TOWER CRANE WITH AID ROPE

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a tower crane with a needle or trolley jib and a lifting rope which is guided over a pulley of the needle jib or the trolley of the trolley jib and is connected to a crane load hook.

[0002] For the assembly of a tower crane with a luffing jib or trolley jib, an auxiliary crane is generally required to lift the individual lattice sections and other attachments to the necessary assembly height. Attachments can include climbing ladders that are mounted to the crane tower, allowing the crane operator access to the crane cabin. Guy wires must also be lifted into position.

[0003] However, not only during the initial crane assembly, but also during later operation, it may be necessary to lift additional crane components for installation in the area of ​​the crane tower. This is the case, for example, with tower cranes equipped with climbing devices. For the installation of additional lattice sections and the attachment of further climbing ladders, these must be lifted at a short distance from the tower. Due to their design, however, the minimum reach of the hoist rope is limited with luffing jibs or trolley jibs and, as a rule, cannot be moved close enough to the tower or can only be moved with an enormous diagonal pull. The tower crane therefore cannot lift these crane components itself, which is why external lifting devices have had to be used until now. This is problematic, however, especially on confined construction sites, for example, when climbing in narrow buildings. DE 218 877 C discloses the preamble of claim 1.

[0004] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a solution to the above problem.

[0005] This problem is solved by a tower crane according to the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the tower crane are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0006] According to the invention, it is proposed that the crane lifting hook of the tower crane be connected to a separate auxiliary lifting rope for the aforementioned assembly process. This auxiliary lifting rope has, at one end, a suitable connecting element for direct or indirect connection to the crane lifting hook, while the other end of the auxiliary lifting rope is equipped with a suitable load-bearing device. Furthermore, it is proposed that the auxiliary lifting rope be guided from the connection point with the crane lifting rope towards the crane tower via a novel rope deflection device. After deflection, the auxiliary lifting rope can run from the rope deflection device directly alongside the crane tower to the ground.

[0007] By cleverly redirecting the auxiliary hoist rope using the rope deflection device according to the invention, it becomes possible to lift certain crane components for assembly on the crane sufficiently close to the crane tower using the tower crane itself, without causing the hoist rope to pull at an angle. This allows, for example, the climbing ladders of climbing cranes to be advanced in stages during the climbing process. Naturally, the rope deflection device according to the invention can also be used with the auxiliary hoist rope for any other crane components that need to be moved, assembled, or disassembled during operation. Thanks to the rope deflection device, not only is an angled pull of the crane hoist rope prevented, but the auxiliary hoist rope can also run almost vertically and parallel to the crane tower directly next to it, without any angled pull.

[0008] As explained above, the crane load hook can be connected to the auxiliary lifting rope directly or indirectly. The auxiliary lifting rope can have a loop at one end for attaching the load hook. However, the connection can also be indirect, by connecting the load hook to the auxiliary lifting rope via intermediate pieces such as chains.

[0009] The rope deflection device according to the invention comprises a rope deflection arm articulated to the crane tower. This arm is equipped with at least two pulleys that guide the auxiliary hoist rope from the area of ​​the connection point with the hoist rope of the tower crane towards the crane tower. It is particularly preferred if the length or reach of the rope deflection arm is adapted to or corresponds to the minimum possible reach of the hoist rope of the tower crane, which is limited by the geometry of the jib or the minimum return position of the trolley. This allows the crane hoist rope to be guided towards the rope deflection arm with no or only negligible oblique pull.

[0010] From the connection point of the auxiliary hoist rope with the main hoist rope, the auxiliary hoist rope is deflected, for example, by a first outer pulley mounted at the outer end of the rope deflection arm and guided towards the crane tower. A second pulley, preferably mounted directly at the point where the rope deflection arm is attached to the crane tower, then deflects the auxiliary hoist rope vertically downwards, parallel to the tower.

