COLLECTION PIPE ARRANGEMENT, METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING A COLLECTION PIPE ARRANGEMENT AND HEAT EXCHANGER

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTTON

[0001] The present invention relates to a header arrangement for a heat exchanger, a method of assembling such a header arrangement and a shell and tube heat exchanger comprising such a header arrangement.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Heat exchangers are configured to transfer heat between two working fluids and are utilized with the aim of cooling or heating. Uses for heat exchangers are common but not limited to refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, petrochemical plants, natural gas processing, etc. As the application areas are diverse, a plurality of different types and / or designs of heat exchangers can be chosen from in order to fulfil specific reguirements.

[0003] One type of heat exchanger design is the so-called shelI and tube heat exchanger, which is commonly used for example in oil refineries and other large chemical processes. A shell and tube heat exchanger is an indirect heat exchanger that exchanges heat between two working fluids without any mixture of said fluids. As such, a first working fluid flows through multiple tubes while a second working fluid flows through a shelI, which encompasses said tubes. Consequently, the exchange of heat takes place along the circumferential walls of the respective tubes and is influenced by their surface area. The ends of the tubes are usually connected to a flat sheet or plate that acts as a barrier, which leads to a chamber.

[0004] US 2 288 123 A discloses connections for connecting cover heads of tubesheets of heat exchangers of the submerged type, and has for its object to provide connecting means between the cover head and the tubesheet constructed in a manner whereby leakage around the connecting bolts, connecting the head to the tubesheet, is positively prevented.

[0005] GB 2 082 312 A and GB 538 017 A disclose water, oil or other liquid coolers for use in conjunction with aircraft, road vehicle and other engines and for other purposes, and of the kind comprising a plurality of thin metal tubes and perforated thin metal gill plates through which the tubes are inserted, the ends of the tubes being connected to inlet and outlet headers The tubes form passages for the liquid to be cooled and the spaces between the tubes and gill plates form passages for cooling air.

[0006] DE 196 39 422 C2, which comprises the features of the preamble of claim 1, relates to a water-to-air heat exchanger for large engines, in particular ship engines, preferably for cooling the charge air compressed by a turbocharger. Two opposing headers are directly connected to each other by long bolts from header to header, or bolts that connect the headers to a frame, sealing and clamping the heat exchanger matrices.

[0007] US 1 847 743 A pertains to radiators, and more particularly to a water-tight connection between a radiator tube and header, said connection being formed automatically within the interior of the header by the process of assembling the tube in the header by using a ferrule.

[0008] US 10 030 918 B2 A discloses a heat exchanger manifold with a plurality of tabs extending around the periphery of a header crimped over a tank foot to make the seal between a header groove and the tank foot, and with a fastener between the header plate fastener base and the tank fastener base, the fastener restricting movement of the tank away from the header to maintain the seal between the header groove and the tank foot.

[0009] US 2010 / 084111 A1 discloses a heat exchanger and, more particularly, a heat exchanger for a marine engine, in which heat is exchanged between a coolant flowing within a closed cooling system and water drawn from a body of water and subsequently returned to that body of water after passing through the heat exchanger.

[0010] Since the tubes often carry high pressure working fluid, the sheets are exposed to said high pressure, and are usually exposed to the highest pressure within the shell and tube heat exchanger. In order to compensate for the high pressure, the flat sheet must be dimensioned accordingly and it often becomes the thickest component in the heat exchanger.

[0011] Furthermore, due to the nature of the heat exchanger and the high thickness of the sheet, the flat sheet experiences large expansion differences due to temperature gradients across said thickness, which result in high thermal stresses.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0012] In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved header arrangement for a heat exchanger allowing for improved internal pressure distribution, a corresponding improved method of assembling a header arrangement and an improved heat exchanger.

[0013] Accordingly, the present invention provides a header rangement for a heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, a method of assembling a header arrangement as recited in claim 8, and a heat exchanger as recited in claim 12.

