Rolling machine, system and method for rolling a longitudinally oriented profile

Abstract

The invention relates to a rolling machine for rolling a longitudinal profile, in particular a splined shaft, onto a shaft- or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece (5). The invention further relates to a reverse feed rolling process, a system, and a shaft- or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece (5) with a shaft shoulder (9).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a rolling machine for rolling a longitudinal profile, in particular a spline on a shaft- or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece. Furthermore, a system and a method for rolling a longitudinal profile and a shaft- or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece as a product of the process are described. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] DE 1 013 612 B discloses a device for cold rolling axially parallel profiles, for example gear teeth, on rod-shaped workpieces. The device comprises rotary-driven profile rollers that are conical in their inlet region and arranged parallel to the workpiece axis and at a fixed distance. Between these rollers, the freely rotatably mounted workpiece is continuously conveyed in the axial direction by a feed device independent of the roller drive. Such a process is referred to in the present disclosure as a push-through rolling process. Push-through rolling processes are particularly suitable for producing long profiles and / or profiles on hollow shafts, since the pressure on the workpiece is relatively low due to the relatively short contact area between the profile rollers and the workpiece.The two opposing rolls have a cylindrical roll section with a constant profile cross-section and a conical inlet section, where all profiles taper toward the inlet side, thus reducing the tip and root diameters of the rolled section. The cylindrical section can be followed by another conical profile in the outlet section, with the same shape as the inlet section, to improve detachment even at high roll speeds and high workpiece feed rates. DE 1 013 612 B describes a roll drive and an independently designed feed drive.

[0003] However, round tools are not limited to the arrangement with two rollers in DE 1 013 612 B. For example, three or more round rolling tools can be arranged around a workpiece to apply a profile to a workpiece, see, for example, DE 803 232 A1.

[0004] DE 10 2007 039 959 A1 discloses a rolling machine with incremental round rolling tools and a method for cold rolling longitudinal gears and profiles on a workpiece. The rolling spindles are freely positionable in the feed direction toward the workpiece and simultaneously in the axial direction relative to the workpiece. The rolling spindles are driven synchronously by a CNC control of the profile rolling machine and are advanced in stages to apply the gearing to the workpiece in sections. A disadvantage of the method described here is the short inlet area of ​​the rolling disks, which, due to the resulting feed forces, causes correspondingly high wear on the rolling disks and severely limits the service life of the machine.

[0005] From EP 4 100 186 A1, which forms the basis of the preamble of claim 1, it is known to improve the short service life of a rolling machine by using a roll disk package with a main disk and an interchangeable disk, wherein the interchangeable disk is arranged upstream of the main disk in order to absorb the main stress of the push-through rolling processes. The roll disk package comprises an inlet area, optionally a calibration area and a downstream relief area, to which a chamfering disk can be connected. The chamfering disk is arranged downstream of the main disk with respect to the working direction, so that the workpiece is first formed by the interchangeable disk, then by the main disk and finally by the chamfering disk. The tool with a downstream chamfering disk has the disadvantage that it can only be used for workpieces whose usable profile length or tooth length approximately corresponds to the width of the main disk.

[0006] For chamfering and deburring the front tooth edges of gears, it is also known to assemble circular tools consisting of several roller disks that can be adjusted relative to one another. Reference can be made, for example, to EP 1 270 127 B1. However, the tool described therein is not operated in a feed mode; instead, after radial advance to the workpiece, the profile is rolled axially in a stationary manner. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The object of the invention is to provide a rolling machine, a system, and a method for rolling a longitudinal profile, in particular a spline on a workpiece, which, on the one hand, enables long service life due to reduced wear and, on the other hand, somewhat decouples the workpiece geometry from the process requirements. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a novel shaft- or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The object is achieved by a rolling machine, a system, and a method for rolling a longitudinal profile, in particular a spline on a workpiece, according to the features of the independent claims. Furthermore, the object is achieved by a shaft- or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece according to the features of the independent patent claim. Advantageous embodiments are characterized by the features of the subclaims. rolling machine

[0009] According to a first aspect of the invention, a rolling machine for rolling a longitudinal profile, in particular a spline, on a shaft-shaped or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece comprises at least one, preferably two, three or four similarly designed rolling tools and an electromechanical control device, in particular a CNC control, which is designed to enable a radial feed of the rolling tool to the workpiece and an axial feed movement of the workpiece relative to the rolling tool.

