LIFTING EQUIPMENT

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a lifting device according to the features in the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] Hoists generally use round steel chains as support or traction means and are used for lifting, lowering, and pulling loads. The present invention relates to a motor-driven hoist, in which an electric motor, in particular a battery-powered electric motor, is preferably used as the drive. A pneumatic motor or a hydraulic motor can also serve as the drive.

[0003] Hoists have a support hook as the upper fastening element and a load hook as the lower attachment element. The upper fastening element and the lower attachment element are indirectly connected to each other via a housing. The attachment element is connected via a load chain as the traction element to a traction drive located in the housing of the hoist. In an electric hoist, the traction drive is rotated by the electric motor. For this purpose, the electric motor interacts with a drive shaft of the hoist, which drives the load chain sprocket via a gear.

[0004] An electric hoist is considered state of the art through DE 33 30 539 C2. This document discloses the preamble of claim 1.

[0005] An electric hoist is also known from DE 10 2006 001 154 B4.

[0006] DE 199 27 847 C1 discloses a load-securing brake coupling system for power-driven hoists, particularly for electric chain hoists. This comprises a drive coupling for connecting the motor shaft to a slip clutch, designed as a two-disk clutch. A clutch drive plate is integrated between the two clutch discs. Furthermore, hoists with load-pressure brakes are part of the state of the art, as described in DE 199 59 999 C2 and US 3 090 601 A. Load-pressure brakes of the conventional design are well known. Load-pressure brakes generally operate with a locking mechanism in the hoisting direction. Such load-pressure brakes are not suitable for higher speeds. Furthermore, the heat dissipation of the heat generated by friction in the load-pressure brake is inadequate.

[0007] US Pat. No. 5,482,255 A discloses a winch in which braking is achieved by a cam actuation. For braking or holding in a static state, the cam actuation frictionally locks the drive shaft. A reduction mechanism is provided between the drive shaft and a cable drum. The braking mechanism serves to lock the drive shaft to the cable drum, thereby stopping or braking any rotational movement of the shaft and the winch. The brake or braking mechanism is located in the cable drum, and the output is also via the cable drum. Braking occurs against the stationary drive shaft.

[0008] The braking device of the winch disclosed in CN 201 619 981 U and CN 200 981 801 Y is comparable in terms of effectiveness.

[0009] A winch with axially aligned brakes is known from US 2019 / 0002254 A1. It is a mechanically acting brake with locking hooks.

[0010] US 2016 / 0311668 A1 discloses a torque-limiting and conical brake arrangement for a motor winch.

[0011] The technological background also includes DE 10 2017 108 694 A1, US 2017 / 0240395 A1 and CN 206 553 130 U.

[0012] Based on the prior art, the invention is based on the object of creating a lifting device with improved operational and safety features, in particular a motor-driven lifting device with a functionally improved brake coupling system.

[0013] The solution to this problem consists, according to the invention, in an electric hoist according to claim 1.

[0014] Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the lifting device according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0015] The hoist features a load chain wheel and a drive shaft that drives the load chain wheel via a gearbox, as well as a motor with a motor shaft. The motor shaft and the drive shaft are coupled via a brake-coupling system.

[0016] According to the invention, the brake clutch system comprises a coupling part that can be coupled to the motor shaft and a brake hub that is rotatably mounted on a brake thread of the drive shaft. The coupling part has drivers and the brake hub has pins. A vane disc is arranged between the coupling part and the brake hub. This vane disc has radially outward-facing vanes and is arranged on a coupling section of the drive shaft. The arrangement of the vane disc on the coupling section of the drive shaft is rotationally fixed. This is achieved in particular by means of a spline between the vane disc and the coupling section. On the transmission side, i.e. on the side of the brake hub facing away from the coupling part, a thrust disc is positioned on the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. Two friction discs and a brake disc integrated between the friction discs are arranged between the brake hub and the thrust disc. The brake disc is rotationally fixed, i.e.mounted in a twist-proof manner.

