DRIVE FOR A FLAP

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a drive for a flap, wherein the drive comprises a housing, a motor and a spindle drive, wherein the motor and the spindle drive are connected to one another in terms of drive technology and enable a motorized adjustment of the flap, wherein the drive moves the flap at least into an open position and a closed position, wherein the spindle drive comprises a threaded spindle with a nut and a push tube and the push tube is connected to the threaded spindle via the nut, wherein the push tube is moved by a translational movement.

[0002] The drive according to the invention can be used to adjust a variety of different vehicle flaps. The term "flap" refers to a tailgate, trunk lid, or hood, as well as a side door, sliding door, or cargo area floor.

[0003] Corresponding drives for flaps are known from the prior art. For example, DE 10 2018 117 413 A1 discloses a corresponding drive with a spindle-spindle nut gear. The drive is pivotably mounted on a flap and pivotably connected to a vehicle body.

[0004] The disadvantage of this drive is the large installation space requirement, since this type of drive is also installed in side doors, where space is very limited and very high demands are placed on the drives, in particular on their visual appearance, acoustic perceptibility and the sealing of the drives against environmental influences, such as water entering the door.

[0005] WO 2019 / 194143 A1 shows a linear motion mechanism with a ball screw and an electric actuator containing the ball screw.

[0006] FR 2 599 072 A1 discloses an adjustment device for a roof window that reacts to environmental influences such as humidity, rain or light.

[0007] WO 2018 / 215342 A1 discloses a device with a controllable rotary damper, wherein the rotary damper comprises at least one magnetorheological transmission device.

[0008] WO 2013 / 004702 A1 discloses an actuating device for automatically actuating the vehicle door of a motor vehicle, which comprises an arrangement of telescopically extendable and retractable tubular housing parts and has the outer shape of a gas-filled spring.

[0009] WO 2013 / 013313 A1 shows a system for opening and closing a vehicle door, wherein the vehicle door pivots about a vertical axis.

[0010] WO 2019 / 138068 A1 shows a motorized drive system for operating a door, comprising a gear assembly, a spindle assembly and a drive assembly.

[0011] WO 2020 / 016300 A1 shows a drive arrangement of a motor vehicle for the motorized adjustment of a side door of a motor vehicle by means of linear drive movements.

[0012] WO 2021 / 081664 A1 discloses an electrical actuating device for a vehicle side door.

[0013] It is therefore the object of the invention to eliminate the known disadvantages and in this way to improve the known drives.

[0014] This object is achieved in a drive of the type mentioned at the outset in that the spindle drive is arranged within a rotor and the motor drives the rotor, wherein the rotor is connected to the threaded spindle via an adapter which is connected to the rotor in a rotationally fixed manner and has an overload clutch. For this purpose, the rotor can have a hollow cylindrical geometry. As a result, the threaded spindle and the push tube are radially surrounded by the rotor, wherein the push tube can be moved out of the rotor and the push tube can also be moved back into the rotor. The rotor is thus closed on one end, in particular sealed watertight, and on the opposite end the rotor has an opening from which at least the push tube can protrude.

[0015] In a further embodiment, the spindle drive can protrude at least partially from the housing. This results in smaller dimensions in the direction of the spindle drive, thus requiring less installation space.

[0016] In a further embodiment, at least one bearing is arranged between the housing and the rotor. This allows the rotor to be rotatably mounted within the housing and to rotate independently of the housing.

[0017] In a further embodiment, a gear or spur gear is connected to the rotor; in particular, the gear or spur gear is connected to the rotor in a rotationally fixed manner. Preferably, the gear or spur gear and the rotor are formed as a single piece. This gear allows the rotational movement of the motor to be transmitted to the rotor. For this purpose, the motor output shaft and the rotor gear are preferably arranged within the housing.

[0018] According to the invention, the motor and the spindle drive are drive-connected via the first gear stage, which is in particular a worm gear, wherein the first gear stage drives the rotor. In particular, the motor drives a second gear stage, in particular a spur gear, via the first gear stage, in particular the worm gear, which in turn drives the rotor. The spur gear thus transmits the torque to the gear or spur gear of the rotor, which is radially and axially fixed, in particular rotationally fixed, to the rotor. In other words, the motor drives the rotor via at least one gear stage, preferably via two gear stages. The adapter is rotationally fixed to the rotor and transmits the torque from the rotor to the threaded spindle. Preferably, the adapter and the rotor are formed as a single piece. The rotor and the threaded spindle are firmly connected to one another.This results in a rotational movement of the spindle.