[0010] The abbreviation CNC stands for "Computerized Numerical Control." The CNC-controlled machine has the appropriate drive technology to execute the desired feed motion sequence upon command from the machine control system. There are CNC-controlled rolling machines that use flat tools or flat dies, as well as rolling machines for round tools or round dies. Depending on the design, the rolling tool or the workpiece is moved during the radial feed of the rolling tool to the workpiece. Typically, the rolling tool is moved here. During the axial feed movement, the workpiece and / or the rolling tool can move.

[0011] The rolling tool comprises at least one rolling disk having a profiled region, wherein the profiled region has at least one inlet region, a calibration region, and a relief region. The calibration region is located downstream of the inlet region and the relief region is located downstream of the calibration region, specifically downstream of the axial feed direction of the workpiece. The transitions between the individual tool regions are preferably rounded.

[0012] The components referred to as discs in the present disclosure can be components of a rolling beam as well as of a round rolling tool.

[0013] In the case of a round tool, the axial feed direction can, but does not necessarily, coincide with a main or rotational axis of the rolling disk. In the case of a rolling beam, the axial feed direction runs perpendicular to the movement of the rolling beam during the rolling process. In both embodiments, the device is configured to perform a push-through rolling process as described above.

[0014] The invention can be used for rolling both short and long workpieces, particularly for the production of splined shafts, gears, rotor shafts, and the like. The invention is particularly suitable for forming external gear teeth on gear wheels or gear shafts. Helical or spiral gear teeth and the like can also be produced with the tool according to the invention. Furthermore, the workpieces can be solid or hollow. Due to the relatively low pressure on the workpiece, the invention is particularly suitable for rolling hollow workpieces and / or long profiles.

[0015] Within a transverse plane, the profile of the rolling disk can be homogeneous, i.e., uniform. Alternatively, particularly in the case of a rolling beam design, an incremental profile shape can also be provided within the transverse plane. The transverse plane is a plane perpendicular to the axial feed direction. The profile of the rolling disk can be selected appropriately; for example, serrations or involute teeth can be created on the workpiece.

[0016] The rolling disk therefore includes an inlet area for rolling the workpiece. When the rolling tool is operating in the rolling machine, the inlet area comes into contact with the workpiece and is primarily subjected to stress by it, meaning that most of the forming work on the workpiece is performed by the inlet area.

[0017] The calibration area downstream of the inlet area is characterized by a consistent profile. The calibration area is characterized, for example, by a consistent profile height, in particular consistent tooth height and tooth shape, along the feed direction.

[0018] The relief zone downstream of the calibration zone is characterized by a profile change, preferably a profile depression. In the relief zone, a constant profile depth with the profile set back at an angle (profile depression) can preferably be provided. Alternatively, a reduction in the profile depth or a change in the profile shape can be provided, so that the workpiece gradually meshes less with the tool during feed.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the relief area is arranged after the calibration area with respect to the feed direction.

[0020] According to the invention, the inlet area is larger than the relief area.

[0021] A flatter and longer entry area compared to conventional push-through rolling tools is crucial for reducing wear on the rolling disk, as the feed force is distributed over a wider area. Therefore, the entry area is preferably larger than the calibration area.

[0022] It can be provided that the inlet area forms 50% or more, preferably 60% or more, even more preferably 70% or more, of the profile area.

[0023] The inlet area advantageously has a profile depression or a chamfer on the front side, preferably a profile depression.

[0024] For the purposes of the present disclosure, a chamfer is understood to mean that the profile in this area rises from the face toward the calibration point. In the case of a tooth profile, for example, the teeth become increasingly deeper until they approach the final tooth shape.

