TIRE WITH A DEVICE COMPLIMENT COMPREHENSIVE OF AN ELECTRODE LAYER AND A RUBBER LAYER AS WELL AS THE USE OF THE TIRE AND THE DEVICE IN A TIRE

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a tire comprising a device, wherein the device comprises an electrode layer and a rubber layer. The invention also relates to the use of the device in a tire or the use of the tire.

[0002] Sensors are playing an increasingly important role in today's automotive industry. They can help monitor the material properties during the manufacturing or use of various car parts, such as tires.

[0003] When measuring tire properties while driving, it is often necessary to attach sensors at various points on the wheel or tire to directly measure changes in material properties or acting forces. The size and placement of the sensors also play a role and should be as advantageous as possible to avoid causing additional problems, such as excessively increasing rolling resistance.

[0004] Furthermore, sensors on the wheel or tire often require a power source. Connecting to and positioning the power source in a suitable location further complicates the installation of a sensor at the intended location.

[0005] In the prior art, DE 10200603769 A1 discloses a "circuit module comprising at least: a substrate (2a, 2b; 102a, 102b) on or in which at least one component (6, 11, 12, 13) is mounted, a piezo element (3) having at least one clamping area (3a, 3b) and at least one oscillation area (3b, 3a), wherein the piezo element (3) is clamped in its clamping area (3a, 3b) on the substrate (2a, 2b; 102a, 102b) or a means attached to the substrate and the at least one oscillation area (3b, 3a) is oscillatively mounted, contacts (10) provided on the piezo element (3) for receiving a piezo voltage (Up), and a power supply circuit (12, 13) which supplies the voltage supplied by the piezo element (3) receives generated piezo voltage (Up) and serves as a voltage source to power the circuit module (1, 101)" known (see claim 1).

[0006] CN106961228A discloses a multifunctional, friction-generating tire, a sensor based on it, and a power supply unit, and belongs to the technology field of friction force generators. The power-generating tire consists of a tire body and a conductive layer element.

[0007] Furthermore, KR20190010966A discloses a triboelectric generator capable of autonomously generating electrical energy. According to one embodiment, the triboelectric generator comprises a first charged material with a plurality of pores whose shape is changed by an external force, an insulating layer inserted into the first charged material, a second charged material surrounded by the insulating layer, and a wiring unit connecting the first charged material and the second charged material.

[0008] Furthermore, CN109304991A discloses a wireless tire pressure monitoring system comprising friction nanometer current generators and a wireless tire pressure monitoring unit, wherein the friction nanometer current generators are arranged between an inner tube and an outer casing of a tire. One objective of the invention is to provide a tire that includes a device capable of charging energy storage devices attached to the tire or wheel for operating various sensors. This device should be an integral part of the tire and not an additionally incorporated module, and / or improve the charging speed for charging the attached energy storage device for operating various sensors. Another objective was to increase the voltage generated in the tire for charging an energy storage device.

[0009] This problem is solved according to the invention by a tire having the features of claim 1.

[0010] The invention also relates to the use of a tire according to claim 13.

[0011] Preferred embodiments of the tire according to the invention are part of dependent claims.

[0012] Within the scope of the present invention, a tire according to the invention is preferably a vehicle tire, and particularly preferably a pneumatic vehicle tire. Furthermore, a tire according to the invention can also comprise several devices as described above or below in order to advantageously utilize several locations in the tire as a voltage source.

[0013] A major achievement of the present invention was the discovery that energy storage devices within a tire can be charged by arranging an electrically conductive layer radially within an electrically non-conductive rubber layer, the latter being in contact with the road surface. Without wishing to be bound to any specific scientific theory, the present invention appears to be based on triboelectric effects rather than piezoelectric effects. It is assumed that the periodic compression of the electrode layer and the rubber layer at the contact patch of a rolling tire according to the invention causes a voltage change in the electrode material, which then returns to zero when the tire leaves the contact patch.It is a great achievement of the present invention to have recognized that this periodic voltage change can be used as an alternating current source and, with a suitable circuit, such as a Grätz circuit, also as a direct current source.

[0014] What is particularly surprising here is that a device based on this principle can be integrated into a tire without the need to integrate additional circumferential layers into the tire.

[0015] Unless otherwise specified, the term "tension between layers" always refers to the tension that exists between the electrode layer and the rubber layer of a device of a tire according to the invention.

[0016] Within the scope of the present invention, the expression "arranged one above the other" means in particular that the two layers follow each other in the radial direction and in the axial direction respectively, wherein the contact surface between the two layers is mainly perpendicular to the radial direction and to the axial direction of the tire respectively.

[0017] Within the scope of the present invention, the ground contact area of ​​a tire is preferably the surface of the rubber layer of the tire's tread, which, during normal rolling of the tire, is in direct contact with the ground, particularly preferably with the road surface, thus constituting a ground contact area or road surface contact area. Preferably, the rubber layer of a device of a tire according to the invention extends axially along the entire ground contact area of ​​the tire. Also preferably, the rubber layer of a device of a tire according to the invention extends circumferentially along the entire ground contact area of ​​the tire, i.e., completely around the entire tire according to the invention.