[0017] The invention provides a motor-driven and thus faster-running hoist that operates with a purely mechanical brake-coupling system. Preferably, the hoist according to the invention is electrically driven by an electric motor. In this context, a battery or accumulator can be used as the energy storage device. Even if the hoist is electrically driven, it can also be driven by an air motor or a hydraulic motor.

[0018] The hoist according to the invention is also characterized by improved heat dissipation. Heat transfer occurs through physical contact between the brake disc and the housing. This improved heat dissipation improves operational performance, particularly during continuous operation and / or when the hoist is subjected to high loads.

[0019] The mechanical brake clutch system, particularly the brake design of the hoist according to the invention, also increases operational safety. The load is held securely, especially in the event of a drive failure. This is particularly advantageous for battery-powered electric hoists.

[0020] The drivers of the coupling part and the pins of the brake hub as well as the vane bodies of the vane disc are designed and configured to come into contact and interact with each other during operation of the hoist, i.e. during rotation.

[0021] The brake hub can be axially displaced on the threaded section of the drive shaft which has the brake thread.

[0022] Preferably, the brake disc is mounted in the housing of the hoist in a torsion-proof manner.

[0023] For this purpose, the brake disc has recesses into which abutment bodies provided on the housing engage. An advantageous embodiment provides for the recesses to be located on the outer circumference of the brake disc, and the abutment bodies to be located on a wall of the housing. The brake disc is held in the housing like a spline and is rotationally fixed in position. This is a multiple positive connection, in which the contact and thus the heat transfer surfaces between the brake disc and the housing are large.

[0024] The brake disc is mounted on the drive shaft via a brake thread. The thrust disc cannot rotate or shift axially relative to the drive shaft. The two friction discs, with the brake disc in between, are arranged between the brake hub and the thrust disc.

[0025] The brake hub has an annular mount on the side facing the thrust disc. The first friction disc is mounted on this mount. The friction disc is placed with its central opening onto the annular mount of the brake hub.

[0026] The thrust disc has a receiving section on the side facing the brake hub. The second friction disc is arranged on the receiving section. The receiving section is also configured as a sleeve or ring. The second friction disc is inserted into the receiving section with its central opening.

[0027] The first friction disc and the second friction disc are preferably separate components. In principle, the first friction disc can be firmly connected to the rear of the brake hub or form part of the brake hub. The second friction disc can also be firmly connected to the thrust disc or form part of the thrust disc. The brake disc is mounted in the housing between the first friction disc and the second friction disc, preventing rotation.

[0028] An advantageous embodiment provides that the coupling part has drivers that protrude axially toward the brake hub, and the brake hub has pins that protrude axially toward the coupling part. Axially protruding means that the drivers of the coupling part and the pins of the brake hub are axially oriented relative to each other such that they come into contact and interact with each other during a rotational movement relative to each other.

[0029] The coupling part's drivers and the brake hub's pins are rotatable relative to each other. When the coupling part rotates to lower a load, the driver and the pins come into contact.

[0030] Furthermore, the drivers of the coupling part and the vane bodies of the vane disc are rotatable relative to each other. When the coupling part rotates to lift a load, the drivers and vane bodies come into contact with each other at corresponding stop or contact surfaces.

[0031] When the coupling part rotates to lift a load, the drivers of the coupling part and the pins of the brake hub come into contact with each other, whereby the drivers drive the loosely rotating brake hub.

[0032] The clutch part has a disc body with drivers. In an advantageous embodiment, the clutch part is part of the output stage of the electric motor, which is a geared motor located upstream of the brake. The drivers are formed as a single-piece component of the disc body. The drivers are axially oriented so that they mesh with the pins of the brake hub and come into operative contact during rotation relative to each other. The clutch part, or the disc body of the clutch part, is part of the output gear of a planetary gear.

[0033] The brake disc is mounted in the housing for rotational stability. The housing can be constructed from separate parts or halves. The halves are bolted together and can be separated. The motor housing can be integrated into the transmission housing.

