TURMBAUWERK

Description

Technisches Gebiet

[0001] Examples of implementation deal with tower structures, foundations for supporting towers and wind turbines. Hintergrund

[0002] Onshore wind turbines (WTGs) require large hub heights (e.g., > 140 m) and large rotor diameters (e.g., > 130 m) for economical operation. Large hub heights and large rotor diameters require large tower base diameters for WTG towers to absorb the resulting bending moments. However, transport constraints, such as clearance heights on land, limit the maximum possible diameters for tower sections to 4.4 m.

[0003] One option for erecting wind turbines with large hub heights or rotor diameters is guy wires. Guy wires are attached to the tower and extend from a certain height of the wind turbine to the ground. Effective guy wires, however, require a significant amount of ground space, as the guy wires required for the guy wires are typically strung around the wind turbine at a distance of 40–100 meters. However, a larger ground space requirement is associated with higher costs for securing the area and greater demands on the site topology.

[0004] Another aspect of guy wires concerns the attachment of the guy wires to the tower. Due to the attachment, the high loads transferred to the tower via the guy wires often have a negative impact on the buckling behavior of the tower structure.

[0005] The publication DE 10 2015 000818 B3 discloses a tower structure of wind turbines which avoids the bending stress on the tower from the rotor force and the hub height by the intersection of the tower vertical, the hub height and the lines of action of the guy elements leading to a compressive stress on the tower from the rotor force of the wind and tensile stresses in guy elements arranged all around, which are arranged between the foundations and the upper fastening in the guy ring.

[0006] Furthermore, the documents CN 108 729 731 A, JP 861 290116 A and KR 101 474 948 B1 describe known concepts. Zusammenfassung

[0007] There is a need to provide improved guying for tower structures or components of tower structures, to achieve improved load transfer to the tower structure, and / or to enable a reduction in the space required by the tower structure. This need could be met by the subject matter of one of the present claims.

[0008] The exemplary embodiment according to the invention comprises a tower structure according to claim 1, having a tower along a vertical tower axis and a guy rope which extends from a first guy direction to a deflection structure on or in the tower and extends from the deflection structure in a second guy direction towards the ground, wherein the first guy direction differs from the second guy direction, wherein the first guy direction and the second guy direction form an angle of less than 180° in a plan view, wherein the tower axis lies outside a region which is delimited by the guy rope between the first guy direction and the second guy direction.

[0009] In one embodiment, a tower structure comprises a tower along a vertical tower axis and a foundation for supporting the tower, wherein the tower stands on the foundation, wherein the foundation has an outer force deflection region which is at a radial distance from the tower axis. Furthermore, the tower structure comprises a first guy structure, wherein the first guy structure extends from the outer force deflection region to a part of the tower above the foundation, wherein the first guy structure or a second guy structure coupled to the first guy structure at the outer force deflection region extends from the outer force deflection region to an inner guy region below the outer force deflection region, wherein a radial distance of the inner guy region from the tower axis is smaller than the radial distance of the outer force deflection region.

[0010] In one embodiment, a tower structure comprises a tower along a vertical tower axis and a foundation for supporting the tower, wherein the tower stands on the foundation, wherein the foundation has an outer force deflection region located outside a base area of the tower. Furthermore, the tower structure comprises a guy structure extending from an outer side of the tower to the outer force deflection region and extending from the outer force deflection region through an opening in the foundation from below the tower to a mounting structure inside the tower.

[0011] Some embodiments relate to foundations for supporting a tower. The foundation comprises a first arm extending in a first direction up to a maximum radial distance from a center point of a tower erection area of the foundation. The foundation further comprises a second arm extending in a second direction up to a maximum radial distance from a center point of the tower erection area of the foundation, wherein the foundation extends between the first arm and the second arm at least up to a minimum radial distance from the center point of the tower erection area of the foundation, wherein the minimum radial distance is at least 25% and at most 70% of the maximum radial distance of the first arm.

[0012] Further embodiments relate to wind turbines comprising a tower structure and / or a foundation according to one of the above-mentioned embodiments. Figurenkurzbeschreibung

[0013] Some examples of devices and / or methods are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. They show: Fig. 1 an example of a tower structure; Fig. 2 an example of a top view of a tower structure; Fig. 3 an example of a deflection structure; Fig. 4 another example of a deflection structure; Fig. 5 an example of a top view of a tower structure with a deflection arrangement; Fig. 6 another example of a tower structure; Fig. 7 an embodiment of a tower structure with deflection elements; Fig. 8 an example of a tower structure with different guy heights; Fig. 9 an example of a tower structure with different guy radii; Fig. 10 an embodiment of a tower structure with an external force deflection area; Fig. 11 another embodiment of a tower structure with an external force deflection area; Fig. 12 an embodiment of a foundation; and Fig. 13 an example of a wind turbine. Beschreibung

[0014] Some examples will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures. However, other possible examples are not limited to the features of these detailed embodiments. These may include modifications of the features, as well as equivalents and alternatives to the features. Furthermore, the terminology used herein to describe specific examples is not intended to be limiting of other possible examples.

[0015] Throughout the description of the figures, identical or similar reference numerals refer to identical or similar elements or features, which may be implemented identically or in a modified form while providing the same or a similar function. Furthermore, the thickness of lines, layers, and / or regions in the figures may be exaggerated for clarity.

[0016] When two elements A and B are combined using "or," this is to be understood as disclosing all possible combinations, i.e., only A, only B, and A and B, unless explicitly defined otherwise in the individual case. Alternative wording for the same combinations may be "at least one of A and B" or "A and / or B." This applies equivalently to combinations of more than two elements.

[0017] If a singular form is used, such as "a," "an," and "the," and the use of only a single element is neither explicitly nor implicitly defined as mandatory, further examples may also use multiple elements to implement the same function. If a function is described below as being implemented using multiple elements, further examples may implement the same function using a single element or a single processing entity.It is further understood that the terms "comprises", "comprising", "has" and / or "having" when used herein describe the presence of the specified features, integers, steps, operations, processes, elements, components and / or a group thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, processes, elements, components and / or a group thereof.

[0018] Some embodiments relate to tower structures. A tower structure comprises a tower along a vertical tower axis and a guy wire extending from a first guy wire direction to a deflection structure on or in the tower and extending from the deflection structure in a second guy wire direction toward the ground. The first guy wire direction differs from the second guy wire direction. The first guy wire direction and the second guy wire direction form an angle of less than 180° in a plan view. The tower axis lies outside a region delimited by the guy wire between the first guy wire direction and the second guy wire direction.

[0019] The guy rope can be used to guy the tower, thereby reducing bending stress on the tower. For example, the guy rope can be pre-tensioned via a device in the ground so that a tensile force absorbed by the guy rope can be introduced into the device in the ground. The guy rope can be connected to the tower via the deflection structure. The deflection structure can deflect the guy rope from the first guying direction to the second guying direction. By deflecting the guy rope on or in the tower, loads can be introduced into the tower over a larger area via the guy rope. The load is introduced over a larger area, so the tower can be stressed more evenly. Positioning the tower axis outside the area defined by the guy rope between the first guying direction and the second guying direction can enable the guy rope to be deflected eccentrically to the tower axis.An eccentric deflection can result in more efficient force transfer into the tower. According to this concept, for efficient guying of the tower, the first and second guying directions do not need to point toward the tower axis. Thanks to more efficient guying of the tower, the tower could be constructed within the transport framework of, for example, 4.40 m. For example, additional subdivision of tower sections can be avoided.

[0020] The deflection structure can be designed such that the guy rope can be deflected from the first into the second guying direction. The deflection structure can absorb a force transmitted by the guy rope as a compressive force and introduce it into the tower, for example if it is arranged inside the tower. A section of the guy rope can be coupled to the deflection structure. For example, a section of the guy rope can rest on the deflection structure or a section of the guy rope can extend through the deflection structure. The deflection structure can be made of steel, for example, and connected to the tower in such a way, e.g. welded or screwed, that a surface load can be introduced into the tower. The deflection structure can be designed and connected to the tower in such a way that the first and second guying directions can be aligned eccentrically to the tower axis.

[0021] The deflection structure can be formed on or in the tower. For example, the deflection structure can be coupled to an inner side of the tower wall or an outer side of the tower wall. By arranging the deflection structure inside the tower, it can be protected from external influences, e.g., moisture. By connecting the deflection structure to an outer wall of the tower, the guy cable can be deflected at a greater distance from the tower axis and / or a passage of the guy cable through the tower wall can be avoided. The force acting on the tower wall can vary depending on the arrangement of the deflection structure relative to the tower axis or to the tower wall.

[0022] The plan view may, for example, be a cross-section perpendicular to the tower axis or generally comprise a view that is substantially perpendicular to the tower axis.

[0023] The first guying direction and the second guying direction can, for example, enclose an angle greater than 30°, 40°, 60°, 90°, 120° or 150°. For example, the first guying direction and the second guying direction can form an angle greater than 10° (or greater than 30°, 40°, 60°, 90°, 120° or 150°) in a plan view. The section of the guy rope that is coupled to the deflection structure and the section of the guy rope that extends outside the deflection structure in the first and second guying directions can together enclose an area that does not include the tower axis. The first guying direction and the second guying direction can be oriented towards the ground. In general, the first and second guying directions can point towards an area that is located below the deflection structure with respect to the tower axis. The area below the deflection structure can, for example,include a tower section below the deflection structure, the tower base, the foundation, the surface immediately above the ground, or any part of the ground.