[0018] A tire is preferably equipped with a device as described above, or as preferably described above, wherein the difference between the specific triboelectric affinity of the rubber layer and the specific triboelectric affinity of bitumen according to DIN EN 12597, as an example for the asphalt surface course, is at least 20 nC / J, preferably at least 40 nC / J, and particularly preferably at least 60 nC / J, measured at 20°C and 35% relative humidity. An asphalt mixture according to DIN EN 13108-1 could also be used instead of bitumen according to DIN EN 12597.

[0019] An advantage of the aspect of the present invention described above is that it has a sufficiently large difference in terms of the specific triboelectric affinity compared to the road surface and can therefore transfer a particularly large number of electrons when the road surface is in contact with the rubber layer of the tire according to the invention in the second state.

[0020] The measurement of the specific triboelectric affinity of an intermediate material was carried out at atmospheric pressure and 22°C, in accordance with the preceding invention. A sample consisting of an intermediate material with an area of ​​1 cm x 1 cm, hereinafter referred to as the intermediate material sample, and a reference sample made of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber with an area of ​​1 cm x 2 cm were provided. The reference sample was attached to a copper contact with the same area of ​​1 cm x 2 cm, covering its entire surface. The intermediate material sample and the reference sample were electrostatically neutralized using an Exair "7006 AC GEN4 Ionizing Bar". Subsequently, the intermediate material sample was placed over one end of the reference sample, covering its entire surface.The sample materials, with a combined surface area of ​​1 cm², were then pressed edge-to-edge with a force of 0.1 N. While this force was applied, the intermediate material sample was pulled from one end of the reference sample to the other, covering a distance of 1 cm. After sufficient separation of the intermediate and reference samples, the resulting voltage between them was measured using an AlphaLab Surface DC Voltmeter SVM2 from AlphaLab Inc. and the intermediate material sample was placed on a corresponding copper contact with an area of ​​1 cm x 1 cm. The reciprocal of the voltage value measured between the two contacts yields the specific triboelectric affinity of the intermediate material as described above.

[0021] A tire according to the invention is preferably one as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the device has a first and a second electrode layer as well as a first and a second rubber layer, wherein the first electrode layer and the first rubber layer in the tread are arranged one above the other, the second electrode layer and the second rubber layer in the bead area are arranged one above the other, the surface of the first rubber layer opposite the first electrode layer comprises at least a part of the ground contact area and the surface of the second rubber layer opposite the second electrode layer comprises at least a part of the rim contact area of ​​the tire.

[0022] A tire according to the invention is preferred as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the device is suitable for to charge at least one energy storage device, such as a battery or accumulator, wherein the energy storage device can be attached to the tire or to a rim for mounting the tire, and / or the device is designed to generate an electrical voltage between the layers by varying the pressure on the layers.

[0023] An advantage of the aspect of the present invention described above is that a battery attached to the tire or wheel, encompassing the tire, can be charged and thus serve as a power supply for sensors located in the tire. This eliminates the need for an external power supply that does not rotate with the tire or wheel. This addresses a long-standing need in the prior art.

[0024] A tire according to the invention is preferably as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein, apart from the electrode layer, the tire comprises exclusively layers with an electrical conductivity of less than 0.0001 S / m at 20 °C, preferably exclusively layers with an electrical conductivity of less than 0.00001 S / m at 20 °C.

[0025] A tire according to the invention is preferably one as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the electrode layer of the tire has an electrical conductivity of more than 0.01 S / m at 20 °C or in the range of 0.01 S / m to 100,000 S / m at 20 °C, preferably exclusively layers with an electrical conductivity of more than 0.1 S / m at 20 °C or in the range of 0.1 S / m to 10,000 S / m at 20 °C.

[0026] A tire according to the invention is preferably as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the electrode layer is applied directly to the rubber layer and / or no further layer is present between the electrode layer and the rubber layer.

[0027] A tire according to the invention is preferably as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the rubber of the rubber layer has a relative permittivity in the range of 1 to 5, preferably in the range of 2.25 to 4, particularly preferably in the range of 2.44 to 3.5, especially most preferably in the range of 2.45 to 3, and most preferably in the range of 2.47 to 2.80, measured at 60 °C and a frequency of 10 Hz.

[0028] An advantage of the aspect of the present invention described above is that a device of a tire according to the invention delivers more energy per revolution of the tire if the rubber of the rubber layer of a tire according to the invention has a higher permittivity. This is demonstrated below for various types of rubber with experimental data.

[0029] A preferred tire according to the invention is as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the surface of the rubber layer opposite the electrode layer forms mainly the ground contact surface or the entire ground contact surface of the tire and / or the electrode layer comprises at least two, preferably four, electrically insulated electrode layer sections.

[0030] An advantage of the aspect of the present invention described above is that, when the rubber layer completely surrounds a tire according to the invention, charges are displaced at every point during the rolling of the tire, thus generating a corresponding voltage by means of a device within the tire according to the invention. In this way, a higher current per revolution of a tire according to the invention can be generated. The effect of the aspect of the present invention described above is further enhanced if several electrically insulated electrode layer sections are present on the radially inner surface of the complete rubber layer, wherein the electrode layer section located at the contact patch of a rolling tire according to the invention has a different electrical voltage compared to the other electrode sections.The resulting voltage difference between the different electrode layer sections can be used as an alternating current source in a tire according to the invention.