[0019] Preferably, an Oldham coupling and / or a flexible shaft is arranged between the motor and the first gear stage, in particular the worm gear. This allows an offset between the motor output shaft and the first gear stage to be compensated. Alternatively, a rigid shaft can be arranged between the motor and the first gear stage, in particular the worm gear.

[0020] By designing with just one gear stage, the dimensions of the drive can be further reduced. For this purpose, the adapter can be firmly connected to the rotor. For example, spring plates can be positively fixed in the adapter in a rotationally fixed manner. The spring plates are mounted on the threaded spindle with a defined preload, and the adapter is rotatably mounted on the threaded spindle. In addition, a retaining ring can be provided on the adapter to prevent axial displacement between the threaded spindle and the adapter. If a certain torque is exceeded or if a peak load acts on the system, the spring plates and the threaded spindle can slip against each other.

[0021] It is also possible to use a roll pin as an overload clutch instead of spring plates. For this purpose, the adapter has a bore for the roll pin. The adapter can be made as a single piece from hardened steel or from plastic with a hardened insert. One side of the roll pin is pressed into the bore of the adapter. The other side of the roll pin is pressed into a bore in the threaded spindle. This allows torque to be transferred from the adapter via the roll pin to the threaded spindle. This occurs via the frictional connection between the adapter and the roll pin, as well as via the frictional connection between the threaded spindle and the roll pin. If a certain torque is exceeded or if a peak load acts on the system, the adapter, the roll pin and / or the threaded spindle can slip against each other.To minimize friction in the axial direction, an axial bearing can be provided on the threaded spindle. Axial locking can be achieved using lock washers arranged between the adapter and the threaded spindle. In a further embodiment, the spindle drive additionally has a guide tube, via which torque support of the push tube is achieved. For this purpose, the guide tube can be connected to a housing cover, in particular connected in a rotationally fixed manner. Preferably, the guide tube and the housing cover can be formed in one piece. The housing cover closes an opening in the housing. The push tube is thus connected to the threaded spindle via the nut or an internal thread. This allows the rotary movement of the motor to be converted into a translational movement. To make this possible, the torque on the push tube is supported on the guide tube, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the housing via the housing cover.The housing cover and the guide tube can also be formed as one piece.

[0022] In a further embodiment, a connection point is arranged at one end of the torque tube, which is connected to a vehicle body, wherein the torque tube and the connection point are connected to one another, in particular the torque tube and the connection point are fixedly connected in the axial direction and / or the torque tube and the connection point are connected in a rotationally fixed manner. The connection point can in particular be designed in the form of a ball joint or in the form of a through-bore. Furthermore, the connection point can also provide torque support for the torque tube. Preferably, the connection point is pivotable about a pivot axis, wherein the pivot axis of the connection point runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the motor. Alternatively, the pivot axis of the connection point and the axis of rotation of the motor can have exactly one point of intersection.Thus, the pivot axis of the connection point and the rotation axis of the motor can be arranged at an angle to each other.

[0023] In a further embodiment, the drive is attached to the flap via a holder. The housing is preferably held in the holder via at least two bearing points, wherein one bearing point can be arranged near the motor, in particular between the motor and the spindle drive, and another bearing point in the axial direction of the first bearing point on the opposite side of the spindle drive. Furthermore, the holder can have a U-shaped geometry in cross-section. As a result, the housing is pivotally mounted in the holder and the holder is firmly screwed to the flap, in particular screwed to it within a door.

[0024] In a further embodiment, a rotational axis of the motor and a rotational axis of the spindle drive are arranged skew relative to one another. Thus, the rotational axis of the motor and the rotational axis of the spindle drive are not parallel to one another and have an angle greater than 0° to one another. Preferably, the rotational axis of the motor and the rotational axis of the spindle drive are arranged at an angle between 30° and 90° to one another; more preferably, the rotational axis of the motor and the rotational axis of the spindle drive are arranged orthogonally to one another. Alternatively, the rotational axis of the motor and the rotational axis of the spindle drive can have exactly one point of intersection. Furthermore, the drive can be mounted so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis, wherein the pivot axis preferably runs parallel to the rotational axis of the motor. This enables a pivoting movement of the drive relative to the flap.Alternatively, depending on the installation conditions, the swivel axis can be skewed to the rotation axis of the motor or the swivel axis and the rotation axis of the motor can have exactly one intersection point.

[0025] In a further embodiment, a scanning disc is arranged on the rotor, which is scanned by a sensor located within the housing. The scanning disc can be either magnetic or optical, with the scanning disc having a code that can be scanned by the sensor, thereby determining a rotation angle. Thus, a rotary encoder is arranged on the rotor. The sensor can determine the rotation angle absolutely or relatively. An incremental rotary encoder is particularly preferred.