[0024] For example, the first guying direction may be directed to a first point on the ground (and / or from the first point to the deflection structure) and the second guying direction may be directed to a second point on the ground (and / or from the second point to the deflection structure). The first point on the ground and / or the second point on the ground may, for example, have a distance from the tower wall of more than 2 m (or more than 5 m or more than 10 m). The distance from the tower wall of the first point on the ground may differ by less than 1 m or less than 50% from the distance from the tower wall of the second point on the ground.

[0025] The guy rope can be any cable structure that allows a tensile force to be absorbed and transferred to the deflection structure. For example, the guy rope is a steel cable. The guy rope can extend all the way to the ground (e.g. to an anchorage on the foundation) or be part of a multi-part guy structure that, in addition to the guy rope, comprises one or more cable sections, one or more chains or one or more rods. Compared to a single-part guy structure that only comprises the guy rope, a multi-part guy structure can, for example, comprise sections with different diameters, shapes, structures or materials. The guy rope is, for example, bent around the deflection structure for alignment in the first and second guying directions.

[0026] The tower can be any structure of any height, extending from the ground to a certain height. For example, the tower's height is many times greater than its diameter. To reduce torsional and bending moments on the tower, the tower can be tensioned using guy wires. For example, the tower can have multiple tower sections depending on its height. For example, the tower can be more than 50 m, more than 80 m, more than 100 m, more than 120 m, more than 140 m, more than 160 m, or more than 180 m high. The tower can be guyed at different heights. For example, the tower can include tower sections made of steel.

[0027] The tower axis can be perpendicular, for example, to the ground, the tower's foundation, or a surface on which the tower is erected. The vertical tower axis can be parallel to the direction of gravity. The vertical tower axis can deviate from the direction of gravity by a maximum of 5 mm per meter of tower height (without taking into account any inclination of the foundation) or a maximum of 8 mm per meter of tower height (taking into account any inclination of the foundation).

[0028] For effective guying, the tower structure may comprise more than one guy wire and more than one deflection structure. For example, a tower structure may comprise two, three, or more guy wires and / or deflection structures. Guy wires and deflection structures may be distributed on the tower in such a way that the tower can be loaded as evenly as possible. For example, guy wires and deflection structures may be arranged symmetrically or at the same angle with respect to the tower axis or to each other. According to one example, a tower structure may comprise the same number of guy wires as deflection structures, more guy wires than deflection structures, or fewer guy wires than deflection structures.

[0029] The tower to be erected comprises, for example, a plurality of tower sections arranged one above the other, which can be constructed in one piece or in multiple parts. For example, the tower section can be constructed in one piece if it is manufactured within the transport framework of, for example, 4.4 m. For example, the tower or all tower sections of the tower can have a maximum diameter of 4.5 m (or a maximum of 4 m or a maximum of 3.5 m), for example with a height of more than 120 m (or more than 140 m, more than 160 m or more than 180 m). The tower wall or shell of the tower or tower section can, for example, be cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped and / or be a steel shell or sheet steel shell. The tower wall or tower shell can, for example, have a thickness of more than 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm or more.

[0030] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a tower structure 100 with a tower 102 along a vertical tower axis 104 and three guy wires 106a-c. A guy wire, such as guy wire 106a, extends from a first guy wire direction 107a to a deflection structure on or in the tower 102 and extends from the deflection structure in a second guy wire direction 108a towards the ground. The first guy wire direction 107a differs from the second guy wire direction 108a. For a better understanding of the deflection of the guy wires 106a-c on or in the tower 102, Fig. 2 For example, a top view 201 of the tower structure 100 with deflection structures 210a-c on a tower wall 203. In the top view 201, the first guying direction 107a and the second guying direction 108a of the guy cable 106a form an angle α of less than 180°. Furthermore, the tower axis 104 lies outside a region delimited by the guy cable 106a between the first guying direction 107a and the second guying direction 108a. The tower axis 104 lies in the region 360° - α, which is delimited by the guy cable 106a.

[0031] For example, the first guying direction and the second guying direction can form an angle of less than 180° (or less than 160°, less than 130°, less than 100° or less than 80°) and / or greater than 10° (or greater than 20°, greater than 30°, greater than 40°, greater than 60°, greater than 90°, greater than 120° or greater than 150°) in a plan view.

[0032] As shown by way of example in top view 201, the additional guy ropes 106b-c, like the guy rope 106a, can also be deflected at the corresponding deflection structures 210b-c. For example, the guy rope 106b extends from a third guying direction to the deflection structure 210b on or in the tower 102 and extends from the deflection structure 210b in a fourth guying direction toward the ground.

[0033] In the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 In the tower structure 100 shown, the deflection structures 210a-c are connected to the tower wall 203 of the tower 102 in such a way that forces transmitted from the guy cables 106a-c to the deflection structures 210a-c are transferred to the tower wall 203. Fig. 2 shows, by way of example, the direction of the cable tensile forces FS that can occur on the guy cables 106a-c due to a force acting on the tower 102. The guy cables 106a-c can transfer tensile forces FS to the tower wall 203 by means of the deflection structures 210a-c. By means of the deflection structures 210a-c, a load can be introduced into the tower wall 203 over a large area. Due to the flat load introduction into / on the tower 102, the tower wall 203 can be stressed evenly, so that the tower 102 or the tower wall 203 can absorb larger forces up to the point of fatigue. For example, the cable force FS that occurs can act partly tangentially to the tower 102. The cable force FS acting on the tower 102 can counteract any torsional moments M t or can contribute to a more torsionally rigid clamping in the guy plane.

[0034] By means of the guy cables 106a-c, which are deflected via the deflection structures 210a-c, the tower structure 100 can be guyed eccentrically to the tower axis 104. For example, the guy cables 106a-c do not need to be aligned with the tower axis 104, or the first and second guy directions 107a and 108a do not need to point toward the tower axis 104 for effective guying.

[0035] In the following descriptions, the tower structure 100 is described in more detail in conjunction with the guy rope 106a and the deflection structure 210a. The explanations can also refer to the guy ropes 106b-c and the deflection structures 210b-c. In the explanations, the guy rope 106a can be referred to as the first guy rope, the deflection structure 210a as the first deflection structure. The guy rope 106b or 106c can be referred to as a further, different, second, or third guy rope, and the deflection structure 210b or 210c can be referred to as a further, different, second, or third deflection structure.

[0036] Other embodiments may include more than three guy wires and deflection structures. If appropriate, other embodiments may include at least a first guy wire 106a and a first deflection structure 210a as described above and may be combined with another guying method for guying the tower structure 100.

[0037] Further details and optional aspects of the tower structure 100 are described in connection with the proposed concept or one or more of the examples described below.

[0038] Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 show examples of deflection structures 310 and 410 with contact surfaces 312 and 412, respectively. The contact surface 312, 412 serves as a support surface or an area for laying a guy rope 106a. The contact surface 312 of the deflection structure 310 in Fig. 3 , is formed in a groove-shaped depression on a surface of the deflection structure 310. Since the contact surface 312 is formed on a surface of the deflection structure 310, the deflection structure 312 can also be referred to as an open cable support. In Fig. 4 It can be seen that the deflection structure 410 has a tubular region. The contact surface 412 is formed in the tubular region of the deflection structure 410. Since the contact surface is formed on an inner side or a cavity of the deflection structure 310, the deflection structure 410 can also be referred to as a closed cable support. The contact surfaces 312, 412 of the deflection structures 310, 410 can be aligned with a shape or contour of the guy cable 106a. For example, the groove-shaped depression in Fig. 3 or the diameter of the tubular region can be adapted to a thickness of the guy rope 106a. The contact surfaces 312 and 412 of the deflection structures 310 and 410 can be designed according to the first and second guying directions 107a and 108a. Compared to the deflection structure 310, the deflection structure 410 can prevent a resting guy rope 106a from falling out of the tubular region due to its closed shape. Closed deflection structures can protect guy ropes, for example, from moisture. Deflection structures, such as rope supports, can be designed as solid welded or cast constructions in addition to the open or closed type.

[0039] As in the examples in Fig. 3-4 As shown, the contact surface 312, 412 of the deflection structure 310, 410 has a curvature with a radius of curvature. For example, the radius of curvature is twice greater than a minimum bending roller diameter of a guy rope 106a resting thereon. Limiting the curvature of the contact surface 312, 412 according to the minimum bending roller diameter of the guy rope 106a can be useful in order to prevent damage to the deflection structure 310, 410 and the guy rope 106a due to excessive compression. By limiting the contact surface 312, 412 to a maximum curvature, it can be ensured, for example, that the compressive strength of the material of the deflection structure, such as steel, is not exceeded and / or that the guy rope is not excessively deformed or damaged. The smallest permissible bending or deflection radius, for example for a wire rope, can be adjusted to 18 times the rope diameter.

[0040] By means of the deflection structure 310, 410, the guy cable 106a can be deflected on or in the tower, thus enabling guying of the tower structure 100. The guy cable 106a can be placed on the deflection structure 310, 410 in such a way that a complex fastening of the guy cable 106a on or in the tower 102 can be avoided. For example, the contact surface 312 or 412 can have a nature such that a friction coefficient between the contact surface 312, 412 and the guy cable 106a is so large that a pre-tensioning of the guy cable 106a or a fastening device creates a frictional connection between the deflection structure 310, 410 and the guy cable 106a. Due to the higher (adhesive) friction between the guy rope 106a and the deflection structure 310, 410 or due to the clamping device, a movement of the guy rope 106a on the deflection structure 310, 410 can be avoided or reduced. By securing the position or restricting the movement, for example,abrasion of the deflection structure 310, 410 or the guy rope 106a can be avoided or reduced.

