ELECTRICAL CONNECTION

Description

[0001] The subject matter concerns an electrical connection, in particular a connection between a terminal part and a flat part.

[0002] In electrical connection technology, particularly in automotive applications, it is common to create detachable connections between two electrical conductors using a stud attached to one of the conductors. This stud is positioned on a flat surface of one of the conductors and serves to be screwed to the other conductor. The stud can be attached to a conductor either as a through-bolt through a hole in the conductor or as a weld stud. A weld stud is welded to a flat surface of a conductor, for example, by friction welding, especially rotary friction welding. The second conductor can then be slipped onto the welded stud and screwed to the first conductor using a nut attached to the stud.The conductors are pressed against each other by the clamping force of the nut, and an electrically conductive path between the conductors is formed primarily via their immediate contact surface as well as via the bolt.

[0003] The conductor to which the bolt is welded is typically a flat component, especially a flat wire or an electrical component with a flat surface. Copper conductors are generally used in power lines. Aluminum conductors are also possible. To prevent contact corrosion at the interface between the conductor and the bolt, and thus ensure a durable and stable connection, the bolt is usually made of the same material as the conductor. For aluminum connections, the joint should be protected from environmental influences to prevent contact corrosion. This is typically achieved with copper, so both the bolt and the conductor should be made of copper or a copper alloy.

[0004] While copper has very good electrical and thermal conductivity, which is advantageous for the connection itself, copper is relatively ductile. This means that when screwing the second conductor to the first conductor via the bolt, the tightening torque of the nut must not be too high. If a high tightening torque is required, there is always a risk of the bolt thread shearing. Such shear forces can also occur on the thread under dynamic loads during continuous operation, causing it to shear off. This is particularly problematic when using copper. On the other hand, using a steel bolt, especially one made of stainless steel, achieves very good mechanical stability in a bolted connection. However, this increased mechanical stability compared to a copper bolt comes at the cost of reduced electrical conductivity across the bolt.The bolt represents a significant contact resistance at the connection point of the conductors connected via the bolt.

[0005] Publication WO 2009 / 098412 A1 shows an arrangement with a battery and a conductor connected by a pin which in particular penetrates a partition.

[0006] Based on this state of the art, the object was therefore intended to provide an electrical connection which meets increased mechanical requirements while maintaining the same electrical quality.

[0007] This problem is solved by a connection according to claim 1.

[0008] The connection includes at least one connecting part. Such a connecting part can be in the form of a strip or sheet metal. The connecting part is, in particular, a flat conductor or a flat section of a round conductor. For example, a round conductor may be flattened at one end or along its length. The flattening can be achieved, for example, by forging, upsetting, or similar processes.

[0009] It is also possible that the connecting element is not made of a solid material, in particular a single strand of a conductor, but also of a braid, fabric, or multi-strand conductor. In this case, a flat area can be formed into the braid, fabric, or strands by appropriate forming processes such as upsetting, pressing, welding, or the like. On a fabric strip, for example, a substantially inclusion-free area can be formed by welding and / or compacting, which can then be processed like a solid material, in particular one onto which a sleeve can be applied.

[0010] For an electrical connection of the terminal part to another terminal part, for example a conductor or the like, it is proposed that an electrically conductive, in particular metallic, sleeve be provided. The sleeve is bonded to the terminal part by a material bond. The sleeve has a through-opening extending in its longitudinal direction. The sleeve is connected to the terminal part in such a way that the longitudinal direction of the sleeve runs transversely to the longitudinal direction of the terminal part. In particular, the longitudinal direction of the sleeve runs parallel to the surface normal of the surface of the terminal part on which the sleeve is mounted.

[0011] For a mechanical connection between the connecting part and the other connecting part, for example, a conductor, a bolt is provided in addition to the sleeve. The bolt is connected to the sleeve. The bolt has a bolt shank. The bolt shank is also sleeve-shaped and has at least one blind hole, preferably a through hole. This hole preferably extends from the end face facing away from the bolt flange into the bolt. Preferably, the hole extends as a through hole between the distal end faces of the bolt. In its longitudinal extension, the bolt has a radially outwardly projecting flange and the bolt shank adjoining it. The bolt flange can also be considered part of the bolt shank.