[0011] Preferably, the cable deflection arm cantilevers out from the tower crane at a perpendicular angle. It is also conceivable that the cable deflection arm is pivotally mounted relative to the tower. Movement around the pivot axis preferably allows for adjustment of the cable deflection arm's reach. Furthermore, the cable deflection arm can also be swung away to save space when not in use. Ideally, the cable deflection arm can be pivoted into a position flush against the tower. A mounting around a horizontal pivot axis is preferred, allowing the cable deflection arm to be pivoted from a vertically projecting position to a downward-facing position flush against the crane tower. However, a pivotable mounting around a vertical axis or around multiple pivot axes is also possible.

[0012] In general, the cable deflection arm can be designed in multiple sections, with individual components being hinged relative to each other. If the cable deflection arm is mounted on a pivot, a mechanism to limit the maximum pivoting motion is advisable. One possibility is the use of one or more limiting cables connecting the cable deflection arm to the crane tower. These limiting cables are typically fixed to the outer end of the arm and run to a section of the crane tower below the cable deflection arm. The pivoting motion tensions the cables, thereby limiting the pivoting angle. Ideally, the length of the limiting cables is chosen so that, with a horizontal pivoting axis, the cable deflection arm cannot pivot upwards beyond a right angle to the crane tower.

[0013] As explained above, with a pivoting mounting of the rope deflection arm, the reach can be varied by adjusting the rocker angle of the rope deflection arm. Additionally or alternatively, it is also conceivable that the rope deflection arm is telescopically designed. Furthermore, it is possible to provide several different mounting points on the rope deflection arm for at least one rope pulley. In particular, the outer rope deflection pulley can be mounted in different positions.

[0014] The cable deflection arm can be mounted directly to the crane structure, particularly the tower section, using the swivel bearing. However, it is preferable to use a mounting bracket that accommodates the bearing. The cable deflection arm, along with the bearing and bracket, can then be removed from or installed on the crane. The mounting bracket is preferably bolted to the lattice section in a vertical orientation, especially in the area of ​​the connection between adjacent lattice sections.

[0015] Further advantages and features of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the figures. The figures show: Figure 1: a detailed view of the crane tower according to the invention in the area of ​​the bearing point of the rope deflection arm in the unfolded position, Figure 2: the detailed view according to Figure 2 with the deflection arm folded in and Figure 3: a rear view of the deflection arm according to the invention through the crane tower.

[0016] The Figure 1-3 The schematic sketches show a section of the tower of a tower crane with a mounted cable deflection arm 10. The two lattice elements 1, 2 of the crane tower are shown, at whose connecting interface 12 the deflection arm 10 according to the invention is mounted. The deflection arm 10 is formed by an elongated steel profile, which, for example, can be a U-profile open downwards in the extended position. The base of the U-profile can also project beyond the side surfaces. However, this is only one of many possible profile shapes.

[0017] The deflection arm 10 is mounted using a mounting bracket, which is screwed flat to the grid elements 1, 2. A pivot bearing for connecting the deflection arm 10 is located on the top of the bracket 11, allowing it to pivot about a horizontal axis A relative to the crane tower when mounted.

[0018] The deflection arm 10 according to the invention comprises two supported deflection pulleys 13, 14 with an outer deflection pulley 13 at the outer end of the arm and a second deflection pulley 14 directly in the area of ​​the bracket 11. In an embodiment of the deflection arm as a downwardly open U-profile, the rope pulleys 13, 14 can be supported between the side walls.

[0019] As already explained, the deflection arm 10 is pivotably mounted on the console 11 about the horizontal pivot axis, so that it is not displaced by the Figure 3 The position shown, projecting almost vertically from the crane tower surface, can be folded downwards into a position resting against the grid piece 2 ( Figure 2 The entire rope deflection device is equipped with an auxiliary lifting rope 15, which can be picked up by a load hook 20 of the tower crane. In particular, the auxiliary lifting rope 15 includes a loop for attaching the load-handling device 20.