[0041] According to other examples, the guy cable 106a can also be arranged or attached to the deflection structure 210a, 310, 410 in different ways. If appropriate, the guy cable 106a can be glued, wired, hooked, screwed, welded, or pressed to the deflection structure 210a, 310, 410, at least in certain areas.

[0042] Further details and optional aspects of the deflection structures 210a-c, 310, 410 are described in connection with the proposed concept or one or more of the examples described above or below.

[0043] Fig. 5 shows another example of a plan view 501 of a tower structure, such as the tower structure 100 in Fig. 1 It is shown that a deflection structure 510a of the guy cable 106a and a second deflection structure 510b of the guy cable 106b are formed in a deflection arrangement 520. The deflection arrangement 520 arranges the deflection structures 510ab inside the tower 102 and connects them to an inner side of the tower wall 203. The deflection arrangement 520 comprises the deflection structure 510a and the second deflection structure 510b and has a central open area through which the tower axis 104 extends.

[0044] Each deflection structure 510a-b comprises at least one connecting element 514a-b, which connects a part of the deflection structure comprising the contact surface to the inside of the tower wall 203. For example, the contact surface, as in Fig. 4 shown, formed in a tubular portion of the deflection structure 510a. The guy cable 106a extends through the tubular portion of the deflection structure 510a and is deflected from a first direction to a second direction.

[0045] The connecting element 514a, 514b can be designed such that a force transmitted from the guy rope 106a, 106b to the deflection structure 510a-b can be efficiently transmitted or distributed to the tower wall 203. As in Fig. 5 As shown, the connecting element 514a of the deflection structure 510a can correspond to a cylinder of the same diameter or a tube. The arrangement of the connecting element 514a can be aligned with a center or an axis of symmetry of the contact surface in the deflection structure 510a. The ends of the connecting element 514a can be adapted for suitable attachment, e.g., to the tower wall 203, such as rounded or additionally equipped with a fastening element. For better force distribution on the tower wall 203, one end of the connecting element 514a facing the tower wall 203 can have a larger diameter than the opposite end of the connecting element 514a. For example, the connecting element 514a is conical. In another example, the deflection structure 510a can comprise two or more connecting elements 514a.The two or more connecting elements 514a can be connected to the tower wall 203 at a distance from one another within a range defined by the guy cable 106a. Two or more connecting elements 514a can contribute to a more even load distribution of the force transmitted by the guy cable to the tower wall 203.

[0046] As in Fig. 5 As shown, the central open area of the deflection arrangement 520 is annular or tubular. In another example, the central open area may be oval, rectangular, square, star-shaped, trapezoidal, symmetrical, asymmetrical, or solid. Compared to the deflection elements 210a-c in Fig. 2 , the deflection arrangement 520 can contribute to the deflection of the guy cables 106a-c inside the tower closer to the tower axis 104. The deflection arrangement 520 allows the deflection structures to be formed in a common component.

[0047] In Fig. 5 , the tower wall 203 has at least two openings 516a through which the guy cable 106a is guided from the outside to the deflection structure 510a inside the tower. The guy cable 106a can extend through the openings 516a from the ground into the tower interior and be deflected back towards the ground inside the tower. The openings 516a can be designed, for example, by their shape or size, such that the mobility of the guy cable 106a or access of the guy cable 106a into the tower interior is not restricted as far as possible. The openings 516a can be designed such that, for example, the tower interior is sealed.

[0048] Through the openings, deflection structures can be arranged inside the tower. By arranging the deflection structures inside the tower, the deflection structures or the deflection arrangement 520 can be protected from external influences, such as moisture during inclement weather. Sections of the guy rope, such as the section of the guy rope that is deformed by the deflection, can also be protected by the deflection inside the tower.

[0049] In other examples, deflection structures may be arranged on an outer wall of the tower 102. Arranging the deflection structures on an outer wall may be preferred, for example, due to easier attachment to the tower. Deflection elements on an outer wall may be used to deflect guy wires located at a greater distance from the tower axis. Deflection elements on an outer wall may be configured differently, for example, with regard to shape, size, or contact area, than deflection structures for an inner tower wall.

[0050] Deflection structures can be connected to the tower wall via a welded joint. In other examples, deflection structures can be glued, wired, hooked, screwed, or riveted to a tower wall.

[0051] As in the example in Fig. 1 combined with Fig. 2 As shown, two different guy wires, such as guy wires 106a and 106b, may extend toward a common area towards the ground. For example, the first guy wire 106a and the second guy wire 106b may be attached or deflected to a foundation structure 105 (e.g., anchor point or guy structure) in the ground at a distance of less than 1 m, such as 0.5 m, 0.3 m, or 0.1 m. In another example, guy wires may be tensioned by means of individual foundation structures, e.g., made of concrete, arranged above the site subsoil. The forces absorbed by the foundation structures may be transmitted into the ground.

[0052] Instead of attaching the guy ropes 106a-b to individual foundation structures 105, the guy ropes 106a-b can also be deflected at the foundation. Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of a tower structure 600 with a deflection of the guy cables 606 at a foundation 630 in the ground. Further details on the deflection of the guy cables at the foundation are given below in connection with the Fig. 10 and 11 executed.

[0053] Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of a tower structure 700 with deflection elements 724. The tower structure 700 comprises deflection structures that are formed on or in the tower at a height 725. The deflection elements 724 are connected to an outer side of the tower wall and arranged on the tower at a lower height than the height 725 of the deflection structure. The guy cable 706 extends via the deflection element 724 in the first guying direction to the deflection structure, or the guy cable 706 extends from the second guying direction of the deflection structure via the deflection element 724 towards the ground. The deflection element 724 is designed to at least partially transfer a tensile force of the guy cable 706 into a compressive force acting on the tower. For example, the deflection element 724 can be a frame or a strut. The length of the deflection element 724 may, for example, be smaller than the distance between the radius of the tower outer wall and the radius of the foundation 730.The deflection elements 724 can distribute the compressive forces acting on the tower. The deflection elements 724 also allow the tower or tower wall to absorb compressive forces at a lower height than the height 725 of the deflection elements 724.

[0054] The deflection elements 724 can enable effective guying of the tower structure 700 with a smaller radius around the tower axis. This allows, for example, guy cables with a smaller radius to be attached to the ground, tensioned, or deflected. Furthermore, the effect of cable pretensioning can be increased with a reduced guying radius. Guying with a smaller radius can make attachment or deflection to a foundation structure or the foundation easier. A smaller guying radius can mean that less space is needed for guying the tower structure. The smaller space requirement can reduce or avoid restrictions to agricultural use. The smaller space requirement can reduce requirements for terrain topology, e.g. for installing the tower structure.

[0055] Further details and optional aspects of the tower structure 600 or 700 are described in connection with the proposed concept or one or more of the examples described above or below.

[0056] Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of a tower structure 800 with a further guy rope 806d at a different guy height than the guy rope 106a. The guy rope 106a extends from one guy height of the tower towards the ground. The further guy rope 806d extends from a second guy height towards the ground. For example, the (first) guy height of the (first) guy rope 106a differs from the second guy height of the further (second) guy rope 806d by more than 2 m. The difference between the guy heights can be, for example, 3 m, 4 m, 5 m, 10 m, 20 m or more. A deflection of guy ropes at different guy heights can contribute to a compressive force acting on the tower wall at different tower sections, for example to distribute the load on the tower wall. For a tower structure with different guy heights, for example, several deflection structures 210a-c, 310, 410 or several deflection arrangements 520 as shown in the Fig. 2-5 shown. The deflection structures can be of the same type or of different designs.

[0057] Further details and optional aspects of the tower structure 800 are described in connection with the proposed concept or one or more of the examples described above or below.

[0058] Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of a tower structure 900 with a further guy rope 906d with a different guy radius r 2 than the guy rope 106a. The guy rope 106a extends from the tower towards the ground with a guy radius r. The further guy rope 906d extends from the tower towards the ground with a different guy radius r ' . For example, the (first) guy radius r of the (first) guy rope 106a differs from the guy radius r' of the further (second) guy rope 906d by more than 0.5 m, more than 1 m, more than 2 m or more than 3 m. Fastening or deflecting guy ropes at different guy radii can enable a different force application or transmission to the tower wall, e.g. through a steeper force distribution. For more effective guying, the tower structure 900, for example, can be additionally stabilized with guy wires with a smaller or larger guy radius r' than r.

[0059] In another embodiment, tower structures may include guy wires with different guy radii and guy heights. For example, a first guy wire may extend below a second guy wire by crossing the two guy wires. In another example, a first guy wire with a different guy radius and / or guy height may extend from the ground toward the tower below a second guy wire.

[0060] Guying cables are particularly suitable for high towers or masts and can enable a slim design of the tower structure. As shown in Fig. 1 As shown, a tower structure can be oriented in plan in three directions with a mutual angle of 360 ° n = 120 ° , with n being the number of guying directions, and generally multiple guyed in elevation. With increasing guying height, the spacing of the guying areas 105 on a foundation structure can increase.

[0061] Other tower design examples may differ from the figures shown. For example, a tower structure may comprise 4, 5, 6, or more guy wires in various guying directions. The tower structure can be guyed symmetrically or asymmetrically, for example, to enable better load distribution.

[0062] Further details and optional aspects of the tower structure 100 are described in connection with the proposed concept or one or more of the examples described above or below.

[0063] The following description explains tower structures in more detail in relation to foundations.