[0012] According to an alternative, the bolt has a bolt shank and a bolt head.

[0013] The bolt is described below in two alternative configurations. In the first configuration, the bolt is sleeve-shaped with a through opening and a bolt flange. The bolt shank is therefore hollow.

[0014] In a second embodiment, the bolt has a shank and a head. The shank and / or the head are made of solid material without an opening.

[0015] The following descriptions of the bolt can, where possible, apply to both alternatives. In particular, the following descriptions of the bolt head can, where possible, apply to the bolt flange. Specifically, the fastening of the bolt in the sleeve can be the same for both alternatives.

[0016] While the sleeve is bonded to the connecting part by a material bond, the bolt can be bonded to the sleeve by a positive, force-fit, and / or material bond. In particular, the outer surface of the bolt shank is in direct contact with the inner surface of the through-hole. When the bolt is inserted into the through-hole, a force-fit or positive fit is formed. Specifically, the bolt can also be driven into the through-hole in such a way that the cross-section of the through-hole changes compared to its original state. The bolt plastically deforms the inner surface of the through-hole. This is particularly possible if the bolt is made of a mechanically stronger material than the sleeve.

[0017] The sleeve has a recess at one of its end faces, which is designed to receive the bolt flange / head. When the bolt is inserted into the sleeve, i.e., with its shank inserted into the through-hole, the bolt flange / head rests in the recess at the end face. The recess extends longitudinally into the sleeve, preferably extending further than the longitudinal extension of the bolt flange / head along the bolt.

[0018] Thus, the bolt flange / bolt head is completely incorporated into the recess.

[0019] The sleeve is then metallurgically bonded to the connecting part via its end face. The recessed design ensures the bolt is fully received within the sleeve, allowing the end face to be flat. The plane formed by this end face serves as the connection surface for the metallurgical bond with the connecting part.

[0020] The bolt thus received in the sleeve serves to absorb the tightening force when the second connection part is clamped between the end face of the sleeve opposite the recess and a screw or nut screwed onto the bolt. An electrical path between the then screwed-together connection parts primarily runs from the connection part in question, through the sleeve, to the second connection part clamped to the sleeve. The second connection part can be formed according to the above descriptions of the first connection part, with a through-opening provided in the flattened or flat area into which the bolt and its shank can be inserted.

[0021] The bolt together with the sleeve thus forms a fastening means for a second connecting part to the first connecting part.

[0022] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the bolt, with its collar-shaped, radially outwardly projecting bolt flange / bolt head, is supported at least partially circumferentially by a circumferential shoulder in the recess of the sleeve. The shoulder is formed in the manner of a fold in the recess of the sleeve. The bolt flange / bolt head projects radially outward to the longitudinal direction of the bolt, particularly circumferentially. The cross-section of the bolt flange / bolt head is preferably round, but can also be polygonal, particularly hexagonal or octagonal. The cross-section of the recess can be adapted to the cross-section of the bolt flange / bolt head. Particularly with a polygonal bolt flange / bolt head, this can secure the bolt in the sleeve against a torque acting around the longitudinal axis. This can simplify the screwing of a connecting part to the sleeve via the bolt.

[0023] The recess located at the end face of the sleeve preferably completely encloses the through-hole. This allows the bolt flange / bolt head to be fully inserted into the recess, and the bolt flange / bolt head no longer protrudes beyond the end face of the sleeve.

[0024] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the hole be a blind hole or a through hole. The hole in the bolt shank preferably has an internal thread. The bolt shank is pressed into the sleeve with its outer surface. A screw can be screwed into the bolt shank via the internal thread. This screw can be used to press a second connecting part onto the sleeve and thus onto the first connecting part.