[0034] An advantageous embodiment provides for the brake mechanism of the brake-clutch system to have additional spring elements. The spring elements are designed and configured to facilitate the application of the brake during slow movements. For this purpose, spring elements are provided that press the brake disc against the brake hub. The spring elements are supported in the housing. The spring-elastic pressure of the brake disc against the brake hub ensures that a minimal friction torque is generated, even when the brake is open, which is necessary to apply the brake or the brake-clutch system.

[0035] The spring elements are supported in the housing on the side facing away from the brake disc. In particular, the end of a spring element facing away from the brake disc is accommodated in a recess in the housing.

[0036] The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. They show: Figure 1 shows an electric hoist according to the invention in a perspective view without an outer housing; Figure 2 shows the hoist of the Figure 1 in a side view; Figure 3 a horizontal cross section through the representation of the Figure 2 along the line AA; Figure 4 the hoist in a side view; Figure 5 a vertical cross section through the representation of the Figure 4 along the line BB; Figure 6 shows the lifting device according to the invention in an exploded view of its components; Figure 7 shows a perspective view of components or component parts of the brake coupling system of the lifting device with the electric motor removed in a first operating position; Figure 8 shows a representation corresponding to the Figure 7 in a second operating position of the brake clutch system; Figure 9 a representation corresponding to the Figure 7 in a third operating position of the brake clutch system; Figure 10 a representation corresponding to the Figure 7in a fourth operating position of the brake coupling system; Figure 11 shows a further embodiment of a lifting device according to the invention in a side view; Figure 12 shows a section through the representation of the Figure 11 along the line AA; Figure 13 shows section B from the Figure 12 in an enlarged view; Figure 14 shows the hoist according to the invention in an exploded view of its essential components; Figure 15 shows a perspective view of components or component parts of the brake coupling system of the hoist, partially in a sectional view; and Figure 16 shows a perspective view of components or component parts of the hoist from a gearbox-side view.

[0037] The Figures 1 to 5 show a lifting device 1 according to the invention. Components and components of the lifting device 1 are shown in the Figure 6 can be seen in an exploded view. Specifically, it is an electric hoist 1.

[0038] The hoist 1 has a support hook 2 as the upper fastening element. A load hook (not shown in the figures) acts as the lower attachment element. The support hook 2 and the load hook are indirectly connected to each other via a housing 3. The load hook is attached to the end of a load chain. The load chain is also Figures 1 to 6 not shown for the sake of clarity.

[0039] The load chain can be moved via a traction drive. The traction drive has a drive shaft 4, which drives a load chain wheel 6 via a gear 5. The Figures 1 to 6 show the hoist 1 without a housing cover of the gearbox 5.

[0040] The load chain runs over the load chain wheel 6 and is moved by it.

[0041] The drive is provided by an electric motor 10, whose motor shaft 11 is coupled to the drive shaft 4 via a brake coupling system 12 (see in particular the exploded view according to the Figure 6 ).

[0042] The brake coupling system 12 comprises a coupling part 13 which can be coupled to the motor shaft 11 and a brake hub 15 which is rotatably arranged on a brake thread 14 of the drive shaft 4.

[0043] The coupling part 13 has a disk body 16 and a connecting section 17 protruding from the disk body 16 in the direction of the electric motor 10. A coupling receptacle 18 with internal teeth 19 is provided centrally in the connecting section 17. The coupling part 13 can be placed with the coupling receptacle 18 onto a complementary external toothing of the motor shaft 11.

[0044] The coupling part 13 has drivers 20 projecting axially in the direction of the brake hub 15, and the brake hub 15 has pins 21 projecting axially in the direction of the coupling part 13. A vane disc 22 is arranged between the coupling part 13 and the brake hub 15. The vane disc 22 has radially outwardly directed vane bodies 23. The vane disc 22 is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on a coupling section 24 of the drive shaft 4. This is achieved via a spline between the vane disc 22 and the coupling section 24. The coupling section 24 has an external toothing 25, onto which the vane disc 22 is slipped with an internal toothing 26 provided in the central mounting opening 27 of the vane disc 22.