[0064] Some embodiments relate to tower structures. The tower structure comprises a tower along a vertical tower axis and a foundation for supporting the tower, wherein the tower stands on the foundation. The foundation has an outer force deflection region which is at a radial distance from the tower axis. The tower structure further comprises a first guy structure. The first guy structure extends from the outer force deflection region to a part of the tower above the foundation. The first guy structure or a second guy structure coupled to the first guy structure at the outer force deflection region extends from the outer force deflection region to an inner guy region below the outer force deflection region. A radial distance of the inner guy region from the tower axis is smaller than the radial distance of the outer force deflection region.

[0065] The foundation can absorb a weight force or at least part of the weight force of the tower and transfer it into the ground. The foundation can be coupled to the tower and enable vertical alignment of the tower along the tower axis. The tower structure can be guyed via the guy structure(s) in order to reduce bending stress on the tower. The guy structure can absorb a tensile force. The tensile force on the first guy structure, optionally coupled to the second guy structure, can be redirected via the outer force deflection area of the foundation. The first guy structure can be redirected at the outer force deflection area or the first guy structure can be coupled to the second guy structure so that at least one guy structure can extend from the tower above the foundation in the direction below the foundation to the inner guy area.The inner guying area can enable fastening, tensioning, or deflection of the first or second guy structure below the foundation. The fastening, tensioning, or deflection of the guy structure at the inner guying area can be closer to the tower axis than at the outer force deflection area. By deflecting the forces at the outer force deflection area and the inner guying area, the tensile force acting in the guy structure can be introduced as a compressive force into the foundation or into a device coupled to the foundation. To convert the tensile force into compressive force, the inner guying area can, for example, be designed at the foundation or at the device coupled to the foundation. The force deflection or force conversion can enable effective guying of the tower with a smaller guying radius.Using the outer force deflection area, the maximum guy radius can be limited to the radial distance of the outer force deflection area. A smaller guy radius can reduce the tower structure's space requirements. A smaller space requirement can lower the costs of securing the tower structure or reduce the demands on the tower structure's terrain topology.

[0066] The foundation can be any object suitable for supporting the tower. The foundation can be made of reinforced concrete, for example. When viewed from above, oriented perpendicular to the tower axis, the foundation can be circular or rectangular, or it can include multiple arms. Multiple arms can form a cruciform or star-shaped foundation, for example.

[0067] The foundation can have the outer force deflection area at its outer boundary or at the outer edge. The outer force deflection area can be formed, for example, by a specific shape of the outer edge of the foundation. The outer force deflection area can be formed, for example, by a rounded portion, a depression, a bulge, a protrusion, or an additional device on the outer edge of the foundation. An additional device can be, for example, a fastening device or an element for coupling the first and second guy structures. The outer force deflection area can determine the force distribution in the guy structure and in the foundation.

[0068] The inner guying area can be located below the foundation and optionally also below the tower. The inner guying area can be a part of the foundation that has a smaller radial distance from the tower axis than the radial distance of the outer force deflection area. The inner guying area can be part of any structure, provided the inner guying area is located below the foundation and at a smaller radial distance than the radial distance of the foundation. The inner guying area is, for example, a fixing device for attaching the guy structure to the foundation, a depression, a bulge, a raised area or a rounded section for connecting, deflecting or wrapping the guy structure to / on / around the foundation or any device below the foundation.

[0069] The radial distance of the outer force deflection area can, for example, be more than 10 m, more than 20 m, more than 30 m, and / or less than 50 m, less than 30 m, or less than 20 m. The inner guying area can, for example, be matched to the radial distance of the outer force deflection area and, for example, have a radial distance of less than 5 m, less than 10 m, or less than 15 m. The inner guying area can, for example, have a depth of more than 1 m, more than 1.5 m, or more than 2 m relative to the outer force deflection area.

[0070] The guy structure can absorb a tensile force and enable the absorbed tensile force to be transferred to the foundation and / or a device below the foundation. For example, the guy structure is a steel cable, a steel chain or a combination of coupled cables, chains and / or rods. The guy structure can be one-piece and be formed, for example, by the first guy structure (e.g. a guy cable). The guy structure can be multi-piece and be formed, for example, by the first and second guy structures or further guy structures. Compared to a one-piece guy structure, a two-piece or multi-piece guy structure can comprise sections with different diameters, shapes, structures or materials. The guy structure can be deformed or bent at the outer force deflection area for deflection.

[0071] The tower can be any height that extends from the ground to a certain height. Further configurations of the tower can be as described above.

[0072] The tower's axis can be perpendicular, for example, to a spanned surface of the foundation or to a surface on which the tower is erected. Further configurations of the tower axis can be as described above.

[0073] For effective guying, the tower structure can comprise more than one guy structure, more than one outer force deflection area, and more than one inner guy area. For example, a tower structure can comprise two, three, or more guy structures, outer force deflection areas, and / or inner guy areas. Guy structures, outer force deflection areas, and inner guy areas can be distributed on or to the foundation in such a way that the tower can be loaded as evenly as possible. For example, guy structures, outer force deflection areas, and inner guy areas can be arranged symmetrically or at the same angle with respect to the tower axis or to each other.According to one example, a tower structure may comprise as many guy structures as outer force deflection areas and / or inner guy areas, more guy structures than outer force deflection areas and / or inner guy areas, or fewer guy structures than outer force deflection areas and / or inner guy areas.

[0074] Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of a tower structure 1000 with a tower 1002 along a vertical tower axis 1004 and a (e.g., first) foundation 1030 for supporting the tower 1002. The tower 1002 stands on the foundation 1030. The foundation 1030 has an outer force deflection region 1032, which has a radial distance r from the tower axis 1004. Furthermore, the foundation 1030 has a first guy structure 1036. The first guy structure 1036 extends from the outer force deflection region 1032 to a part of the tower 1002 above the foundation 1030. The first guy structure 1036 extends from the outer force deflection region 1032 to an inner guy region 1038 below the outer force deflection region 1032. The radial distance r 2 of the inner guy region 1038 is smaller relative to the tower axis 1004 than the radial distance r of the outer force deflection region 1032.

[0075] In another embodiment, the first guy structure is coupled to a second guy structure at the outer force deflection region 1032, such that the second guy structure extends from the outer force deflection region 1032 to the inner guy region 1038 below the outer force deflection region 1032. In this embodiment, the first guy structure and the second guy structure can be viewed as a two-part guy structure 1036, which extends, on the one hand, from the outer force deflection region 1032 to a part of the tower 1002 above the foundation 1030 and, on the other hand, from the outer force deflection region 1032 to the inner guy region 1038 below the outer force deflection region 1032. In the following, the tower structure 1000 is considered in connection with the first (one-part) guy structure 1036. This is merely for simplification and is not to be understood as a limitation of the described concept.

[0076] The outer force deflection area 1032 allows the guy structure 1036 to be deflected at the foundation 1030. For example, this avoids the need to attach the guy structure 1036 to the foundation 1030, to the outer part of the foundation 1030, or to a separate anchoring element outside the foundation radius r. The outer force deflection area 1032 allows the guy structure 1036 to be guided beneath the foundation 1030, so that forces can be deflected and compressive forces can be introduced into the foundation 1030. Since the foundation material, such as concrete, can absorb higher compressive forces than tensile forces, this type of force deflection can enable effective load distribution of the guy forces onto the tower structure 1000. For example, the foundation can be designed as a cast-in-place concrete or prefabricated foundation or a combination thereof.

[0077] Compared to a guying with anchoring elements outside the foundation radius r, in the Fig. 10 In the embodiment shown, guying with a smaller guy radius is possible due to the effective load deflection. Smaller guy radii can allow for a smaller space requirement for the tower structure 1000. Further aspects regarding smaller guy radii can, as described above, be considered in connection with Fig. 7 or Fig. 9 be considered.

[0078] In Fig. 10 By way of example, force vectors F rope acting on the guy structure 1036 and F pressure acting on the outer force deflection region 1032 and on the foundation 1030 or 1031 are shown. The tensile forces F rope acting on the guy structure 1036 can be transferred through the outer force deflection region 1032 as a compressive force F pressure and through the inner guy region 1038 effectively in the form of a compressive force to the foundation 1030.

[0079] The tower structure in Fig. 10 shows the inner guy area 1038 as part of a second foundation 1031. The second foundation 1031 is located below the first foundation 1030. The second foundation 1031 can, for example, be made of a different material than the foundation 1030. The second foundation 1031 can be connected to the foundation 1030 using a suitable fastening method such that a suitable force transfer to the foundation 1030 can take place.

[0080] In another embodiment, the second foundation 1031 may be spaced apart from the foundation 1030. For example, a material or medium suitable for force transmission may be located between the foundation 1030 and the second foundation 1031. For example, the material may originate from the ground and be earth, gravel, or sand. In another embodiment, the second foundation 1031 may be only partially located below the foundation 1030. For example, parts of the second foundation 1031 may be located outside the foundation radius r of the foundation 1030.

[0081] In another embodiment, the inner guying region 1038 may be part of the foundation 1030. In this case, for example, the second foundation 1031 is part of the foundation 1030.

[0082] The compressive force F pressure transmitted from the first guy structure 1036 to the outer force deflection area 1032 can act on the foundation 1030 at an angle Y. The angle Y can include the angle between the compressive force F pressure at the outer force deflection area 1032 and the horizontal plane along the foundation 1030 perpendicular to the tower axis 1004. For effective load deflection, the angle Y can be at least 15° and a maximum of 30°. For example, the angle Υ can be 15°, 16°, 20°, 25° or 30°. For example, the angle Y can be determined via the height H. The height H can correspond to the depth or the distance of the inner guy area 1038 relative to an arm of the foundation 1030. The height H can be determined, for example, via the relationship H = tan(β - 2Υ) r, where β, as in Fig. 10 As shown, it encloses the angle between the cable force F cable and the horizontal plane. For example, the height H between the inner guy area and the foundation 1030 can be 1 m or more.

