Device and method for grinding

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for grinding solids, comprising a container which is driven to reciprocate along a trajectory generated by superimposing movement along at least two axes which are at an angle to each other to reciprocate at different frequencies and / or different speeds along each of the axes, with at least one grinding media loosely contained within the container.

Description

[0001] Apparatus and method for grinding

[0002] The present invention relates to a device and a method for comminuting, also referred to as grinding, solids. The device is preferably connected to a feed line for the solids to be comminuted and an outlet in order to carry out the process continuously.

[0003] The device has the advantage of being able to grind solids of varying sizes or a broad size distribution. In one embodiment, the device has the advantage of not having any bearings for the relatively movable elements that come into contact with solids or material being ground.

[0004] US 2,433,872 A describes a ball mill with an annular interior that is tilted circumferentially around an inclined vertical axis but is not intended to rotate. US 2,982,485 A describes a ball mill with a cylindrical container whose longitudinal axis is arranged vertically and which is moved in a circular path in a horizontal plane by means of an eccentric drive. The object of the invention is to provide an alternative device and a method that can be carried out therewith, which are particularly designed to adjust the grinding intensity.

[0005] The invention solves this problem with the features of the claims and, in particular, by means of a device comprising a container for receiving solids to be comminuted, which container is driven along a trajectory curve which can be generated by superimposing the movement along at least two axes that are at an angle to one another, to form a reciprocating movement at different frequencies and / or different speeds along each of the axes, with at least one, optionally exactly one, grinding body loosely contained in the container. The container is driven to move back and forth along at least one trajectory curve which can be generated by superimposing the reciprocating movement along at least two axes that are at an angle to one another, with preferably two of the axes lying in the plane of the cross-section of the container, with the reciprocating movement along each axis occurring at different frequencies and / or with a phase offset.The trajectory curve can be generated by superimposing the reciprocating motion along two or three axes at different frequencies and / or with a phase shift, and comprises a sequence of trajectory segments, of which at least one, preferably each, comprises or consists of exactly one complete reciprocating motion along the axis along which the reciprocating motion occurs at the lower frequency, wherein the superimposed reciprocating motions at the higher frequency or the same frequency, each optionally with a phase shift, are included along the other axis or axes. The lower frequency of the complete reciprocating motion forms the frequency of the sequence of trajectory segments.For each path segment, a frequency ratio of the back and forth movement along two axes of a maximum of 1:20 or a maximum of 1:15 or a maximum of 1:10, a maximum of 1:4 or a maximum of 1:3 is preferred, more preferably between 1:1 and 1:2, even more preferably greater than 1:1 and up to 1:2 or up to 1:1.5, e.g. with a frequency ratio of 1:1.001 to 1:2 or up to 1:1.5. In the case of a trajectory curve that can be generated by superimposing the back and forth movement along two axes at different frequencies and / or with a phase shift, the axes preferably lie in the plane of the cross-section of the container. In the case of a trajectory curve that is formed by superimposing the back and forth movement along three axes, two of the axes preferably lie in the cross-sectional plane of the container and the third axis is at an angle to this cross-sectional plane.The lowest frequency of the complete back and forth movement along one of the three axes forms the frequency of the sequence of path segments.

[0006] In general, the linear motion axes are preferably at right angles to each other. The at least one loose grinding element contained in the container can also be a rolling element that rolls along the wall of the container during the reciprocating movement along the at least one trajectory curve.

[0007] Generally, the device is configured to drive the container along a trajectory formed by the superimposition of the reciprocating motion of at least two superimposed linear axes arranged at an angle to one another, wherein the reciprocating motion along the linear axes occurs at different frequencies and / or with a phase offset. The linear axes, along which the superimposed reciprocating motions occur at different frequencies and / or with a phase offset, form the trajectory along which the reciprocating motion of the container occurs, for which the device is configured.

[0008] By moving the container along the trajectory curve, the device is designed to accelerate the grinding body and solids to be comminuted relative to the container, so that solids contained in the container are comminuted by the acceleration against the container wall and by the movement of the grinding body along or against the container wall.

[0009] Since the trajectory can be adjusted or predetermined by the different frequencies and / or the phase offset of the superimposed movements along the linear axes, the device is designed for the reciprocating movement of the container along the trajectory and for the relative movement of the grinding body with respect to the container.

[0010] The trajectory, which can be set or predetermined by the different frequencies and / or the phase offset of the superimposed movements along at least two linear axes, accelerates the at least one grinding body, which is freely movable within the container, relative to the container. The reciprocating movement of the container drives the grinding body to move against the inner wall of the container. Generally speaking, the container is preferably not rotationally driven and more preferably not or not fully rotatable, e.g., guided so as to be rotatable by a maximum of 30° or by a maximum of 20° or 10° around its central axis. Generally speaking, the container is preferably driven exclusively for a reciprocating movement along a trajectory.

