Impact mill for crushing solids

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an impact mill for comminuting solids, in particular waste materials, and for separating composite materials made of metals, plastics, minerals and the like, comprising a rotor arranged on a machine base with a vertically arranged rotor shaft and a housing shell enclosing the rotor shaft at a distance, wherein the housing shell is provided on its inside with interchangeable impact ribs running in the axial direction of the rotor shaft and the rotor is provided with likewise interchangeable impact hammers opposite the impact ribs, and wherein the impact ribs and the impact hammers are each arranged substantially uniformly distributed over the circumference.

[0002] Such devices are known from the prior art and are used to separate composite materials, particularly to break them down. Composites of metal and plastics are of particular importance in this regard; however, composite materials consisting of different metals or different plastics can also be broken down. Separation is achieved by the physical properties of the individual components of the composite materials being different, resulting in different elastic or plastic deformation when the materials impact the impact ribs or impact hammers, resulting in separation.

[0003] WO 2013 / 167398 A1 discloses a device for mechanically comminuting material conglomerates of materials with different densities and / or consistencies, comprising a comminution chamber with an inlet side and an outlet side. The comminution chamber is surrounded by a circular, cylindrical and / or conically downwardly widening comminution chamber wall and has at least two axially successive sections, in each of which at least one rotor is arranged coaxially with the comminution chamber with impact tools extending radially into the comminution chamber during operation. Discharge ribs are arranged annularly at axial intervals on the inside of the comminution chamber wall and / or the radius of the comminution chamber wall increases from top to bottom. An air flow device for discharging a particle / air mixture from the comminution chamber is arranged in connection with the comminution chamber.

[0004] WO 2007 / 114444 A1 discloses a disposal device with a removable hammer mill-type comminution unit. The comminution unit is housed in a hopper. It comprises a turntable, a pivoting hammer installed on top of the turntable, and a comminution blade attached to the hopper. A pivoting support device is provided at the end of a drive shaft. When a locking ring is moved forward and backward, engagement balls are inserted into and released from an annular groove. By removing the pivoting device from the drive shaft, the turntable can be withdrawn from the hopper.

[0005] US 2009 / 159732 A1 shows that the rotor of an impact crusher has at least one star-shaped plate that can be attached to the rotor shaft. A plurality of hammer tools with blades are attached to each plate. The hammer tools are secured above and below the star plate by tool holders with hook-shaped ends that engage with the hammer tools. A corresponding adapter piece is inserted into the star plate between the two tool holders. A retaining bolt penetrates the two tool holders and the adapter piece. A safety slide secures the retaining bolt in position.

[0006] US 2016 / 144371 A1 shows a shredding device with a rotor and blower unit mounted in a housing. The cutting shaft and blower shaft are concentric and driven by separate motors. The housing is in two parts, with a dividing line running through the rotation axis, and is mounted on rollers. The cutting hammers are ping-pong bat-shaped. Deflectors are attached to the inside of the housing and to a deflector assembly on the outside of the housing. The deflectors are vertically and horizontally movable.

[0007] WO 2018 / 224118 A1 discloses a device for separating conglomerates consisting of materials of different densities, comprising a rotor chamber in which a rotor shaft is mounted for rotation about a vertical axis. Striking tools are arranged one below the other on the rotor shaft in at least two planes, which are set in rotation by the rotor shaft in such a way that the conglomerates introduced into the rotor chamber from above are grasped and separated by the striking tools. According to the invention, the rotor chamber widens conically downwards, and the outer radius of the striking tools increases from top to bottom in such a way that the distance between the radially outer end edges of the striking tools and the chamber wall facing them is essentially the same in the individual planes during operation.

[0008] The size of the resulting "granulate," which depends on the spatial conditions in the impact mill, also has a significant influence on the subsequent separation quality. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to adjust the spatial arrangement of the impact ribs and impact hammers, especially since the spacing also influences the wear of the impact tools during proper use, thus reducing the regularly required maintenance or replacement of the impact tools.