[0083] According to another embodiment, a tower structure comprises the foundation 1030 with a second outer force deflection region, which has a second radial distance r' from the tower axis 1004. The second radial distance r' of the second force deflection region differs from the (first) radial distance r of the (first) outer force deflection region 1030 by at least 20% of the (first) radial distance r. A further guying structure extends from the second outer force deflection region to a part of the tower 1002 above the foundation 1030. By means of a second outer force deflection region with a radial distance r' different from the radial distance r of the (first) outer force deflection region 1032, the tower structure 1000 can be guyed with different guying radii. As also explained in connection with Fig. 7 and Fig. 9 As described, tower structures with different guy radii can promote a different force transmission or distribution on the tower wall.

[0084] In the Fig. 10 In the tower structure 1000 shown, the first guying structure 1036 can be a guy rope that extends from the tower 1002 via the outer force deflection area 1032 to the inner guy rope area 1038. Further examples of guying structures 1036 are chains, rods, or other elements suitable for transferring an absorbed tensile force into a compressive force acting on the outer force deflection area 1032. Guying structures can differ in type, material, shape, or diameter, or can be one-piece or multi-piece. For example, a guying structure is a combination of a first guy rope that has a first diameter and extends above the foundation and a second guy rope that has a second diameter and extends below the foundation. For example, a guy rope can be made of steel and have a thickness of 40-120 mm.A steel guy rope can be designed as a stranded rope, for example, a round strand rope, or as a spiral strand rope, for example, a semi-locked or fully locked spiral rope. Alternatively, the steel guy rope can be designed as a low-stretch or electromechanical rope.

[0085] The inner guying area 1038 can be equipped with a connecting or deflecting device on the foundation 1031 for connecting or deflecting the guying structure 1036 to / on the foundation 1038. The guying structure 1036 can be connected to the foundation 1031, for example, by means of a screw, a tube, a loop, a wrap, a hook, a flange, or another device for fastening, tensioning, or coupling the guying structure. Alternatively, the guying structure 1036 can be deflected towards the tower 1002 via a further force deflection area on the foundation 1031. The deflection can, for example, couple the guying structure 1036 to the tower 1002. As a result, a force to be transmitted can be introduced, for example, into the tower wall.

[0086] Further details and optional aspects of the tower structure 1000 are described in connection with the proposed concept or one or more of the examples described above or below.

[0087] Some embodiments relate to tower structures. A tower structure comprises a tower along a vertical tower axis and a foundation for supporting the tower, wherein the tower stands on the foundation. The foundation has an outer force deflection region located outside a base area of the tower. The tower structure further comprises a guy structure extending from an outer side of the tower to the outer force deflection region and extending from the outer force deflection region through an opening in the foundation from below the tower to a mounting structure inside the tower.

[0088] The foundation can absorb the weight of the tower or at least part of it and transfer it into the ground. The foundation can be coupled to the tower and enable the tower to be aligned vertically along the tower axis. The tower structure can be guyed via the guy structure in order to reduce bending stress on the tower. The guy structure can absorb a tensile force. The tensile force on the guy structure can be redirected via the outer force deflection area of the foundation. The guy structure can be redirected at the outer force deflection area so that the guy structure can extend from the outside of the tower above the foundation in a direction below the foundation through the opening in the foundation to the fastening structure inside the tower. The fastening structure can enable the guy structure to be coupled to the inside of the tower, e.g. to the inside wall of the tower.By redirecting forces at the outer force deflection area and the fastening structure inside the tower, the tensile force acting in the guying structure can be transferred into the foundation as a compressive force. Furthermore, the force transmitted by the guying structure can be transferred into the tower interior. This force redirection or force conversion can enable effective guying of the tower with a smaller guying radius. The outer force deflection area can limit the maximum guying radius to the radial distance of the outer force deflection area. A smaller guying radius can reduce the space required by the tower structure. A smaller space requirement can lower the costs of securing the tower structure or reduce the demands on the topology of the tower structure.

[0089] The foundation can be any object suitable for supporting the tower. The foundation can be made of reinforced concrete, for example. When viewed from above, for example perpendicular to the tower axis, the foundation can be circular or square, or it can comprise multiple arms. Multiple arms can form a cross-shaped or star-shaped foundation, for example. The foundation can have an opening through which the guy structure can extend from below the foundation towards the interior of the tower. The opening can be round, square, or tubular, for example. The opening can encompass the tower axis or be offset from the tower axis. The opening in the foundation can be designed as a cavity that can be used, for example, for the arrangement of systems or devices.

[0090] The foundation can have the outer force deflection area at its outer boundary or at the outer edge. The outer force deflection area can be located outside the base area of the tower, e.g. the erection area of the tower or the area delimited by an outer wall of the tower. The outer force deflection area can be formed, for example, by a specific shape of the outer edge of the foundation. The outer force deflection area can be formed, for example, by a rounded area, a depression, a bulge, a raised area or an additional device on the outer edge of the foundation. An additional device can, for example, be a fastening device or an element for coupling a two-part or multi-part guyed structure. The outer force deflection area can, for example, determine the force distribution in the guyed structure and in the foundation through its position, shape or structure.

[0091] The fastening structure can be located inside the tower, for example on the inside wall of the tower. The inner guying area can be a part of the tower structure, such as a flange, or any device for coupling the guying structure to the inside of the tower (e.g. an inside of the tower wall). The fastening structure can be located above the foundation and have a smaller radial distance from the tower axis than the radial distance of the outer force deflection area. The radial distance of the outer force deflection area can be, for example, more than 10 m, more than 20 m, more than 30 m or more. The fastening device can, for example, be the deflection structure according to the embodiments described above. The fastening device can be a recess, a bulge, a raised area, an opening or a rounded portion for connecting or deflecting the guying structure to / on the inside of the tower.

[0092] The guy structure can absorb a tensile force and enable the absorbed tensile force to be transferred to the foundation and, by means of the fastening structure, into the interior of the tower. For example, the guy structure is a steel cable, a steel chain, or a combination of interconnected rods. The guy structure can be one-piece and formed, for example, by the first guy structure. The guy structure can be multi-piece and formed, for example, by the first and second guy structures or further guy structures. Compared to a one-piece guy structure, a two-piece or multi-piece guy structure can, for example, comprise sections with different diameters, shapes, structures, or materials. The guy structure can be deformed at least in the outer force deflection area.

[0093] The tower can be any height that extends from the ground to a certain height. Further configurations of the tower can be as described above.

[0094] The tower's axis can be perpendicular, for example, to a spanned surface of the foundation or to a surface on which the tower is erected. Further configurations of the tower axis can be as described above.

[0095] For effective guying, the tower structure may comprise more than one guy structure, more than one outer force deflection area, and more than one attachment structure. For example, a tower structure may comprise two, three, or more guy structures, outer force deflection areas, and / or attachment structures. Guy structures, outer force deflection areas, and attachment structures may be distributed on or to the foundation in such a way that the tower can be loaded as evenly as possible. For example, guy structures, outer force deflection areas, and attachment structures may be arranged symmetrically or at the same angle with respect to the tower axis or to each other.According to one example, a tower structure may comprise as many guy structures as outer force deflection areas and / or attachment structures, more guy structures than outer force deflection areas and / or attachment structures, or fewer guy structures than outer force deflection areas and / or attachment structures.

[0096] Fig. 11 shows a further embodiment of a tower structure 1100 with a tower 1102 along a vertical tower axis 1104 and a foundation 1130 for supporting the tower 1102. The tower 1102 stands on the foundation 1130. The foundation 1130 has an outer force deflection region 1132 which lies outside a base area of the tower 1102. The tower structure 1100 includes a guy structure 1136 which extends from an outer side of the tower 1102 to the outer force deflection region 1132 and extends from the outer force deflection region 1132 through an opening 1139 in the foundation 1130 from below the tower 1102 to a fastening structure 1140 inside the tower.

[0097] The outer force deflection region 1132 allows the guy structure 1136 to be deflected at the foundation 1130. For example, this can avoid attaching the guy structure 1136 to the foundation 1130, to the outer part of the foundation 1130, or to a separate anchoring element outside the foundation radius r. The outer force deflection region 1132 allows the guy structure 1136 to be guided beneath the foundation 1130, so that force deflection and introduction of compressive forces into the foundation 1130 can occur. Since the foundation material, such as concrete, can absorb higher compressive forces than tensile forces, this type of force deflection can enable effective load distribution of the guy forces onto the tower structure 1100.

[0098] Compared to guying with anchoring elements outside the foundation radius r, guying with a smaller guy radius can be implemented due to a more effective load transfer in the tower structure 1100. Aspects regarding smaller guy radii can be found in the explanations in connection with Fig. 7 , 9 and 10 relate.

[0099] Compared to Fig. 10 , the tower structure 1100 does not have an inner guying area located below the outer force deflection area 1132. In the tower structure 1100, the guying structure 1136 is coupled to a fastening structure 1140 inside the tower, so that a force transmitted via the guying structure 1136 can be introduced, for example, into a tower structure. For example, the fastening structure 1140 is attached to the tower wall of the tower 1102 or to a transverse flange or longitudinal flange of the tower 1102.