[0011] The trajectory allows the angle of incidence and reflection of the grinding body against the container wall to be determined. Furthermore, the device is optionally configured to move the container along the trajectory at an adjustable or predetermined acceleration and speed. Because the device is configured for an adjustable or predetermined trajectory and / or an adjustable or predetermined acceleration and / or an adjustable or predetermined speed along the trajectory of the reciprocating movement of the container, the grinding body is driven relative to the container at an adjustable or predetermined acceleration and / or speed, allowing a predetermined or continuous adaptation of the process to the solid to be comminuted.

[0012] In general, a trajectory can be formed by at least two superimposed individual oscillations. Preferably, a trajectory resembles the trajectory generated by superimposing reciprocating movements along at least two linear axes of motion, each at different frequencies and / or by a phase shift. A reciprocating movement along a trajectory that resembles a reciprocating movement along two superimposed linear axes of motion exhibits different frequencies and / or a phase shift. Therefore, a trajectory is generally not a circular path.

[0013] The difference in frequencies can be, for example, at least 0.01 Hz and / or 0.01% to 900%. The phase offset of the back and forth movements along the linear axes can be, for example, from 0.01° to 180°, preferably 1 to 179° of 360°, which corresponds to a complete back and forth movement. 0.01 to 180° of a complete back and forth movement of 360° is equal to 0.0028% to 50% of a complete back and forth movement, and 1 to 179° of 360° is equal to 0.28% to 49.7% of a complete back and forth movement. The linear movement axes are, for example, perpendicular or at another angle, e.g. 5° to 85° to one another, in particular in the plane of the cross-section of the container and / or perpendicular to a central axis of the container. Optionally, the trajectory contains at least one straight section, the end of which is, for example, a vertex of the trajectory at which the at least one grinding body and the solid to be comminuted are separated from the container wall or the container wall.accelerated against the container wall.

[0014] To set different frequencies and / or a phase shift of the superimposed reciprocating movements along at least two linear axes of motion, these reciprocating movements can be coupled to one another by a gear or a guide rail and driven by a motor. A motor-driven gear that adjusts the reciprocating movement along the trajectory curve can have a fixed gear ratio between the superimposed movements along each axis or an adjustable gear ratio, e.g., a continuously or stepwise shiftable gear. Optionally, the gear can be subject to slip, e.g., a belt drive or a friction gear.

[0015] The output speed of the gear that drives the reciprocating movement of the container is preferably at least 1 Hz, more preferably at least 5 Hz, e.g. up to 50 Hz, up to 40 Hz, up to 30 Hz, up to 20 Hz or up to 10 Hz. The output speed of the gear is equal to the frequency of the reciprocating movement.

[0016] Alternatively, the reciprocating motion along each of the linear motion axes can be driven by a separate motor, with the lower output speed being the frequency of the reciprocating motion and constituting the frequency of the sequence of path segments. In either embodiment, the speed of each drive motor can be controlled, fixed, or variable over the duration of the process.

[0017] The device allows the trajectory to accelerate the at least one grinding body in a defined direction towards a specific location on the inner wall of the container. The geometry of the container in conjunction with the trajectory can support the grinding process so that the trajectory can be adjusted cross-sectionally depending on the shape and size of the container. Optionally, the device is designed to change the trajectory of the reciprocating movement and / or the acceleration and / or speed of the reciprocating movement during the process, e.g. in a first phase the reciprocating movement can be set along a first trajectory and with a first acceleration and speed and in a subsequent second phase the reciprocating movement can be set along a changed trajectory and / or changed acceleration and / or speed.

[0018] Another option is for the reciprocating movement to be a linear reciprocating movement in a first phase and a reciprocating movement along merging trajectories in a second phase. The trajectory can be determined, for example, by a gear that drives the movement of the container.

[0019] By adjusting the trajectory and acceleration of the reciprocating movement of the container, the device allows a predetermined or dynamically variable and directed acceleration of the grinding media relative to the container. Solids present between the container wall and the grinding media are loaded and crushed between the grinding media and the container wall, or, in the case of multiple grinding media, between them.

[0020] In an embodiment in which the container can be driven in a controlled manner to a linear reciprocating movement in a first phase, the device is designed to move particles and grinding media vertically against the container wall with a controllable acceleration maximum that is significantly greater than the acceleration due to gravity and therefore essentially independent of the acceleration due to gravity, e.g. with an acceleration maximum of at least 15 m / s 2 , preferably 25 m / s 2 , preferably at least 50 m / s 2 or at least 100 m / s 2 or at least 200 m / s 2 or at least 350 m / s 2 e.g. up to 500 m / s 2 .