[0025] A profile depression is understood to mean that it has a uniform profile depth along the feed direction, but the uniform profile depth is machined at an angle with respect to the feed direction, so that the workpiece only meshes gradually with the workpiece during axial feed.

[0026] It is preferably provided that a chamfer angle characterizing the chamfer or a profile depression angle of the profile characterizing the profile depression is as small as possible in the inlet region, preferably < 30°, more preferably < 15°, particularly preferably < 10° and even more preferably < 5°.

[0027] The depth of the chamfer or profile depression in the entry area is selected so that there is no contact with the pre-rolled diameter of the workpiece at the edge of the chamfer. The length and angle of the entry chamfer can be designed independently of the workpiece geometry and can also be flexibly configured with regard to the calibration and exit lengths as well as the tool width. The feed force acting on the tool can be further distributed as the entry area length increases.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the relief area and the lead-in area are designed with opposing slope directions. The relief area can thus advantageously also be used to form a profile lead-in on the workpiece, for example, a threading chamfer, as described in more detail below. The usable profile length or tooth length on the workpiece is advantageously not limited by the width of the rolling disk. Proceedings

[0029] According to a further aspect of the invention, in a method for rolling a longitudinal profile, in particular a spline on a workpiece by means of a rolling machine, it is provided that firstly a plunge rolling process is carried out at one end of a workpiece area to be profiled with radial advancement of the rolling disk to the workpiece, then a push-through rolling process from one end of the workpiece area to be profiled to another end of the workpiece area to be profiled with axial advancement of the workpiece to the rolling tool or with axial advancement of the rolling tool to the workpiece, and finally a chamfering rolling process at the other end of the workpiece area to be profiled for producing a profile inlet, in particular a threading chamfer on the workpiece with further radial advancement of the rolling tool to the workpiece.

[0030] The process therefore provides three essential steps for rolling the finished workpiece profile, starting with the plunge rolling process at the end of the workpiece area to be profiled, followed by the push-through rolling process until the full profile length on the workpiece is reached and a final process step for rolling the profile inlet on the workpiece.

[0031] The method can be carried out, in particular, with the rolling machines described above. The features disclosed with reference to the rolling machine are accordingly also to be considered disclosed with reference to the method, and vice versa.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that during the plunge rolling process at least one inlet region and one calibration region, preferably also a relief region of the rolling disk mesh with the workpiece, wherein the calibration region forms at least part of a central section of the profile and the relief region forms a profile run-out of the workpiece.

[0033] During the plunge rolling process, the tool and workpiece are positioned relative to each other so that the transition from the calibration area to the relief area is at the end of the workpiece profile length to be rolled. The relief area is oriented towards the profile end of the workpiece. The tool run-out and the relief area are designed in such a way that a profile run-out geometry of the workpiece is reproduced in the area where the relief area engages the workpiece. The relief area is preferably designed as a chamfer, a radius, or a combination thereof, with the tool profile being created according to this contour. The run-out length on the tool side can be limited by a required profile length on the workpiece and, if necessary, by a corrugated shoulder at the profile end of the workpiece.

[0034] The plunge rolling process is carried out with a feed movement directed radially towards the workpiece until the full profile depth is reached.

[0035] According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that in the push-through rolling process, an axial feed rate is designed such that at least one calibration contact of each profile point on the workpiece formed by the inlet area occurs with the calibration area.

[0036] The purpose of the calibration area is to provide the final shape for the workpiece profile. The length of the calibration area is preferably process-adapted and designed depending on the axial feed rate to ensure a defined number of calibration contacts with the workpiece, but at least one contact. Furthermore, the length is limited to ensure that the rolling force remains below the limit that could lead to unwanted cross-sectional shape changes, particularly roundness deviations.

[0037] During the run-out, the tool is gently relieved of pressure from the workpiece by creating an increasing clearance between the tool and the workpiece by means of the relief area between the calibration profile that has fully penetrated the tool and the end of the run-out.