[0031] A preferred tire according to the invention is as described above, or as described above as preferred, wherein the electrode layer or each electrode layer section of the device has a power supply circuit for connection to the contacts for taking off an electrical voltage present between the layers, wherein the power supply circuit which can absorb the electrical voltage generated between the layers and has a rectifier unit consisting of a rectifier with an energy storage device for intermediate storage of the energy of the electrical voltage present between the layers, preferably the rectifier is a half-wave rectifier.

[0032] An advantage of the aspect of the present invention described above is that the energy gained by the charge displacement can be stored without having to expend additional energy for charge control.

[0033] A preferred tire according to the invention is as described above, or as described above as preferred, wherein the electrode layer or each electrode layer section of the device has a power supply circuit for connection to the contacts for taking off an electrical voltage present between the layers, wherein the power supply circuit which can absorb the electrical voltage generated between the layers and has a rectifier unit, preferably a rectifier unit consisting of a full-wave rectifier with an earthing connection and with an energy storage device for intermediate storage of the energy of the electrical voltage present between the layers.

[0034] An advantage of the aspect of the present invention described above is that each individual electrode layer section can be used as an alternating current source.

[0035] A preferred tire according to the invention is as described above, or as described above as preferred, wherein each of the two opposing electrode layer sections of the device has a power supply circuit for connection to the contacts for taking off an electrical voltage present between the layers, wherein the power supply circuit which can absorb the electrical voltage generated between the layers and has a rectifier unit, preferably a rectifier unit consisting of a full-wave rectifier connecting the two said electrode layer sections with an energy storage device for intermediate storage of the energy of the electrical voltage present between the layers.

[0036] An advantage of the aspect of the present invention described above is that the maximum voltage that can be generated in the device of a tire according to the invention is independent of the grounding, i.e., independent of the voltage potential of the ground contact surface on which a tire according to the invention is used. Here, two opposing electrode layer sections are used as an alternating current source. The generated voltage is maximized by the contact of two opposing electrode layer sections in a tire according to the invention.

[0037] A preferred tire according to the invention is as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the electrode material of the electrode layer consists of a solid material, wherein the solid material comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of metal, ceramic, alloys and rubber, wherein metal and rubber are preferred, wherein copper and aluminum are preferred as metals and the rubbers NR, IR, ENR, BR, SBR, SSBR, PDMS, ESBR and epichlorohydrin are particularly preferred as rubbers.

[0038] Such a device enables an even greater energy density compared to devices for other devices described above and especially compared to devices for non-inventive tires.

[0039] In the tire according to the invention as described above or as preferably described above, the electrode material of the electrode layer or electrode layer sections comprises a rubber comprising NR, IR, ENR, BR, SBR, SSBR, PDMS, ESBR and epichlorohydrin or mixtures thereof and at least one filler, wherein one filler is carbon black.

[0040] Within the scope of the present invention, the term carbon black also includes, in particular, graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs).

[0041] Such a device enables an even greater energy density compared to devices for other devices described above and especially compared to devices for non-inventive tires.

[0042] A tire according to the invention is preferably as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the at least one filler in the electrode layer or in one or each electrode section is present in a total quantity in the range of 1 phr to 200 phr, preferably in the range of 5 phr to 190 phr, particularly preferably in the range of 5 phr to 150 phr, in each case based on the total mass of the rubber of the electrode layer.

[0043] Such a device enables an even greater energy density compared to devices for other devices described above and especially compared to devices for non-inventive tires.

[0044] A tire according to the invention is preferably one as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the rubber layer comprises at least one filler.

[0045] Such a device enables an even greater energy density compared to devices for other devices described above and especially compared to devices for non-inventive tires.

[0046] A preferred tire according to the invention is as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the at least one filler of the rubber layer is silica, wherein the at least one filler is present in a total amount in the range of 0.1 phr to 50 phr, preferably in the range of 1 phr to 30 phr, particularly preferably in the range of 2 phr to 25 phr, and most preferably in the range of 3 phr to 20 phr, in each case based on the total mass of the rubber layer.

[0047] Such a device enables an even greater energy density compared to devices for other devices described above and especially compared to devices for non-inventive tires.

[0048] A tire according to the invention is preferably as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the at least one filler in the rubber layer is carbon black and / or silica, wherein carbon black is preferred and preferably in a total amount in the range of 0.1 phr to 60 phr, preferably in the range of 1 phr to 30 phr, particularly preferably in the range of 2 phr to 20 phr, in each case based on the total mass of the rubber layer.

[0049] Such a device enables an even greater energy density compared to devices for other devices described above and especially compared to devices for non-inventive tires.

[0050] A preferred tire according to the invention is as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein one or one of the several rubbers of the rubber layer is selected from the group consisting of rubber, polyester, polyethylene, polyethylene terphthalates, polypropylene, polystyrene, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, poly(organo)siloxanes, vulcanized rubber particles, fillers and mixtures thereof, wherein the rubbers NR, ENR, BR, SBR, SSBR, PDMS, ESBR and epichlorohydrin are preferred.

[0051] Such a device enables an even greater energy density compared to devices for other devices described above and especially compared to devices for non-inventive tires.

