CRYOGENERIC LIQUID STORAGE TANK AND METHOD FOR FILLING IT

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a cryogenic fluid storage tank and its filling method.

[0002] JPH0634099A as well as WO2014 / 091060A1 disclose such a reservoir.

[0003] The invention relates more particularly to a tank for storing cryogenic fluid and in particular a two-phase mixture of liquid and gas, comprising a first casing intended to contain the cryogenic fluid, at least one withdrawal pipe having an upstream end connected to the first casing and configured to allow the withdrawal of fluid contained in the first casing to the outside of the tank, a circuit for filling the tank, the filling circuit comprising a first filling pipe having an upstream end intended to be connected to a source of fluid and a downstream end connected to the lower portion of the first casing, the filling circuit comprising a second filling pipe having an upstream end intended to be connected to the source of fluid and a downstream end connected to the upper portion of the first casing,the upstream ends of the first and second filling lines being intended to be connected simultaneously to the same source of fluid, the filling circuit comprising a set of distribution valve(s) configured to allow distribution of the fluid coming from the source of fluid in the filling lines, the reservoir comprising a set of sensor(s) measuring the pressure in the first casing.,

[0004] Currently, the filling of fixed liquid cryogenic tanks (“bulks”) from delivery semi-trailers is mainly manual.

[0005] This requires appropriate training of the delivery driver who must take into account various parameters including the pressure in the delivery hose, the pressure in the tank or during filling, the maximum admissible pressure in the tank, etc.

[0006] In addition, the filling valves used are generally poorly suited to regulating a flow of cryogenic fluid and require frequent maintenance and the use of additional valves.

[0007] The delivery driver must also stop filling when the tank is full.

[0008] Thus, filling is often not optimized (duration and capacity of the pump used) and depends essentially on the experience and skills of the delivery person.

[0009] Various methods have been considered to automate the securing of this filling operation. Reference may be made, for example, to documents JP H06 34099A, WO2014 / 091060A1, FR2587432A1, FR2896302 or FR2998642A1.

[0010] The documents do not allow for the filling of such a tank to be simplified, secured or made sufficiently reliable.

[0011] An aim of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art noted above.

[0012] To this end, the tank according to the invention, moreover in accordance with the generic definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that the set of distribution valve(s) is configured to automatically regulate the pressure in the first envelope to a predetermined pressure setpoint during filling by ensuring automatic distribution of the flow of fluid coming from the source in the filling pipes as a function of the pressure setpoint and the pressure measured by the set of sensor(s).