[0026] Alternatively, a sensor, in particular an incremental sensor, can be provided to determine the angle of rotation, wherein the sensing disk or coding, in particular a magnetic disk, is firmly connected to the threaded spindle. The material of the torque tube is preferably non-ferromagnetic, so that no shielding of a magnetic field is possible. The sensor is preferably attached to or in the housing. The incremental sensor can detect the pole changes of the magnetic disk and thus determine the angle of rotation of the threaded spindle. In a further embodiment, at least one seal is arranged between the torque tube and the housing and between the rotor and the housing. The seal of the torque tube can additionally have a wiper or a wiping effect so that possible contaminants cannot penetrate into the housing.Furthermore, this prevents contamination of the functional surfaces of the threaded spindle and protects the drive from the ingress of water or contaminants.

[0027] In a further embodiment, a hysteresis brake can be arranged between the motor and the spindle drive. The hysteresis brake can brake the motor's rotational axis, allowing the flap, in particular the vehicle door, to be held in all positions and vehicle orientations.

[0028] In a further embodiment, a sensor which detects a pivot angle of the drive can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the drive or on the drive or on or in the housing of the drive. A coding is preferably arranged on the drive, which is scanned by the sensor and can therefore detect a pivot angle of the drive. The coding is preferably arranged on the motor or on a housing of the motor, in particular the coding extends at least partially over the outer circumference of the motor or the housing of the motor. Thus, the coding can only extend over the area of ​​the motor or the housing of the motor which corresponds to the maximum pivot angle of the drive. In particular, the sensor is arranged on the holder.The coding can be applied, for example, to a code disk or scanning disk, which is arranged on the motor or on the motor housing, or applied directly to the motor or the motor housing. Furthermore, the coding can be arranged, for example, in the form of a toothing on the motor or the motor housing; in particular, the toothing and the motor housing can be formed as a single piece. The sensor can be a magnetic sensor, an optical sensor, an inductive sensor, or a capacitive sensor. The coding is also designed according to the functional principle of the sensor.

[0029] Alternatively, the coding can also be arranged on the holder and the sensor can be arranged on or in the housing of the motor.

[0030] Preferably, this is an incremental sensor, in which the markings or codes are counted, or an absolute sensor, which has a code that clearly defines the swivel angle. This allows the absolute position of the drive to be determined and compared with the position of the spindle drive. For example, after a power failure, the position of the spindle drive can be determined without requiring a reference run of the spindle drive.

[0031] Furthermore, a magnet can be arranged on the holder, which moves over a sensor accommodated in the housing, whereby the sensor can be, for example, a 2D or 3D Hall sensor.

[0032] Thanks to the sensor and the coding, the current pivot angle of the drive and thus also the current pivot angle of the flap can be detected. This allows, with the help of additional sensors, obstacle detection and unintentional door movement, for example, to be detected. For example, the pivot angle and torque of the drive can be determined for obstacle detection, and as soon as the torque exceeds a certain limit, the flap's pivoting can be interrupted.

[0033] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings, to which reference is made below. In the drawings: Figure 1 a perspective view of a drive not according to the invention, Figure 2 a perspective view of the motor, spindle drive and gearbox, Figure 3a section of the spindle drive and parts of the drive, Figure 4 a cut according to Figure 3 with an additional guide tube, Figure 5 a perspective view of the holder and the drive Figure 6 a perspective view of selected components of the drive Figure 7 a perspective view of a drive according to the invention with a gear stage Figure 8 a - f each show a section through a part of the drive from Figure 7 with different designs of the overload clutch Figure 9 a sectional view of the drive Figure 7 Figure 10 a part of a threaded spindle with a scanning disc according to Figure 9

[0034] Figure 1shows a perspective view of a drive 1 for a flap, not according to the invention, wherein the drive 1 has a housing 2, a motor 3, and a spindle drive 4, wherein the motor 3 and the spindle drive 4 are connected to one another in terms of drive technology and enable motorized adjustment of the flap, wherein the drive 1 moves the flap at least into an open position and a closed position. For fastening the drive 1 to or in a flap, a holder 5 is provided which accommodates the drive 1. Furthermore, an axis of rotation 6 of the motor 3 and an axis of rotation 7 of the spindle drive 4 are arranged orthogonally to one another. The holder 5 enables pivoting of the drive 1, since the drive 1 is pivotally mounted in the holder by a first bearing point 8 and a second bearing point 9. The bearing points 8, 9 are preferably plain bearings which are arranged between the housing 2 and the holder 5.Thus, the drive 1 has a pivot axis 10, which runs parallel to the rotation axis 6 of the motor 3. This enables a pivoting movement of the drive 1 relative to the flap.