[0100] The tower structure 1100 has an inner force deflection area 1138, through which the guy structure 1136 is guided into the tower interior. As shown in Fig. 11 As shown, the guy structure 1136 extends from the outer force deflection region 1132 via the inner force deflection region 1138 to the fastening structure 1140. The outer force deflection region 1132 has a first radial distance r from the tower axis 1104 and is arranged at a first depth T 1 . The inner force deflection region 1138 has a second radial distance r 2 from the tower axis 1104 and is arranged at a second depth T 2 . The second radial distance r 2 is smaller than the first radial distance r and the first depth T 1 is greater than the second depth T 2 . For example, the first depth T 1 of the outer force deflection region 1132 is at least 1 m greater than the second depth T 2 of the inner force deflection region 1138. The depth T 1 of the outer force deflection region 1132 is, for example, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 5 m greater than the second depth T 2 of the inner force deflection region 1138.

[0101] The inner force deflection area 1138 allows for a suitable force transmission from the guy structure 1136 to the foundation 1130. In Fig. 11 By way of example, force vectors F rope acting on the guy structure 1136 and F pressure acting on the outer force deflection area 1132 and the inner force deflection area 1138 of the foundation 1130 are shown. The tensile force F rope acting on the guy structure 1136 can be effectively transferred to the foundation 1030 as a compressive force F pressure through the outer force deflection area 1132 and the inner force deflection area 1138. The force distribution can be different from that shown depending on the radii r and r 2 and the depths T 1 and T 2 and the relationship to one another.

[0102] The direction of the pressure force F pressure at the outer force deflection area 1132 can be described by the angle Y. As in Fig. 11 As shown, the angle Y refers to a horizontal plane perpendicular to the tower axis 1104 and is, for example, at least 30° and a maximum of 60°. The angle Y can be, for example, 30°, 35°, 40°, 50°, or 60°, or any value suitable for power transmission.

[0103] For example, the guy structure 1136 may be a guy wire. In another example, the guy structure 1136 may be of any type suitable for effectively guying tower structures. Other examples of guy structures 1136 may be those described above in connection with the tower structures, e.g., tower structure 1000.

[0104] In another embodiment, the guy structure 1136 includes a first guy cable extending from the outside of the tower 1102 to the outer force deflection region 1132. The guy structure 1136 also includes a second guy cable extending from the outer force deflection region 1132 through the opening 1139 in the foundation to the attachment structure 1140. In the aforementioned embodiment, the guy structure 1136 can be considered a two-part guy structure 1136. The first and second guy cables can be connected to each other, for example, at the outer force deflection region 1132. The two-part, or in other examples, multi-part, guy structure 1136 can be preferred, for example, for better force transmission to the foundation 1130 or generally for better guying of the tower structure 1100.The first guy rope can differ from the second guy rope, for example in terms of rope thickness, material type or structure.

[0105] In the Fig. 11 In the embodiment shown, the foundation 1130 has a central cavity beneath the tower 1102. The central cavity forms the opening 1139 in the foundation 1130, through which the guy structure 1136 extends. In general, the cavity can be of any desired design, so that the guy structure 1136 can extend from the outer force-deflecting region 1132 to the fastening structure 1140 inside the tower. For example, a base area spanning the cavity can be circular, rectangular, square, trapezoidal, elliptical, or annular. The cavity can be large enough to be used by other guy structures simultaneously. For example, the cavity can be offset from the tower axis 1104 toward the inner force-deflecting region 1138, so that the cavity does not encompass the tower axis 1104. For example, the cavity can be smaller than shown and designed only for the guy structure 1136.Further cavities may be formed in the foundation 1130 for additional guy structures.

[0106] According to one embodiment, the tower structure 1100 may include a device or operating system arranged in the central cavity. In this case, the central cavity may be referred to as a foundation cellar, for example. The device or operating system may be housed or stored in the cavity. Examples of devices or operating systems include equipment, transformers, converters, spare parts, tools, cables, first aid equipment, energy supply systems, maintenance systems, or ventilation systems.

[0107] For example, the central cavity can be ventilated. The cavity can be ventilated through a ventilation opening through the foundation 1130 or through a ventilation duct beneath the foundation 1130. The cavity can be air-conditioned through the ventilation opening or the ventilation duct. The ventilation opening can be formed in the foundation 1130 such that, for example, an air flow can be introduced from an external environment of the tower structure 1100 into the tower interior by means of a hose or duct. The ventilation duct can correspond to a hose that is led from the cavity beneath the foundation 1130 toward the earth's surface. By routing the ventilation duct beneath the foundation 1130, the ventilation opening in the foundation 1130 can be avoided.

[0108] In one embodiment, the foundation 1130 has a further outer force deflection region, which has a radial distance r' from the tower axis 1104, which differs from the radial distance r of the outer force deflection region 1132 by at least 20% of the radial distance r of the outer force deflection region. A further guying structure extends from an outer side of the tower 1102 to the further outer force deflection region. Due to the further (e.g. second) outer force deflection region with a radial distance r' different from the radial distance r of the (first) outer force deflection region 1132, the tower structure 1100 can be guyed with different guy radii. As described above, tower structures with different guy radii can promote a different force transmission or distribution to the tower wall.

[0109] In general, external force deflection areas, such as force deflection areas 1032 or 1132, can have a curvature with a limited permissible radius of curvature. Twice the radius of curvature, or the diameter of the curvature, can be larger than a minimum bending roll diameter of the guy wire. Limiting the curvature can also affect the internal force deflection area 1138. Limiting the force deflection areas to a maximum permissible curvature can ensure that the compressive strength of the foundation material, such as concrete, is not exceeded and / or that a guy structure is not damaged by excessive deformation and simultaneous force application.

[0110] Further details and optional aspects of the tower structure 1100 are described in connection with the proposed concept or one or more of the examples described above or below.

[0111] Some embodiments relate to foundations for supporting a tower. The foundation comprises a first arm extending in a first direction up to a maximum radial distance from a center point of a tower erection area of the foundation. The foundation further comprises a second arm extending in a second direction up to a maximum radial distance from a center point of the tower erection area of the foundation, wherein the foundation extends between the first arm and the second arm at least up to a minimum radial distance from the center point of the tower erection area of the foundation, wherein the minimum radial distance is at least 25% (or at least 35%) and at most 70% (or at most 60% or at most 50%) of the maximum radial distance of the first arm.

[0112] The foundation can absorb the weight of the tower or at least part of it. The arms can, for example, prevent tipping in a particular direction. The arms can also serve as anchor points or deflection points for guy structures. For example, the first arm of the foundation can be used for a first guy structure and the second arm of the foundation for a second guy structure. Guy structures can be deflected or attached to the arms of the foundation to enable efficient guying of the tower. The guy structures can transfer forces to the foundation. By spanning the area over the minimum radial distance, the force acting on the first and second arms can be reduced. The force can be distributed more evenly throughout the foundation. According to the concept described, the foundation can absorb more forces up to a maximum permissible load.Furthermore, the foundation can have a shape that requires less space.

[0113] The foundation can be any object suitable for supporting the tower. The foundation can be made of reinforced concrete, for example. The foundation can have an external force deflection area on the first and / or second arm. In plan view, the foundation at the end of an arm can be rounded, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, or otherwise shaped. The maximum radial distance of the first arm and the second arm can be the same or different relative to the center of the tower erection area. For example, the maximum radial distances of the first arm and the second arm can independently be 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, 30 m, or more.

[0114] The minimum radial distance can be located midway between the first arm and the second arm and can be at least 25% and a maximum of 70%, such as more than 25%, more than 30%, more than 40%, more than 50%, more than 60%, and less than 70%, of the maximum radial distance of the first arm. The foundation can be elliptical, oval, concave, convex, parabolic, triangular, polygonal, or otherwise shaped in its outer boundary, from the maximum radial distance of the first arm through the minimum radial distance to the maximum radial distance of the second arm.

[0115] The tower erection area can comprise the area in the foundation enclosed by the tower above the foundation. The tower erection area can be defined in its outer boundary by the outer wall of the tower. The center of the tower erection area can be defined by an axis of symmetry or a geometric center of gravity of the tower erection area. A tower axis of the tower can extend from the center of the tower erection area, as described above.

[0116] The first direction of the first arm and the second direction of the second arm can be different. The first and second directions can be perpendicular to each other or enclose any angle, such as 30°, 45°, 60°, 72°, 90°, 120°, or more. The angle between the arms can be determined by the total number of arms of the foundation. The foundation can comprise more than two arms, such as three, four, five, or more. The foundation can be symmetrical in plan view.

[0117] The tower can be any height that extends from the ground to a certain height. Further configurations of the tower can be as described above.

[0118] In the following, in connection with Fig. 12 An embodiment of a foundation is described. Foundation 1230 may, for example, be foundation 630, 730, 1030, 1130, or another type.

[0119] Fig. 12 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a foundation 1230 for supporting a tower, e.g., tower 102. The foundation 1230 comprises a first arm 1242, which extends in a first direction 1243 up to a maximum radial distance r 1 from a center point 1246 of a tower erection area 1247 of the foundation 1230. Furthermore, the foundation 1230 comprises a second arm 1244, which extends in a second direction 1245 up to a maximum radial distance r 1 ' from the center point 1246 of the tower erection area 1247 of the foundation 1230. Furthermore, the foundation 1230 extends between the first arm 1242 and the second arm 1244 at least to a minimum radial distance rm from the center point 1246 of the tower erection area 1247 of the foundation 1230. The minimum radial distance rm is at least 25% and at most 70% of the maximum radial distance r 1 of the first arm 1242.