[0045] On the transmission side, on the side of the brake hub 15 facing away from the clutch part 13, a thrust washer 28 is non-rotatably positioned on the drive shaft 4. For this purpose, the thrust washer 28 has an internal toothing 29 in its central mounting opening 30, which is positioned on a toothed mounting section 32 of the drive shaft 4 having an external toothing 31.

[0046] A first friction disc 33 and a second friction disc 34 are provided between the brake hub 15 and the thrust disc 28. A brake disc 35 is arranged between the two friction discs 33, 34. The brake disc 35 is mounted in the housing 3 in a rotationally fixed or non-rotatable manner. For this purpose, the brake disc 35 has pocket-like recesses 36 on its outer circumference. Tooth- or claw-shaped abutment bodies 38 are provided in a wall 37 of the housing 3, which are configured to fit the recesses 36. The abutment bodies 38 engage in the recesses 36, so that the brake disc 35 is secured in the housing 3 in the manner of a spline.

[0047] On the rear side 39 of the thrust washer 28 facing the gear 5, the thrust washer 28 is supported on a bearing 40.

[0048] The brake hub 15 has a central annular receptacle 42 on its rear side 41 facing the brake disc 35. The first friction disc 33 is mounted on the receptacle 42 with its central opening 43.

[0049] The pressure disc 28 has a central receiving portion 45 on its front side 44 facing the brake disc 35. The second friction disc 34 has a central opening 46, with which the second friction disc 34 is inserted onto the receiving portion 45 of the pressure disc 28 and positioned there.

[0050] The brake hub 15 is rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 4 by means of the brake thread 14. The thrust disc 28 can neither rotate nor axially shift relative to the drive shaft 4. The two friction discs 33, 34 and the brake disc 35 located between them are arranged between the brake hub 15 and the thrust disc 28. The brake disc 35 is mounted in the housing 3 in a rotationally secure manner.

[0051] Based on the Figures 7 to 10 the movement processes in the brake coupling system 12 of the lifting device 1 when holding, lowering and lifting a load are explained.

[0052] In the Figures 7 to 10 of the coupling part 13, only the drivers 20 projecting in the direction of the brake hub 15 are shown.

[0053] The drivers 20 of the coupling part 13 and the pins 21 of the brake hub 15 are arranged on a common outer orbit or circular path, so that they come into contact and thus into the operative position when the coupling part 13 and the brake hub 15 and thus the drivers 20 and the pins 21 are rotated relative to one another.

[0054] The vane bodies 23 of the vane disc 22 and the drivers 20 of the coupling part 13 are also arranged on an inner orbital or circular path in such a way that they come into contact with each other and thus into operative connection when rotating relative to each other.

[0055] To hold a load, the load moment acting on the drive shaft 4 generates an axial force on the brake hub 15, which clamps the friction discs 33, 34 located between the brake hub 15 and the thrust disc 28, and the brake disc 35 located between them. Since the brake disc 35 is supported against the housing 3, the load is held securely. The drivers 20 of the coupling part 13 have no contact with the vane bodies 23 of the vane disc 22 or with the pins 21 of the brake hub 15. This operating position shows the Figure 7 .

[0056] To lower a load (see Figure 8), the coupling part 13 is rotated counterclockwise (arrow P1) so that the drivers 20 of the coupling part 13 come into contact with the pins 21 of the brake hub 15 and drive the brake hub 15. The rotational movement takes place in the direction of the arrow P1. The brake hub 15 slides axially on the brake thread 11 of the drive shaft 4 and the frictional contact with the first friction disc 33 is canceled. This reduces the axial force or the friction torque and a load is lowered until the friction torque is built up again. This operating position shows the Figure 8 The load can continue to lower until the rotating drive shaft 4 compensates for the axial play. The approximately triangular or trapezoidal-shaped drivers 20 of the coupling part 13 engage the pins 21. With their inner active surfaces, the drivers 20 contact the vane bodies 23 of the vane disc 22.

