the invention is inserted precisely into the return spring force flow, taking into account the shape change energy hypothesis. In In this context, the desired return spring characteristic is achieved by an adapted spring characteristic design, with a cold-forming-technically tailored forming design of the return spring, as well as in conjunction with a targeted return spring placement.

[0040] The present invention relates in its most general form to an optimized return spring, or an optimized friction lining or to an optimized floating caliper disc brake system which, based on the optimized spring characteristic, allows a universally adaptable, optimized return spring, and wherein, in a preferred floating caliper interpretation, there is a suitably adapted holder for the rotationally fixed reception of the appropriate friction linings and for the mounting of a relatively displaceably mounted brake housing.

[0041] A first interpretation I of the return spring invention disclosed herein is understood as a kind of independent, axially and relatively displaceably mounted, double-acting yoke spring embodiment, which is fork-shaped, so that its return spring effect is clamped by means of two spring legs between the two friction linings arranged opposite one another and mounted in parallel displacement, such that a synchronized or differential return spring effect is possible. A second interpretation II of the return spring according to the invention disclosed herein is defined as a friction lining attachment permanently installed on the back plate side, so that this return spring is not a separate component, but is clamped between the described friction lining and the spring support point, such as in particular a brake holder support or a brake housing support. A third disclosed interpretation III A return spring according to the invention finally refers to a sliding plate integration.

[0042] This innovative return spring design initially defines a specific return spring characteristic based on a predefined preload spring force level A, which is positioned as an input or primary variable essentially at or just before the end of a Hookian spring characteristic range. This predefined preload spring force level is taut and simultaneously limited, allowing return spring assembly (for new assembly or friction lining replacement) without plastic return spring deformation.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is possible for the above-defined, predetermined preload force level as the relevant input variable to be directly followed by a constant, in the broadest sense plateau-shaped, operating spring characteristic section B, which is essentially characterized in that with increasing, continued, and therefore growing, spring deformation (spring travel or brake wear), a largely constant return spring force is predetermined, with the result that identical clearance behavior occurs. In other words, the defined preload force level A is followed by an operating characteristic range B with identical or largely linear-constantly defined force-displacement characteristic behavior, with the result that the clearance behavior essentially does not increase, or at least not significantly, because any increase in spring force is absorbed by a planned, plastic return spring deformation.It is important that the length of the quasi-constant operating characteristic range B is sufficiently dimensioned and adjusted so that the block characteristic range C is placed at a sufficient distance from the operating characteristic range B. This is because the beginning of the block characteristic range C is accompanied by a comparatively sharp increase in the force-displacement behavior, which is not compatible with the objectives of the present invention.

[0043] According to the invention, the operating spring characteristic range B is automatically sought as a result of continued brake wear. Consequently, the return spring force is defined to be largely constant across the entire operating characteristic range B. As a result, the driver / vehicle brake system receives a constant, wear-independent clearance behavior because a constant free travel is defined.

[0044] The goal is a particularly safe, innovative, and maintenance-friendly floating-caliper spot-padded disc brake with a reset device that offers advantageously enhanced properties compared to the relevant state of the art while avoiding its disadvantages. In particular, a robust solution for a constant clearance should be provided, so to speak, automatically, depending on any maintenance deficits or the condition of wear parts.

[0045] The present invention includes a return device which includes at least one spring leg which, on the one hand, is fixed with a base point to a back plate of a friction lining, which is guided in a brake carrier so as to be axially displaceable and non-rotatable, and on the other hand is seated with a free spring clip end on a support of a brake carrier, and wherein a predetermined defined force-displacement spring characteristic curve of the return device over the entire friction lining service life combines both a largely linear-elastic-reversible spring characteristic section and additionally a largely constant-plastic spring characteristic section in such a way that the return effect of this return device is essentially constant with advancing wear over the entire friction lining service life.

[0046] The present invention differs from all previous designs in that a particularly planned change in the design of a structural element or brake component - friction lining return spring - which is not a usual brake wear component in the narrower sense - is taken into account (particularly desired) in normal use. In In a completely diametrically opposed school of thought, it is therefore an essential measure of the present invention that an irreversible plastic deformation of the restoring device is systematically brought about within a predetermined, limited extent in order to bring about the constant, unchanged, desired system characteristic behavior over the friction lining wear path.

[0047] In In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the invention provides that the predetermined plastic deformation component is essentially dimensioned to match the wear rate of the friction components, i.e., to cumulatively match the friction lining wear and brake rotor wear. In other words, the missing wear volume of the friction components is automatically compensated for by the plastic deformation of the reset device without power.