[0120] The shape of the foundation 1230 with the first arm 1242, the second arm 1244 and the transition region, over which the foundation extends from the first arm 1242 to the second arm 1242 over the minimum radial distance rm, can contribute to better force introduction into the foundation 1230 or a more even force distribution in the foundation 1230. By means of the transition region, which is spanned over the minimum radial distance rm, a load on the first arm 1242 and a load on the second arm 1244 can be reduced and distributed over the transition region. A load on the first or second arm 1242, 1244 or in general on the foundation 1230 can arise from guying, such as a first guying structure acting on the first arm 1242 and a second guying structure acting on the second arm 1244.A load on the foundation 1230 can also be caused by the gravity of the tower, which is arranged on the installation area 1247 of the foundation 1230.

[0121] Fig. 12 shows the foundation 1230 with an equal radial distance r 1 and r 1 '. In another embodiment, the maximum radial distance r 1 from the first arm 1242 may differ by less than 10% from the maximum radial distance r 1 ' from the second arm 1244. A difference in the radii may be due to manufacturing or may be considered for better or different, such as asymmetric, force distribution in the foundation 1230.

[0122] Fig. 12 shows the foundation 1230 with a total of four arms, which are aligned at a 90° angle to each other. Between each arm, the foundation 1230 extends over the minimum radial distance rm . Other embodiments are not limited to four arms, the radii shown, or a symmetrical shape. Other embodiments of foundations comprise at least three or more arms, wherein in a plan view there is an equal angle between the center axes of each two adjacent arms. If a foundation has n arms, the angle between the arms is, for example, 360 ° n .

[0123] In another embodiment, a foundation can have at least a first arm with a radial distance r 1, a second arm with a radial distance r 1 ' < r 1 and a third arm with a radial distance r 1 " = r 1. The foundation extends from the first arm over the minimum radial distance to the second arm and from the second arm over the minimum radial distance to the third arm. With this form, which includes different maximum radial distances r 1 and r 1 ', a force distribution in the foundation can also be symmetrical. With this form, a tower can be guyed with different guy radii.

[0124] Fig. 12 shows the foundation 1230, which extends from the first arm to the second arm with a curvature. The curvature between the first arm 1242 and the second arm 1244 can be described by an arc. The arc can refer to a circle having its center between the first arm 1242 and the second arm 1244. The center of the circle can lie on an axis that encompasses the distance from the center point 1246 of a tower erection area 1247 to the minimum radial distance rm of the foundation 1230.

[0125] In another embodiment, the foundation 1230 has a curvature in an outer contour in plan view between the first and second arms 1242, 1244 with a maximum deviation of 10% from a constant curvature. The curvature with a maximum deviation of 10% can, for example, refer to at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, or at least 60% of the outer contour (e.g., in a center) between the first and second arms.

[0126] In another embodiment, the outer contour of the foundation 1230 between the first arm 1242 and the second arm 1244 may be elliptical, oval, concave, convex, parabolic, triangular, polygonal or otherwise shaped such that the foundation 1230 has a minimum radial distance rm between the first and second arms.

[0127] Further details and optional aspects of the tower structure 100 are described in connection with the proposed concept or one or more of the examples described above or below.

[0128] Examples of tower structures or foundations can be combined as desired, for example with regard to the guy structures, the deflection structures, the deflection arrangements, the outer and inner force deflection areas, the inner guy areas, the fastening structures, the cavity in the foundation.

[0129] Examples of tower structures, foundations, or guy wires can be used for wind turbines. A wind turbine, for example, comprises tower structure 100, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, or 1100 and / or foundation 1030, 1031, 1130, or 1230.

[0130] Fig. 13 shows a schematic cross-section of a wind turbine 1350 according to an embodiment. The wind turbine 1350 comprises a tower 1302 and a nacelle 1352 with a hub 1355 and a connected rotor 1354.

[0131] For example, the rotor diameter is 100 m or more. For example, the hub height is 120 m or more. The wind turbine 1350 can be deflected toward the ground using guy structures 1306a and / or 1306b, e.g., via deflection structures. Guy structures such as 1306a can be deflected at the outer force deflection areas of the foundation 1330. Alternatively or additionally, guy structures such as 1306b can be attached to individual foundations outside the foundation 1330. For example, the foundation radius is 10-30 m, depending on the foundation shape.

[0132] Fig. 13shows the wind turbine with tower sections. Wind turbines, for example, comprise tubular steel towers. In another embodiment, a wind turbine or tower structure that incorporates efficient guying according to one of the concepts described above can have undivided tower sections. The bending stress in the supporting structure of wind turbines with large hub heights, such as >140 m, can be reduced by up to 50% using cable guying. This can also reduce the material used for the supporting structures by up to 30%. In addition, the tower base diameters could be designed within the transport framework of, for example, 4.40 m.

[0133] For example, the guying height on tower 1302 is at least 10-120m or 20-120m above ground level. For example, the maximum guying height is the hub height of the wind turbine 1350 minus the rotor radius. Optionally, additional guying levels can be installed below.

[0134] The above-mentioned exemplary embodiments are not limited to wind turbines, but can also be applied to other applications such as power pylons, wind measurement masts, sail masts, chimneys, or towers in general. Examples of tower structures and foundations can be used for towers higher than 50m, higher than 100m, higher than 140m, higher than 160m, or higher than 180m, for example.

[0135] Further embodiments may relate to guying devices and their anchoring devices, which are aligned below the ground level. Any tower bending moments that occur can be diverted via the guying devices into the ground level or into the foundation. The anchoring devices of the tower guying devices can be independent of the actual tower foundation, or the acting forces can be redirected to an additional anchoring device located below the tower foundation. In another embodiment, the anchoring device can be part of the foundation.

[0136] Guying can be carried from one guying area through the tower / mast to a second guying area on the ground. Three, four, or more guying areas on the ground can be used, with a mutual angle of 120°, 90°, or 360° (number of guying areas). The guying areas can be implemented separately or as part of the tower / mast foundation.

[0137] To reduce the space required for the guy points on the ground and achieve effective load distribution, load redirection can be implemented according to the concept described above. For example, anchoring devices located in the ground can provide a second, separate foundation or an additional base support system below the existing tower foundation, which can absorb the tensile forces of the guy cables.

[0138] The described concept allows for reduced ground space requirements, thus avoiding the need for additional ground support. According to the example described above, a second foundation can be installed beneath the main foundation to absorb tensile forces. This allows the entire guying method to be considered a self-contained system that can be largely independent of soil properties and topology.

[0139] An example (e.g. example 1) relates to a tower structure comprising a tower along a vertical tower axis, and a guy wire which extends from a first guy wire direction to a deflection structure on or in the tower and extends from the deflection structure in a second guy wire direction towards the ground, wherein the first guy wire direction differs from the second guy wire direction, wherein the first guy wire direction and the second guy wire direction form an angle of less than 180° in a plan view, wherein the tower axis lies outside a region delimited by the guy wire between the first guy wire direction and the second guy wire direction.

[0140] A further example (e.g. Example 2) relates to a previous example (e.g. Example 2), wherein the deflection structure is connected to a tower wall of the tower in such a way that a force transmitted from the guy rope to the deflection structure is transmitted to the tower wall.

[0141] A further example (e.g., Example 3) relates to a previous example (e.g., one of Examples 1-2), wherein the deflection structure has a contact surface, wherein the guy rope rests on the contact surface.

[0142] A further example (e.g., Example 4) relates to a previous example (e.g., Example 3), wherein the contact surface is formed in a groove-shaped depression on a surface of the deflection structure.

[0143] A further example (e.g., Example 5) relates to a previous example (e.g., Example 3), wherein the deflection structure has a tubular region, wherein the contact surface is formed in the tubular region of the deflection structure.

[0144] Another example (e.g., Example 6) relates to a previous example (e.g., one of Examples 3-5), wherein the contact surface of the deflection structure has a curvature with a radius of curvature, wherein the twice the radius of curvature is larger than a minimum bending roller diameter of the guy wire.

[0145] A further example (e.g., Example 7) relates to a previous example (e.g., one of Examples 3-6), wherein the contact surface has a nature such that a friction coefficient between the contact surface and the guy rope is so large that a pre-tensioning of the guy rope or a fastening device creates a frictional engagement between the deflection structure and the guy rope.

[0146] Another example (e.g., Example 8) relates to a previous example (e.g., one of Examples 1-7), wherein the deflection structure is arranged inside the tower and is connected to an inner side of the tower wall.

[0147] A further example (e.g., Example 9) relates to a previous example (e.g., Example 8), wherein the deflection structure comprises at least one connecting element connecting a part of the deflection structure comprising the contact surface to the inside of the tower wall.

[0148] A further example (e.g. example 10) relates to a previous example (e.g. one of examples 8-9), wherein the tower wall has at least two openings through which the guy rope is guided from the outside to the deflection structure inside the tower.

[0149] Another example (e.g. Example 11) relates to a previous example (e.g. one of Examples 1-10), wherein the deflection structure is connected to the tower wall via a welded joint.

[0150] Another example (e.g., Example 12) relates to a previous example (e.g., any one of Examples 1-11), wherein a second guy wire extending from the tower toward the ground, wherein the guy wire and the second guy wire are attached to or deflected from a foundation structure at a distance of less than 1 m.

[0151] A further example (e.g., Example 13) relates to a previous example (e.g., Example 12), wherein the second guy rope extends from a third guy direction to a second deflection structure on or in the tower and extends from the second deflection structure in a fourth guy direction toward the ground.

[0152] Another example (e.g., Example 14) relates to a previous example (e.g., Example 13), wherein a deflection assembly comprising the deflection structure and the second deflection structure and having a central open region through which the tower axis passes.