[0014] Accordingly, the present invention provides: A header arrangement for a shell and tube heat exchanger, comprising: a tubesheet, a head cover, configured to be arranged abutting a first side of the tubesheet and fluidly seal said first side to form a chamber, a structural connection element configured to be connected to the cover and extend through the chamber to structurally support the tubesheet. A method of assembling a header arrangement according to the invention, comprising the following steps: providing a tubesheet, providing a head cover, providing a structural connection element configured to be connected to the head cover and extend through the chamber to structurally support the tubesheet, coupling the structural connection element to the a first side of the tubesheet, and arranging the cover abutting the first side of the tubesheet in order to fluidly seal said first side to form a chamber. A shell and tube heat exchanger, comprising: a header arrangement according to the invention or manufactured according to the method according to the invention, a plurality of tubes configured to be arranged abutting a second side of the tubesheet, a shell configured to enclose the plurality of tubes and to be arranged abutting and fluidly seal the second side of the tubesheet, wherein each respective tube is received through the respective predetermined through hole in the tubesheet in order to fluidly connect the respective tube to the chamber on the first side of the tubesheet.

[0015] The underlying discovery on which the present invention is based is therefore that the tubesheet does not necessarily have to be dimensioned with a high thickness in order to withstand high pressures / forces, but may be dimensioned thinner if supported.

[0016] The idea on which the present invention is based is therefore to provide a structural connection element within the chamber in order to structurally support the tubesheet through redistribution of pressure. The structural connection element is therefore connected to the head cover, extends through the chamber and structurally supports the tubesheet.

[0017] Advantageously, the tubesheet of the header arrangement according to the invention can be dimensioned with a thinner thickness compared to a tubesheet within a header arrangement without a structural connection element, while fulfilling the same requirements. In this way, a thinner tubesheet is provided that is less susceptible to thermal stresses across its thickness. In this way, mechanical fatigue damage can be strongly reduced or avoided. Accordingly, the header arrangement can be utilized effectively in operations involving fast start-ups with steep load ramps, with regard to temperature and / or pressure, and / or a high number of such start-ups.

[0018] Moreover, with the structural connection element being connected with the head cover, in addition to the redistribution of pressure it is advantageously possible to increase the thickness of the head cover to the point where the tubesheet and head cover are equally critical for temperature transients. Consequently, the thickness of the tubesheet can be reduced, in particular up to 50% in comparison to a tubesheet in a header arrangement of same dimension and under similar conditions without a structural- connection element. Furthermore, the weight of the tubesheet itself and accordingly the overall weight of the entire header arrangement is effectively reduced. In this way, tooling, manufacturing and handling costs and effort is effectively reduced through the reduction of size and weight of the involved components. EspecialIy, the manufacturing of the tubesheet becomes easier due to the reduced weight and furthermore less expensive due to the reduction of used materials.

[0019] Moreover and through the redistribution of pressure, the tubesheet can be optimized with regard to its function relating to providing a basis for the connection of the plurality of tubes within a shell and tube heat exchanger. Since the tubesheet is supported by the structural connection element, less care has to be taken with regard to ensuring the structural stability of the tubesheet in itself. Therefore, more care can be taken with regard to providing the maximum amount of area for the reception of the maximum amount of tubes. In this way, it is possible to increase the efficiency and / or effectiveness of the heat exchanger by providing higher surface area for the exchange of heat. Especially, in an embodiment it is even possible to integrate the structure of tube reception with a connection to the structural connection element.

[0020] Advantageously, the method of assembling a header arrangement for a heat exchanger provides a simple, easily controllable, easily carried out and overall efficient way of assembling the improved header arrangement according to the invention.

[0021] Advantageously, the heat exchanger comprising a header arrangement according to the invention exhibits improved characteristics with regard to internal pressure and fatigue resistance and cost effectivity. In particular, the heat exchanger is configured as a U-type heat exchanger comprising two header arrangements.

[0022] Preferably, the heat exchanger contains at least one baffle configured to be arranged within the shell and act as a wall to guide the working fluid around the respective tubes. In this way, the path the working fluid has to take through the shell is increased, which increases cooling performance. The baffle can be arranged essentially perpendicular to the tubes.

[0023] Additionally, the heat exchanger can comprise ribs, in particular reinforcing ribs, arranged along the circumference of the tubesheet and / or head cover. The ribs can be configured to structurally reinforce the connection of the shell and the tubesheet and / or head cover. In this way, a more structurally rigid heat exchanger is provided.

[0024] The tubesheet can be configured to have an essentially cylindrical shape, in particular resembling a flat plate with a predefined thickness and diameter. The tubesheet comprises a first side and a second side, which correspond to the two larger sides arranged opposite to each other. In an embodiment, the tubesheet has a round, e. g. circular or elliptic, shape. Furthermore, the tubesheet can be manufactured from a material that can withstand high pressures, high temperatures and exhibits high heat resistance. For example, the tubesheet can be manufactured from a steel, in particular, a low carbon steeI, and can comprise a stainless steel and / or alIoy cladding.