[0025] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the bolt shank protrudes from the through-opening at an end of the sleeve distal to the retraction. This protruding end serves to attach a second connecting part to the sleeve and thus to the first connecting part.

[0026] The bolt shank can have a uniform cross-section along its longitudinal axis or different cross-sections. Thus, it is possible that the bolt shank, in the area where it is inserted into the through-hole, has sections with different radial projections. The through-hole can correspond to this and, in particular, have a corresponding opening cross-section. Therefore, the bolt shank can be positively engaged in the area of ​​the through-hole.

[0027] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the bolt has an internal thread in its hole. This internal thread allows the bolt to be screwed to it with a screw. A second connecting part can then be pressed against the sleeve and the bolt by the screw head of such a screw. The bolt has a longitudinal extension such that, when inserted (i.e., when the bolt shank rests against the sleeve in its recessed position), it does not protrude beyond the through-opening of the sleeve. In particular, the end faces of the sleeve and bolt shank are parallel to each other on the side facing away from the recess.

[0028] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that one end of the bolt shaft has a thread, in particular that the thread extends into the through-hole. The bolt can be screwed to a second connecting part via this thread. Specifically, the second connecting part can be pressed against the end face of the sleeve by means of a nut.

[0029] As already mentioned, the bolt shank can be positively engaged in the through-hole. For this purpose, according to one embodiment, the bolt is knurled at least partially on its outer surface, particularly in an area adjacent to the bolt flange. The knurled portion has projections and recesses extending longitudinally along the bolt shank. The knurled portion of the bolt shank is preferably pressed into the through-hole by means of an interference fit. This can result in plastic deformation of the inner surface of the through-hole.

[0030] As already explained, it is preferable if the bolt is mounted in the sleeve in a rotationally secure manner. This can be achieved in particular by pressing the bolt shank into the through-hole.

[0031] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the bolt flange / bolt head is arranged longitudinally at a distance from the end face in the recess. This ensures that, on the one hand, the end face can be welded flush with the connecting part, and on the other hand, that the bolt head is not in direct contact with the connecting part when welded.

[0032] The sleeve is preferably made of a copper alloy, and the bolt of a steel alloy. Preferably, the sleeve is made of a material that is more ductile than the bolt. The combination of copper and steel has proven advantageous in this regard. Because the bolt is less ductile than the sleeve, its thread offers greater resistance to thread shear during tightening than if the bolt were made of the same material as the sleeve. The bolt can therefore be tightened with a higher torque; in particular, a nut screwed onto the bolt's thread or a screw inserted into the internal thread can be tightened with a higher torque than if the bolt were made of the same material as the sleeve.

[0033] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the sleeve be friction-welded, and in particular completely friction-welded, to the connecting part at its end face. Rotary friction welding can be used for this purpose. The sleeve can preferably have a region with different radial dimensions. In particular, the outer cross-section can be polygonal, so that a friction welding tool with high torque enables friction welding. The sleeve does not need to be held in the friction welding tool by means of radially inward-directed contact forces; rather, the energy can be introduced to the outer surface of the sleeve via the positive locking between the sleeve and the friction welding tool.

[0034] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that a connecting part with an opening is placed over the bolt shaft. This connecting part has previously been described as a second connecting part. The connecting part can be formed according to the above description of the first connecting part. In particular, the connecting part has a flat area or a flattened section with the opening.

[0035] Alternatively, the connecting piece can be positioned with its opening above the hole in the bolt shaft, ideally aligned with it. A screw can then be inserted through the opening of the connecting piece and tightened using the internal thread. The head of the screw is thus pressed against the connecting piece on the surface facing away from the sleeve. The screw head clamps the connecting piece to the sleeve.

[0036] Alternatively, the connecting part can be clamped to the sleeve using a nut mounted on the bolt shaft. The nut can be tightened to the bolt shaft with a specified torque. The connecting part is clamped to the sleeve via the nut. The connecting part is in direct contact with the distal end of the sleeve, towards the retracted section.

[0037] In both alternatives, an electrical path between the terminal part and the connecting part is primarily ensured directly via the sleeve.