[0035] Furthermore, at one end of the torque tube 16, a connection point 20 is arranged, which is connected to a vehicle body, wherein the torque tube 16 and the connection point 20 are firmly connected to one another in the axial direction and / or the torque tube 16 and the connection point 20 are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner. The connection point 20 can in particular be designed in the form of a ball joint or in the form of a through-bore. Furthermore, the connection point 20 can also provide torque support for the torque tube 16. Preferably, the connection point 20 is pivotable about a pivot axis 21, wherein the pivot axis 21 of the connection point 20 runs parallel to the axis of rotation 6 of the motor 3.

[0036] Figure 2shows a perspective view of the motor 3, the spindle drive 4, and the gear stages 11, 12. The motor 3 can, for example, be a brushless motor. The gear stages 11, 12 consist of two gear stages 11, 12, wherein the first gear stage 11 is a worm gear 11 and the second gear stage 12 is a spur gear 12. The first gear stage 11 is connected to the second gear stage 12 via an overload clutch 13. The motor 3 can be connected to the first gear stage 11 via a flexible shaft 22, and / or an Oldham coupling is arranged between the motor 3 and the drive shaft 22.

[0037] Furthermore, a hysteresis brake 40 is arranged between the motor 3 and the spindle drive 4. This allows the rotational axis 6 of the motor 3 to be braked, which allows the flap, in particular the vehicle door, to be held in all positions and vehicle orientations.

[0038] Figure 3shows a section of the spindle drive 4 as well as a section of parts of the drive 1. The spindle drive 4 comprises a threaded spindle 14 with a nut 15 and a push tube 16, wherein the push tube 16 is connected to the threaded spindle 14 via the nut 15 and the push tube 16 is moved by a translational movement. The spindle drive 4 is arranged within a rotor 17 and the motor 3 drives the rotor 17 via the gear stages 11, 12, wherein the rotor 17 is connected to the threaded spindle 14, in particular in a rotationally fixed manner and has a hollow cylindrical geometry. For this purpose, a gear 19 or a spur gear 19 is connected to the rotor 17, in particular in a rotationally fixed manner. The gear 19 of the rotor 17 is connected to the second gear stage 12 and is driven by it.

[0039] Furthermore, the rotor 17 is connected to the threaded spindle 14 via an adapter 18, in particular connected in a rotationally fixed manner. The adapter 18 is arranged on an end face of the rotor 17, wherein the adapter 18 is connected to the rotor 17 in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner. The threaded spindle 14 is also connected to the adapter 18 in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner, wherein the threaded spindle 14 preferably has external teeth and the adapter 18 has corresponding internal teeth. As a result, the threaded spindle 14 rotates at the same speed and rotational speed as the rotor 17. In addition, the threaded spindle 14 can have a circumferential groove 24 which is arranged within the adapter 18. For this purpose, a pin 25 which is connected to the adapter 18 can be arranged in the adapter 18. This provides additional positional security for the threaded spindle 14. Alternatively, the threaded spindle 14 can have an axial lock.

[0040] The threaded spindle 14 and the thrust tube 16 are radially surrounded by the rotor 17, wherein the thrust tube 16 can be moved out of the rotor 17 and the thrust tube 16 can also be moved back into the rotor 17. Thus, the rotor 17 is closed on one end face, in particular by the adapter 18 and particularly preferably sealed watertight, and on the opposite end face, the rotor 17 has an opening from which at least the thrust tube 16 can protrude.

[0041] To ensure torque support of the torque tube 16, the torque tube 16 can have an oval or polygonal geometry, and a recess corresponding to the geometry of the torque tube 16 can be present in the housing 2 and / or in the holder 5. The recess in the housing and / or the holder thereby prevents rotation of the torque tube 16 and thus serves as a torque support. Furthermore, the connection point 20 can also provide torque support for the torque tube 16 in that the connection point 20 has a fixed connection in the axial direction and / or a rotationally fixed connection to the vehicle body, wherein the connection point 20 is fixed to the vehicle body in the axial direction orthogonal to the pivot axis 21 of the connection point 20 and / or is rotationally fixed.

[0042] Furthermore, a scanning disc 26 is arranged on the rotor 17, which is scanned by a sensor 27 arranged within the housing 2. The scanning disc 26 can be either magnetic or an optical scanning disc 26, wherein the scanning disc 26 has a code that can be scanned by the sensor 27, thereby determining a rotation angle. The sensor 27 can determine the rotation angle absolutely or relatively.

[0043] Two bearing points 39 are provided within the housing 2 for supporting the rotor 17.