[0052] A tire according to the invention is preferably one as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the rubber layer comprises SBR and / or PDMS, preferably comprises SBR, or consists mainly or entirely of SBR or PDMS, preferably consists exclusively of SBR.

[0053] Such a device enables an even greater energy density compared to devices for other devices described above and especially compared to devices for non-inventive tires.

[0054] A tire according to the invention is preferably as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the surface of the rubber layer in contact with the electrode layer has a surface roughness Ra in the range of 0.1 µm to 500 µm, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 100 µm, particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 50 µm, and most preferably in the range of 1 to 5 µm, measured according to DIN EN ISO 4288:1998.

[0055] Such a device enables an even greater energy density compared to devices for other devices described above and especially compared to devices for non-inventive tires.

[0056] A tire according to the invention is preferably as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the rubber layer has a layer thickness in the range of 0.1 to 800 mm, preferably in the range of 1 mm to 250 mm or from 5 to 150 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 120 mm.

[0057] Such a device enables an even greater energy density compared to devices for other devices described above and especially compared to devices for non-inventive tires.

[0058] A preferred tire according to the invention is as described above, or as described above as preferred, wherein the central axis of the device extends in a radial direction, and wherein the rubber layer and the electrode layer are arranged in the tread of the tire, and wherein the surface of the rubber layer opposite the electrode layer comprises at least a portion of the tire's ground contact area. A radially extending central axis of a device for a vehicle pneumatic tire according to the invention is, for example, shown below. Figure 1 shown. Within the scope of the present invention, at least one central axis extends in a radial direction at one point of such a device.

[0059] An advantage of the aspect of the present invention described above is that the relatively large area of ​​the ground contact surface of a tire according to the invention can be used to change the voltage and thus to move as many electrons as possible.

[0060] A tire according to the invention is preferably as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the central axis of the device runs in the axial direction and wherein the rubber layer and the electrode layer are arranged in the bead area of ​​the tire and wherein the surface of the rubber layer opposite the electrode layer comprises at least a part of the rim contact area of ​​the tire.

[0061] An advantage of the aspect of the present invention described above is that energy can be harvested via the rim contact patch of a tire according to the invention, such as the rim strip, and thus the tread of a tire according to the invention can be optimized with regard to other important parameters such as braking or cornering behavior. A further advantage is that the metal of the rim can also be used as an electrode for the electrode layer of the device of a tire according to the invention, and thus not only can more electrons be transferred, but a higher voltage change can also be achieved compared to a tire according to the invention in which the device is mounted in the tread.

[0062] The inventive idea of ​​the aspect of the present invention described above is the same mode of operation as described above for a device in a tread of a tire according to the invention. Depending on whether the part of the rim contact patch is located between the road surface and the rim or above it between the rim and the vehicle, a different pressure is exerted on the device of a tire according to the invention. This variation in pressure on the device of a tire according to the invention, as described above, alters the voltage between these two layers through triboelectric effects, which can be used as an alternating current source.

[0063] Within the scope of the present invention, at least one central axis extends in the axial direction at one point of such a device.

[0064] A preferred tire according to the invention is as described above, or as described above as preferred, wherein the electrode layer or each electrode layer section of the device has a power supply circuit for connection to the contacts for taking off an electrical voltage present between the layers, wherein the power supply circuit can absorb an electrical voltage generated between the layers and has a rectifier unit, preferably a rectifier unit consisting of a full-wave rectifier connected to the electrode layer or to an electrode layer section, with a contact for a rim and with an energy storage device for intermediate storage of the energy of an electrical voltage generated between a rim and the electrode layer or the electrode layer section.

[0065] Four exceptionally preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below: A tire according to the invention comprising a device as described above or as described above as preferred is particularly preferred, wherein the device comprises an electrode layer and a rubber layer as well as contacts provided on the layers for taking off an electrical voltage present between the layers, characterized in that a) the electrode layer has an electrical conductivity of at least 0.001 S / m at 20 °C, b) the rubber layer consists of SBR or PDMS and has an electrical conductivity of less than 10⁻⁵ S / m at 20 °C, where The electrode layer and the rubber layer in the tread of the tire are arranged one above the other, the surface of the rubber layer opposite the electrode layer fully forms the ground contact surface of the tire, and the electrode layer comprises four electrically isolated electrode layer sections, two opposing electrode layer sections of the device are electrically connected via a power supply circuit for connection to the contacts for taking off an electrical voltage present between the layers, wherein the power supply circuit can receive the electrical voltage generated between the layers and has a rectifier unit consisting of a full-wave rectifier connecting the two said opposing electrode layer sections with an energy storage device for intermediate storage of the energy of the electrical voltage present between the layers.The rubber of the rubber layer has a relative permittivity in the range of 2.25 to 3, measured at 60 °C and a frequency of 10 Hz, the device being suitable for charging at least one energy storage device, such as a battery or accumulator, the energy storage device being suitable for mounting on the tire or on a rim for mounting the tire, and the electrode material of the electrode layer sections comprising carbon black as a filler and a rubber comprising NR, IR, ENR, BR, SBR, SSBR, PDMS, ESBR and epichlorohydrin or mixtures thereof, the carbon black being present in a total amount in the range of 5 phr to 190 phr, based on the total mass of the rubber of the rubber layer.