[0038] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the connecting part, the sleeve and the bolt, as well as the connecting part, are encapsulated in a common housing, wherein the connecting part and the connecting part are led out of the housing in a moisture-proof manner.

[0039] The subject matter is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing showing an exemplary embodiment. The drawing shows: Figs. 1a-d various connecting parts according to exemplary embodiments; Figs. 2a, b views of sleeves according to exemplary embodiments; Figs. 3a-c top views of end-face sleeves with recesses according to exemplary embodiments; Fig. 4 a view of a bolt according to a non-claimed embodiment; Figs. 5a, b top views of bolt heads according to non-claimed embodiments; Figs. 6a-c cross-sections of bolt shanks according to non-claimed embodiments; Figs. 7a-c the production of a connection according to a non-claimed embodiment; Fig. 8 a view of a bolt according to an exemplary embodiment; Figs. 9a, b top views of bolt heads according to exemplary embodiments; Figs. 10a-c cross-sections of bolt shanks according to exemplary embodiments; Figs. 11a-c the production of a connection according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0040] Fig. 1a Figure 1 shows a first connection part according to an exemplary embodiment. Connection part 2 is a flat conductor in the example shown. The connection part in all variants presented here can be made of a copper alloy or an aluminum alloy.

[0041] The connecting part 2 has a longitudinal axis 4, a vertical axis 6 and a transverse axis 8. The connecting part 2 can have one or more flat connecting surfaces, which in particular run parallel to a plane spanned by two of the axes 4-8.

[0042] The connection part 2 according to the Fig. 1b The conductor can be shaped as a round conductor. A connection area 10 can be provided at one end or along the conductor. The connection area 10 can be formed as a flattened section. In particular, the connection area 10 is formed from the round conductor by upsetting or pressing.

[0043] Fig. 1c A connection part 2 is shown as a stranded conductor, with a connection area 10 also formed at the end face. The strands can be compacted in the connection area 10 and, in particular, welded or soldered together.

[0044] Fig. 1d Figure 2 shows a connecting part 2 as a braided band. The connecting area 10 can be formed along the braided band or at an end face. The strands of the braid can be joined together in the connecting area 10, in particular by means of a material bond, for example by ultrasonic welding or resistance welding. The embodiments shown in Figure 10 are described in Figure 1. Fig. 1a-d The described configurations can be combined as desired for different connection parts 2.

[0045] A sleeve is now proposed for connecting a connecting part 2 to a connecting part.

[0046] Fig. 2a Figure 1 shows a sleeve 12. The sleeve 12 has a longitudinal axis 14. The sleeve 12 has a through-opening 16. The through-opening 16 extends from a first end face 18a to a second end face 18b. The longitudinal axis 14 extends between the two end faces 18a and 18b. In the region of one end face 18a, the sleeve 12 has a recess 20. The recess 20 is preferably surrounded by the outer surface of the sleeve 12. The through-opening 16 is provided in the region of the recess 20, particularly centrally within the recess 20.

[0047] Fig. 2b Figure 12 shows the sleeve 12 in a longitudinal section. The recess 20 is visible. It is also evident that the sleeve 12 completely surrounds the recess 20. The through-opening 16 extends from the recess 20 to the end face 18b.

[0048] The sleeve 12 is preferably made of a copper or aluminum alloy. In particular, the sleeve 12 is made of the same material as the connecting part 2. Materials can be alloys, such as brass as a copper alloy.

[0049] The outer surface of the lateral surface as well as the cross-section of the recess 20 and the passage opening 16 can be round or angular, in particular circular, elliptical or polygonal.

[0050] The Fig. 3a-c The diagram shows various embodiments of the sleeve in a top view. Fig. 3a The outer surface of the sleeve 12 is octagonal. The recess 20 is adapted to this in its cross-section and is also octagonal. The through-opening 16 with a round cross-section is arranged within the recess 20.