[0013] Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following features: the set of distribution valve(s) comprises at least one valve actuated pneumatically and / or via a set of return member(s), in particular one or more springs, the set of distribution valve(s) is sensitive to the pressure measured by the set of sensor(s) measuring the pressure in the first casing, i.e. the set of distribution valve(s) has at least one movable element closing or opening a passage for the fluid between the source of fluid and the filling pipe(s), said movable element being moved into a plurality of positions according to the pressure difference between, on the one hand, a calibration force corresponding to the predetermined pressure setpoint and, on the other hand, the pressure measured by the set of sensor(s),the set of distribution valve(s) comprises at least one electrically controlled valve and an electronic device for controlling the controlled valve configured to control the opening and closing of the valve as a function, on the one hand, of the predetermined pressure setpoint and, on the other hand, of the pressure measured by the set of sensor(s), the set of distribution valve(s) comprises a housing comprising a fluid inlet intended to be connected to the source, two outlets connected respectively to the two filling pipes and a distributor movable in translation and / or in rotation in the housing and ensuring that the inlet is connected or not to the outlet(s) depending on the position of the movable distributor,the housing of the valve assembly(s) comprises an additional inlet connected to the sensor assembly(s) and / or to control electronics and / or to a mechanical and / or pneumatic control assembly such as in particular a spring assembly(s) and / or membrane(s), the distribution valve assembly(s) is configured to interrupt any passage of fluid coming from the source to the filling pipes when the pressure measured by the sensor assembly(s) is greater than a first determined safety threshold, the distribution valve assembly(s) is configured to carry out an automatic distribution of the fluid flow coming from the source mainly, and preferably exclusively, in the second filling pipe when the pressure measured by the sensor assembly(s) is lower than the safety threshold and higher than the pressure setpoint,the set of distribution valve(s) is configured to automatically distribute the flow of fluid from the source simultaneously in the two filling lines when the pressure measured by the set of sensor(s) is equal to the pressure setpoint, the set of distribution valve(s) is configured to automatically distribute the flow of fluid from the source mainly and preferably exclusively in the first filling line when the pressure measured by the set of sensor(s) is lower than the pressure setpoint, the valve comprises a detection member intended to measure the pressure in the fluid source and in that the set of distribution valve(s) is configured to interrupt any passage of fluid from the source to the filling lines when the pressure measured by the detection member is lower than a second determined threshold,the pressure measured by the set of sensor(s) comprises at least one of: the pressure in the upper part of the first envelope, the pressure in the lower part of the first envelope, a pressure differential between the pressure in the upper part of the first envelope and the pressure in the lower part of the first envelope, the tank comprises a pressurizing pipe of the internal envelope comprising an upstream end connected to the lower end of the first envelope and a downstream end connected to the upper part of the first envelope, the pressurizing pipe comprising at least one regulating valve and a heater, in particular a vaporization heat exchanger, the at least one regulating valve of the pressurizing pipe is included or constituted by the set of distribution valve(s),the tank comprises a connecting flange having one end connected to the set of valve(s) and in particular in fluid connection with the upstream ends of the first and second filling pipes, and one end intended to be connected to a source of pressurized fluid, in particular one end of a hose of a pressurized fluid delivery truck, the tank comprises a manually actuable member for controlling the position of the set of valves to manually force the distribution of the fluid flow coming from the source in the filling pipes, the tank comprises a display of the state or configuration or position of the set of valves, the tank comprises, for example at the filling circuit, a protective member such as a valve and / or a rupture disk allowing a release of fluid to the outside in the event of pressure exceeding a limit,the control valve is configured to automatically maintain the pressure in the first envelope at a minimum value by ensuring, when the pressure in the first envelope is lower than said first value, a circulation of liquid taken from the first envelope in the heater and a reinjection of this heated fluid into the first envelope, the control valve of the pressurization pipe is sensitive to the pressure measured by the set of sensor(s) measuring the pressure in the first envelope, that is to say that the control valve comprises at least one movable element closing or opening a passage for the fluid in the pressurization pipe, said movable element being open or closed according to the pressure difference between, on the one hand, a calibration force corresponding to a minimum pressure setpoint and, on the other hand, the pressure measured by the set of sensor(s),the set of distribution valve(s) is located on the pressurization pipe, the housing of the set of distribution valve(s) comprises a fluid inlet connected to the upstream end of the pressurization pipe and an outlet connected to the portion of pressurization pipe comprising the heater, the pressurization pipe comprises a portion common with at least one of: the first filling pipe, the second filling pipe, the gas withdrawal pipe comprises a first upstream end connected to the lower end of the inner casing, the tank comprises a gas withdrawal pipe comprising a second upstream end connected to the upper end of the inner casing and a downstream end intended to be connected to a gas user, the gas withdrawal pipe comprises at least one of: a valve, a heater, in particular a heat exchanger,the tank comprises a vent regulator connected to the upper end of the internal casing, in particular via the downstream end of the second filling pipe.

[0014] The invention also relates to a method for filling a cryogenic fluid storage tank conforming to any one of the characteristics above or below with liquefied gas, the method comprising a step of connecting a source of pressurized liquefied gas to the tank in which a fluid connection is made between the source of liquefied gas and the upstream ends of the first and second filling lines, a step of measuring the pressure in the internal casing of the tank via the set of sensor(s), a step of transferring fluid from the source to the inside of the internal casing and a step of distributing the flow of fluid in the two filling lines according to a predetermined pressure setpoint and the pressure measured by the set of sensor(s).

[0015] The invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the above or below features.

[0016] Other features and advantages will appear on reading the description below, made with reference to the figures in which: [ Fig. 1 ] represents a vertical, schematic and partial sectional view, illustrating an example of the structure and operation of a possible example of reservoir construction, [ Fig. 2 ] represents a schematic and partial sectional view, illustrating a detail of a first example of the structure and operation of a distribution valve which may be part of such a tank, [ Fig. 3 ] represents a schematic and partial view, illustrating another example of structure and operation of a distribution valve which may be part of such a tank, [ Fig. 4 ] represents a schematic and partial view, illustrating another example of structure and operation of a distribution valve which may be part of such a tank, [ Fig. 5 ] represents a schematic and partial view, illustrating another example of structure and operation of a distribution valve which may be part of such a tank, [ Fig.6 ] represents a schematic and partial view, illustrating another example of structure and operation of a distribution valve which may be part of such a tank, [ Fig. 7 ] represents a schematic and partial sectional view, illustrating a detail of a second example of the structure and operation of a distribution valve which may be part of such a tank.