[0038] The push-through rolling process ends when the transition between the calibration area and the relief area has reached the workpiece profile start of the profile length to be rolled.

[0039] In the final process step for rolling the profile inlet (bevel rolling process), the relief area of ​​the rolling disk and the workpiece are positioned relative to each other so that the geometry intended within the tool outlet, for example, a profile lowered along a chamfer, is located on the workpiece along the profile inlet to be rolled. The rolling of the profile inlet takes place with a movement directed radially toward the workpiece.

[0040] During the chamfer rolling process, the relief area of ​​the rolling machine meshes with the workpiece and forms the workpiece's profile inlet. Thus, one and the same tool advantageously creates a profile inlet that facilitates assembly, e.g., a threading chamfer, for example, in gear profiles, and simultaneously a run-out radius at the profile end of the workpiece.

[0041] Advantageously, a complete profile length, in particular a complete toothing length of the spline of the workpiece, can be wider than a width of a rolling disk of the rolling tool forming the profile.

[0042] In particular, the method can also provide for the shaft- or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece to have a shaft shoulder adjacent to the profiled area, and for the plunge-rolling process to be carried out directly below the shaft shoulder. The shaft shoulder is characterized by a diameter that is larger than that of the profiled area.

[0043] For manufacturing reasons, a gap typically results between a fully formed workpiece profile and an adjacent shaft shoulder. To reduce this gap, assembled shafts have been used primarily in practice. With a deliberately short tool runout design, a comparatively short distance between the formed shaft section profile and an adjacent shaft shoulder is possible, ideally even without undercuts, thus enabling the use of one-piece shafts. The measures of the invention thus advantageously achieve a decoupling of the workpiece geometry from the process requirements.

[0044] In the context of the present disclosure, the method described above can also be referred to as a reverse push-through rolling process. This is made possible by pushing the tools from the profile exit toward the profile entry, i.e., opposite to the conventional push-through process. The penetration occurs, for example, below a shaft shoulder or a shaft collar on the workpiece. workpiece

[0045] According to yet another aspect of the invention, a shaft-shaped or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece with a shaft shoulder is disclosed and with a warping-free longitudinal profile, in particular a spline, next to the shaft shoulder.

[0046] The warpage-free longitudinal profile comprises a profile outlet adjacent to the shaft shoulder, a central section adjacent to the profile outlet, and a profile inlet adjacent to the central section and remote from the shaft shoulder. The profile inlet is provided with a threading chamfer, and the profile outlet is provided with a profile flattening.

[0047] The chamfer of the profile, e.g., the gear teeth on the workpiece, is called a threading chamfer. The threading chamfer serves, for example, to improve the mating capability, for example, with external splines of gear wheels or shafts that are inserted into a hub with opposing teeth.

[0048] According to the invention, it is provided that the profiled section and the adjacent shaft shoulder are made of one piece and the profile run-out is formed at a distance from the shaft shoulder of less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, further preferably between 0.5 mm and 1 mm, up to the shaft shoulder.

[0049] In the workpiece according to the invention, the threading chamfer and the profile flattening can be designed identically, at least in sections, for example, with the same angle relative to the central section or with a similar radius. Since the relief area is also used to form the profile run-out on the workpiece in the method according to the invention, the threading chamfer and the profile flattening on the workpiece are designed identically, at least in sections.

[0050] The rolled profile exit follows the contour of the relief area immediately adjacent to the calibration area of ​​the rolling tool until they are no longer in contact. In contrast, for rolling the profile entry, a specific contour area within the relief area can be selected to provide the shape.

[0051] This makes no difference with a chamfer-shaped relief area, but it does make a difference with a radius that transitions into a chamfer, so that the radius can serve as the profile run-out and the chamfer as the profile run-in.