[0051] Fig. 3b Figure 1 shows another embodiment in which the outer surface of the sleeve 12 and the recess 20 are round, in particular circular. The through-opening 16 within the recess 20, however, is hexagonal.

[0052] Fig. 3c shows in contrast to the Fig. 3b The through-opening 16 has a star-shaped cross-section. A wide variety of shapes can be combined with one another.

[0053] Fig. 4 Figure 1 shows a bolt 22. The bolt 22 has a longitudinal axis 24. The bolt 22 has a bolt head 26 and a bolt shank 28. The bolt shank 28 extends along the longitudinal axis 24. The bolt shank 28 can have a first region 28a and a second region 28b. The first region 28a is preferably inserted into the through-opening 16, and the second region 28b projects beyond the end face 18b. In region 28a, the bolt shank 28 can be knurled in the direction of the longitudinal axis 24, whereas region 28b of the bolt shank 28 can be threaded.

[0054] The bolt head 26 can be described in its cross-section as shown in the Fig. 5a und b As shown, it should be adapted to a cross-section of the setback 20. Thus, it shows Fig. 5a a bolt head 26 with an octagonal cross-section, whereas Fig. 5b Figure 26 shows a bolt head 26 with a star-shaped cross-section. This and other cross-sections are conceivable. The cross-sections of the bolt head 26 and the recess 20 can be congruent with each other, so that the bolt head 26 can be positively engaged in the recess 20. This positive engagement prevents the bolt 22 from rotating in the through-opening 16, so that the bolt 22 can be screwed onto the sleeve 12 via the thread in area 28b.

[0055] In addition to various cross-sections of the bolt head according to the Fig. 5a, b The bolt shaft 28, particularly in region 28a, can also have a cross-section that is not circular. This is shown in the figure below. Fig. 6a a bolt shaft 28 in area 28a, which is oval. Fig. 6b shows a bolt shaft 28 in a cross-section in the area 28a, which is triangular and Fig. 6c shows a corresponding square cross-section.

[0056] The through-hole 16 and the cross-section of the bolt shank 22 in region 28a can be congruent to each other. It is also possible that the knurling in region 28a is such that its maximum diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the through-hole 16, so that when the bolt 22 is inserted into the through-hole 16, an interference fit is formed between the bolt 26 in region 28a and the through-hole 16. In this case, the knurling can lead to plastic deformation of the inner surface of the through-hole 16.

[0057] The Fig. 7a-c demonstrate the creation of a tangible connection. First ( Fig. 7a The bolt 22 is inserted into the sleeve 12 so that the bolt head 26 is recessed in the recess 20. The bolt shank 28 is within the through-opening 16 with its section 28a, whereas the bolt shank 28 protrudes from the end face 18b of the sleeve 12 in its section 28b.

[0058] After the bolt 22 has been inserted into the through-opening 16, the sleeve 12 is joined to the connecting part 2 in the area of ​​the end face 18a by a material bond, in particular by welding ( Fig 7b In this process, a welding tool can press the sleeve 12 against the connection area 10 by means of friction welding, and the introduced rotational energy can cause the joining partners to melt. Resistance welding can also be performed.

[0059] After the sleeve 12 has been welded onto the connecting part 2, a connecting part 30, which may be shaped according to a connecting part described herein or in a different form, can be attached to the bolt 22, in particular by screwing it on. The connecting part 30 is in particular a cable, especially as described in the Fig. 1a-d is described.

[0060] The connecting part 30 has a through-opening 32. The connecting part 30 is placed onto the bolt 22, specifically the bolt shaft 28 in area 28b, via the through-opening 32. A nut 34 is then screwed onto the bolt 22. When tightened, the nut 34 presses the connecting part 30 against the end face 18b of the sleeve 12.

[0061] The bolt 22 is preferably made of a harder material than the sleeve 12. This allows the nut 34 to be tightened with a higher torque than if the bolt 22 were made of the same material as the sleeve 12. The sleeve 12 is preferably made of a copper or aluminum alloy, and the bolt 22 of a steel alloy.