[0017] The reservoir shown in the [ Fig. 1 ] is a storage tank for cryogenic fluid and in particular for a two-phase mixture of liquid and gas.

[0018] The tank is preferably a double-jacketed cryogenic tank, comprising a first inner jacket 1 for containing the cryogenic fluid. The first jacket 1 is preferably surrounded by a second jacket 2 and the tank comprises thermal insulation in the space between the two jackets (in particular a vacuum space).

[0019] Typically, the first envelope 1 contains a liquid phase in the lower part (cryogenic fluid in liquid form at very low temperature, for example nitrogen is at a temperature of -185°C under a pressure of 2 bar, the temperature value is a function of the equilibrium pressure) and a gaseous phase in the upper part (“gaseous sky”).

[0020] Conventionally, the tank comprises at least one withdrawal pipe 5, 7 having an upstream end connected to the first casing 1 and configured to allow the withdrawal of fluid contained in the first casing 1 to the outside of the tank. For example, and as illustrated, the tank may comprise a first withdrawal pipe 5 whose upstream end is connected to the lower part of the first casing 1 to withdraw liquid (and preferably via a valve).

[0021] Similarly, the tank may include a second withdrawal pipe 7, a first upstream end of which is connected to the lower part of the first casing 1 for withdrawing liquid. The second withdrawal pipe 7 may include a vaporizer 6 (heater) and at least one valve for supplying vaporized gas downstream to a user. This external heater 6 for use may be a heat exchanger used to transform the cryogenic liquid drawn from the internal tank into gas by exchange with the ambient atmosphere.

[0022] As illustrated in [ Fig. 1 ], the second withdrawal pipe 7 may comprise a second upstream end connected to the upper end of the first casing 1. This second upstream end may be provided with a valve 15 or a pressure regulator.

[0023] This valve 15 or economizer is configured to open the passage between the gas phase of the first envelope 1 and the exterior downstream when the pressure in this upper part of the first envelope 1 is higher than a predetermined and for example preset pressure. For example, this predetermined pressure is equal to the working pressure of the tank + 0.5 bar. This makes it possible to regulate downwards, when necessary, the pressure in the gas phase of the first envelope 1 when using gas from the tank.

[0024] Conventionally, the tank may comprise a protective member 11 such as a valve and / or a rupture disc allowing fluid to be released to the outside in the event of pressure exceeding a limit in the first casing 1. This limit is typically the maximum admissible pressure of the tank (given by the manufacturer).

[0025] In addition, the tank may comprise a vent regulator 16 configured to open a passage between the gas phase and the outside (the atmosphere) when the pressure in the gas phase is greater than a pressure set on the device (typically the opening pressure of the protection member 11 minus one bar).

[0026] This allows the reduction in pressure of the gas phase to be regulated when necessary in the event of no gas being used by the customer. In fact, when no gas is drawn off for a long period, this causes a natural increase in pressure within the first envelope 1.

[0027] The tank has a circuit for filling the first envelope 1.

[0028] This filling circuit comprises a first filling pipe 9 having an upstream end intended to be connected to a source of fluid (such as a hose 18 of a container 17 transported by a truck) and a downstream end connected to the lower portion of the first casing 1.

[0029] The filling circuit comprises a second filling pipe 10 having an upstream end intended to be connected to the source 17 of fluid and a downstream end connected to the upper portion of the first casing 1.

[0030] The upstream ends of the first 9 and second 10 filling lines are configured to be connected simultaneously to the same source 17 of fluid, for example at a common inlet or flange 8.

[0031] The filling circuit comprises a set 19 of distribution valve(s) configured to allow distribution of the fluid coming from the fluid source 17 into one or the other or into the filling lines 9, 10.

[0032] The tank comprises a set 12 of sensor(s) measuring the pressure in the first casing 1.

[0033] The set 19 of distribution valve(s) is configured to automatically regulate the pressure in the first envelope 1 to a predetermined pressure setpoint (Pc) during filling by ensuring automatic distribution of the fluid flow coming from the source 17 between the filling pipes 9, 10 as a function of the pressure setpoint Pc and the pressure measured by the set 12 of sensor(s).