[0048] Furthermore, additional components or parts of a return spring are disclosed, which disclose a one-piece component of a return spring made of sheet steel material obtained by forming, and wherein the return spring is fixed by a foot to a rear side of a back plate of a friction lining. InIn this context, the return spring component may, for example, comprise - independently of one another or alternatively in comprehensive or any desired combination with - and with one another - an additional spring leg for the purpose of additional springing in an alternative orientation direction with contact with a bracket or brake housing and / or an additional leg as a sliding aid or further springing measure for contact and / or support or springing in an alternative orientation direction on a bracket or brake housing.

[0049] The base of the return spring is advantageously riveted to the back of the back plate.

[0050] As a steel sheet semi-finished product for the implementation of the return spring according to the invention, a stainless high-alloy steel material is suitable as an example, such as X10CrNi18-8.

[0051] The drawing illustrates various variants of return springs, designed particularly efficiently using punching technology or by means of a jet (e.g., laser or waterjet cutting), which are individually yet easily modifiable and can be cut out. These mostly symmetrical shapes can be arranged directly adjacent to one another in a sheet metal strip pattern, thus saving material. All return spring sheet metal strips are formed into a basically bow-shaped spring coil shape in a third spatial z-dimension, which conforms to the sheet thickness to a certain extent, thus retaining the curved, angled sections.

[0052] Almost without exception, all return spring variants of a first generation of springs have a largely sheet metal strip-shaped, straight, slender - i.e. longer than wide - in other words cuboid-shaped - outer contour in the form of a compact, thin sheet steel strip (max. sheet thickness approximately 1.5 mm), each of which has a perforated foot section for rivet fixation with a matching flat support on the back of a back plate. In addition to its cuboid-shaped, closed, smoothed, box-shaped outer contour, each return spring blank has one or more window-shaped, cut-out internal recesses in its spring clip. The internal recesses can be connected to one another, or alternatively, several individual internal recesses can be formed separately from one another. These internal recesses in the spring clip primarily serve the purpose of, in conjunction with any work hardening that may be introduced in a controlled manner during spring production orWhen bending / winding into the required shape, the required operating characteristic section B with the required spring characteristic behavior must also be reproduced. Because a generous arc curvature implies only a relatively limited work hardening effect in a single bending process, additional measures are conceivable. For example, it is also possible for a semi-finished steel sheet strip or, for example, just an isolated, separated return spring strip, or locally limited zones of the individual return spring strip blank to undergo universal and / or locally limited plasticization in the Z-axis direction by roll planing / burnishing. This can serve the purpose of enabling, in addition to a planing or straightening effect for improving sheet strip flatness, an additional advantageous compressive stress introduction through thickness reduction / compression.

[0053] This plasticizing process, by rolling / leveling / burnishing, can be performed parallel, diagonally, or transversely relative to the sheet metal strip direction to achieve a systematically directed preferred orientation of the inherent compressive residual stresses in the friction lining return spring. Alternatively or additionally, each spring blank can be shot-peened for plasticizing, which can also significantly increase its fatigue strength. The strip-shaped return spring blanks, profiled in this way and preferably separated in a directionally direction, are plasticized if desired, and their window-shaped internal recesses are then sorted by machine. This is followed by defined radius bending with bending curvature in the z-direction, further machine sorting, and a positionally correct riveting process on an assigned back plate before the desired friction lining is completed.

[0054] The present invention relates equally and mutually independently of one another to a) a novel, plastically deformable return spring, b) to a friction lining with the plastically deformable return spring, c) to a motor vehicle disc brake which includes the said components, as well as to d) the use of a friction lining with the plastically deformable return spring according to the invention in a motor vehicle disc brake, and also e) to a friction lining manufacturing method. List of reference symbols

[0055] 1 Disc brake pad 2 Friction material 3 Backing plate 4 Friction pad return spring 5 Base 6 Return spring clip 7 Abutment 8 Bracket 9 Through hole 10 Profiling (open edge) 11 Radial spring component 12 Spring clip 13 Tangential spring component 14 Spring clip 15 Skid 16 Oscillating skid 17 Bucket / bucket 18 Anti-twist stop / support (VA) 19 Floating caliper brake housing 20 MGU (electric motor-gearbox unit) A,B,C,D Section α,β,γ,δ Pitch angle T Tangential direction R Radial direction Ax Axial direction (parallel to an imaginary wheel rotation axis Z) RS Friction pad center of gravity (theoretical resulting frictional force application) H1 Tangential bending axis H2 Radial bending axis