[0062] Fig. 8 Figure 1 shows a bolt 42. The bolt 42 has a longitudinal axis 44. The bolt 42 has a bolt flange 46 and a bolt shank 48. The bolt shank 48 extends along the longitudinal axis 44. The bolt shank 48 may have knurling 48a on its outer surface. The bolt shank may have a hole 48b, in particular a through hole. The bolt 48 is inserted into the through opening 16. The bolt 48 has a longitudinal extent corresponding to that of the through opening 16 such that, in the inserted state, the bolt 48 is flush with the end face of the sleeve 12 on the side opposite the recess 20. An internal thread may be provided in the hole 48b over at least part of the longitudinal extent of the bolt 48. The internal thread is located in a region facing away from the bolt flange 46, but can also extend to or into the bolt flange 46.

[0063] The bolt flange 46 can be modified in its cross-section as shown in the Fig. 9a und b As shown, it should be adapted to a cross-section of the setback 20. Thus, it shows Fig. 9a a bolt flange 46 with an octagonal cross-section, whereas Fig. 9b Figure 46 shows a bolt flange with a star-shaped cross-section. This and other cross-sections are conceivable. The cross-sections of bolt flange 46 and recess 20 can be congruent with each other, so that the bolt flange 46 can be positively engaged in the recess 20. This positive engagement prevents the bolt 42 from rotating in the through-hole 16, allowing the bolt 42 to be screwed onto the sleeve 12 via the internal thread.

[0064] In addition to various cross-sections of the bolt flange according to the Fig. 9a, b The bolt shank 48, particularly in the area of ​​the knurling 48a, may also have a cross-section that is not circular. This is shown in the following. Fig. 10a a bolt shaft 48 which is oval. Fig. 10b shows a bolt shaft 48 in a cross-section that is triangular and Fig. 10c shows a corresponding square cross-section.

[0065] The through-hole 16 and the cross-section of the bolt shank 48 can be congruent to each other. It is also possible that the knurling 48a is such that its maximum diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the through-hole 16, so that when the bolt 42 is inserted into the through-hole 16, an interference fit is formed between the bolt 46 and the through-hole 16. In this case, the knurling 48a can lead to plastic deformation of the inner surface of the through-hole 16.

[0066] The Fig. 11a-c demonstrate the creation of a tangible connection. First ( Fig. 11a The bolt 42 is inserted into the sleeve 12, so that the bolt flange 46 is recessed in the recess 20. The bolt shank 48 lies within the through-opening 16. The bolt shank 48 has a length corresponding to the length of the through-opening. This allows the bolt shank 48 to lie flush with the outer end face 18b of the sleeve 12. Alternatively, the bolt shank 48 can be shorter, so that it is recessed behind the end face 18b of the sleeve 12.

[0067] After the bolt 42 has been inserted into the through-opening 16, the sleeve 12 is joined to the connecting part 2 in the area of ​​the end face 18a by a material bond, in particular by welding ( Fig 11b In this process, a welding tool can press the sleeve 12 against the connection area 10 by means of friction welding, and the introduced rotational energy can cause the joining partners to melt. Resistance welding can also be performed.

[0068] After the sleeve 12 has been welded onto the connecting part 2, a connecting part 30, which may be shaped according to a connecting part described herein or in a different form, can be attached to the bolt 42, in particular by screwing it on. The connecting part 30 is in particular a cable, especially as described in the Fig. 1a-d is described.

[0069] The connecting part 30 has a through-hole 32. The connecting part 30 is aligned with the bolt 42 and the sleeve 12 using the through-hole 32 so that the through-hole 32 is flush with the hole 48b. A screw 50 with its internal thread is then screwed into the hole 48b of the bolt 42. As the screw is tightened, the screw 50 presses the connecting part 30 against the end face 18b of the sleeve 12.

[0070] The bolt 42 is preferably made of a harder material than the sleeve 12. This allows the screw 50 to be tightened with a higher torque than if the bolt 42 were made of the same material as the sleeve 12. The sleeve 12 is preferably made of a copper or aluminum alloy, and the bolt 42 of a steel alloy.