[0025] The head cover of the header arrangement can comprise an inlet / outlet arranged integral with the head cover and configured to enable working fluid to flow to / from the tubesheet. Additionally, the head cover can comprise manholes configured and dimensioned to allow an individual (human worker) or a robot or other machine to enter the head cover in order to clean and / or examine the inside of the head cover and / or chamber. Furthermore, the head cover can be configured as a bonnet, channel, pressure closure, floating head, stationary head or combination therefrom.

[0026] Preferably, the head cover can be configured to be attached to the tubesheet through any practical detachable or non-detachable connection means, for example through screws / bolts, rivets, welds, etc. The fluidic seal between the head cover and the tubesheet can be assisted through welding seams and / or the utilizations of mechanical seals and / or gaskets in order to prevent any leakage.

[0027] The tubesheet and head cover can be configured to have a similar diameter in order for an efficient material usage during production. Alternatively, the tubesheet and head cover can be dimensioned so that the tubesheet extends radially from circumferential edges of the head cover in order to provide a flange for further connections.

[0028] The chamber formed by the arrangement of the head cover abutting the first side of the tubesheet can be configured to support and / or assist the flow of fluid to / from the header arrangement, especially through the tubes connected to the tubesheet on the second side. Additionally, the chamber can comprise a large hollow volume in order to avoid any backpressure leading to inefficient pressure drops, which could disturb the flow of the working fluid in the header arrangement.

[0029] The structural connection element can be configured as a sturdy and mechanically rigid component or comprise a plurality of such components in order to effectively structurally support the tubesheet against internal pressure and / or other forces, such as thermal stress and / or deformation. In this way, the structural connection element increases internal pressure distribution within the header arrangement. Additionally, the structural connection element can be arranged to essentially not obstruct or minimize its obstruction of the flow of the working fluid into / out of the chamber and to / from the tubesheet.

[0030] Preferably, the structural connection element is configured to be scalable in order to be increased and / or decreased with regard to the amount of support it can provide to the tubesheet to effectively fulfil any requirements. Additionally, the structural connection element can be configured as a single piece or be configured as comprising multiple individual components in order to distribute the pressure.

[0031] Furthermore, in an embodiment, the structural connection element can be configured as an integral or fixedly connected component with the tubesheet or with the head cover. In this way, the amount and / or variety of parts of the header arrangement is reduced.

[0032] Advantageous or preferred features of the invention are recited in the dependent claims.

[0033] According to the invention, the tubesheet comprises a plurality of through holes, wherein the structural connection element is configured to be connected to the tubesheet via at least one predetermined through hole. In this way, the through holes of the tubesheet, which are configured for fluid flow, perform an additional task of providing a connection means for the structural connection element. Advantageously, no additional connection means have to be provided within the chamber of the header arrangement, which could obstruct the flow of the working fluid. Additionally, the through holes can be configured to fluidly connect the first side of the tubesheet within the chamber and the second side of the tubesheet. The diameter of the respective individual through holes, for example, can range from between 10-30 mm, preferably between 15-25 mm.

[0034] Alternatively, the connection of the structural connection element and at least one predetermined through hole can be realized by means of a designated connection element. The designated connection element can be configured as an internal thread, in particular female thread, within the predetermined through hole or be configured as a standalone component that acts as an intermediate piece. Preferably, the connection of the structural connection element and at least one predetermined through hole comprises a relatively high matching and / or coinciding surface area in order to effectively transfer force between the structural connection element and the tubesheet.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the through holes are arranged in a triangular pattern on the tubesheet, in particular rotated 30° or 60° or a square pattern, in particular rotated square pattern. The rotated patterns of the through holes on the tubesheet are to be understood as being rotated relative to a central axis of the tubesheet. Further arrangement patterns of the through holes of the tubesheet, such as hexagonal or octagonal patterns and their rotated modifications / are also feasible.

[0036] According to the invention, the structural connection element comprises a plurality of rods configured to extend from the head cover through the chamber, in particular essentially in parallel to each other and / or essentially perpendicular to the tubesheet. In this way, a cost effective component is provided, which performs the task of structurally supporting the tubesheet. The rods can be dimensioned as cylinders, in particular with a relatively thin diameter, in order to not block or obstruct the flow of working fluid within the head cover and for chamber. Furthermore, the respective rods can be configured to be arranged integral with the tubesheet, in particular integral with a respective through hole in the tubesheet. In an embodiment, the header arrangement can comprise between 75-150 rods. The plurality of rods can be arranged evenly within the chamber in order to distribute the force between themselves and for uniform transfer of force to the head cover.