[0153] Another example (e.g., Example 15) relates to a previous example (e.g., one of Examples 1-14), wherein the guy wire extends from a first guy height of the tower toward the ground, wherein another guy wire extends from a second guy height toward the ground, wherein the first guy height differs from the second guy height by more than 2 m.

[0154] A further example (e.g., example 16) relates to a previous example (e.g., one of examples 1-15), wherein a deflection element is connected to an outer side of the tower wall and is arranged at a lower height than the deflection structure on the tower, wherein the guy rope extends over the deflection element in the first guying direction to the deflection structure or extends from the second guying direction of the deflection structure over the deflection element towards the ground.

[0155] A further example (e.g., Example 17) relates to a previous example (e.g., Example 16), wherein the deflection element is designed to at least partially transfer a tensile force of the guy rope into a compressive force acting on the tower.

[0156] One example (e.g., Example 18) relates to a tower structure comprising a tower along a vertical tower axis; a foundation for supporting the tower, the tower standing on the foundation, the foundation having an outer force deflection region that is at a radial distance from the tower axis; and a first guy structure, the first guy structure extending from the outer force deflection region to a part of the tower above the foundation, the first guy structure or a second guy structure coupled to the first guy structure at the outer force deflection region extending from the outer force deflection region to an inner guy region below the outer force deflection region, a radial distance of the inner guy region from the tower axis being smaller than the radial distance of the outer force deflection region.

[0157] Another example (e.g. Example 19) refers to a previous example (e.g. Example 18), where the inner guy area is part of the foundation.

[0158] Another example (e.g., Example 20) relates to a previous example (e.g., Example 18), wherein the tower structure further comprises a second foundation located at least partially below the first foundation and spaced from the first foundation, wherein the inner guy region is a part of the second foundation.

[0159] A further example (e.g., Example 21) relates to a previous example (e.g., one of Examples 18-20), wherein a compressive force transmitted from the at least first guy structure to the outer force deflection region acts on the foundation, wherein the compressive force acts at the outer force deflection region at an angle to a horizontal plane perpendicular to the tower axis, wherein the angle is at least 15° and at most 30°.

[0160] Another example (e.g., Example 22) relates to a previous example (e.g., any of Examples 18-21), wherein the foundation includes a second outer force deflection region having a second radial distance from the tower axis that differs from a first radial distance of the outer force deflection region by at least 20% of the first radial distance, wherein a further guy structure extends from the second outer force deflection region to a portion of the tower above the foundation.

[0161] Another example (e.g., Example 23) relates to a previous example (e.g., one of Examples 18-22), wherein the first guy structure is a guy wire.

[0162] Another example (e.g., Example 24) relates to a previous example (e.g., Example 23), wherein the guy wire extends from the tower via the outer force deflection region to the inner guy region.

[0163] One example (e.g., Example 25) relates to a tower structure comprising a tower along a vertical tower axis; a foundation for supporting the tower, the tower being supported on the foundation, the foundation having an outer force deflection region located outside a base area of the tower; and a guy structure extending from an exterior of the tower to the outer force deflection region and extending from the outer force deflection region through an opening in the foundation from below the tower to a mounting structure inside the tower.

[0164] Another example (e.g., Example 26) relates to a previous example (e.g., Example 25), wherein the attachment structure is attached to the tower wall of the tower or a transverse flange or longitudinal flange of the tower.

[0165] Another example (e.g., Example 27) relates to a previous example (e.g., one of Examples 25-26), wherein the guy structure is a guy rope.

[0166] Another example (e.g., Example 28) relates to a previous example (e.g., any of Examples 25-27), wherein the guy structure includes a first guy cable extending from the exterior of the tower to the outer force deflection region and a second guy cable extending from the outer force deflection region through the opening in the foundation to the attachment structure.

[0167] Another example (e.g., Example 29) relates to a previous example (e.g., any of Examples 25-28), wherein the foundation has an inner force deflection region, wherein the guy structure extends from the outer force deflection region across the inner force deflection region to the attachment structure.

[0168] Another example (e.g., Example 30) relates to a previous example (e.g., Example 29), wherein the outer force deflection region has a first radial distance from the tower axis and is disposed at a first depth, and the inner force deflection region has a second radial distance from the tower axis and is disposed at a second depth, wherein the second radial distance is less than the first radial distance and the first depth is greater than the second depth.

[0169] Another example (e.g., Example 31) relates to a previous example (e.g., Example 30), wherein the first depth of the outer force deflection region is at least 1 m greater than the second depth of the inner force deflection region.

[0170] A further example (e.g., Example 32) relates to a previous example (e.g., one of Examples 25-31), wherein a compressive force transmitted from the guy structure to the outer force deflection region acts on the foundation, wherein the compressive force acts at the outer force deflection region at an angle to a horizontal plane perpendicular to the tower axis, wherein the angle is at least 30° and at most 60°.

[0171] Another example (e.g. Example 33) relates to a previous example (e.g. one of Examples 25-32) where the foundation has a central cavity under the tower.

[0172] Another example (e.g. Example 34) relates to a previous example (e.g. Example 33), where the central cavity forms the opening in the foundation through which the guy structure extends.

[0173] Another example (e.g., Example 35) relates to a previous example (e.g., any one of Examples 33-34), wherein a device or operating equipment disposed in the central cavity.

[0174] A further example (e.g., Example 36) relates to a previous example (e.g., any of Examples 33-35) wherein the central cavity is ventilated, the ventilation of the cavity being provided by a ventilation opening through the foundation or a ventilation duct beneath the foundation.

[0175] Another example (e.g., Example 37) relates to a previous example (e.g., any of Examples 33-36), wherein the foundation includes a further outer force deflection region having a radial distance from the tower axis that differs from the radial distance of the outer force deflection region by at least 20% of the radial distance of the outer force deflection region, wherein a further guy structure extends from an outer side of the tower to the further outer force deflection region.

[0176] Another example (e.g., Example 38) relates to a previous example (e.g., one of Examples 23, 24, or 27), wherein the outer force deflection region has a curvature with a radius of curvature, wherein twice the radius of curvature is greater than a minimum bending roller diameter of the guy wire.

[0177] An example relates to a wind turbine comprising a tower structure according to one of the preceding examples (e.g. example 1-38 or an example as described in the figures).

[0178] The aspects and features described in connection with a particular one of the previous examples may also be combined with one or more of the further examples to replace an identical or similar feature of that further example or to additionally introduce the feature into the further example.

[0179] It is further understood that the disclosure of multiple steps, processes, operations, or functions disclosed in the specification or claims should not be construed as necessarily being in the described order, unless explicitly stated in the individual case or technically required. Therefore, the foregoing description does not limit the performance of multiple steps or functions to any particular order. Furthermore, in further examples, a single step, function, process, or operation may include and / or be broken down into multiple sub-steps, functions, processes, or operations.

[0180] If some aspects in the preceding sections were described in connection with a device or system, these aspects are also to be understood as a description of the corresponding method. For example, a block, a device, or a functional aspect of the device or system can correspond to a feature, such as a method step, of the corresponding method. Accordingly, aspects described in connection with a method are also to be understood as a description of a corresponding block, a corresponding element, a property, or a functional feature of a corresponding device or system.

[0181] The following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, and each claim may stand on its own as a separate example. It should be further noted that although a dependent claim in the claims refers to a particular combination with one or more other claims, other examples may also include a combination of the dependent claim with the subject matter of any other dependent or independent claim as claimed in the appended claims.

Claims

1. Tower structure (1000), comprising: a tower (1002) along a vertical tower axis (1004); a foundation (1030) for carrying the tower (1002), wherein the tower (1002) stands on the foundation (1030), wherein the foundation (1030) has an outer force deflection region (1032) which has a radial distance from the tower axis (1004); and a first guying structure (1036), wherein the first guying structure (1036) extends from the outer force deflection region (1032) to a part of the tower (1002) above the foundation (1030), characterized in that the first guying structure (1036) or a second guying structure coupled to the first guying structure (1036) at the outer force deflection region (1032) extends from the outer force deflection region (1032) to an inner guying region (1038) below the outer force deflection region (1032), wherein a radial distance of the inner guying region (1038) from the tower axis (1004) is smaller than the radial distance of the outer force deflection region (1032).

2. Tower structure (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner guying region (1038) is a part of the foundation (1030).

3. Tower structure (1000) according to claim 1, further comprising a second foundation (1031) which is located at least partially below the first foundation (1030) and is spaced apart from the first foundation (1030), wherein the inner guying region (1038) is a part of the second foundation (1031).

4. Tower structure (1000) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a compressive force transmitted from the at least first guying structure (1036) to the outer force deflection region (1032) by force deflection acts on the foundation (1030), wherein the compressive force acts at the outer force deflection region (1032) at an angle to a horizontal plane perpendicular to the tower axis (1004), wherein the angle is at least 15° and at most 30°.

5. Tower structure (1000) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the foundation (1030) has a second outer force deflection region which has a second radial distance from the tower axis (1004) which differs from a first radial distance of the outer force deflection region (1032) by at least 20% of the first radial distance, wherein a further guying structure extends from the second outer force deflection region to a part of the tower (1002) above the foundation (1030).

6. Tower structure (1000) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first guying structure (1036) is a guy cable.

7. Tower structure (1000) according to claim 6, wherein the guy cable (1036) extends from the tower (1002) via the outer force deflection region (1032) to the inner guying region (1038).

8. Wind turbine (1350), comprising: a tower structure (1000, 1100) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 7.