Claims

1. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) which is mountable in a holder (8) in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner in relation to an imaginary wheel axis of rotation, comprising friction material (2) which is fixed on the front side of a back plate (3), comprising a friction-lining restoring spring (4) which is fixed on the rear side of the back plate (3), wherein the friction-lining restoring spring (4) has a base (5) and a connected restoring-spring bow (6), which is bent into a spatial curve and incorporates elasticity, such that the restoring spring bow (6) is suitable and intended for being seated elastically prestressed on a counter-bearing (7) of the holder (8) during braking operation such that the motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1), as a result of restoring-spring force or spring prestress, in principle springs back in an axial direction from a brake actuation position, the friction-lining restoring spring (4) has a spring characteristic curve additively made up of multiple portions (A, B, C, D) that comprises multiple quasi-linear straight portions A, C, D and, incorporated in-between, at least one curved transition portion B, in each case comprising mutually differently defined gradient angles α,β,γ,δ, and wherein, among the portions, there is at least one part or portion B, C, D which is configured for at least partial plastic deformability and which, due to its predetermined and defined plastic deformation behaviour, serves to automatically allow demand-oriented spring-back on the basis of wear compensation (friction lining + brake disc), characterized in that the restoring-spring bow (6) of the friction-lining restoring spring (4), directed radially inwards with respect to a radial direction R with tangentially extending bending axis H1, is bent in a bow-shaped manner in such a way that the counter-bearing (7) is assigned to the restoring-spring bow (6) so as to be radially lower than the base (5).

2. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the friction-lining restoring spring (4) is designed to be at least regionally swept in a G-shaped curve.

3. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to either or both of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the restoring-spring bow (6) of the friction-lining restoring spring (4), directed tangentially outwards with respect to a tangential direction T with radially extending bending axis H2, is bent in a bow-shaped manner in such a way that the counter-bearing (7) is provided so as to be defined offset tangentially outwards and offset largely at the radial height of a friction-lining centre point.

4. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to one or more of Claims 1-3, characterized in that the friction-lining restoring spring (4) defines a single or multiple S-shaped and / or helically winding spring-bow curvature.

5. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to one or more of preceding Claims 1-4, characterized in that the friction-lining restoring spring (4) is cut from flat-steel material, and wherein, for the purpose of spring-characteristic-curve modification, said friction-lining restoring spring is sectionally provided as a frame with at least one passage opening (9) and / or with at least one profiling (10) that is open to the edge.

6. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to one or more of preceding Claims 1-5, characterized in that the friction-lining restoring spring (4) is formed as a multi-functional restoring-spring assembly in that the base (5) defines a centre, and wherein an end piece, directed radially at an angle, of the friction-lining restoring spring (4) defines the restoring-spring bow (6), and wherein a diametrically oppositely extending end piece of the friction-lining restoring spring (4) defines a radial spring component (11) integrated in one piece and / or a tangential spring component (13) integrated in one piece with at least one and / or multiple additional spring bows (12, 14).

7. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to one or more of preceding Claims 1-6, characterized in that a radial-force spring component (11) and / or a tangential-force spring component (13) are / is integrated in the force flow between the motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) and the holder (8) by means of the friction-lining restoring spring (4).

8. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to one or more of preceding Claims 1-7, characterized in that the friction-lining restoring spring (4) has at least one shoe designed as a sliding shoe (15) and / or floating shoe (16).

9. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to Claim 8, characterized in that, at its end piece, the shoe has an angled vane or a curved scoop (17) and / or a combination thereof.

10. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to Claim 6 or according to one of more of Claims 7-9 in combination with Claim 6, characterized in that the additional spring component (11, 13) is provided combined in one piece with the multi-functional restoring-spring assembly in that each spring component (11, 13) branches off from the multi-functional restoring-spring assembly as a separate spring bow.

11. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to Claim 6 or according to one of more of Claims 7-10 in combination with Claim 6, characterized in that the spring component (11, 13) and the restoring-spring bow (6) are provided so as to be bent in a manner orthogonally offset with respect to one another in relation to a blank strip image.

12. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to Claim 6 or according to one of more of Claims 7-11 in combination with Claim 6, characterized in that the spring component (11, 13) branches off from the base (5) and / or from the restoring-spring bow (6) of the multi-functional restoring-spring assembly.

13. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to Claim 6 or according to one of more of Claims 7-12 in combination with Claim 6, characterized in that at least one dynamically movable spring support is defined for coupling or support between the multi-functional restoring-spring assembly and the holder (8).

14. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to Claim 6 or according to one of more of Claims 7-13 in combination with Claim 6, characterized in that the multi-functional restoring-spring assembly, in a projected shadow casting, has a silhouette that is largely G-shaped, that is to say bent in the manner of a helical curve, and comprising two spring components (11, 13), including shoes, with mutually orthogonally directed force action in the radial force direction and in the axial force direction.

15. Motor-vehicle disc-brake lining (1) according to Claim 6 or according to one of more of Claims 7-14 in combination with Claim 6, characterized in that the multi-functional restoring-spring assembly, as a multi-functional spring component, is angled in a substantially T-shaped manner in a strip image and, in this respect, additionally defines an angled rotation-prevention stop leg / holder support VA (18).