[0037] Further according to the invention, the structural connection element comprises a hollow section configured to fluidly connect the chamber to the at least one predetermined through hole. In this way, an integration of multiple functions is realized and the fluidic throughput of the tubesheet itself is not reduced by the structural connection element. Accordingly, it can be connected to the tubesheet via at least one predetermined through hole without blocking any fluid from passing from the chamber into the at least one predetermined through hole. In an embodiment, the hollow section of the structural connection element can be configured to extend between approximately 5-20% of the length and approximately 5-20% of the circumference of the structural connection element. For example, the hollow section can be configured as an axial bore hole in the structural connection element with a lateral opening. In this way, the hollow section does not have an adverse effect on the rigidity of the structural connection element, its ability to support the tubesheet, and / or ist ability of guiding working fluid.

[0038] In an embodiment, the header arrangement further comprises an adaptor arranged between the structural connection element and the tubesheet. The adaptor is configured for connecting the tubesheet to the structural connection element. In this way, a component is provided that acts as an intermediate piece between the structural connection element and the tubesheet. Advantageously, the adaptor can be configured to act as a predetermined breaking feature that in the case of damage, for example due to pressure overload, would be the first to fail, with the aim of avoiding any further damage happening to the tubesheet or head cover. In this way, only a comparatively inexpensive component would fail that can be easily replaced, saving the more expensive tubesheet and / or head cover from any damage. Additionally, the adaptor can be configured to be integral with the tubesheet in order to provide sufficient transfer of force and / or reducing possible error sources. The adaptor can be configured as a cylinder. In this way, the shape of the adaptor minimizes obstruction of the flow of the working fluid.

[0039] In an embodiment, the adaptor is configured to be attachable to the at least one predetermined through hole. In this way, the existing through holes of the tubesheet are utilized in order to receive the adaptor, which eliminates any dedicated attachment points and / or elements being required on or within the tubesheet for receiving the adaptor. The attachment of the adaptor to the through hole can be realized by any practical detachable or non-detachable connection means, for example through a threaded connection, press fit, welding, adhesive joint, screws / bolts, rivets, etc. Preferably, the adaptor is configured to be attachable from the first side of the tubesheet. In this way the adaptor, the structural connection element and the head cover are all configured to be attachable from the same side, in particular the first side, of the tubesheet.

[0040] In an embodiment, the adaptor comprises an opening, e.g. a radial / lateral opening, configured to fluidly connect the chamber to the at least one predetermined through hole. In this way, the fluidic throughput of the tubesheet itself is not reduced by the adaptor being configured to be attachable to the at least one predetermined through hole and therefore blocking any fluid from passing from the chamber into said at least one predetermined through hole. In an embodiment, the opening of the adaptor can be configured to extend between approximately 50-75% of the length and approximately 5-20% of the circumference of the adaptor. In this way, the opening does not have an adverse effect on the structural rigidity of the adaptor and / or its ability for transferring force from the tubesheet to the structural connection element.

[0041] Preferably, the opening of the adaptor consists of multiple axial slits, in particular 3-5 axial slits, evenly spaced around the circumference of the adaptor to form a radial opening. Furthermore, other shapes of the opening are also feasible, for example square oval, circular, etc.

[0042] In an embodiment, the respective adaptor, the respective predetermined through hole and the structural connection element are arranged collinear. In this way, the transfer of the mechanical stresses occurring during operation of the heat exchanger with a header arrangement according to the invention along the individual components is eased and / or supported through the collinearity of the components. In particular, mechanical stresses are thus transferred mainly as tensional forces via the adaptor, predetermined through hole and structural connection element. Furthermore, unfavorable shear, torsion and / or bending stresses are effectively avoided.

[0043] In an embodiment, the header arrangement further comprises an attachment element configured to receive a distal end of the structural connection element within the head cover. In particular, a distal end of the structural connection element is received within a hole in the head cover. In this way, a component is provided that enables the connection of the structural connection element within the head cover. The attachment element can be configured as a detachable connection means, for example a screw or bolt. Furthermore, the head cover can comprise a designated attachment section configured to receive the attachment element. In an embodiment, the attachment section can be configured as a surface essentially parallel to the surface of the tubesheet. Preferably, the attachment section comprises an optimized surface, in particular through surface treatment, in order to ensure a secure fit of the attachment element. Furthermore, the attachment section can be configured as an internally threaded hole or nut corresponding to the attachment element.