[0052] In the context of this disclosure, "bulge-free" refers to a completely continuous region without any bulges. Without a push-through rolling process, bulge-free profiles cannot be produced, especially in the case of long, longitudinal hollow profiles and long corrugated profiles, since each new roll with axial displacement of the tool always results in displacement into a previously rolled area. To be free of bulges, the process must be carried out without any bulges and requires a push-through process within the meaning of the present invention.

[0053] The length of the warpage-free longitudinal profile is not limited by the dimensions of the profile area on the rolling disk(s) and can therefore be greater than 10 cm, greater than 20 cm, greater than 50 cm, or even greater than 1 m. The warpage-free longitudinal profile can therefore also be formed on workpieces where plunge rolling without axial displacement is not possible due to the rolling force that a typical machine can no longer apply or an impermissible cross-sectional change.

[0054] Preferably, the central section is calibrated and has a uniform profile cross-section along its length. This is achieved by designing the axial feed rate during the production of the shaft- or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece using the reverse push-through rolling process such that at least one calibration contact of each profile point on the workpiece formed by the inlet area occurs with the calibration area. system

[0055] According to yet another aspect of the invention, a system is disclosed comprising one of the previously described rolling machines for rolling a longitudinal profile and a shaft-shaped or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece, which can in particular be designed as previously described.

[0056] The design of the rolling disk areas depends on the process, workpiece, and tool. The length of the relief area is preferably selected so that a specified distance between the fully developed profile and any adjacent shaft shoulder is maintained. The length of the calibration area is preferably selected so that at least one calibration contact occurs during the axial feed used. The remaining available tool width, which can be changed by using other tool widths, defines the run-in length. The run-in and calibration areas are preferably designed to jointly exert a radial force during the plunge rolling process. This force must not exceed a critical force that either represents the load limit of the machine or leads to an impermissible change in the cross-section of the workpiece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the figures. They show: Fig. 1 a rolling arrangement with a workpiece arranged therein in a lateral schematic representation at a first time point of a backward push-through rolling process, Fig. 2 the rolling arrangement from Fig. 1 at a further point in time of the reverse push rolling process, Fig. 3 the rolling arrangement from Fig. 1 at a still further point in time of the reverse push rolling process, and Fig. 4 the rolling arrangement from Fig. 1 at a further stage of the reverse push rolling process. EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0058] The invention is illustrated and described below using a circular tool as an example. However, the invention is also applicable to rolling bars as a rolling tool.

[0059] The invention is also illustrated by way of example using a rolling arrangement with two rolling tools or two rolling disks 1. However, this is not limiting for the invention; for example, 1, 3, 4, or even more rolling tools can be provided, which act on the typically round workpiece 5 at different locations.

[0060] Fig. 1 shows a rolling arrangement 10 of a rolling machine with two rolling tools, in particular round rolling tools, arranged parallel and spaced apart from one another, in a lateral sectional view, which define a clear width between them for receiving a workpiece 5. Of the rolling tools, a rolling disk 1 is shown with a profile arranged thereon, of which a root circle and a tip circle can be seen.

[0061] The profile can be designed homogeneously or inhomogeneously across the circumference of the rolling tool. For example, incremental increases in the teeth over the circumference of the rolling tool are possible, as described in DE 10 2007 039 959 A1. However, it is also possible for the profile to be essentially uniform across the circumference, and for the tooth shape, height, and / or size of the teeth to change along the feed direction 8, as will be described in more detail with reference to the other figures. Otherwise, the teeth of the profile have a suitable shape; for example, they can be wedge-shaped, notched, or involute-shaped in section. Reference is made to the knowledge of the person skilled in the art.

[0062] During this process, the workpiece 5 is mounted in a workpiece holder (not shown). In the illustrated embodiment, the workpiece 5 has a shaft shoulder 9.

[0063] In Fig. 1The figure shows the positioning of the rolling disks 1 relative to the workpiece 5, so that the transition between a calibration area 3 and a relief area 4 is located at the end of a workpiece profile length to be rolled. The end of the relief area 4 can be positioned as close as desired below the shaft shoulder 9.