[0071] An electrical connection between the connecting part 30 and the terminal part 2 is made in particular via the sleeve 12. The bolt 22 preferably serves for the mechanical fixing of the connecting part 30 to the sleeve 12, which in turn is joined to the terminal part 2 in the area of ​​the end face 18a by a material bond. Reference symbol list

[0072] 2 Connection part 4 Longitudinal axis 6 Vertical axis 8 Transverse axis 10 Connection area 12 Sleeve 14 Longitudinal axis 16 Through opening 18a, b end 20 Recess 22, 42 Bolt 24, 44 Longitudinal axis 26, 46 Bolt head 28, 48 Bolt shank 28a, b Area 48a Knurling 48b Threaded hole 30 Connecting part 32 Through opening 34 Nut 50 Screw

Claims

1. Connection comprising, - a connecting part (2), - a sleeve (12) materially bonded to the connecting part (2) and having a through-opening (16) extending in a longitudinal direction, and - bolt connected to the sleeve (12) and having a bolt shank (48) and a bolt flange (46), wherein - the bolt (42) is press-fitted with its bolt shank (48) in the longitudinal direction in the through-opening (16) of the sleeve (12) - the bolt (42) is arranged with its bolt flange (46) in a recess (20) arranged at a front face end (18a, b) of the sleeve (12), wherein - the sleeve (2) is materially bonded to the connecting part (2) with its front face located at the front face end (18a), characterized in - that the bolt shank (48) has a hole extending (48b) in the longitudinal direction of the bolt shank (48).

2. Connection according to claim 1, characterized in - that the bolt (42) with its collar-shaped, radially outwardly projecting bolt flange is mounted at least partially circumferentially on a circumferential shoulder in the recess (20) of the sleeve (2).

3. Connection according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in - that the recess (20) arranged at the front face end (18a, b) of the sleeve (2) encloses the through-opening (16) of the sleeve (2).

4. Connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in - that the hole extends in the longitudinal direction of the bolt (42) between two front face ends (18a, b) of the bolt (42) or - that the hole extends as a blind hole or through hole in the longitudinal direction of the bolt (42) between two end faces (18a, b) of the bolt (42)5. Connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in - that the hole has an internal thread or - that the hole has an internal thread and that the internal thread extends only partially over the longitudinal extent of the bolt (42).

6. Connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in - that the bolt shank (48) is knurled at least in sections on its outer lateral surface and the knurled part is press-fitted into the through-opening (16), or - that the bolt shank (48) is knurled at least in sections on its outer surface in an area (28a, b) adjacent to the bolt flange, and the knurled part is pressed into the through-opening (16) with a press fit.

7. Connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in - that the bolt (42) is pressed into the through-opening (16) in a non-rotatable manner.

8. Connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in - that the bolt flange is arranged in the recess (20) in the longitudinal direction at a distance from the front face.

9. Connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in - the sleeve (12) is formed of a copper material and / or that the bolt (42) is formed of steel.

10. Connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in - that the sleeve (12) is friction-welded to the connecting part (2) with the front face located at the front face end (18a, b) or - that the sleeve (12) is friction-welded over its entire surface to the connecting part (2) with the end face located at the front end (18a, b), or - that the sleeve (12) is friction welded over its entire surface by rotational friction welding, to the connecting part (2) with the end face located at the front end (18a, b).

11. Connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in - that a connection part (30) with an opening is placed over the hole of the bolt (42) and is clamped to the sleeve (12) by a screw (50) via the thread in the hole of the bolt (42), so that the connection part (30) is in direct contact with the end of the sleeve (12) distal to the recess (20).

12. Connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in - that the connecting part (2), the sleeve (12), the bolt (42) and the connection part (30) are encapsulated in a common housing, the connecting part (2) and the connection part (30) being guided out of the housing in a moisture-tight manner.