[0044] Preferably, the distal end of the structural connection element can be configured to pass through a hole in the head cover in order to be fixed on the outside surface of said head cover with the attachment element. The hole in the head cover can be configured to correspond to the diameter of the structural connection element and suitable seals and / or gaskets can be utilized in order to prevent leakage.

[0045] In an embodiment, the head cover at least partially has a hemispherical shape. Especially, the head cover is formed in the manner of a calotte of dome. In this way in terms of pressure resistance an optimally formed head cover is provided that advantageously also withstands forces transferred along the structural connection element. Furthermore, the head cover can be manufactured thinner while resisting the same amount of pressure in comparison to a head cover with edges, for example, a squared head cover or flat head cover, which comprises numerous local stress concentrations.

[0046] In an embodiment of the method, the tubesheet comprises a plurality of through holes, wherein the structural connection element is connected to the tubesheet via at least one predetermined through hole. In this way, the assembly of the header arrangement is improved, as no further attachment elements have to be arranged on the tubesheet since the existing through holes are utilized. Advantageously this reduces the amount of assembly steps, which in turn reduces assembly time and costs.

[0047] In an embodiment of the method, an adaptor is arranged between the structural connection element and the tubesheet to connect the tubesheet to the structural connection element, wherein the adaptor is in particular attached to the at least one predetermined through hole. In this way, the structural connection element can be connected to the tubesheet easily and fast during assembly. Further possible embodiments, features and advantages of the adaptor are as described above.

[0048] In an embodiment of the method, the structural connection element is connected to the head cover. In particular, the structural connection element is coupled to the head cover via at least one predetermined hole in the head cover, which corresponds to the structural connection element. Furthermore, a distal end of the structural connection element is secured in the hole with an attachment element, especially on the outside surface of the head cover. In this way, the structural connection element can be connected to the head cover easily and fast during assembly. Further possible embodiments, features and advantaged of the at least one predetermined hole in the head cover and of the attachment element are as described above.

[0049] The above embodiments can be combined with each other as desired, if useful. Further possible embodiments, further configurations and implementations of the invention also include combinations, not explicitly mentioned, of features of the invention described herein with respect to the embodiments. In particular, the skilled person will thereby also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the present invention.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] For a more comprehensive understanding of the invention and the advantages thereof, exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawing figures, in which like reference characters designate like parts and in which: Fig. 1shows a schematic representation of a header arrangement; Fig. 2shows a schematic representation of an adaptor and structural connection element according to an embodiment; Fig. 3shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger; Fig. 4shows a partial sectional view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment; Fig. 5shows a partial perspective sectional view of a heat exchanger according to the embodiment of Fig. 4; and Fig. 6shows an isometric view of a U-shaped heat exchanger.

[0051] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate particular embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. Other embodiments of the invention and many of the resulting advantages of the invention will be readily appreciated as they become better understood with reference to the following detailed description.

[0052] It will be appreciated that common and / or well understood elements that may be useful or necessary in a commercially feasible embodiment are not necessarily depicted in order to facilitate a more abstracted view of the embodiments. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily illustrated to scale relative to each other. It will further be appreciated that certain actions and / or steps in an embodiment of a method may be described or depicted in a particular order of occurrences while those skilled in the art will understand that such specificity with respect to sequence is not actually required. It will also be understood that the terms and expressions used in the present specification have the ordinary meaning as is accorded to such terms and expressions with respect to their corresponding respective areas of inquiry and study, except where specific meanings have otherwise been set forth herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0053] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a header arrangement 1.

[0054] The shown schematic representation depicts a header arrangement 1 in a sectional view. The individual components are not shown to scale and / or are not shown in an appropriate quantity, but only intended to show the functional relationship.

[0055] In the shown representation, the header arrangement 1 is for a heat exchanger 10. In particular, the header arrangement 1 may be for a shell and tube heat exchanger.

[0056] The header arrangement 1 comprises a tubesheet 2, a head cover 3 and a structural connection element 6. A tubesheet 2 is common with shell and tube heat exchangers. Furthermore, the head cover 3 is configured to be arranged abutting a first side 4 of the tubesheet 2. As shown, the head cover 3 is arranged in order to fluidly seal said first side 4 of the tubesheet 2 to form a chamber 5. As a non-limiting example, the head cover 3 is shown at least partially having an essentially hemispherical shape. Accordingly, the chamber 5 encapsulates a hemispherical volume.