[0057] To lift the load, the coupling part 13 is turned clockwise. This is shown in the Figure 9 illustrated by the arrow P2. Due to the rotation or rotary movement of the coupling part 13, the drivers 20 and the vane bodies 23 are rotated relative to one another. The drivers 20 of the coupling part 13 abut against the stop surfaces of the vane bodies 23 of the vane disc 22. The vane disc 22 is seated in a rotationally fixed manner on the drive shaft 4, so that the drive shaft 4 is driven via the vane disc 22. Due to the rotation of the drive shaft 4 relative to the brake hub 15, the frictional torque is canceled out and the drive torque is now transmitted to the drive shaft 4 via the internal toothing 26 of the vane disc 22. Furthermore, the drivers 20 of the coupling part 13 drive the loosely rotating brake hub 15.

[0058] In the Figures 11 to 16A further embodiment of a lifting device 1 according to the invention is shown. The lifting device 1 according to the illustrations of Figures 11 to 16 The basic design corresponds to the previously described hoist. Corresponding components and parts are provided with the same reference numerals. Please refer to the above explanation of hoist 1.

[0059] The brake clutch system 12 comprises a clutch part 13 that can be coupled to the motor shaft 11, as well as a brake hub 15 rotatably mounted on a brake thread 14 of the drive shaft 4. The clutch part 13 has a disk body 16 with drivers 20 formed thereon. The clutch part 13 and its disk body 16 are part of a planetary gear of the output stage of a planetary gear, via which an electric motor (not shown here) drives the hoist 1.

[0060] The coupling part 13 has drivers 20 oriented toward the brake hub side. The brake hub 15 has pins 21 projecting axially toward the coupling part 13.

[0061] The wing disc 22 is arranged between the coupling part 13 and the brake hub 15.

[0062] The drivers 20 are a single, integral component of the disc body 16 of the coupling part 13 and are oriented axially toward the brake hub 15. The drivers 20 mesh with the pins 21 of the brake hub 15 projecting toward the coupling part 13 during operation of the hoist 1. During rotation, the drivers 20 of the coupling part 13 and the pins 21 of the brake hub 15, as well as the vane bodies 23 of the vane disc 22, come into contact and interact to transmit torque.

[0063] The brake disc 35 is arranged between the brake hub 15 and the thrust disc 28. The first friction disc 33 and the second friction disc 34 are joined to the front and rear flat surfaces of the brake disc 35, respectively. The brake disc 35 is mounted in the housing 3 in a rotationally fixed and torsion-proof manner.

[0064] The braking processes in the brake coupling system 12 of the hoist 1 when holding, lowering and lifting a load correspond to the previously explained sequence.

[0065] In the Figures 11 to 16In the illustrated hoist 1, additional spring elements 47 are integrated into the brake coupling system 12. The spring elements 47 are intended and designed to press the brake disc 35 against the brake hub 15. The spring elements 47 are supported in the housing 3. For this purpose, receptacles 48 are provided in the housing 3 on the side facing away from the brake disc 35. The spring elements 47 are compression springs, in particular helical springs. These are positioned with one end 49 in the receptacles 48 in the housing 3 and act with the other end 50 against the brake disc 35. In the illustrated embodiment, a total of four spring elements 47 are arranged evenly offset on a pitch circle. As shown in particular in the Figure 16 As can be seen, the ends 50 of the spring elements 47 rest on the outer tooth bodies 51 of the brake disc 35.

