Card wire
The sawtooth wire design addresses the inefficiency of fiber delivery by using a geometric configuration of teeth to guide fibers away from accumulation points, enhancing processing efficiency and reducing waste in spinning preparation machines.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2017739943
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2016-08-08
- Filing Date
- 2017-07-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-08
- Estimated Expiration
- 2037-07-07
AI Technical Summary
Conventional sawtooth wires for spinning preparation machines are inefficient in delivering fiber material to downstream locations due to fiber accumulation in the transition areas between teeth, leading to reduced processing efficiency and increased waste.
A sawtooth wire design featuring a tooth base with a support edge and a row of teeth arranged to minimize fiber accumulation, where each tooth has a unique geometric configuration with sections that guide fibers efficiently, including a concave second section merging into a third section, and a reversal point with a tangent that defines a distance greater than half the tooth tip to tooth side distance, preventing fiber jamming and enhancing fiber delivery.
The design significantly reduces fiber accumulation and waste, improving the efficiency of spinning preparation machines by ensuring more fiber material is processed and delivered to downstream locations, such as carding machines.
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Abstract
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a sawtooth wire for rollers of spinning preparation machines, such as cards, in particular a sawtooth wire for a reel.
[0002] Such sawtooth wires are typically manufactured as strand material, optionally wound onto transport rollers, and wound helically or spirally along the outer circumference of a corresponding roller, such as a drum roller. Rollers formed in this way are used for a variety of purposes. There are cleaning rollers designed to separate incoming fiber material from impurities, such as cotton boll material. Other sawtooth wires, in turn, are designed to separate and parallelize fibers, as is the case, for example, with the drum rollers of carding machines. For rollers intermediately positioned in a processing chain, it is necessary to remove fiber material from an upstream location and deliver it to a downstream location, and to do so at the highest possible speed.This is the case, for example, with drum rollers which are designed to take fibre material from a licker-in roller and deliver it to a doffer roller. It has been found that with the known sawtooth wires too much fibre material reaches the roller and is therefore not delivered to the downstream location, or only to an insufficient extent. The deepest area between two teeth, usually the transition area between the tooth face of one tooth and the back of the next tooth (hereinafter referred to as the inter-tooth space) in the row of teeth of the sawtooth wire, has, viewed transversely to the longitudinal extent of the sawtooth wire when stretched out, a distance to a contact surface of the sawtooth wire on the roller which is sufficiently small to allow the sawtooth wire to be bent in such a way as to place it around the associated roller, as described above, and thus to be wound onto this roller.During operation, fibers tend to accumulate in this transition zone, preventing usable fiber material from being processed further, for example, from being removed by a take-off roller.
[0003] Sawtooth wires are known from US 2 937 413 A, WO 99 / 388661 A1 and CN 204 738 066 U.
[0004] The object of the invention is to at least mitigate this disadvantage. This object is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
[0005] According to the invention, a sawtooth wire is provided which is designed to be wound onto a roller of a spinning preparation machine along an outer circumference of the roller and essentially transversely to its axis of rotation in a helical or spiral manner. The sawtooth wire is produced in a known manner, preferably as a strand material, for example, rolled onto a transport roller and, when wound onto a roller, wound onto the outer circumference of the roller in a helical or spiral manner. The sawtooth wire has a tooth base with a support edge which extends along the longitudinal extent of the sawtooth wire. This support edge serves as the later support or contact section with the roller onto which the sawtooth wire is to be wound. Furthermore, the sawtooth wire has a row of teeth which is formed on a tooth side of the tooth base facing away from and opposite the support edge.When the sawtooth wire is stretched out, i.e. neither wound onto a transport reel nor onto a roller, it ideally runs in a straight line. In this state, the row of teeth extends along the length of the sawtooth wire and comprises individual teeth. The teeth are arranged one behind the other in a row along the length of the sawtooth wire so that they protrude from the tooth side essentially perpendicular to the length of the sawtooth wire. Each tooth has a tooth tip that points along the length of the sawtooth wire and in the same direction as the tooth tips of the other teeth in the row. This direction can be parallel to the tooth side or enclose an acute angle with it, i.e. point away from