[0064] In Fig. 2A first radial infeed 11 of the rolling disks 1 toward the workpiece 5 is shown, which defines a plunge-rolling process. During the plunge-rolling process, the teeth of the rolling disks 1 repeatedly and abruptly penetrate the workpiece 5 to be profiled, so that deformation occurs under the influence of successive impacts. The feed is variably controlled by CNC-controlled infeed, and a successive infeed occurs up to the full profile depth. In plunge-rolling, as well as in push-through rolling, the forming process is a combination of rolling, which in turn is a combination of sliding, friction, and pressing. In push-through rolling, an additional directional component for pressing is added.

[0065] At the Fig. 2In the rolling arrangement 10 shown, one end of the workpiece area to be profiled has already been produced. Here, the calibration area 3 and the relief area 4 mesh with the workpiece 5. As can be seen on the right, there is an undercut 13 to the shaft shoulder 9, which is optional but not necessary. The relief area 4 is, in principle, quite freely configurable and can be defined so that the run-out profile 6 of the workpiece 5 is designed as desired.

[0066] Fig. 3 shows the rolling arrangement 10 at a later stage of the backward push rolling process.

[0067] Using a CNC control system, the workpiece 5 was pushed through the rolling tools in the axial feed direction 8, whereby the feed direction 8 coincides with the main axes of the rolling tools, by way of example but not restricting the invention. The feed is generated by a relative movement between the workpiece 5 and the rolling tools, e.g., by displacement of the workpiece 5 relative to stationary rolling tools, or by displacement of the rolling tools relative to the stationary workpiece 5. Furthermore, the feed can occur at a continuous or variable speed.

[0068] During reverse pass rolling, the feed rate is adjusted so that at least one calibration contact of each profile point on the workpiece occurs with the calibration area 3. This ensures that the central section is calibrated and has a uniform profile cross-section over its length.

[0069] After rolling the workpiece 5, it has a profiled section 12 with a profile.

[0070] In Fig. 4 The final chamfering rolling process is shown. At the other end of the workpiece area to be profiled, a further radial infeed 11 of the rolling tool is carried out towards the workpiece 5. The relief area 4 of the rolling machine meshes with the workpiece 5 at this point and forms the profile inlet 7. As a result, the profile inlet 7 with the threading chamfer can be designed, at least in sections, in a similar manner to the profile outlet 6 with the profile flattening. In particular, the threading chamfer and the profile flattening can have the same angle with respect to the central section of the profile or a similar radius.

[0071] In comparison to the state of the art, both the profile outlet 6 and the profile inlet 7 are designed with the same tool.

[0072] The Fig. 4 Depending on the design, the undercut 13 shown is smaller than 3 mm, smaller than 2 mm or between 0.5 and 1 mm or not present at all if the groove was made directly below the shaft shoulder 9 with the rolling disks 4.

[0073] The invention advantageously allows for a completely different dimensioning or division of the functional areas on the rolling tool. In particular, the threading chamfer on the right can, in principle, be freely designed. It can be linear, as shown. Alternatively, the threading chamfer can have a radius or steps, or even be designed in the form of a double chamfer.

Claims

1. A rolling machine for rolling a longitudinal profile, in particular a spline, on a shaft- or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece (5), comprising at least one, preferably two, three, or four similarly designed rolling tools and comprising an electromechanical control device, in particular a CNC control, which is configured to enable a radial feed of the rolling tool to the workpiece (5) and an axial feed movement of the workpiece (5) relative to the rolling tool, wherein the rolling tool comprises at least one rolling disk (1) having a profile region, wherein the profile region has at least one inlet region (2), a calibration region (3), and a relief region (4), wherein the calibration region (3) is arranged downstream of the inlet region (2) and the relief region (4) is arranged downstream of the calibration region (3), specifically downstream with respect to an axial feed direction of the workpiece (5),wherein the calibration area (3) is characterized by a constant profile and the relief area (4) by a profile change, preferably by a profile lowering, is marked, characterized in that the inlet area (2) is larger than the relief area (4).