[0066] A tire comprising a device is particularly preferred, wherein the device comprises an electrode layer and a rubber layer as well as contacts provided on the layers for taking off an electrical voltage present between the layers, characterized in that a) the electrode layer has an electrical conductivity of at least 0.001 S / m at 20 °C, b) the rubber layer consists of SBR or PDMS and has an electrical conductivity of less than 10⁻⁵ S / m at 20 °C, where The electrode layer and the rubber layer are arranged one above the other in the tread of the tire, the surface of the rubber layer opposite the electrode layer fully forms the ground contact surface of the tire, and the electrode layer comprises four electrically isolated electrode layer sections, each electrode layer section of the device has a power supply circuit for connection to the contacts for receiving an electrical voltage present between the layers, wherein the power supply circuit can receive the electrical voltage generated between the two layers, and has a rectifier unit consisting of a full-wave rectifier with an earth connection and with an energy storage device for intermediate storage of the energy of the electrical voltage present between the layers, the rubber of the rubber layer has a relative permittivity in the range of 2.25 to 3.measured at 60 °C and a frequency of 10 Hz, wherein the device is suitable for charging at least one energy storage device, such as a battery or accumulator, wherein one energy storage device can be attached to the tire or to a rim for mounting the tire, and the electrode material of the electrode layer sections comprises carbon black as a filler and a rubber comprising NR, IR, ENR, BR, SBR, SSBR, PDMS, ESBR and epichlorohydrin or mixtures thereof, wherein the carbon black is present in a total amount in the range of 5 phr to 190 phr, based on the total mass of the rubber of the rubber layer.

[0067] A tire comprising a device is particularly preferred, wherein the device comprises an electrode layer and a rubber layer as well as contacts provided on the layers for taking off an electrical voltage present between the layers, characterized in that a) the electrode layer consists of and has an electrical conductivity of at least 0.001 S / m at 20 °C, b) the rubber layer consists of SBR or PDMS and has an electrical conductivity of less than 10⁻⁵ S / m at 20 °C, where the electrode layer and the rubber layer are arranged one above the other in the tread of the tire, the surface of the rubber layer opposite the electrode layer comprises at least a part of the tire's ground contact area, the surface of the rubber layer opposite the electrode layer fully forms the tire's ground contact area, and the electrode layer comprises four electrically isolated electrode layer sections, each electrode layer section of the device having a power supply circuit for connection to the contacts for taking off an electrical voltage present between the layers,wherein the power supply circuit can absorb the electrical voltage generated between the layers and comprises a rectifier unit consisting of a half-wave rectifier with an energy storage device for intermediate storage of the energy of the electrical voltage present between the layers, the rubber of the rubber layer having a relative conductivity in the range of 2.25 to 3, measured at 60 °C and a frequency of 10 Hz, wherein the device is suitable for charging at least one energy storage device, such as a battery or accumulator, wherein one energy storage device can be attached to the tire or to a rim for mounting the tire, and the electrode material of the electrode layer sections comprises carbon black as a filler and a rubber comprising NR, IR, ENR, BR, SBR, SSBR, PDMS, ESBR and epichlorohydrin or mixtures thereof, wherein the carbon black is present in a total quantity in the range of 5 phr to 190 phr,based on the total mass of the rubber in the rubber layer.

[0068] A tire comprising a device is particularly preferred, wherein the device comprises an electrode layer and a rubber layer as well as contacts provided on the layers for taking off an electrical voltage present between the layers, characterized in that a) the electrode layer has an electrical conductivity of at least 0.001 S / m at 20 °C, b) the rubber layer consists of SBR or PDMS and has an electrical conductivity of less than 10⁻⁵ S / m at 20 °C, where The electrode layer and the rubber layer are arranged one above the other in the bead area of ​​the tire, the surface of the rubber layer opposite the electrode layer fully forms the rim contact surface of the tire, the electrode layer of the device has a power supply circuit for connection to the contacts for receiving an electrical voltage present between the electrode layer and the rim, wherein the power supply circuit can receive the electrical voltage generated between the layers, and a rectifier unit consisting of a full-wave rectifier contacted with the electrode layer and the rim, comprising an energy storage device for intermediate storage of the energy of the electrical voltage present between the layers, the rubber of the rubber layer has a relative humidity in the range of 2.25 to 3, measured at 60 °C and a frequency of 10 Hz.wherein the device is suitable for charging at least one energy storage device, such as a battery or accumulator, wherein one energy storage device can be attached to the tire or to a rim for mounting the tire, and wherein the electrode material of the electrode layer sections comprises carbon black as a filler and a rubber comprising NR, IR, ENR, BR, SBR, SSBR, PDMS, ESBR and epichlorohydrin or mixtures thereof, wherein the carbon black is present in a total quantity in the range of 5 phr to 190 phr, based on the total mass of the rubber of the respective electrode layer section. Character description:

[0069] It shows: Figure 1: A perspective view of a cross-section of a vehicle pneumatic tire according to the invention in a first embodiment, comprising an electrode layer and a rubber layer in the tread and a battery which is mounted on the inside of the vehicle pneumatic tire opposite the tread; Figure 2: A radial section view of a schematically represented vehicle pneumatic tire according to the invention in a further embodiment comprising an electrode layer and a rubber layer in the bead area and two batteries, wherein one battery is mounted on the inside of the tire in the bead area of ​​the vehicle pneumatic tire and the other battery is mounted on the rim on which the tire is mounted; Figure 3: A radial section view of a schematically represented vehicle pneumatic tire according to the invention in a further embodiment with a tread comprising batteries on the rim and two SBR layers as rubber layers on the rim strip on the rim; Figure 4: A schematically represented circuit for a power supply circuit of a vehicle pneumatic tire according to the invention in a further embodiment, wherein the power supply circuit comprises a rectifier unit consisting of a full-wave rectifier with a ground connection and an energy storage device for intermediate storage of the energy of the electrical voltage present between the layers; Figure 5: A schematically represented circuit for a power supply circuit of a vehicle pneumatic tire according to the invention in a further embodiment, wherein the power supply circuit comprises a rectifier unit consisting of a full-wave rectifier connecting the two electrode layer sections with an energy storage device for intermediate storage of the energy of the electrical voltage present between the layers;Figure 6: A schematically represented circuit for a power supply circuit of a vehicle pneumatic tire according to the invention in a further embodiment, wherein the power supply circuit comprises a rectifier unit consisting of a full-wave rectifier connecting the electrode layer and the rim with an energy storage device for intermediate storage of the energy of the electrical voltage present between the layers.

[0070] Figure 1 Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a cross-section of a vehicle pneumatic tire 5 according to the invention, which comprises a rubber layer 2 and an electrode layer 1 in the tread 16. The area of ​​the vehicle pneumatic tire 5 shown with the dashed outline is also shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Shown enlarged.

[0071] The rubber layer 2 forms the radially outer part of the tread, which also includes the ground contact surface 3. Also shown is the central axis 7 of the device, comprising the rubber layer 2 and the electrode layer 1, with the central axis 7 perpendicular to the ground contact surface 3. A further rubber component 12 in the tread 16 and the rim contact surface 4 of the tire 5 are also visible.

[0072] Figure 2Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a vehicle pneumatic tire 5 according to the invention with a rim 11, wherein the rubber layer 2 forms the tread 16 of the vehicle tire 5. The rubber layer 2 comprises the contact patch 3. Also shown is the electrode layer 1, which forms part of the central section 9 of the tire 5. The central axis 7 of the device, comprising the rubber layer 2 and the electrode layer 1, is also shown, with the central axis 7 being perpendicular to the contact patch 3. The rim contact patch 4 of the tire 5 is also visible. Figure 2 The depicted vehicle pneumatic tire 5 additionally includes a battery 10, which is connected to the electrode layer 1 in the central part 9 of the tire 5 by means of contacts 8.

[0073] Figure 3Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a vehicle pneumatic tire 5 according to the invention with a rim 11, wherein the rubber layer 2 forms the rim strip 21 in the bead area 17 of the vehicle tire 5. The rubber layer 2 comprises the rim contact surface 4. The electrode layer 1, which forms part of the central section 9 of the tire 5, is also shown. The central axis 7 of the device, comprising the rubber layer 2 and the electrode layer 1, is also shown, with the central axis 7 being perpendicular to the rim contact surface 4 and the tread 16. The rim contact surface 4 of the tire 5 is also visible. Figure 3 The depicted vehicle pneumatic tire 5 additionally comprises two batteries 10, which are connected by means of contacts 8 to an electrode layer section 1a, 1b in the central part 9 of the tire 5.

[0074] In Figure 4A power supply circuit is schematically depicted, which is connected to a device 6 via contacts. The ground contact surface 3 of the tire 5 is shown in the power supply circuit in Figure 4 also shown schematically. An earth connection 18 is present at the Grätz circuit 15 as part of the rectifier unit 14, comprising an energy storage device 10. The energy storage device 10 can include a battery and additionally a capacitor for smoothing the current flow. The in Figure 4 The power supply circuit shown can be connected to each of the three devices 6 of the tire 5 in order to charge three energy storage devices 10 when the tire 5 rolls. However, in this embodiment, only one voltage difference relative to ground can be achieved per power supply circuit.

[0075] In Figure 5A power supply circuit is schematically depicted, which is connected via contacts to two of the four devices 6 of the tire 5, whereby the other two devices 6 can be connected in the same way. The power supply circuit includes a Grätz circuit 15 as part of the rectifier unit 14, comprising an energy storage device 10. The energy storage device 10 can include a battery and additionally a capacitor for smoothing the current flow. Since only one device 6 of the tire 5 in the ground contact area 3 can be pressurized at any given time when the tire 5 rolls, a potential difference arises between the electrode layers of the two connected devices 6 during rolling. This potential difference acts as an alternating current source and is used in conjunction with the... Figure 5The power supply circuit shown can also be used as a DC power source. One advantage of this power supply circuit is that it can handle a higher potential difference compared to a circuit like the one in [reference missing]. Figure 4 This can be demonstrated. A higher potential difference makes it possible to operate sensors in the tire, which require a correspondingly higher voltage, without additional electrotechnical devices.