the tooth side. Furthermore, each tooth has a tooth face.This is designed, starting from the corresponding tooth tip of the respective tooth, in such a way that it extends in a first section at an acute angle on the tooth side to a corresponding tooth back of the tooth. The first section merges into a concave second section which adjoins its end remote from the tooth tip. The end of this second section remote from the first section points at an acute angle to the tooth side in the direction of the tooth side and away from the corresponding tooth back. The second section, in turn, merges into a third section which adjoins its end remote from the first section and extends further towards the tooth side and also away from the corresponding tooth back. The third section merges into a concave fourth section which adjoins its end remote from the second section and whose end remote from the third section points along the longitudinal extent of the sawtooth wire and away from the corresponding tooth back.The fourth section now merges into a tooth back of the next tooth in the row, which end is remote from the third section, and thus borders on this tooth back. Furthermore, there is a reversal point in the aforementioned second section, at which a second tangent applied to the second section runs perpendicular to the tooth side. The length of the tangent from the reversal point to the tooth side is greater than or equal to half the distance, viewed along the tangent (perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the sawtooth wire), between the corresponding tooth tip and the tooth side. The tangent length therefore defines the distance between the reversal point and the tooth side. This results in a tooth tip that is relatively low in relation to the height of the entire tooth.This means that when the sawtooth wire is wound up, i.e. when it is wound onto an associated roller, fiber material that is to be processed by the teeth (for example, carded) can no longer get into the spaces between the teeth and remain there more easily. In particular, the fact that the fourth, concave section merges directly into the back of the next tooth means that this transition point is very small. This means that hardly any fibers can collect there but, due to the rotation speed of the associated roller, are guided almost immediately towards the second section, which is positioned quite high in relation to the roller surface. This means that more fiber material is fed for further processing (for example in the form of drawing) than is the case with conventional sawtooth wires.Waste and, with it, rejects are reduced; the efficiency of a spinning preparation machine equipped with such a sawtooth wire is improved. As a result, the fibers are guided higher relative to the roll surface.
[0006] The ratio between the length of the second tangent, i.e. the distance of the reversal point to the tooth side, to the aforementioned distance between the tooth tip and the tooth side is 4:5. As a result, more fiber material reaches the aforementioned third section and can be transported from there towards the second section near the associated tooth tip when the respective tooth is guided past the fiber material with the tooth tip first.
[0007] In the aforementioned cases, the second section can correspond to a section of the circumference of an ellipse. This creates an edge-free and thus continuous tooth face in this area. The risk of fiber jamming in this area of the tooth face is eliminated or at least greatly reduced.
[0008] Preferably, the ellipse is a circle with a predetermined radius. This is a particularly easy-to-manufacture geometric shape.
[0009] The radius is preferably smaller than the difference between the length of the second tangent and the aforementioned distance between the tooth tip and the tooth side. This allows the reversal point to be positioned very close to the corresponding tooth tip, which further helps reduce waste.
[0010] In both cases, the radius is preferably approximately 0.07 mm. This has proven to be a very favorable value with regard to fiber absorption at the tooth face. The term "approximately" refers, in the context of the invention, to manufacturing-related tolerances with respect to the respective reference value, in this case the radius.
[0011] The aforementioned distance between the tooth tip and tooth side is preferably approximately 0.5 mm for all sawtooth wires specified above. This is a particularly suitable value for processing sufficient fibers.
[0012] In the variants specified above, the ratio between the tip height, i.e. the distance between the tooth side and the tooth tip in a direction transverse to the tooth side or to the longitudinal extent of the sawtooth wire, and a tooth spacing along the longitudinal extent of the sawtooth wire from the tooth tip of a tooth to the tooth tip of the immediately adjacent tooth in the row of teeth can be 5:17. This creates a very favorable ratio of the tooth height (height without tooth root) to the distance between two immediately adjacent sawtooth wire teeth for operation.
[0013] This tooth spacing can be less than approximately 2 mm, preferably approximately 1.7 mm or 1.5 mm, with or without maintaining the 5:17 ratio. These lengths have proven particularly favorable with respect to the fibers to be processed, especially with regard to their length.