[0057] Additionally, the header arrangiement 1 comprises a structural connection element 6, which is configured to be connected to the head cover 3 and extend through the chamber 5. The structural connection element 6 is configured to structurally support the tubesheet 2. As shown, the structural connection element 6 is depicted as three vertically spaced elongate members, e.g. cylinders, arranged extending through the chamber 5 between the tubesheet 2 and the head cover 3.

[0058] Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of an adaptor 11 and structural connection element 6 according to an embodiment.

[0059] The shown schematic representation depicts an embodiment with an adaptor 11 connected to the tubesheet 4 and structural connection element 6. In this embodiment, the header arrangement 1 further comprises the adaptor 11, which is arranged between the structural connection element 6 and the tubesheet 2 and configured for connecting the tubesheet 2 to the structural connection element 6.

[0060] In the shown embodiment, the structural connection element 6 comprises a plurality of rods 8; a single rod 8 is connected to adaptor 11 as depicted. Furthermore, the adaptor 11 is configured to be attachable to the at least one predetermined through hole 7 in tubesheet 2. In the shown example, the through hole 7 is covered by the adaptor 11. As shown, the adaptor 11 is configured as a cylindrical element extending from the through hole 7 towards the structural connection element 6. The rod 8 is connected to the adaptor 11 opposite from the tubesheet 2. The connection of the rod 8 and the adaptor 11 can be realized through any practical connection means, for example with an internal thread within the adaptor 11.

[0061] As shown, the adaptor 11 comprises an opening 12 configured to fluidly connect the chamber 5 to the at least one predetermined through hole 7. The opening 12 is shown as an ovular aperture in the circumferential surface of the adaptor 11. The shape of the opening 12 is to be understood as nonlimiting, the opening 12 can also be shaped as a circle, slit, square, etc. Furthermore, the adaptor 11 can comprise multiple openings 12, which are spaced, in particular evenIy, around the circumference of the adaptor 11.

[0062] Moreover, the adaptor 11, the predetermined through hole 7 and the structural connection element 6 are arranged collinear with each other. As a result, the individual components share a common central axis M.

[0063] In further embodiments, the structural connection element 5 comprises a hollow section 9 (not shown) configured to fluidly connect the chamber 5 to the at least one predetermined through hole 7. In such an embodiment, the structural connection element 6 and / or the rod 8 are / is directly connected to the tubesheet 2 without the use of an adaptor 11.

[0064] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger 10.

[0065] The shown schematic representation depicts a simplified heat exchanger 10 in a sectional view. The individual components are not shown to scale and / or are not shown in an appropriate quantity. Furthermore, the shown representation contains a break on the left side in order to show a detailed view of the header arrangement 1. In the shown representation, the heat exchanger 10 is configured as a shell and tube heat exchanger. The heat exchanger 10 comprises a header arrangement 1 according to Fig. 1, a plurality of tubes 14 and a shell 16. As shown, the plurality of tubes are configured to be arranged abutting a second side 15 of the tubesheet 2.

[0066] As shown, the shell 16 is configured to enclose the plurality of tubes 14 and is configured to be arranged abutting and fluidly seal said second side 15 of the tubesheet 2. The connection of the shell 16 and the tubesheet 2 can be realized through any practical detachable or non-detachable connection means, for example through welding, screws / boIts, rivets, etc. Furthermore, the shell 16 and / or the tubesheet 2 can comprise a flanged section in order to facilitate the connection between themselves.

[0067] Each respective tube 14 is received through the respective predetermined through hole 7 in the tubesheet 2 In order to fluidly connect the respective tube 14 to the chamber 5 on the first side 4 of the tubesheet 2. In this way, a first working fluid that enters into the chamber 5 through the tube inlet 17 can flow from the chamber 5 on the first side 4 of the tubesheet 2 through a respective through hole 7 and into a respective tube 14. Simultaneously a second working fluid enters shell inlet 18 into the shell 16. The tube inlet 17 and shell inlet 18 can respectively be configured to act as outIets.

[0068] Fig. 4 shows a partial sectional view of a heat exchanger 10 according to an embodiment.

[0069] The shown depiction of the heat exchanger 10 contains a break on the left side in order to show a detailed view of the header arrangement 1.