[0020] The auxiliary hoist rope 15 is deflected from the outer pulley 13 towards the crane tower to the second pulley 14. This pulley guides the auxiliary hoist rope 15 vertically downwards, so that the auxiliary hoist rope 15 runs vertically downwards from the pulley 14 directly next to the crane tower towards the ground. A load-handling device 16 is mounted at the end of the auxiliary hoist rope 15 for receiving one or more crane components, such as climbing ladders or guy wires.

[0021] It is evident in the Figure 1, that with the rope deflection arm 10 extended, the hoist rope 21 is guided without oblique pull from the jib or trolley at a distance a from the crane tower in the direction of the auxiliary hoist rope. The distance a here also corresponds to the distance of the outer rope pulley 13 from the crane tower. The auxiliary hoist rope 15 also runs almost vertically without oblique pull alongside the crane tower from the rope pulley 14. Without the rope deflection arm 10, an oblique pull of the hoist rope 21 at an angle α to the vertical would be necessary, which in Figure 2 as indicated by the folding of the rope deflection arm 10.

[0022] To limit the upward swivel movement of the cable deflection arm 10 about the horizontal axis A, the cable deflection arm 10 is connected at its end to two limiting cables 22. These cables extend downwards from the end of the arm towards the crane tower and are each fixed to one of the front corner posts. When the cable deflection arm 10 swivels upwards about the horizontal axis A, the limiting cables 22 tighten until a rocking angle of approximately 90° of the deflection arm to the tower axis is reached. Further swiveling is prevented.

[0023] Figure 3 shows another view of the rope deflection arm 10 according to the invention on its underside in the folded position according to Figure 2 The view here is from the rear, through the crane tower, to the deflection arm 10. Different mounting positions for the outer cable deflection pulley 13 are visible, allowing it to be mounted with different projections on the cable deflection arm 10.

Claims

1. Tower crane with a luffing jib or a trolley jib and a hoisting rope that is guided over a pulley of the luffing jib or of the trolley of the trolley jib and is connected to a crane load hook (20), wherein the crane load hook (20) is connected to an auxiliary hoisting rope (15), wherein the auxiliary hoisting rope (15) is guided from the connection point (12) via a rope deflection device to the crane tower, from there runs immediately adjacent to the crane tower down to the ground, and is provided at its end with a load-handling device (16), characterized in that the rope deflection device comprises a rope deflection arm fastened to the crane tower, which comprises at least two rope pulleys (13, 14) for deflecting the auxiliary hoisting rope (15) from the outer arm end in the direction of the crane tower.

2. Tower crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the hoisting rope is guided to the rope deflection device without diagonal pull or with almost no diagonal pull and / or the auxiliary hoisting rope (15) is guided immediately adjacent to the crane tower without diagonal pull.

3. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crane load hook (20) can be connected to the auxiliary hoisting rope (15) directly or indirectly by means of a chain.

4. Tower crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the rope deflection arm comprises a first rope pulley (13) mounted at the outer arm end and a second rope pulley (14) mounted in the region of its fastening point on the crane tower.

5. Tower crane according to one of claims 1 or 4, characterized in that the rope deflection arm (10) is pivotably mounted on the crane tower about a pivot axis, in particular a horizontal pivot axis, and is preferably pivotable from a position projecting almost vertically from the crane tower into a space-saving position resting against the crane tower.

6. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the rope deflection arm (10), in particular the outer arm end, is connected to the crane tower by one or more limiting ropes (22) in order to limit the pivoting movement of the pivotably mounted rope deflection arm (10) upwardly, in particular to a position with the maximum outreach of the rope deflection arm (10).

7. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rope deflection arm (10) is telescopic and / or that one or more bearing locations for the outer rope pulley (13) are provided on the rope deflection arm (10) in order to adapt the outreach of the rope deflection arm by repositioning the outer rope pulley (13).

8. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rope deflection arm (10) comprises a mounting console (11) with a pivot bearing for the rope deflection arm (10), wherein the fastening of the rope deflection arm (10) to the crane tower is effected by means of the mounting console (11), in particular in the connection region of two adjacent lattice sections (1, 2).