[0021] In general, the device can be designed to accelerate the container with a maximum acceleration of at least 20 m / s 2 or at least 200 m / s 2 , e.g. at least 300 m / s 2 , preferably up to 1000 m / s 2to accelerate along the trajectory curve, e.g. at a vertex of the trajectory curve.

[0022] The container is preferably designed for a back and forth movement with a

[0023] Maximum acceleration of at least 0.5 m / s 2 or at least 1 m / s 2 or at least 2 m / s 2 at least 3.5 m / s 2 , preferably at least 60 m / s 2 , preferably at least 100 m / s 2 , at least 150 m / s 2 , at least 160 m / s 2 , at least 200 m / s 2 , e.g. up to 300 m / s each 2 or 450 m / s 2 , up to 260 m / s 2 or up to 250 m / s 2Driven along each of two axes. Generally, the container is preferably driven along one of the axes, preferably along each axis, in combination with the acceleration maximum, to an average speed of at least 0.5 m / s, preferably at least 2 m / s, more preferably at least 3.5 m / s, e.g., up to 10 m / s or up to 20 m / s or up to 6 m / s, e.g., 3 to 4 m / s. The path of movement along at least one axis, preferably along each axis, is, e.g., 0.1 cm to 24 cm.

[0024] The container can, for example, be driven to move back and forth over a distance of at least 1 mm or at least 2.5 mm, at least 1 cm, more preferably at least 2 cm or at least 5 cm, at least 10 cm or at least 15 cm, e.g. up to 100 cm, up to 50 cm, up to 30 cm or up to 20 cm, along each axis. More preferably, the moving back and forth movement of the container is harmonic. The moving back and forth movement of the container can be linear in a first phase; in general, the trajectory is non-linear and can, for example, be sinusoidal, triangular or arcuate, optionally along a so-called Lissajous figure or hypocycloid, which is preferably in the plane or two-dimensional, optionally three-dimensional.Preferably, the reciprocating movement is linear in a first phase and, in a second phase, is formed into a trajectory along at least two merging, non-linear path segments, each containing at least one vertex. Generally, a non-linear trajectory, e.g., a movement along a trajectory whose path segments each have at least one vertex, promotes an impact of the grinding media and the solids to be ground, e.g., perpendicularly, against the container wall, as well as a uniform and intensive rolling of the grinding media along the container wall, at least in sections, whereby the grinding media and the solids to be ground are moved along the container wall.

[0025] The reciprocating movement preferably comprises the reciprocating movement along a trajectory comprising at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four trajectory segments, each having at least one vertex. Each of the movement axes along which the movements overlap to form a trajectory can generally be linear or arcuate, so that the non-linear movement of the container along a sequence of trajectory segments is generated from the superposition of the movements along two movement axes. The vertices and intermediate sections of a trajectory segment are determined by the frequency difference and / or the phase position of the superimposed reciprocating movements along at least two axes. In general, the device can be configured to change the frequency difference and / or the phase position during the reciprocating movement.

[0026] Generally, the container wall is preferably the circumferentially closed wall of the container, which extends around a central axis and between opposing end cross-sections or lids attached thereto. The container has an optionally circular cross-section that extends around a central axis and is spanned by the container wall. Generally, the end cross-sectional areas of the container are each covered by a lid, of which at least one optionally has a through-opening.

[0027] In general, it is preferred that at least one path segment has a vertex at which the direction of the path segment changes by at least 90°, more preferably by at least 120°, even more preferably by at least 180° or at least 210°, e.g., within a maximum of 24.5%, a maximum of 24%, a maximum of 23%, a maximum of 22%, a maximum of 21%, a maximum of 20%, a maximum of 15%, or a maximum of 10%, more preferably a maximum of 5%, a maximum of 3%, a maximum of 2%, or a maximum of 1% of the length of a path segment. This is because a vertex of the path segment leads to a strong relative acceleration of the grinding body against the container.

[0028] The container contains at least one, optionally exactly one, grinding element, or at least two grinding elements. The at least one grinding element is arranged freely movable within the container.

[0029] The device and method can be used for vibratory grinding.