[0044] Figure 4 shows a section according to Figure 3with an additional guide tube 28. The guide tube 28 is arranged between the push tube 16 and the rotor 17. Thus, in this exemplary embodiment, the spindle drive 4 consists of the threaded spindle 14 with the nut 15, the push tube 16, and the guide tube 28, with the guide tube 28 serving as a torque support for the push tube 16. For this purpose, the guide tube 28 is connected to a housing cover 29, in particular in a rotationally fixed manner. The housing cover 29 closes an opening in the housing 2. The push tube 16 is thus connected to the threaded spindle 14 via the nut 15 or an internal thread. This allows the rotary movement of the motor 3 to be converted into a translational movement. To make this possible, the torque on the push tube 16 is supported on the guide tube 28, which is rotationally fixedly connected to the housing 2 via the housing cover 29. The housing cover 29 and the guide tube 28 can also be formed as one piece.

[0045] The nut 15 is preferably made of plastic. The nut 15 is advantageously manufactured and fitted by injection molding through openings directly on the push tube 16. This creates a stable and durable connection between the push tube 16 and the nut 15. Advantageously, the nut 15 has two retaining projections in the longitudinal direction, connected by a bridge, which engage in two openings in the push tube 16 that are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction. This ensures optimal hold. Openings 30 are provided on the outer circumference of the push tube 16 to hold the nut 15 on the push tube 16. Advantageously, four pairs of openings 30 are provided, evenly distributed over the circumference, with the openings 30 of one pair being arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the push tube 16.Alternatively, several openings 30 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction and associated holding projections 31, each connected by a bridge 32, can be provided, so that the holding forces per holding extension 31 are reduced and risks in the event of a possible breakage of an individual holding extension 31 can be prevented even more effectively.

[0046] In a further alternative embodiment, only at least two, preferably four, openings 30 distributed regularly around the circumference can be provided. A bridge 32 is formed between two retaining projections 31 by the nut 15 projecting beyond an end face of the push tube 16, and this projection forms a first retaining projection 31, and the bridge 32 is formed between this projection of the nut 15 and the retaining projection 31, which projects through the opening 30.

[0047] Due to the holding extensions 31 and the bridges 32 connected thereto, which protrude beyond the push tube 16, the bridges 32 can engage in corresponding grooves in the guide tube 28 and thus a torque support of the push tube 16 can be achieved.

[0048] Furthermore, a seal 41 is arranged between the thrust tube 16 and the housing 2 and between the rotor 17 and the housing 2.

[0049] Figure 5shows a perspective view of the holder 5 and the drive 1. The holder 5 encloses the housing 2 below the motor 3 and below the spindle drive 4 or in the axial direction of the first bearing point 8 on the opposite side of the spindle drive 4. For this purpose, an extension 33 is formed on the housing 2. In the area in which the holder 5 encloses the housing 2, the housing 2 has a cylindrical geometry. Furthermore, at least one bearing 8, 9 is arranged in each of these areas. The holder 5 has a U-shaped geometry in cross section, which consists of two receptacles 34, 35, and the two receptacles 34, 35 are connected to one another via a connecting web 36.

[0050] In the area below the motor 3, the holder 5 has a first hollow cylindrical receptacle 34, which is preferably designed in two parts. Each part forms a semicircle. After the drive 1 has been inserted, the two parts can be connected to one another in a force-fitting, form-fitting, and / or material-fitting manner; in particular, the two parts can be screwed or welded. A second hollow cylindrical receptacle 35, into which the housing 2 is inserted, is arranged below the spindle drive 4, or in the axial direction of the first bearing point 8 on the opposite side of the spindle drive 4.

[0051] The connecting web 36 has a recess 37 for the push rod 16 and the connection point 20. The dimensions of the recess 37 are contoured so that the drive 1 can pivot. To facilitate the assembly of the drive 1 and the holder 5, it is advantageous if the recess 37 is a U-shaped recess 37 and is thus open to one side of the holder 5. This also allows the connecting web 36 to be constructed with a smaller width. Furthermore, a centering device 42 can be arranged on the recess 37 by arranging a protruding edge 42 on the outer peripheral edge of the recess 37. At least two bores 38 are arranged on the connecting web 36, through which the holder 5 is screwed to the flap. In addition, at least one centering device can be provided on the connecting web 36, which facilitates positioning of the drive 1.The centering can, for example, be designed in the form of a cone, which is inserted into corresponding recesses in the flap.

[0052] Furthermore, instead of the holes 38, stud bolts can also be arranged on the connecting web 36, or stud bolts can be arranged on the holder 5, and the holder 5 is connected to the flap via the stud bolts. The stud bolts provide both guidance and centering, and no additional centering is necessary.