[0066] The spring-elastic pressure of the brake disc 35 against the brake hub 15 ensures that even when the brake is open, a minimal friction torque is always generated, which contributes to the closing of the brake or the brake clutch system 12. Reference symbol:

[0067] 1 - Hoist 2 - Carrying hook 3 - Housing 4 - Drive shaft 5 - Gearbox 6 - Load chain wheel 7 - Gear 8 - Drive gearing 9 - Load chain wheel shaft 10 - Electric motor 11 - Motor shaft 12 - Brake coupling system 13 - Coupling part 14 - Brake thread 15 - Brake hub 16 - Disc body 17 - Connecting section 18 - Coupling receptacle 19 - Internal gearing 20 - Driver 21 - Pin 22 - Wing disc 23 - Wing body 24 - Coupling section of 4 25 - External gearing of 24 26 - Internal gearing of 22 27 - Mounting opening 28 - Thrust washer 29 - Internal gearing of 30 30 - Mounting opening of 28 31 -External toothing 32 -Assembly section 33 -First friction disc 34 -Second friction disc 35 -Brake disc 36 -Recesses 37 -Wall of 3 38 -Abutment body 39 -Rear of 28 40 -Bearing 41 -Rear of 35 42 -Receptacle 43 -Opening in 33 44 -Front of 28 45 -Receptacle section 46 -Opening in 34 47 -Spring elements 48 -Receptacles 49 -End of 47 50 -End of 47 51 -Tooth body of 35 P1 -Arrow P2 -Arrow

Claims

1. Lifting gear having a load chain sprocket (6) and a drive shaft (4) driving the load chain sprocket (6) via a gearbox (5), and a motor (10) having a motor shaft (11), wherein the motor shaft (11) and the drive shaft (4) are coupled via a brake coupling system (12), characterized in that the brake coupling system (12) has a coupling part (13) which can be coupled to the motor shaft (11) and a brake hub (15) which is rotatably arranged on a brake thread (14) of the drive shaft (4), wherein the coupling part (13) has drivers (20) and the brake hub (15) has pegs (21), wherein a vane disk (22) is arranged between the coupling part (13) and the brake hub (15), which has vane bodies (23) and is arranged on a coupling section (24) of the drive shaft (4), and wherein, on the transmission side of the brake hub (15) on the drive shaft (4), a pressure disk (28) is positioned in a rotationally fixed manner and between the brake hub (15) and the pressure disk (28) two friction disks (33, 34) and a brake disk (35) integrated between the friction disks (33, 34) are arranged, wherein the brake disk (35) is mounted in a rotationally fixed manner.

2. Lifting gear according to claim 1, characterized in that the drivers (20) and the pegs (21) are rotatable relative to one another and come into contact with one another during a rotary movement of the coupling part (13) for lowering a load.

3. Lifting gear according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drivers (20) and the vane bodies (23) are rotatable relative to one another and come into contact with one another during a rotary movement of the coupling part (13) for lifting a load.

4. Lifting gear according to claim 3, characterized in that, during a rotary movement of the coupling part (13) for lifting a load, the drivers (20) and the pegs (21) come into contact and the brake hub (15) is moved in the direction of rotation.

5. Lifting gear according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the brake disk (35) is mounted in a housing (3).

6. Lifting gear according to claim 5, characterized in that the brake disk (35) has recesses (36) into which abutment bodies (38) provided on the housing (3) engage.

7. Lifting gear according to claim 6, characterized in that the recesses (36) are provided on the outer circumference of the brake disk (35) and the abutment bodies (38) are provided on a wall (37) of the housing (3).

8. Lifting gear according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pressure disk (28) is supported on the transmission side on a bearing (40).

9. Lifting gear according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the brake hub (15) has an annular receptacle (42) on the side facing the pressure disk (28), on which a first friction disk (33) is disposed.

10. Lifting gear according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the pressure disk (28) has a receiving portion (45) on the side facing the brake hub (15), on which a second friction disk (34) is arranged.

11. Lifting gear according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the drivers (20) project axially in the direction of the brake hub (15) and the pegs (21) project axially in the direction of the coupling part (13).

12. Lifting gear according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that spring elements (47) are provided which are intended and arranged to press the brake disk (35) against the brake hub (15).

13. Lifting gear according to claim 12, characterized in that the spring elements (47) are supported in the housing (3).