[0070] As shown, the structural connection element 6 comprises a plurality of rods 8 configured to extend from the head cover 3 through the chamber 5. In particular, the structural connection element 6 and / or the plurality of rods 8 are essentially arranged in parallel to each other and / or essentially perpendicular to the tubesheet 2.

[0071] The head cover 3 as shown at least partially has a hemispherical shape. In addition, the heat exchanger 10 comprises ribs 19 arranged circumferentially around the outer perimeter of the shell 16 and connecting the shell 16 to the tubesheet 2. The depicted ribs 19 act as a reinforcement for transferring mechanical stress between the shell 16, tubesheet 2 and head cover 3.

[0072] Furthermore, the heat exchanger 16 comprises baffles 20. The baffles 20 act as walls within the shell 16 that guide the working fluid through the she 16. The baffles 20 are configured to be arranged essentially perpendicular to the tubes 14. Moreover, the tube inlet 17 and shell inlet 18 are shown arranged at the lower end of the chamber 5 and shell 15 respectively.

[0073] Fig. 5 shows a partial perspective sectional view of a heat exchanger 10 according to Fig. 4.

[0074] As shown, the tubesheet 2 comprises a plurality of through holes 7. The through holes 7 are configured to fluidly connect the chamber 5 arranged on the first side 4 of the tubesheet 2 with the tubes 14 arranged on the second side 15 (not shown) of the tubesheet 2.

[0075] Furthermore, the structural connection element 6, comprising rods 8, is configured to be connected to the tubesheet 2 via at least one predetermined through hole 7. In the shown embodiment the header arrangement 10 comprises adaptors 11 arranged between the rods 8 and the predetermined through holes 7. As depicted, the rods 8 are arranged and connected to the tubesheet 2 in a specific pattern within the chamber 5. Furthermore, the amount of rods 8 of the structural connection element 6 and the pattern in which they are arranged can be chosen depending on different requirements of the heat exchanger 10.

[0076] The header arrangement 1 comprises an attachment element 21 configured to receive a distal end 13 of the structural connection element 6 within the head cover 3. As shown, the connection of the structural connection element 6 within the head cover 3 can be realized by providing a hole in the head cover 3, which corresponds to the structural connection element 6, and securing the distal end 13 with the attachment element 21 on the outside surface of the head cover 3, for example by means of a threaded hole and / or a nut.

[0077] The method of assembling a header arrangement for a heat exchanger as shown in Fig 5, comprises the following steps: providing the tubesheet 2, providing the head cover 3, providing the structural connection element 6 configured to be connected to the head cover 3 and extend through the chamber 5 to structurally support the tubesheet 2, coupling the structural connection element 5 to the first side 4 of the tubesheet 2 and arranging the head cover 3 abutting the first side 4 of the tubesheet 2 in order to fluidly seal said first side 4 to form the chamber 5.

[0078] As shown, the tubesheet 2 comprises a plurality of through holes 7 and the structural connection element 5 is connected to the tubesheet 2 via at least one predetermined through hole 7. Moreover, the adaptor 11 is arranged between the structural connection element 6 and the tubesheet 2 to connect the tubesheet 2 to the structural connection element 6, wherein the adaptor 11 is in particular attached to the at least one predetermined through hole 7.

[0079] The structural connection element 5 is connected to the head cover 3, in particular by coupling the structural connection element 6 to the head cover 3 via at least one predetermined through hole 7 in the head cover 3 which corresponds to the structural connection element 6. In addition, securing the distal end 13 of the structural connection element 6 with an attachment element 2A, especially on the outside surface of the head cover 3.

[0080] Fig. 6 shows an isometric view of a U-shaped heat exchanger.

[0081] The shown heat exchanger 10 is configured as a U-type shell and tube heat exchanger, which is characterized by the shell 16 being shaped as the letter "U", wherein both ends of the "U" are sealed with a header arrangement 1 as shown with respect to the heat exchanger 10 according to Fig. 4. Furthermore, the heat exchanger 1 comprises a plurality of tubes 14 configured to be arranged abutting a second side 15 of the respective tubesheets 2 of the respective header arrangements 1.

[0082] The shell 16 is configured to enclose the plurality of tubes 14 and is configured to be arranged abutting and fluidly seal the second side 15 of the respective tubesheets 2 of the respective header arrangements 1. Each respective tube 14 is received through the respective predetermined through hole 7 in the respective tubesheet 2 in order to fluidly connect the respective tube 14 to the respective chamber 5 on the first side 4 of the respective tubesheets 2 of the respective header arrangements 1.