[0053] Furthermore, a sensor can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the drive 1, which detects a pivot angle of the drive 1. Preferably, a sensing disk is arranged on the drive 1, which is scanned by the sensor and can thereby detect a pivot angle of the drive 1. Preferably, the sensing disk is arranged on the motor 3 or on a housing of the motor 3. Particularly preferably, the sensing disk is attached to a flange 43 of the motor 3 or the housing of the motor 3, and the sensor is arranged on the holder 5. Figure 6shows a perspective view of selected components of the drive 1. The rotor 17 is shown with the gear 19, whereby the rotor 17 radially surrounds the push tube 16 and the threaded spindle 14 with the nut 15. In addition, a guide tube 28 can be arranged between the push tube 16 and the rotor 17. The guide tube 28 is connected to the housing cover 29 and thus closes an opening in the housing 2. Furthermore, the openings 30 in the push tube 16 are shown, as well as the nut 15 in detail, with the holding extensions 31 and the bridge 32. Furthermore, the housing 2 and the adapter 18 are shown.

[0054] Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a drive 1 according to the invention with only one gear stage 11, wherein the drive 1 has a housing 2 (not shown), a motor 3 and a spindle drive 4, according to the Figure 1The motor 3 and the spindle drive 4 are connected to each other in terms of drive technology. A holder 5 (not shown) is provided for fastening the drive 1 to or in a flap, which accommodates the drive 1. Furthermore, a rotation axis 6 of the motor 3 and a rotation axis 7 of the spindle drive 4 are arranged orthogonally to each other.

[0055] Furthermore, at one end of the torque tube 16, a connection point 20 is arranged, which is connected to a vehicle body, wherein the torque tube 16 and the connection point 20 are firmly connected to one another in the axial direction and / or the torque tube 16 and the connection point 20 are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner. The connection point 20 can in particular be designed in the form of a ball joint or in the form of a through-bore. Furthermore, the connection point 20 can also provide torque support for the torque tube 16. Preferably, the connection point 20 is pivotable about a pivot axis 21, wherein the pivot axis 21 of the connection point 20 runs parallel to the axis of rotation 6 of the motor 3.

[0056] The motor 3 can, for example, be a brushless motor. The gear stage 11 preferably consists of a worm gear 11. The gear stage 11 is connected to the gear 19 of the rotor 17 and is driven by it. The motor 3 can be connected to the first gear stage 11 via a flexible shaft 22 and / or an Oldham coupling can be arranged between the motor 3 and the drive shaft 22.

[0057] Furthermore, a hysteresis brake 40 is arranged between the motor 3 and the spindle drive 4. This allows the rotational axis 6 of the motor 3 to be braked, which allows the flap, in particular the vehicle door, to be held in all positions and vehicle orientations.

[0058] Furthermore, an overload clutch 13 is arranged on the rotor 17. This consists of an adapter 44, which is firmly, in particular non-rotatably, connected to the rotor 17. Spring plates, for example, can be positively secured in the adapter 44 in a rotationally fixed manner. The spring plates are mounted on the threaded spindle 14 with a defined preload, and the adapter 44 is rotatably mounted on the threaded spindle 14. Additionally, a retaining ring can be provided on the adapter 44, which prevents axial displacement between the threaded spindle 14 and the adapter 44. If a certain torque is exceeded or if a load peak acts on the system, the spring plates and the threaded spindle 14 can slip against each other.

[0059] Furthermore, it is also possible for a roll pin to serve as the overload clutch 13 instead of spring plates. For this purpose, a mounting hole for the roll pin is provided in the adapter 44. The adapter 44 can be made as a single piece from hardened steel or from plastic with a hardened insert. One side of the roll pin is pressed into the mounting hole of the adapter 44. The opposite side of the roll pin is pressed into a mounting hole in the threaded spindle 14. This allows torque to be transmitted from the adapter 44 via the roll pin to the threaded spindle 14. This occurs via the frictional connection between the adapter 44 and the roll pin, as well as via the frictional connection between the threaded spindle 14 and the roll pin. If a certain torque is exceeded or if a load peak acts on the system, the adapter 44, the roll pin and / or the threaded spindle 14 can slip against each other.To minimize friction in the axial direction, an axial bearing can be provided on the threaded spindle 14. Axial locking can be achieved using lock washers arranged between the adapter 44 and the threaded spindle 14.

[0060] The adapter 44 is held on the rotor 17 in a force-fitting, form-fitting and / or material-fitting manner.

[0061] Figure 8a shows an overload clutch 13 within the adapter 44 with spring plates not shown.