[0014] The second tangent and a first tangent applied to the first section at the location of the corresponding tooth tip enclose a predetermined acute angle for all of the aforementioned sawtooth wires.
[0015] According to the invention, this angle is essentially at least 30° and at most 55°. This angle range allows for very efficient fiber treatment.
[0016] In each of the aforementioned sawtooth wires, the tooth back of a tooth preferably comprises a fifth and a sixth section. The fifth section adjoins the fourth section of the tooth in front of it in the row of teeth and extends away from this fourth section. The sixth section, in turn, adjoins the fifth section at the end remote from the fourth section and extends towards the tip of the associated tooth. Finally, the fifth and sixth sections form acute angles with the tooth side that are different from one another. This means that both sections have different inclines towards the tooth tip in relation to the tooth side, thus enabling a type of intermediate receptacle, or at least a guidance of fibres, towards the second section of the tooth face that directly adjoins the tooth back in the row of teeth.
[0017] The largest angle between the fifth section and the tooth side is preferably smaller than the largest angle between the sixth section and the tooth side. Thus, the collected fibers are directed toward the tooth side much more slowly or not at all through the sixth section than the fifth section allows. This allows fibers to be introduced into the processing process more effectively, for example, due to centrifugal force, than would be possible with a section with only one pitch.
[0018] Additionally or alternatively, the tooth back can further comprise a seventh section which adjoins the sixth section at its end remote from the fifth section. The seventh section forms a greatest acute angle with the tooth side which is greater than the greatest angle between the sixth section and the tooth side. This creates a type of step in the area of the sixth section, even if this does not necessarily run parallel to the tooth side and is therefore more or less horizontal. The tooth tip of the corresponding tooth therefore protrudes further from the tooth side than the sixth section and can therefore be optimized for pulling out fibers, while the seventh section and the second section of the tooth face adjacent to the sixth section can be optimized for guiding and removing unwanted fibers.
[0019] Preferably, the tooth back also comprises an eighth section, which adjoins the seventh section at the end remote from the sixth section. This eighth section forms a maximum acute angle with the tooth side that is smaller than the maximum angle between the seventh section and the tooth side. This creates a kind of hump between the tooth tip and the seventh section, which has a similar effect on the fibers as the sixth section.
[0020] For each of the aforementioned sawtooth wires, the transition area between at least two immediately adjacent sections and / or the transition area between the respective fourth section and the adjoining tooth back can be designed to be continuous. This means that, in the extreme case, there are no discontinuous transitions between two immediately adjacent tooth tips that could enable or promote fiber adhesion and thus negatively influence the effectiveness of the sawtooth wire.
[0021] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments. They show: Figure 1 shows a sawtooth wire according to a first embodiment of the invention in various views, Figure 2 shows a sawtooth wire according to a second embodiment of the invention, Figure 3 shows a sawtooth wire according to a third embodiment of the invention, Figure 4 shows a sawtooth wire according to a fourth embodiment of the invention and Figure 5 shows a sawtooth wire according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
[0022] Figure 1a shows a sawtooth wire 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention in side view when the sawtooth wire 1 is stretched out. Figure 1b shows the sawtooth wire 1 in section along a line A - A in Figure 1a. Figure 1c in turn shows the Figure 1a The area outlined in a square is enlarged in section.
[0023] The sawtooth wire 1 has in a Figure 1a and Figure 1bThe lower area has a tooth base 2, on the upper side of which a row of teeth is formed. The row of teeth essentially consists of several teeth 3 arranged one behind the other.
[0024] The tooth base 2 has a bottom side which serves as a support edge 4 for the roller (not shown) onto which the sawtooth wire 1 is to be wound. The side of the tooth base 2 facing the teeth 3 forms a tooth side 5. As shown in Figure 1b As can be seen, the tooth side 5 is designed in such a way that it transitions from the right edge of the tooth base 2 towards tooth 3 into the latter.
[0025] The teeth 3 have, in a known manner, a tooth back 10 and a tooth face 20, which meet at one end at a tooth tip 6 of the respective tooth 3 and at the other end merge into the tooth face 20 of the tooth 3 arranged immediately before it or the tooth back 10 of the tooth 3 arranged immediately after it.