[0009] The invention is therefore based on the object of designing an impact mill of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the impact hammers are adjustable relative to the impact ribs and are accessible with little effort, whereby additional inspections, cleaning and any necessary replacement can be carried out easily and with little time expenditure.

[0010] This object is achieved according to the invention by an impact mill having the features of claim 1 in that the rotor has one or more axially offset rotor plates on which the impact hammers are pivotally and radially adjustable.

[0011] The advantage achieved by the invention is essentially that the radial adjustment of the impact hammers allows the distance between them and the impact ribs to be easily adapted to the material to be ground.

[0012] According to the invention, an adjusting disc is detachably arranged on each of the rotor plates for each impact hammer, on which each impact hammer is eccentrically arranged with a pivot pin. By turning the adjusting disc, a change in the mutual Away stands possible.

[0013] In order to be able to set defined distances without effort, the circumferential contour of the adjusting disc is advantageously formed by a regular polygon, whereby the adjusting disc can be connected to the rotor plate in a way that can be changed in its rotational position.

[0014] A suitable and therefore preferred design within the scope of the invention is chosen such that the adjusting disc is formed by a 12-sided polygon.

[0015] In order to optimally absorb the forces that occur, the rotor plates are provided with mounts for the rotationally fixed connection of the adjusting discs.

[0016] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous - also for easy replacement - if the impact hammers are provided with pincer-shaped connecting means that grip the rotor plate and are connected to the adjusting disc by means of a hinge pin.

[0017] To ensure easy access to the interior of the housing, the housing shell is formed by two separable housing halves, divided by a plane running along the axis of the rotor shaft. Dividing the housing shell into two halves allows for easy separation of the two housing halves, providing easy access not only to the inner walls of the housing shell, which are equipped with impact ribs, but also to the rotor with the impact hammers.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each housing half-shell is connected near its axially extending edge to a pivot shaft parallel to the rotor shaft. This allows the two housing half-shells to be easily pivoted open after separation, leaving the housing half-shells connected to the impact crusher for further processing, which facilitates inspection and mechanical work for replacing the impact ribs.

[0019] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the pivot shafts are mounted with their lower end on the machine base and with their upper end in a U-shaped machine frame that overlaps the machine base and is connected to it.

[0020] It is also advantageous if the housing half-shells are mounted on the pivot shafts so that they can be axially displaced. This makes it possible to lift the housing half-shells slightly from the machine base for pivoting.

[0021] In order to be able to absorb the high forces acting on the housing shell during operation, the invention provides that the housing half-shells are screwed to one another at their axially extending edges and / or to the machine base at their edge adjacent to the latter.

[0022] Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, the housing half-shells are closed at their edge facing away from the machine base by a semicircular cover, which is provided with a filling / air intake opening. In this way, the impact mill can be continuously fed with composite material to be separated.

[0023] Accordingly, it is provided that a material outlet / exhaust air opening is provided within the housing shell in the bottom of the machine base.

[0024] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the rotor shaft is mounted in a bearing on the machine base and on the machine frame between the pivot shafts.

[0025] The impact ribs advantageously rest in a groove in the door halves and alternately have different radial heights. Thus, the impact ribs, which project further radially inward, form suitable edges at which the composite material can be opened up.

[0026] Finally, it is advantageous if the distance between the impact hammers and the impact ribs decreases vertically downwards. This initially results in coarse shredding in the upper area, with the degree of shredding increasing due to the decreasing distance downwards. The material throughput can be increased by generating an air flow through the air inlet or exhaust opening.

[0027] The invention is explained in more detail below using an embodiment shown in the drawing; in which: Fig. 1 an impact mill according to the invention in the closed state, Fig. 2 the object according to Figure 1 with opened housing half-shells, Fig. 3 a separate representation of the rotor with the impact hammers, Fig. 4 a view of the inner surface of a single housing half-shell, Fig. 5 a detailed view of a rotor plate with the pivotally mounted impact hammers.