[0034] The predefined pressure setpoint Pc is typically the tank's operating pressure (for example, depending on the gas user's needs and the installation downstream of the tank). This pressure can be the pressure at which the gaseous headspace fluid must be maintained depending on the use in the gaseous headspace, or the pressure at which the liquid part at the bottom of the tank (fluid in its liquid phase) must be maintained.

[0035] The maximum working pressure of the tank is generally between one and forty bar, notably between 7 and 12 bar depending on the type and size of tank. This maximum working pressure (or "maximum allowable working pressure" in English) is for example defined by the tank manufacturer

[0036] Preferably, the tank comprises a terminal 8 for filling or connecting flange of the flexible hose 19 for delivery from the source 17.

[0037] The set of sensor(s) 12 may comprise a plate for measuring the pressure and possibly the liquid level.

[0038] This set 12 of sensor(s) preferably measures (and displays and / or transmits if necessary) the pressure prevailing in the gas phase (upper part) and / or the pressure in the lower part (in the liquid phase) as well as the liquid level of the liquid phase (lower part of the first envelope). This liquid level can be determined by the pressure difference between the bottom and the top of the first envelope from which the height of the hydrostatic fluid column is deduced.

[0039] The fluid pressure at the lower end of the first envelope is equal to the pressure of the gas phase increased by the hydrostatic pressure generated by the liquid height of the liquid phase 3.

[0040] For this purpose, the set of sensor(s) 12 may comprise a pressure tap for the gas phase (measurement in the upper part of the first envelope 1) and a pressure tap for the liquid phase (measurement in the lower part of the first envelope 1). These two pressure taps are symbolized by the ends of the dotted lines connected to the lower and upper part of the tank and to the measurement housing 12.

[0041] Conventionally, the set of sensor(s) 12 may comprise sensors of the type measuring static pressure and / or differential pressure.

[0042] As illustrated in [ Fig. 1 ], the tank may also comprise a pipe 21 for pressurizing the first casing 1 comprising an upstream end connected to the lower end of the tank and a downstream end connected to the upper part of the first casing 1. The pressurizing pipe 21 comprises at least one regulating valve 14 (or regulator) and a heater 13, in particular a vaporization heat exchanger.

[0043] The heater 13 allows the vaporization of liquid taken from the bottom of the first envelope 1 to generate the gas which allows, when necessary, to raise the pressure of the gas phase via the regulator 14. This pressure regulator 14 opens, if necessary, the passage of the liquid from the liquid phase to its gas phase when the pressure of the gas phase is lower than a pressure set on the device, in particular the service pressure.

[0044] The valve 14 for regulating the pressurizing pipe 21 may be pneumatic or controlled and may in particular be sensitive to the pressure measured by the set 12 of sensor(s) measuring the pressure in the first casing 1. For example, the regulating valve 14 may comprise at least one movable element closing or opening a passage for the fluid in the pressurizing pipe 21, said movable element being open or closed depending on the pressure difference between, on the one hand, a calibration force (force of a spring or counter-pressure for example) corresponding to a minimum pressure setpoint and, on the other hand, the pressure measured by the set 12 of sensor(s).

[0045] Note that the functions of the regulating valves 14 (pressurization) and 15 (economizer) can be grouped in a single device called a “regulator-economizer”.

[0046] The set 19 of distribution valve(s) can be configured to automatically regulate the pressure in the first envelope 1 to the predetermined pressure setpoint Pc of the tank during filling. This regulation is carried out by filling the first envelope 1 via only the first filling line 9 or only via the second filling line 10 or via both lines simultaneously.

[0047] The valve assembly 19 regulates the flow rate (passage section) and the distribution of the cryogenic liquid supplied by the source 17 in the two pipes 9, 10 to maintain or reach this set pressure Pc.

[0048] The valve assembly(s) 19 may comprise at least one pneumatic valve. The valve assembly(s) 19 is a solely mechanical and / or pneumatic device.

[0049] For example, pressure is maintained on a valve (gas pressure and / or spring or equivalent) which transforms a valve into a pressure regulator.