[0026] The tooth base 2 is made of a material that allows the sawtooth wire 1 to be wound onto a corresponding roller. For this purpose, it has a predetermined height h F .
[0027] The tooth back 10 of the respective tooth 3 begins, starting from the tooth breast 20 of the previous one, i.e. in Figure 1a, arranged to the left of it, with a section 11 which is designed to rise in the direction of the tooth tip 6 with respect to the tooth side 5. The section 11 runs at an acute angle to the tooth side 5 towards the tooth tip 6. This section 11 is followed by a section 12 of the tooth back 10. The section 12 runs flatter or even parallel to the tooth side 5 with respect to it. At its end remote from section 11, here on the right, the section 12 merges into the next section 13, which is steeper than section 12 and, for example, flatter than section 11. At its end remote from section 12, section 13 in turn opens into a now final section 14 of the tooth back 10. The end of section 14 remote from section 13 forms, in conjunction with an adjoining section 21 of the tooth face 20, the tooth tip 6.
[0028] Starting from the tooth tip 6, the section 21 extends away from the tooth tip 6 toward the tooth side 5 and the tooth back 10 of the same tooth 3. The essentially straight section 21 merges at its end remote from the tooth tip 6 into a section 22, which in the example shown follows the circumference of a circle with a predetermined radius. The radius is, for example, approximately 0.07 mm. The transition between sections 21 and 22 is preferably continuous. This has the advantage that fibers located there can move past the tooth face 20 without the risk of jamming.
[0029] At a lower end, remote from section 21, section 22 merges into a subsequent section 23. In the example shown, this is preferably designed to be straight, similar to section 21. It extends to tooth side 5 and to the tooth back 10 of the subsequent tooth 3. This results in a region that slopes downwards with respect to the tooth root 2. At its end remote from section 22, section 23 merges into a concave section 24, which, at its end remote from section 23, borders the tooth back 10 of the immediately subsequent tooth 3. Section 24 has a minimal distance from tooth side 5 with respect to the rest of the tooth 3, which distance is sufficient to place the sawtooth wire 1 around a roller. For this purpose, it is necessary to bend the sawtooth wire 1 so that the Figure 1 The straight support edge 4 rests firmly on the outer circumference of the roller at all points. This minimum distance is preferably 0.1 mm.
[0030] Section 22 indicates at its Figure 1 At the leftmost point perpendicular to tooth side 5, there is a distance or height hu which, for example, is 0.5 mm. In relation to tooth side 5, this point is therefore considerably higher than half of a distance or height hz between the tooth tip 6 and tooth side 5. This distance thus corresponds to the length of a tangent (vertical dash-dot line) that can be drawn at this point and runs perpendicular to tooth side 5.
[0031] A tooth tip distance az between the tooth tips 6 of two immediately consecutive teeth, i.e. the pitch, is in the example shown less than about 2 mm, preferably about 1.7 mm or 1.5 mm with a tolerance of +0.06 mm to -0.03 mm.
[0032] A length IR of the respective tooth back 10 along the longitudinal extent of the sawtooth wire 1, when stretched out, ie along the tooth side 5, is, for example, more than half of the aforementioned tooth tip distance az.
[0033] A tangent applied to section 21 in the area of tooth tip 6 forms a predetermined angle α with a line perpendicular to tooth side 5 and intersecting tooth tip 6. In the example shown, angle α is 55° and is therefore the same size as a corresponding angle between this tangent and the aforementioned tangent applied to the reversal point in section 22.
[0034] The tooth base 2 in Figure 1b can of course also point to the left, so that the sawtooth wire 1 in this figure is mirrored along a vertical line.
[0035] Figure 2shows a sawtooth wire 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention. As can be seen, the tooth back 10 has only three sections 11-13 instead of four. Sections 11-13 are designed similarly to sections 11-13 of the first embodiment, except for section 14. This results in a tangent applied to section 13 and intersecting the tooth tip 6 forming a larger acute angle α with the tooth side 5 than in the first embodiment of the invention. The angle α is, for example, the same as in the first embodiment.