[0076] In Figure 6A power supply circuit is schematically depicted, which is connected via contacts to a device 6 in the bead area 17 of a tire, whereby a corresponding device 6 can also be connected at the other end of the rim 11. The power supply circuit includes a Grätz circuit 15 as part of the rectifier unit 14, comprising an energy storage device 10. The energy storage device 10 can include a battery and additionally a capacitor for smoothing the current flow. When the device 6 is pressurized as the tire rolls, a potential difference arises between the electrode layer 2 and the metal of the rim 11, which acts as an alternating current source and is connected to the Figure 5 The power supply circuit shown can also be used as a DC power source. One advantage of this power supply circuit is that it can handle a higher potential difference compared to a circuit like the one in [reference missing]. Figure 4or even in Figure 5 This can be achieved because the triboelectric affinity of metal for rubber is even higher than that between two rubbers as described above. A higher potential difference allows sensors requiring a correspondingly higher voltage to be operated inside the tire without the need for additional electrical devices. Reference symbol list:

[0077] 1 Electrode layer 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d Electrode layer section 2 Rubber layer 3 Ground contact area, road contact surface, ground bearing surface 4 Rim bearing surface 5 Tire, vehicle tire, pneumatic tire 6 Device 7 Central axis of the device 8 Contacts for taking off an electrical voltage present between the layers 9 Inner liner, belt, carcass and coil bandage, central part of the tire 10 Energy storage for intermediate storage of the energy of the electrical voltage present between the layers 11 Rim 12 Non-metallic rubber components in the tread 13 Power supply circuit for connection to the contacts 14 Rectifier unit 15 Graetz circuit with four diodes 16 Tread of the tire 17 Bead area of ​​the tire 18 Grounding 19 Radial direction 20 Axial direction 21 Rim strip in the bead area of ​​the tire Experimental examples: Measurement methods: 1. Permittivity of a type of rubber

[0078] The results were determined using a commercially available RLC measuring instrument according to a method known to those skilled in the art at 60°C and a frequency of 10 Hz. The determination of the specific permittivity ei (see Table 1 below) was carried out as follows using the commercially available RLC measuring instrument: The loss factor Tan δ is displayed directly by the RLC measuring instrument as "DF - Dissipation Factor", while it must be calculated using the measurement results of the plate capacitor filled with the respective type of rubber in the rubber layer. When measuring the capacitance, it must be taken into account that, in addition to the capacitance of the electrodes being sought, the capacitance of the connecting leads and the sample capacitor housing is also measured at the input of the bridge of the plate capacitor. The resulting false capacitance CF is independent of the frequency and must be considered in the evaluation. 2. Electrical conductivity

[0079] The results were obtained at 20 °C using a commercially available conductivity meter according to a method known to those skilled in the art. 3. Energy density

[0080] The results were determined from the measured values ​​of voltage and current measured according to a specific measurement method, wherein the specific measurement method is described in the German application with application number 10 2018 221 047.0 on page 31, line 1 to page 33, line 2 of the original application documents, wherein, within the scope of the present invention, no rubber layer was applied to one electrode and the rubber layer as specified in Table 1 was applied to the other. Furthermore, the measuring device was used for the measurement in Figure 3 the aforementioned application shown used (see figure description to Figure 3 in the aforementioned application). Production:

[0081] Production of a tread section according to the invention for a vehicle pneumatic tire: The tires tested were manufactured according to the process customary in the rubber industry, in which a base compound comprising the type of rubber described in Table 1 with all additional necessary components except a suitable vulcanization system is first produced in one or more mixing stages. The finished compound is produced by adding the vulcanization system in a final mixing stage. The finished compound is then further processed, e.g., by extrusion or calendering, into a layer, which corresponds to a rubber layer of a tire according to the invention, and applied to a similarly produced electrode layer (here: a 30 phr carbon black NR layer with a conductivity of 0.001 S / m at 20 °C). The resulting experimental tread section had a size of 2 x 2 cm and a thickness of 120 µm.The layer was then tested for its energy density as described above. Results:

[0082] Table 1: Experimental results of the tested vehicle pneumatic tires parameter Relative permittivity er * electrical conductivity Energy density Unit --- [S / m] [µW / cm²< ] Type of rubber layer Isoprene rubber (IR) 2.29 < 1 1.8 Natural Rubber (NR) 2.44 < 1 4.9 Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) 2.47 < 1 6 Poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS) 2.79 < 1 7.5 *Relative permittivity of a rubber type i: measured at 60°C and a frequency of 10 Hz and determined in relation to the permittivity e 0 in a vacuum: er = ei / e 0 .

[0083] The results in Table 1 show that higher energy densities are achieved when using a rubber with a relative permittivity in the range of 2.44 to 2.79.

Claims

1. Tyre comprising a device (6), wherein the device (6) comprises an electrode layer (1) and a rubber layer (2) and contacts (8) provided on the layers (1, 2) for collecting an electrical voltage produced between the layers (1, 2) and the device is an integral constituent of the tyre, wherein a) the electrode layer (1) comprises an electrode material having an electrical conductivity of at least 0.001 S / m at 20°C, b) the rubber layer (2) comprises rubber having an electrical conductivity of less than 10-5 S / m at 20°C, wherein - the electrode layer (1) and the rubber layer (2) are arranged one atop the other and - the surface of the rubber layer (2) opposite the electrode layer (1) comprises at least a portion of the ground contact surface (3) or at least a portion of the rim contact surface (4) of the tyre (5), characterized in that, the electrode material of the electrode layer (1) or the electrode layer sections a rubber comprising NR, IR, ENR, BR, SBR, SSBR, PDMS, ESBR and epichlorohydrin or mixtures thereof and comprises at least one filler, wherein the one filler is carbon black.