[0050] For example, the set 19 of distribution valve(s) is sensitive to the pressure measured by the set 12 of sensor(s) measuring the pressure in the first casing 1. That is to say that the set 19 of distribution valve(s) may comprise at least one movable element closing or opening a passage for the fluid between the source 17 of fluid and the filling pipe(s) 9, 10. This movable element is for example moved into a plurality of positions according to the pressure difference between, on the one hand, a calibration force corresponding to the predetermined pressure setpoint Pc and, on the other hand, the pressure measured by the set 12 of sensor(s).

[0051] The set 19 of distribution valve(s) is housed in a housing comprising a fluid inlet intended to be connected to the source 17 (end of the hose 19 for example), two outlets connected respectively to the two filling pipes 9, 10 and / or a distributor (the mobile distribution element) movable in the housing to ensure that the inlet is connected or not to the outlet(s) depending on the pressure measured by the set 12 of sensor(s) and the pressure setpoint Pc.

[0052] The housing of the valve assembly 19 may comprise at least one input connected to the sensor assembly 12 providing the pressure measurement(s) P (pressure in the upper part, pressure in the lower part, pressure measurement in the source 17, in particular at the level of the hose 18). For example, as shown diagrammatically in figure 3 , a detection member 4 (integrated into or separate from the set 12 of sensors) measures the pressure P18 in the source 17, 18 of fluid (for example at the level of the hose) and the set 19 of distribution valve(s) can be configured to interrupt any passage of fluid coming from the source 17, 18 to the filling pipes 9, 10 when the pressure measured by the detection member 4 is lower than a second determined threshold (for example lower than one barg (one relative bar for example). This automatic safety measure prevents any spreading of the tank, in particular in the event of rupture of the hose or incorrect connection.

[0053] The set 19 of valve(s) can also integrate pressure instructions (pressure instruction Pc and first safety threshold which corresponds to the maximum admissible pressure in the tank).

[0054] For example, the mobile element can be moved in rotation and / or translation.

[0055] There [ Fig. 2 ] schematizes the case of a rotating mobile element. For example, a rotating sphere or cylinder equipped with solid / hollowed sectors makes it possible to mitigate or distribute the flow between an inlet (connected to the flexible source 17) and two outlets connected respectively to the two filling pipes 9, 10. The position of the mobile element is for example the result of the forces given by a pressure setpoint Pc and the pressure P measured by the set 12 of sensors.

[0056] Of course, this embodiment is not limiting. The set 19 of valves could include a translationally movable element, in particular the set 19 of valves could include a slide valve. See for example document FR2845451A1.

[0057] Of course, and as represented in the [ Fig. 5 ], the set 19 of distribution valve(s) could also comprise or consist of at least one electrically controlled valve and an electronic device 3 for controlling the controlled valve configured to control the flow as a function, on the one hand, of the predetermined pressure setpoint Pc and, on the other hand, of the pressure P measured by the set 12 of sensor(s).

[0058] In the example of the [ Fig. 7 ] two pilot-controlled or pneumatic or mechanical valves ensure regulation in the two pipes 9, 10 respectively.

[0059] Thus, the set 19 of valve(s) may comprise one or more pneumatic or controlled valves, two-way valves, three-way valves or any configuration or combination allowing this aforementioned control.

[0060] The set 19 of distribution valve(s) can be configured to automatically interrupt any passage of fluid coming from the source 17 to the filling pipes 9, 10 when the pressure measured by the set 12 of sensor(s) is greater than a first determined safety threshold (for example this first threshold can be equal to the maximum admissible pressure of the tank less an offset for example equal to one bar).

[0061] In addition, the set 19 of distribution valve(s) can be configured to automatically distribute the fluid flow coming from the source 17 mainly, and preferably exclusively, in the second filling pipe 10 when the pressure measured by the set 12 of sensor(s) is lower than the safety threshold and higher than the pressure setpoint Pc. That is to say that during filling if the measured pressure is between the setpoint pressure Pc and the first safety threshold, the set 19 of valve(s) favors filling via the pipe 10.

[0062] In addition, the set 19 of distribution valve(s) may be configured to automatically distribute the fluid flow from the source 17 simultaneously in the two filling lines 9, 10 when the pressure measured by the set 12 of sensor(s) is equal or substantially equal to the pressure setpoint Pc (i.e. the operating pressure plus or minus a few percent). Preferably, the filling flow is distributed equally between the two filling lines 9, 10 but could be distributed in different adjustable proportions.

[0063] In addition, the set 19 of distribution valve(s) can be configured to automatically distribute the fluid flow from the source 17 mainly and preferably exclusively in the first filling pipe 9 when the pressure measured by the set 12 of sensor(s) is lower than the pressure setpoint Pc.