[0036] Figure 3shows a sawtooth wire 1 according to a third embodiment of the invention. Here, too, there are only three sections 11 - 13 for the tooth back 10. The section 11 is a concave section which, at its end remote from the previous tooth 3, merges into a section 12 which is formed by means of an ascending plane with respect to the tooth side 5. The adjoining section 13, which extends to the tooth tip 6 (not designated here), is preferably designed like the section 14 of the first embodiment of the invention. This means that the section 12 present in the first embodiment is omitted here. Furthermore, the section 21 is steeper than in the second embodiment. As a result, the angle α is comparatively smaller and amounts to 40° in the example shown.
[0037] Figure 4shows a sawtooth wire 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. In contrast to the third embodiment, section 13 is shorter.
[0038] Figure 5 shows a sawtooth wire 1 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
[0039] Here, section 13 is significantly longer than in the previous embodiments. This results in the respective fiber remaining in the upper region of the sawtooth wire 1 for a longer time, thus reducing the risk of fibers accumulating in the area of section 11.
[0040] In addition, the section 24 is shorter than in the previous embodiments.
[0041] The invention is not limited to the prescribed embodiments.
[0042] Preferably, the sections 11 - 14, 21 - 24, apart from the section pairs 13, 21 and 14, 21 forming the tooth tip 6, merge continuously into one another in part or in whole, so that there are no discontinuous transitions in the relevant areas that could promote or enable clamping or adhesion of fibers.
[0043] The previously described shapes of tooth face 20 and tooth back 10, or their sections 11 - 14; 21 - 24, can be combined with each other or exchanged for each other in any way.
[0044] For example, the second and fifth embodiments can be combined in such a way that the tooth backs 10 are terrace-like.
[0045] The aforementioned radius for section 22 can also take a different value.
[0046] Section 22 may also correspond to a partial circumference of a non-circular ellipse.
[0047] As a result, the invention creates a sawtooth wire 1 that is particularly suitable for reel spools and effectively prevents fibers from accumulating in the lower region, i.e., in the region between the tooth face 20 and the tooth back 10 of two directly consecutive teeth 3. This means that the fibers are kept substantially further away from the tooth side 5 and closer to the respective tooth tip 6. This has a particularly favorable effect on the fibers being able to be removed from the sawtooth wire 1 by a corresponding roller. Particularly during carding, the fibers can thus be better fed to the removing roller, which improves the efficiency of the spinning preparation machine provided with the sawtooth wire 1. A further advantage is that, thanks to the sawtooth wire according to the invention, the fibers can be better fed to other elements that interact with the sawtooth wire, such as flats and strips. List of reference symbols
[0048] 1Sawtooth wire 2Tooth base 3Tooth 4Support edge 5Tooth side 6Tooth tip 10Tooth back 11Section 12Section 13Section 14Section 20Tooth breast 21Section 22Section 23Section 24Section huHeight azTooth tip distance hzTooth tip height h F Tooth root height IR Tooth back length αAngle
Claims
1. A saw-tooth wire (1), • adapted for being helically mounted onto a spinning preparation machine roll around the outer circumference thereof and almost transversely to the axis of rotation thereof, • including - a tooth root (2) with a support border (4), which extends along the longitudinal extension of the saw-tooth wire (1), and - a row of teeth, which is formed on a tooth side (5) of the tooth root (2) facing away from the support border (4) and located opposite therefrom, • wherein, with the saw-tooth wire (1) being expanded, - the row of teeth extends along the longitudinal extension of the saw-tooth wire (1), - teeth (3) of the row of teeth being disposed one after the other in a row in longitudinal extension of the saw-tooth wire (1) such that they project from the tooth side (5) essentially vertically to the longitudinal extension of the saw-tooth wire (1), - each tooth (3) • has a tooth tip (6), which along the longitudinal extension of the saw-tooth wire (1), points in the same direction as the tooth tips of the other teeth (3) of the row of teeth and is located parallel to the tooth side (5) or includes an acute angle with the same, and • has a tooth face (20), which, starting at the tooth tip (6) of the tooth (3) is formed so as to ∘ in a first section (21), extend at an acute angle to the tooth side (5) and to an associated tooth back (10) of the tooth (3), ∘ transition into a concave second section (22) adjoining the end of the first section (21) remote from the tooth tip (6), the end thereof remote from the first section (21), at an acute angle, pointing to the tooth side (5) and pointing away from the associated tooth back (10), ∘ transition into a third section (23) adjoining the end of the second section (22) remote from the first section (21), which third section (23) extends towards the tooth side (5) and away from the associated tooth back (10), ∘ transition into a concave fourth section (24) adjoining the end of the third section (23) remote from the second section (22), the end thereof remote from the third section (23) pointing in the direction longitudinal extension of the saw-tooth wire (1) and away from the associated tooth back (10), and ∘ with an end of the fourth section (24) remote from the third section (23) bordering a tooth back (10) of the following tooth (3) disposed in the row of teeth, - a turning point in the second section (22), at which a second tangent, which is applied to the second section (22), runs vertically to the tooth side (5), the length (hU) thereof, from the turning point to the tooth side (5), being greater than or equal to half a distance (hZ), seen along the second tangent, between the associated tooth tip (6) and the tooth side (5), and - the second tangent and a first tangent, which is applied to the first section (21) at the point of the associated tooth tip (6), include a predetermined acute angle (α), which approximately • is 30°, - is between 30° and 55°, or • is 55°, - wherein the ratio of the length (hU) of the second tangent to the distance (hZ) is 4 : 5.