[0030] The grinding body can have a cross-section which, when arranged with its cross-section parallel to the cross-section of the container, is circular, oval or at least triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, preferably at least octagonal or at least 12-sided, optionally with grooves and / or protruding webs arranged perpendicular to the cross-section of the grinding body in order to allow the grinding body to roll along the container wall when moving along the two axes of movement. Optionally, the container can have an inner cross-section which corresponds to the cross-section of the at least one grinding body and which surrounds the grinding body at a distance. In this case, the grinding body can be moved against opposite surfaces of the container and parallel to the surfaces of the container, in particular driven by the movement of the container along a trajectory curve.the grinding body can have a triangular cross-section and the container an at least triangular internal cross-section, or the grinding body can have a quadrangular cross-section and the container an at least quadrangular internal cross-section, or the grinding body can have a pentagonal cross-section and the container an at least pentagonal internal cross-section, or the grinding body can have a hexagonal cross-section and the container an at least hexagonal internal cross-section. In general, preferably in the case of a container which has at least a triangular cross-section or a polygonal cross-section, the movement can take place along a sequence of path segments, each of which has at least one vertex, preferably each path segment with a number of vertices equal to the number of corners of the cross-section of the container.

[0031] Alternatively or additionally, the number of vertices of each path segment may be equal to the number of corners of the container's cross-section. The vertices may, for example, encompass an angle that is at least twice as large, preferably at least three times as large, as the angle encompassed by one of the adjacent path curves.

[0032] Optionally, the grinding body can have a cross-section that is continuously offset along its central axis, so that the cross-section is, for example, spirally twisted around the central axis. It is preferred that the inner cross-section of the container, at a distance from the grinding body, has the same cross-sectional shape, which is continuously offset along the central axis of the container, so that the inner cross-section is, for example, spirally twisted around the central axis. In this embodiment, the movement of the grinding body in the container can generate a conveying effect in the direction of the central axis of the container and grinding body and / or press the grinding body against a lid that covers a cross-sectional opening in the container.

[0033] In particular, in the case of a grinding body having a cross-section with at least three corners, which is arranged in a container with an internal cross-section corresponding to the cross-section of the at least one grinding body and which encloses the grinding body at a distance, the grinding body can be hollow and have at least one through-opening connecting its inner cavity to its outer surface. A grinding body having a through-opening to its inner cavity allows fine particles to enter this cavity and optionally allows particles to be removed from the cavity of the grinding body, e.g. by means of an opening in a lid that covers the cross-section of the container, wherein more preferably the grinding body has a cross-section that is continuously offset along its central axis.The opening in the lid is preferably located centrally so that it is covered by the inner cavity of the grinding body when the grinding body moves along the lid while resting against the lid.

[0034] In general, preferably in the case of a container which has at least a triangular cross-section or a polygonal cross-section, the movement can take place along a sequence of path segments, each having at least one vertex, preferably each path segment having a number of vertices equal to the number of corners of the cross-section of the container. Alternatively or additionally, the number of path segments can be equal to the number of corners of the cross-section of the container and / or equal to the number of vertices of each path segment. The vertices can, for example, comprise an angle which is at least twice as large, preferably at least three times as large, as the angle comprised by one of the adjacent path curves.

[0035] The grinding media can also serve as vibratory grinding media, e.g. nutshells, and the process can be used for vibratory grinding.

[0036] Alternatively, the grinding body can have a cross-section which has a wide surface which is at least a factor of 1.5, preferably at least 2, more preferably at least 2.5 or at least 3 wider than the thickness of the grinding body perpendicular to the wide surface. The grinding body is arranged, for example, with its wide surface adjacent to the container wall, so that its thickness perpendicular to the wide surface extends from the container wall into the clear cross-section of the container, e.g. along its radial line. Such a grinding body has a cross-section which, when the container moves along the two axes of movement, leads to sliding along the container wall. The side surfaces of the grinding body adjacent to the wide surface can have a square, triangular or oval cross-section which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal extent.The wide surface and the side surfaces of the grinding body can extend along its longitudinal extent. For the purposes of the invention, a body of this shape, which slides along the container wall and forms a friction body, is also referred to as a grinding body.

[0037] The wide surface can be convex, e.g., with a radius equal to or smaller than the radius of the container wall. Alternatively, the wide surface can be flat. Generally, the wide surface preferably has a chamfer along at least one longitudinal edge, more preferably along both longitudinal edges adjacent to a side surface. A chamfer along at least one or both of the longitudinal edges of the wide surface of the grinding body has the effect of making it easier for particles to pass between the container wall and the grinding body moving along it.

[0038] Generally, the cross-section of the grinding body is preferably constant in shape and dimensions along its longitudinal extent.

[0039] Generally, the grinding body preferably has a longitudinal extension perpendicular to its cross-section that is greater than the diameter of its cross-section by a factor of at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.5, and more preferably at least 2. The grinding body can have a longitudinal extension that encompasses at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, or at least 95% of the height of the container perpendicular to the cross-section of the container.