[0064] Thus, depending on the pressure measured in the tank, the set 19 of valves favors filling from the top (in rain to limit / reduce the pressure) or from the bottom (to increase the pressure within the tank) or both (to keep the pressure substantially constant).

[0065] Thus, to ensure filling, the delivery person connects a source of liquefied and pressurized gas to the tank. For example, he connects the end of the hose 18 to a terminal or flange of the tank. He thus connects the source to the filling circuit. The delivery person can open an isolation valve and the set 19 of valve(s) will automatically carry out (or prevent) the transfer of fluid to the tank according to the predetermined pressure setpoint Pc and the pressure measured by the set 12 of sensor(s).

[0066] As illustrated in [ Fig. 4 ], the tank may include a display 23 of the state or configuration or position of the set 19 of valves and / or the pressure in the tank.

[0067] In addition, the tank may comprise a manually operable member 20 for controlling the position of the set 19 of valves to manually force the distribution of the fluid flow coming from the source 17 in the filling pipes 9, 10 (and / or the closing of the filling circuit).

[0068] As schematically illustrated in [ Fig. 6 ], the valve 14 for regulating the pressurization pipe 21 may be included or constituted by the set 19 of valve(s) for distributing the filling flow.

[0069] For example, the set of distribution valve(s) may be located on the pressurization line 21.

[0070] For example, the housing of the valve assembly 19 may include an outlet configured to ensure (outside the filling phase) the transit of liquid taken from the tank to the pressurization pipe 21 provided with the heater 13.

[0071] The liquid can be taken from the tank, for example, via a fluid inlet connected to the upstream end of the pressurization line 21.

[0072] As illustrated in [ fig. 1 ], the pressurizing pipe 21 may comprise a common portion with at least one of: the first filling pipe 9 (for example common ends connected to the upper end of the first casing 1), the second filling pipe 10 (for example common ends connected to the lower part of the first casing 1).

[0073] This recirculation with reheating can be carried out automatically in response to an operating pressure lower than the predetermined setpoint Pc.

[0074] Thus, while being simple and inexpensive (especially when the valve assembly 19 is purely mechanical and / or pneumatic), the tank has a filling circuit which automatically regulates the pressure in the tank during filling. This allows faster and safer filling, particularly of large capacity fixed tanks.

[0075] The tank is thus automatically protected against possible overpressure during filling.

[0076] If necessary, the device can allow the hose to be purged via a purge valve at the connection between the hose and the tank filling circuit (see for example reference 24 [ Fig. 3 ]).

[0077] The device may advantageously include a function for interrupting filling (closing of the set 19 of valve(s)) in the event of rupture of the hose (detected by a drop in pressure at this level as described above).

Claims

1. Tank for storing cryogenic fluid, and in particular a two-phase mixture of liquid and of gas, comprising a first casing (1) intended to contain the cryogenic fluid, at least one drawing-off pipe (5, 7) having an upstream end connected to the first casing (1) and being configured to allow fluid contained in the first casing (1) to be drawn off towards the outside of the tank, a circuit for filling the tank, the filling circuit comprising a first filling pipe (9) having an upstream end intended to be connected to a fluid source and a downstream end connected to the lower portion of the first casing (1), the filling circuit comprising a second filling pipe (10) having an upstream end intended to be connected to the fluid source and a downstream end connected to the upper portion of the first casing (1), the upstream ends of the first (9) and second (10) filling pipes being intended to be simultaneously connected to one and the same fluid source (17), the filling circuit comprising a set (19) of one or more distribution valve(s) configured to allow the fluid originating from the fluid source (17) to be distributed in the filling pipes (9, 10), the tank comprising a set (12) of one or more sensor(s) measuring the pressure in the first casing (1), the set (19) of one or more distribution valve (s) being configured to automatically regulate the pressure in the first casing (1) to a predetermined pressure setpoint (Pc) during filling by ensuring automatic distribution of the flow of fluid originating from the source (17) in the filling pipes (9, 10), as a function of the pressure setpoint (Pc) and of the pressure measured by the set (12) of one or more sensor (s), characterized in that the set (19) of one or more distribution valve(s) comprises a housing having a fluid inlet intended to be connected to the source, two outlets respectively connected to the two filling pipes (9, 10) and a translationally and / or rotationally movable distributor located in the housing and ensuring connection or non-connection of the inlet with the one or more outlets according to the position of the movable distributor and in that the set (19) of one or more distribution valve(s) is configured to automatically interrupt any passage of fluid originating from the source (17) towards the filling pipes (9, 10) when the pressure measured by the set (12) of one or more sensor (s) is higher than a first determined safety threshold, and in that the set (19) of one or more distribution valve(s) is a solely mechanical device comprising at least one valve that is actuated via a set of one or more return component(s), in particular one or more springs, and / or a solely pneumatic device comprising at least one valve that is actuated pneumatically, and / or the set (19) of one or more distribution valve(s) being sensitive to the pressure measured by the set (12) of one or more sensor (s) measuring the pressure in the first casing (1), the set (19) of one or more distribution valve(s) having a single movable element closing or opening a passage for the fluid between the fluid source (17) and the one or more filling pipes (9, 10), said movable element being moved into a plurality of positions according to the pressure difference between, on the one hand, a setting force corresponding to the predetermined pressure setpoint (Pc) and, on the other hand, the pressure measured by the set (12) of one or more sensor(s).