2. Tyre according to Claim 1, wherein the device is suitable therefor, wherein the rubber of the rubber layer (2) has a relative permittivity in the range from 1 to 5, preferably in the range from 2.25 to 4, particularly preferably from 2.44 to 3.5, especially particularly preferably in the range from 2.45 to 3, most preferably in the range from 2.47 to 2.80, measured at 60°C and a frequency of 10 Hz.

3. Tyre according to either of the preceding claims, wherein the surface of the rubber layer (2) opposite the electrode layer (1) in its entirety mainly forms the ground contact surface or in its entirety forms the entire ground contact surface (3) of the tyre (5) and / or the electrode layer (1) comprises at least two, preferably four, electrode layer sections electrically isolated from one another (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d).

4. Tyre according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrode layer (1) or respective pairs of opposite electrode layer sections (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) or each electrode layer section (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) of the device (6) has a power supply circuit (13) for connection to the contacts (8) for collecting an electrical voltage present between the layers (1, 2), wherein the power supply circuit (13) - can receive an electrical voltage produced between the layers (1, 2) and - comprises a rectifier unit (14), wherein - a rectifier unit (14) consisting of a two-way rectifier having a ground and having an energy storage means (10) for intermediate storage of the energy of an electrical voltage present between the layers (1, 2) or - a rectifier unit (14) consisting of a two-way rectifier connecting the two opposite electrode layer sections (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) having an energy storage means (10) for intermediate storage of the energy of an electrical voltage present between the layers (1, 2).

5. Tyre according to any of the preceding claims, wherein - the rubber layer (2) comprises at least one filler and - the at least one filler of the rubber layer (2) - is silica, wherein the at least one filler is present in a total amount in the range from 0.1 phr to 50 phr, preferably in the range from 1 phr to 30 phr, particularly preferably in the range from 2 phr to 25 phr, very particularly preferably in the range from 3 phr to 20 phr, in each case based on the total mass of the rubber layer (2) of the device (6), and / or - is carbon black, and preferably in a total amount in the range from 0.1 phr to 60 phr, preferably in the range from 1 phr to 30 phr, particularly preferably in the range from 2 phr to 20 phr, in each case based on the total mass of the rubber layer (2) of the device (6).

6. Tyre according to Claim 1, wherein the carbon black in the electrode layer (1) or in each electrode section (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) is present in a total amount in the range from 1 phr to 200 phr, preferably in the range from 5 phr to 190 phr, particularly preferably in the range from 5 phr to 150, in each case based on the total mass of the rubber of the electrode layer (1) or of the respective electrode section.

7. Tyre according to any of the preceding claims, wherein - the one rubber or one of the two or more rubbers of the rubber layer (2) is selected from the group consisting of rubber, polyester, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalates, polypropylene, polystyrene, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, poly(organo)siloxanes, vulcanized rubber particles, fillers and mixtures thereof, wherein preferred rubbers are the rubbers ENR, BR, SBR, SSBR, PDMS, ESBR and epichlorohydrin, or - the rubber layer (2) comprises - SBR and / or PDMS, preferably SBR, or - mainly or entirely consists of SBR or PDMS, preferably exclusively consists of SBR.

8. Tyre according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the device is suitable for - charging at least one energy storage means (10), such as a battery or an accumulator, wherein the one energy storage means (10) may be mounted to the tyre (5) or to a rim (11) for mounting the tyre (5), and / or - the device is designed to produce an electrical voltage between the layers (1, 2) through variation of pressure on the layers (1, 2).

9. Tyre according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the surface of the rubber layer (2) opposite the electrode layer (1) has a surface roughness Ra in the range from 0.1 µm to 500 µm, preferably in the range from 0.5 to 100 µm, particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 50 µm, very particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 5 µm, measured according to DIN EN ISO 4288:1998.

10. Tyre according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the rubber layer (2) has a layer thickness in the range in the range from 0.1 to 200 mm, preferably in the range from 1 mm to 150 mm or from 5 to 100 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 90 mm.

11. Tyre according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the central axis (7) of the device (19) extends in the radial direction (16) or in the axial direction (14).

12. Tyre according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrode layer (1) or each electrode layer section (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) of the device (6) has a power supply circuit (13) for connection to the contacts (8) for collecting an electrical voltage present between the layers (1, 2), wherein the power supply circuit (13) - can receive an electrical voltage produced between the layers (1, 2) and - a rectifier unit (14), preferably a rectifier unit (14) consisting of a two-way rectifier connected to the electrode layer (1) or to an electrode layer section (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) having a contact for a rim and having an energy storage means (10) for intermediate storage of the energy of an electrical voltage produced between a rim and the electrode layer (1) or the electrode layer section (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d).

13. Use of a tyre (5) as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 12 for charging at least one energy storage means (10), such as a battery or an accumulator, during driving of a vehicle comprising the tyre (5), wherein the one energy storage means (10) is mounted to the tyre (5) or to a rim (11), wherein the energy storage means (10) is preferably mounted to the tyre (5).