[0028] The impact mill shown in the drawing is used for comminuting solids, in particular waste materials, as well as for separating composite materials made of metals, plastics, minerals and the like.

[0029] For this purpose, the impact mill consists in detail of a rotor 2 arranged on a machine base 1 with a vertically arranged rotor shaft 3 and of a housing shell 4 enclosing the rotor shaft 3 at a distance.

[0030] In order to achieve comminution of the solids, the housing shell 4 is provided on its inside with replaceable impact ribs 5 running in the axial direction of the rotor shaft.

[0031] The rotor 2 is also provided with replaceable impact hammers 6 opposite the impact ribs 5. The impact ribs 5 and the impact hammers 6 are each arranged substantially uniformly distributed over the circumference.

[0032] For this purpose, the rotor 2 has Fig. 3 one or more axially offset rotor plates 13 on which the impact hammers 6 are pivotally and radially adjustable.

[0033] Specifically, a releasably mounted adjusting disc 14 for each impact hammer 6 is provided on each of the rotor plates 13, on which adjusting disc each impact hammer 6 is eccentrically mounted by means of a pivot pin. This allows the impact hammers 6 to avoid individual, very hard materials, thus preventing the rotor 2 from jamming. This also allows for easy replacement of the impact hammers 6 by loosening the pivot pin.

[0034] As from the Fig. 5 As can be seen, the circumferential contour of the adjusting disc 14 is formed by a regular polygon, wherein the adjusting disc 14 can be connected to the rotor plate 13 in a changeable manner in its rotational position.

[0035] In principle, the number of corners of the polygon can be chosen largely arbitrarily; in the exemplary embodiment, the adjusting disc 14 is formed by a 12-sided polygon.

[0036] In order to securely mount the adjusting discs 14 on the rotor plate 13, the rotor plates 13 are provided with receptacles for the rotationally fixed connection of the adjusting discs 14 in a manner not shown in detail.

[0037] Furthermore, from the Fig. 5 It can be seen that the impact hammers 6 are provided with pincer-shaped connecting means which encompass the rotor plate 13 on both sides and are connected to the adjusting disc by means of a hinge pin.

[0038] As can be seen in particular from the Figure 2As can be seen, the housing shell 4 is formed by two separable housing half-shells 4.1, 4.2, which are divided by a plane running along the axis of the rotor shaft 3. This creates two equally sized housing half-shells 4.1, 4.2, which can be easily separated from each other for maintenance work.

[0039] How further from the Figures 1 and 2 As can be seen, each of the two housing half-shells 4.1, 4.2 is connected near its axially extending edge to a pivot shaft 7 parallel to the rotor shaft 3. The pivot shafts 7 are mounted with their lower end on the machine base 1 and with their upper end on a U-shaped machine frame 8, which is connected to the machine base 1 and overlaps it.

[0040] To allow the housing half-shells 4.1, 4.2 to be easily pivoted open, they are mounted on pivot shafts 7 for axial displacement. This facilitates opening by slightly lifting the housing half-shells 4.1, 4.2, especially when crushed solids have penetrated between the lower edge of the housing half-shell and the machine base, which could generate friction during opening.

[0041] In order to be able to absorb the high forces occurring during operation, the housing halves 4.1, 4.2 are screwed to each other at their axial edges and / or to the machine base 1 at their edge. As can be seen from the Figures 1 to 3As can be seen, the housing half-shells 4.1, 4.2 are closed at their edge facing away from the machine base 1 by a semicircular cover 9. This cover 9 has a filling opening 10, which serves, on the one hand, for filling in the solids to be shredded; at the same time, this opening 10 can also be used for supply air.

[0042] In a corresponding manner, an outlet opening 11 is provided within the housing shell 4 in the bottom of the machine base 1, through which the shredded material and the exhaust air can be discharged.