[0062] Figure 8bshows an overload clutch 13 within the adapter 44 with a clamping pin 45. One side of the clamping pin 45 is pressed into a receiving bore 46 of the adapter 44, and the opposite side of the clamping pin 45 is pressed into a receiving bore 47 of another adapter 48, which is connected to the threaded spindle 14 via a force-locking and / or form-locking connection. Alternatively, a receiving bore can also be arranged in the threaded spindle 14. In this case, the additional adapter 48 is not necessary.

[0063] Figure 8cshows an overload clutch 13 with an adapter 44. Here, the threaded spindle 14 protrudes from the rotor 17 via the adapter 44. The threaded spindle 14 has a clamping pin 45 in the rear area, which is arranged between the threaded spindle 14 and the adapter 44. The clamping pin 45 is fixed in the axial direction by a pin 59, which protrudes through a bore in the threaded spindle 14. The threaded spindle 14 is preloaded by a spring arrangement 49, thereby reducing the play of the threaded spindle 14 or the clamping pin 45 in the axial direction. For this purpose, a groove is arranged on the threaded spindle, in which an axial securing element 50, in particular a retaining ring, is arranged. The spring arrangement 49 is thus supported on the adapter 44 on one side and on the axial securing element 50 on the opposite side.When the overload clutch 13 is triggered, the clamping pin 45 and the adapter 44 can rotate independently of each other.

[0064] Figure 8d shows an overload clutch 13 within the adapter 44 with a clamping pin 45. The threaded spindle 14 has a clamping pin 45 in the rear area, which is arranged between the threaded spindle 14 and the adapter 44. The clamping pin 45 is fixed in the axial direction by a pin 59, which protrudes through a bore in the threaded spindle 14. As soon as the frictional force between the clamping pin 45 and the adapter 44 is overcome, due to exceeding a certain torque or a load peak acting on the system, the threaded spindle 14 can rotate independently of the rotor 17.

[0065] Figure 8e shows how the Figure 8c an overload clutch 13 with an adapter 44. In contrast to the Fig. 8cA cone 52 is arranged within the adapter 44, with one end of the cone protruding beyond the adapter 44 and out of the rotor 17. The cone 52 is preloaded by a spring arrangement 49 and is thereby connected to the adapter 44 in a rotationally fixed manner. For this purpose, a groove is arranged on the cone 52 in which an axial securing element 50, in particular a securing ring, is arranged. The spring arrangement 49 is thus supported on the adapter 44 on one side and on the axial securing element 50 on the opposite side. The release of the overload clutch 13 can be adjusted by different spring constants of the spring arrangement 49 and / or different diameters of the cone and / or the conicity. The cone 52 can be connected to the threaded spindle 14 in a force-fitting and / or form-fitting manner.

[0066] Figure 8fshows an overload clutch 13 within the adapter 44 with a tolerance ring 53 as overload clutch 13. The tolerance ring 53 is arranged between the adapter 44 and another adapter 48. Alternatively, the tolerance ring 53 can be arranged between the adapter 44 and the threaded spindle 14. This means that the additional adapter 48 can be omitted. The tolerance ring 53 connects the adapter 44 to the other adapters 48 or to the threaded spindle 14 and transmits a defined torque. As soon as the defined torque is exceeded, the tolerance ring 53 enables the adapter or the threaded spindle to rotate relative to one another. The tolerance ring 53 preferably consists of a stamped metal strip which is rolled into an open sleeve and has, for example, corrugations or fingers formed or stamped along the outside and / or the inside.The tolerance ring 53 preferably has a lateral gap that determines the preload of the tolerance ring 53. Particularly preferably, the adapter 44 has a steel insert at least in the area of ​​the tolerance ring 53. This allows the adapter 44 to be made of a plastic, for example.

[0067] Figure 9 shows a section of the drive 1, according to Figure 7, with a sensor 27 for determining the angle of rotation of the threaded spindle 14. The sensor 27 can be an incremental sensor 27 and the scanning disk 26 or coding 26 can be a magnetic disk 26 which is fixedly or rotationally fixedly connected to the threaded spindle 14. The sensor 27 is preferably mounted at a distance from the push tube 16 and connected to electronics 54 which are attached to or in the housing 2. The connection between the sensor 27 and the electronics 54 can be made by cable or a flexible circuit board. The material of the push tube 16 is preferably non-ferromagnetic so that no shielding of a magnetic field is possible. The sensor 27 is preferably attached to or in the housing 2. The sensor 27 can detect the pole changes of the magnetic disk 26 and thus determine the angle of rotation of the threaded spindle 14.