2. The saw-tooth wire (1) according to claim 1, wherein the second section (22) corresponds to a portion of a circumferential line of an ellipse.
3. The saw-tooth wire (1) according to claim 2, wherein the ellipse is a circle with a predetermined radius.
4. The saw-tooth wire (1) according to claim 3, wherein the radius is smaller than a difference between the length (hU) of the second tangent and the distance (hZ).
5. The saw-tooth wire (1) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the radius is essentially 0.07 mm.
6. The saw-tooth wire (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the distance (hZ) essentially is 0.5 mm.
7. The saw-tooth wire (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio between the distance (hZ) and a tooth tip distance (aZ) along the longitudinal extension of the saw-tooth wire (1) from the tooth tip (6) of a tooth (3) of the row of teeth to the tooth tip (6) of a directly neighbouring disposed tooth (3) of the row of teeth essentially is 5 : 17.
8. The saw-tooth wire (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a tooth tip distance (aZ) along the longitudinal extension of the saw-tooth wire (1) from the tooth tip (6) of a tooth (3) of the row of teeth to the tooth tip (6) of a directly neighbouring disposed tooth (3) of the row of teeth is approximately 2 mm.
9. The saw-tooth wire (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein • the tooth back (10) of a tooth (3) - comprises a fifth section (11), which adjoins the fourth section (24) of the tooth (3) of the row of teeth respectively disposed in front thereof and extends away from said fourth section (24), and - comprises a sixth section (12), which adjoins the fifth section (11) at the end thereof remote from the fourth section (24) and extends towards the tooth tip (6) of the tooth (3), and • the fifth and the sixth sections (11, 12) with the tooth side (5) include acute angles and angles, which are differently sized with regard to each other.
10. The saw-tooth wire (1) according to claim 9, wherein the greatest angle between the fifth section (11) and the tooth side (5) is smaller than the greatest angle between the sixth section (12 and the tooth side (5).
11. The saw-tooth wire (1) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein • furthermore the tooth back (10) of the tooth (3) comprises a seventh section (13), which adjoins the sixth section (12) at the end thereof remote from the fifth section (11), and • the seventh section (13) with the tooth side (5) includes a greatest acute angle, which is greater than the greatest angle between the sixth section (12) and the tooth side (5).
12. The saw-tooth wire (1) according to claim 11, wherein • furthermore the tooth back (10) comprises an eighth section (14), which adjoins the seventh section (13) at the end thereof remote from the sixth section (12), and • the eighth section (14) with the tooth side (5) includes a greatest acute angle, which is smaller than the greatest angle between the seventh section (13) and the tooth side (5).
13. The saw-tooth wire (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the transition area between at least two sections (24, 11; 11, 12; 12, 13; 13, 14; 21, 22; 22, 23; 23, 24) directly neighbouring each other and / or between the respective fourth section (14) and the adjoining tooth back (10) is or are configured continuously.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Improved tooth form for a saw blade
WO1999038661A1