[0043] The rotor shaft 3 is also mounted in a bearing 12 on the machine base 1 on the one hand and on the machine frame 8 on the other hand between the pivot shafts 7.

[0044] The impact ribs 5 rest in a groove of the housing half-shells 4.1, 4.2 in a manner not shown in detail in the drawing and have alternately a different radial height, so that the impact rib 5 projecting radially inwards in each case serves to crush the solids.

[0045] Finally, the arrangement of the impact hammers 6 is selected such that the distance between them and the impact ribs 5 decreases vertically downwards, so that a continuous comminution of the solids takes place on the way from the filling opening 10 at the top to the outlet opening at the bottom.

Claims

1. Impact mill for comminuting solids, in particular waste materials, and for separating composite materials made of metals, plastics, minerals, and the like, consisting of a rotor (2) which is arranged on a machine base (1) and has a vertically arranged rotor shaft (3), and a housing casing (4) surrounding the rotor shaft (3) at a distance, the housing casing (4) being provided on the inner side thereof with exchangeable impact ribs (5) extending in the axial direction of the rotor shaft (3), and the rotor (2) being provided with striking hammers (6) which are also exchangeable and are opposite the impact ribs (5), and the impact ribs (5) and the striking hammers (6) each being arranged so as to be distributed substantially uniformly over the circumference, the rotor (2) having one or more axially offset rotor plates (13) on which the striking hammers (6) are pivotably and radially adjustably mounted, characterized in that on each of the rotor plates (13) for each striking hammer (6) an adjusting disk (14) is detachably arranged, on which each striking hammer (6) is arranged eccentrically with a hinge pin.

2. Impact mill according to claim 1, characterized in that the circumferential contour of the adjusting disk (14) is formed by a regular polygon, the adjusting disk (14) being connectable to the rotor plate (13) so that it can be changed in the rotational position thereof.

3. Impact mill according to claim 2, characterized in that the adjusting disk (14) is formed by a 12-sided polygon,4. Impact mill according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotor plates (13) are provided with receptacles for rotationally fixedly connecting the adjusting disks (14).

5. Impact mill according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the striking hammers (6) are provided with pincer-shaped connecting means which engage around the rotor plate (13) on both sides and are connected to the adjusting disk (14) by means of a hinge pin.

6. Impact mill according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the housing casing (4) is formed by two mutually separable housing half-shells (4.1, 4.2) which are divided by a plane extending in the axis of the rotor shaft (3).

7. Impact mill according to claim 6, characterized in that each housing half-shell (4.1, 4.2), close to the axially extending edge thereof, is connected to a pivot shaft (7) parallel to the rotor shaft (3).

8. Impact mill according to claim 7, characterized in that the pivot shafts (7) are mounted with their lower end on the machine base (1) and with their upper end in a U-shaped machine frame (8) which spans the machine base (1) and is connected thereto.

9. Impact mill according to either claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that the housing half-shells (4.1, 4.2) are mounted on the pivot shafts (7) so as to be axially movable.

10. Impact mill according to claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the housing half-shells (4.1, 4.2) are screwed to one another at the axially extending edges thereof and / or at the edge thereof that abuts the machine base (1).

11. Impact mill according to claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the housing half-shells (4.1, 4.2) are closed at the edge thereof that faces away from the machine base (1) by a semicircular cover (9), the cover (9) being provided with a filling / air supply opening (10).

12. Impact mill according to claims 6 to 11, characterized in that a material outlet / exhaust air opening (11) is provided within the housing casing (4) in the bottom of the machine base (1).

13. Impact mill according to claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the rotor shaft (3) is mounted in a bearing (12) on the machine base (1) and on the machine frame (8) between the pivot shafts (7).

14. Impact mill according to claims 6 to 13, characterized in that the impact ribs (5) rest in a groove of the housing half-shells (4.1, 4.2) and alternately have a different radial height.

15. Impact mill according to claims 6 to 14, characterized in that the distance between the striking hammers (6) and the impact ribs (5) decreases vertically downward.