[0068] Figure 10shows a section of a portion of the threaded spindle 14 and the scanning disc 26. In order to connect the scanning disc 26 to the threaded spindle in a rotationally fixed manner, a knurling 55 is preferably arranged on the threaded spindle 14, at least in the area of ​​the scanning disc 26. The scanning disc 26 can be connected to the threaded spindle 14 via a carrier 56. For this purpose, the scanning disc 26 is, for example, glued to the carrier 56 and then fastened to the threaded spindle 14, preferably in a force-fitting and / or form-fitting manner. In order to prevent axial displacement of the scanning disc 26, a groove 57 can be arranged on the threaded spindle, into which groove a lug 58 of the carrier 56 engages, and / or a locking washer can be arranged in front of the carrier 56, which holds the carrier 56 and the scanning disc 26 in position.

Claims

1. A drive (1) for a flap, wherein the drive (1) has a housing (2), a motor (3) and a spindle drive (4), wherein the motor (3) and the spindle drive (4) are drivingly connected to one another and make a motorized adjustment of the flap possible, wherein the drive (1) moves the flap at least into an open position and a closed position, wherein the spindle drive (4) has a threaded spindle (14) with a nut (15) and a thrust tube (16) and the thrust tube (16) is connected to the threaded spindle (14) by means of the nut (15), wherein the thrust tube (16) is moved by a translational movement, characterized in that the spindle drive (4) is arranged inside a rotor (17) and the motor (3) drives the rotor (17), wherein the rotor (17) is connected to the threaded spindle (14) by means of an adapter (44) which is connected to the rotor (17) in a rotationally fixed manner, characterized in that the adapter (44) has an overload clutch (13).

2. The drive (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (17) has a hollow cylindrical geometry.

3. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor (17) surrounds the threaded spindle (14) and the thrust tube (16) radially.

4. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one bearing (39) is arranged between the housing (2) and the rotor (17).

5. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gear wheel (19) is connected to the rotor (17).

6. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor (3) and the spindle drive (4) are drivingly connected via at least a first gear stage (11), wherein the rotor (17) is driven via the first gear stage (11).

7. The drive (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the motor (3) drives a second gear stage (12), which in turn drives the rotor (17), via the first gear stage (11).

8. The drive (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that an Oldham coupling (23) and / or a flexible shaft (22) is arranged between the motor (3) and the first gear stage (11).

9. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spindle drive (4) additionally has a guide tube (28), by means of which a torque support of the thrust tube (16) is effected.

10. The drive (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the guide tube (28) is connected to a housing cover (29).

11. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at one end of the thrust tube (16) a connecting point (20) is arranged, which is connected to a vehicle body, wherein the thrust tube (16) and the connecting point (20) are connected to one another.

12. The drive (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the connecting point (20) is pivotable about a pivot axis (21).

13. The drive (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the pivot axis (21) of the connecting point (20) extends parallel to the axis of rotation (6) of the motor (3).

14. The drive (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the pivot axis (21) of the connecting point (20) and the axis of rotation (6) of the motor (3) have exactly one intersection.

15. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive (1) is fastened to the flap via a holder (5).

16. The drive (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that the housing (2) is held in the holder (5) via at least two bearing points (8, 9).

17. The drive (1) according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the holder (5) has a U-shaped geometry in cross section.

18. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that an axis of rotation (6) of the motor (3) and an axis of rotation (7) of the spindle drive (4) are arranged skewed relative to one another or have exactly one intersection.

19. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive (1) is mounted so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis (10).

20. The drive (1) according to claim 19, characterized in that the pivot axis (10) extends parallel to the axis of rotation (6) of the motor (3).

21. The drive (1) according to claim 19, characterized in that the pivot axis (10) extends skewed relative to the axis of rotation (6) of the motor (3) or the pivot axis (10) and the axis of rotation (6) of the motor (3) have exactly one intersection.

22. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that arranged on the rotor (17) there is a coding disc (26), which is scanned by a sensor (27) arranged inside the housing (2).

23. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that arranged on the threaded spindle (14) there is a coding disc (26), which is scanned by a sensor (27) arranged inside the housing (2).

24. The drive (1) according to claim 23, characterized in that the coding disc (26) is fixedly connected to the threaded spindle (14).

25. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least in each case one seal (41) is arranged between the thrust tube (16) and the housing (2) and between the rotor (17) and the housing (2).

26. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a hysteresis brake (40) is arranged between the motor (3) and the spindle drive (4).

27. The drive (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sensor which detects a pivoting angle of the drive (1) is arranged in immediate proximity to the drive (1) or on the drive (1).

28. The drive (1) according to claim 27, characterized in that a coding, which is scanned by the sensor and thereby detects a pivoting angle of the drive (1), is arranged on the drive (1).

29. The drive (1) according to claim 28, characterized in that the coding is arranged on the motor (3) or on a housing of the motor (3).

30. The drive (1) according to claim 28, characterized in that the coding is arranged on the holder (5).