2. Rolling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet area (2) is larger than the calibration area (3).

3. Rolling machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first chamfer angle or a profile depression angle in the inlet region (2) is < 30°, preferably < 15°, particularly preferably < 10° and even more preferably < 5°.

4. Rolling machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relief area (4) and the inlet area (2) are designed with opposite rising directions.

5. Method for rolling a longitudinal profile, in particular a spline on a shaft-shaped or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece (5), by means of a rolling machine, in particular by means of a rolling machine according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in thatfirst, a plunge rolling process is carried out at one end of a workpiece area to be profiled with radial infeed (11) of the rolling disk (4) to the workpiece (5), then a push-through rolling process from one end of the workpiece area to be profiled to another end of the workpiece area to be profiled with axial infeed of the workpiece (5) to the rolling tool or with axial infeed (8) of the rolling tool to the workpiece, and finally, a chamfering rolling process is carried out at the other end of the workpiece area to be profiled to produce a profile inlet (7), in particular a threading chamfer on the workpiece (5), with further radial infeed (11) of the rolling tool to the workpiece (5).

6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in thatDuring the plunge rolling process, at least the inlet region (2) and a calibration region (3), preferably also a relief region (4) of the rolling machine mesh with the workpiece (5), wherein the calibration region (3) forms at least part of a central section of the profile and optionally the relief region (4) forms a profile outlet (6) of the workpiece (5).

7. Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that in the push-through rolling process, an axial feed rate is designed such that at least one calibration contact of each profile point on the workpiece (5) formed by the inlet area (2) occurs with the calibration area (3).

8. Method according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that During the chamfering rolling process, the relief area (4) of the rolling machine meshes with the workpiece (5) and forms the profile inlet (7) of the workpiece (5).

9. Method according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in thata complete profile length, in particular a complete toothing length of the spline of the workpiece (5) is wider than a width of a rolling disk (1) of the rolling tool forming the profile.

10. Method according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the shaft- or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece (5) has a shaft shoulder (9) and that the plunge-rolling process is carried out directly below the shaft shoulder (9).

11. Shaft- or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece (5) with a shaft shoulder (9) and with a warping-free longitudinal profile, in particular a spline, on a profiled section (12) next to the shaft shoulder (9), wherein the warping-free longitudinal profile comprises a profile run-out (6) adjacent to the shaft shoulder (9), a central section adjoining the profile run-out (6) and a profile run-in (7) adjoining the central section and remote from the shaft shoulder (9), wherein the profile run-in (7) is provided with a threading chamfer and the profile run-out (6) is provided with a profile flattening, and wherein the profiled section (12) and the adjacent shaft shoulder (9) are manufactured from one piece and the profile run-out (6) extends to the shaft shoulder at a distance from the shaft shoulder (9) of less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, further preferably between 0.5 mm and 1 mm (9) is pronounced.

12. Shaft-shaped or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece (5) according to claim 11, characterized in that the threading chamfer and the profile flattening are of the same design at least in sections, for example with the same angle in relation to the central section or with a similar radius.

13. Shaft or hollow shaft-shaped workpiece (5) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the central section is calibrated and has a profile cross-section that is the same over its length.

14. Shaft-shaped or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece (5) according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the profiled section (12) is longer than 10 cm, preferably longer than 20 cm.

15. System comprising a rolling machine for rolling a longitudinal profile according to one of claims 1 to 4, and a shaft-shaped or hollow-shaft-shaped workpiece (5), in particular according to one of claims 11 to 14.

16. System according to claim 15, characterized in thatthe length of the relief area (4) is selected so that a predetermined distance of the fully developed profile to an adjacent shaft shoulder (9) is maintained.

17. System according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that the inlet and calibration area (2, 3) are designed to jointly exert a radial force during the plunge rolling process, which does not exceed a critical force that either represents the load limit of the machine or leads to an inadmissible change in the cross-section of the workpiece (5).

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