[0083] Although specific embodiments of the invention are illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of implementations exist. It should be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are examples only and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration in any way. Rather, the foregoing summary and detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing at least one exemplary embodiment, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope as set forth in the appended claims and their legal equivalents. Generally, this application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific embodiments discussed herein.

[0084] It will also be appreciated that in this document the terms "comprise", "comprising", "include", "including", "contain", "containing", "have", "having", and any variations thereof, are intended to be understood in an inclusive (i.e. nonexclusive) sense, such that the process, method, device, apparatus or system described herein is not limited to those features or parts or elements or steps recited but may include other elements, features, parts or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Furthermore, the terms "a" and "an" used herein are intended to be understood as meaning one or more unless explicitly stated otherwise. Moreover, the terms "first", "second", " third", etc. are used merely as labeIs, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on or to establish a certain ranking of importance of their objects.

Claims

1. Header arrangement (1) for a shell and tube heat exchanger, comprising: a tubesheet (2); a head cover (3), configured to be arranged abutting a first side (4) of the sheet (2) and fluidly seal said first side (4) to form a chamber (5); a structural connection element (6) configured to be connected to the cover (3) and extend through the chamber (5) to structurally support the tubesheet (2), wherein the tubesheet (2) comprises a plurality of through holes (7), wherein the structural connection element (6) is configured to be connected to the tubesheet (2) via at least one predetermined through hole (7), and wherein the structural connection element (6) comprises a plurality of rods (8) configured to extend from the head cover (3) through the chamber (5) essentially in parallel to each other and / or essentially perpendicular to the tubesheet (2), characterized in that the structural connection element (6) comprises a hollow section (9) configured to fluidly connect the chamber (5) to the at least one predetermined through hole (7).

2. Header arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising an adaptor (11) arranged between the structural connection element (6) and the tubesheet (2), and wherein the adaptor (11) is configured for connecting the tubesheet (2) to the structural connection element (6).

3. Header arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the adaptor (11) is configured to be attachable to the at least one predetermined through hole (7).

4. Header arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the adaptor (11) comprises an opening (12) configured to fluidly connect the chamber (5) to the at least one predetermined through hole (7).

5. Header arrangement according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the respective adaptor (11), the respective predetermined through hole (7) and the structural connection element (6) are arranged collinear.

6. Header arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising an attachment element (21) configured to receive a distal end (13) of the structural connection element (6) within the head cover (3), in particular within a hole in the head cover.

7. Header arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the head cover (3) at least partially has a hemispherical shape.

8. Method of assembling a header arrangement (1) according to any of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: providing a tubesheet (2); providing a head cover (3); providing a structural connection element (6) configured to be connected to the head cover (3) and extend through the chamber (5) to structurally support the tubesheet (2); coupling the structural connection element (6) to the a first side (4) of the tubesheet (2); and arranging the head cover (3) abutting the first side (4) of the tubesheet (2) in order to fluidly seal said first side (4) to form a chamber (5).

9. Method of assembling a header arrangement for a heat exchanger according to claim 8, wherein the tubesheet (2) comprises a plurality of through holes (7), and wherein the structural connection element (5) is connected to the tubesheet (2) via at least one predetermined through hole (7).

10. Method of assembling a header arrangement for a heat exchanger according to claim 9, wherein an adaptor (11) is arranged between the structural connection element (6) and the tubesheet (2) to connect the tubesheet (2) to the structural connection element (6), wherein the adaptor (11) is in particular attached to the at least one predetermined through hole (7) .

11. Method of assembling a header arrangement for a heat exchanger according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the structural connection element (5) is connected to the head cover (3) by coupling the structural connection element (6) to the head cover (3) via at least one predetermined through hole (7) in the head cover (3) which corresponds to the structural connection element (6), and securing a distal end (13) of the structural connection element (6) with an attachment element (21), especially on the outside surface of the cover (3).

12. Shell and tube heat exchanger (10), comprising: a header arrangement (1) according to any of the claims 1 to 7 or manufactured according to the method of any of the claims 8 to 11; a plurality of tubes (14) configured to be arranged abutting a second side (15) of the tubesheet (2); a shell (16) configured to enclose the plurality of tubes (14) and to be arranged abutting and fluidly seal the second side (15) of the tubesheet (2); wherein each respective tube (14) is received through the respective predetermined through hole (7) in the tubesheet (2) in order to fluidly connect the respective tube (14) to the chamber (5) on the first side (4) of the tubesheet (2) .