2. Tank according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a detection component (4) configured to measure the pressure (P18) in the fluid source (17, 18) and the set (19) of one or more distribution valve(s) is configured to interrupt any passage of fluid originating from the source (17, 18) towards the filling pipes (9, 10) when the pressure measured by the detection component (4) is lower than a second determined threshold.

3. Tank according to either one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the housing of the set (19) of one or more valve(s) comprises an additional inlet connected to the set (12) of one or more sensor (s) and / or to control electronics (3) and / or to a mechanical and / or pneumatic control assembly, in particular such as a set of one or more spring(s) and / or membrane(s).

4. Tank according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the set (19) of one or more distribution valve(s) is configured to implement automatic distribution of the flow of fluid originating from the source (17), predominantly, and preferably exclusively, in the second filling pipe (10) when the pressure measured by the set (12) of one or more sensor (s) is lower than the safety threshold and higher than the pressure setpoint (Pc).

5. Tank according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the set (19) of one or more distribution valve(s) is configured to simultaneously implement automatic distribution of the flow of fluid originating from the source (17) in the two filling pipes (9, 10) when the pressure measured by the set (12) of one or more sensor(s) is equal to the pressure setpoint (Pc).

6. Tank according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the set (19) of one or more distribution valve(s) is configured to implement automatic distribution of the flow of fluid originating from the source (17), predominantly, and preferably exclusively, in the first filling pipe (9) when the pressure measured by the set (12) of one or more sensor (s) is lower than the pressure setpoint (Pc).

7. Tank according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it has a detection component (4) intended to measure the pressure (P18) in the fluid source (17, 18), and in that the set (19) of one or more distribution valve(s) is configured to interrupt any passage of fluid originating from the source (17, 18) towards the filling pipes (9, 10) when the pressure measured by the detection component (4) is lower than a second determined threshold.

8. Tank according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pressure measured by the set (12) of one or more sensor(s) comprises at least one from among: the pressure in the upper part of the first casing (1), the pressure in the lower part of the first casing (1), a pressure differential between the pressure in the upper part of the first casing (1) and the pressure in the lower part of the first casing (1).

9. Tank according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the tank comprises a pipe (21) for pressurizing the internal casing (1) comprising an upstream end connected to the lower end of the first casing (1) and a downstream end connected to the upper part of the first casing (1), the pressurization pipe (21) comprising at least one regulating valve (14) and a heater (13), in particular a vaporization heat exchanger.

10. Tank according to Claim 9, characterized in that the at least one regulating valve (14) of the pressurization pipe (21) is included in or made up of the set (19) of one or more distribution valve(s).

11. Method for filling a cryogenic fluid storage tank in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 10 with liquefied gas, the method comprising a step of connecting a pressurized liquefied gas source (17, 18) to the tank, in which a fluidic connection is made between the liquefied gas source (17, 18) and the upstream ends of the first (9) and second (10) filling pipes, a step of measuring the pressure in the internal casing (1) of the tank via the set (12) of one or more sensor (s), a step of transferring fluid from the source (17, 18) towards the inside of the internal casing (1), and a step of distributing the stream of fluid in the two filling pipes (9, 10) as a function of a predetermined pressure setpoint (Pc) and of the pressure measured by the set (12) of one or more sensor(s).