[0040] Preferably, the grinding body has a lower density than the solids to be ground, or the grinding body is selected to have a lower density than the solids to be ground. Preferably, the device is generally configured to drive the container to and fro with a high maximum acceleration, e.g., to a maximum acceleration of at least 50 m / s. 2 , preferably at least 100 m / s 2 or at least 200 m / s 2 , e.g. up to 1000 m / s 2This embodiment is preferred for a method for comminuting solids contained in a liquid.

[0041] In one embodiment, the container wall can be cylindrical, preferably in combination with a grinding body that has a constant cross-section along its longitudinal extent. In another embodiment, the container wall can be curved along the central axis of the container or between its end cross-sections, wherein the container wall preferably defines an interior space that is concave to the central axis of the container and / or symmetrical along the central axis of the container.

[0042] Optionally, the wall of the container, which extends along its central axis and spans the opposite end cross-sectional openings, has perforations and this wall is surrounded at a distance from an outer wall. In this embodiment, the container has a double wall, of which the inner wall has perforations for the passage of particles and serves as a sieve, while the outer wall surrounding it collects particles. The perforations can be cylindrical or conical; further optionally, the perforations can be arranged radially to the central axis of the wall or extend at an angle of, for example, 10 to 45° to radials emanating from the longitudinal axis of the cross-section spanned by the wall, or to radials of the central axis.The through-holes can be round holes or elongated holes that extend parallel or perpendicular to the cross-section of the interior, or that extend at an angle of >0° to <90° to the cross-section of the interior. Optionally, the through-holes have a constant cross-section or a cross-section that widens with increasing distance from the longitudinal axis. Optionally, the through-holes have a chamfer, preferably arc-shaped, to avoid sharp edges adjacent to the cross-section. Alternatively, the through-holes have no chamfer and border the inner wall at an edge, e.g. at 90° or with an undercut in the case of widening through-holes. In a simple embodiment, the inner wall can be a grid whose webs form the through-holes between them.Preferably, the gap formed by the spacing of the outer wall from the inner wall is provided at one or both terminal open cross sections or at the outer wall with a connected line which can be subjected to negative or positive pressure, for example.

[0043] The container can have a drive for the reciprocating movement along two or three axes of movement, which is set up by means of a controller to carry out the reciprocating movement essentially or exclusively linearly in a first phase, e.g. along exactly one of the axes of movement, and in a subsequent second phase, which preferably immediately follows the first phase, to carry out the reciprocating movement along merging path segments, which are optionally Lissajous curves or hypocycloids. In the first phase, the particles to be comminuted and the at least one grinding body are accelerated linearly and caused to impact against a section of the container wall in order to achieve coarse comminution, which can also be referred to as impact on the particles. In the second phase, the particles and the at least one grinding body are moved along the container wall in order to achieve finer comminution.Depending on the shape of the grinding body and the magnitude of the acceleration maximum and the amplitude of the reciprocating movement, particles are subjected to a friction and / or pressing effect in the second phase. When the reciprocating movement of the container is controlled along merging trajectories and / or in at least a first phase and a subsequent second phase, the at least one grinding body can have a spherical shape. The first phase of the reciprocating movement can, for example, account for 10 to 50%, preferably up to 30 or up to 20% of the total duration of the reciprocating movements, and the second phase can account for the remaining portion (100%).

[0044] The control of the drive of the container is optionally controlled depending on the signal from a sensor, preferably an acoustic sensor, which records vibrations, in particular noises of the container during the back and forth movement, in particular during the first and / or during the second phase. The acoustic sensor can, for example, be attached to the outer surface of the container or fixed at a distance from the container in a position past which the back and forth movement of the container passes. Preferably, the acoustic sensor is fixed at a short distance, e.g. 0.5 to 5 cm, from the apex of the back and forth movement, e.g. fixed to a frame relative to which the container is moved along the trajectory. The acoustic sensor can be a vibration sensor, e.g. a microphone.In this embodiment, the control of the reciprocating movement can be set up to allow the reciprocating movement to run at a changed speed and / or with a changed phase offset and / or to control from a linear movement to a trajectory curve, in particular to control from a first phase to a second phase of the reciprocating movement, when the signal emitted by the acoustic sensor changes by a predetermined deviation within a predetermined time of the reciprocating movement, and / or when a predetermined signal emitted by the acoustic sensor is reached.

[0045] The sensor can also be an optical sensor attached to the container, e.g. a turbidity sensor. Optionally, a device for generating electrical voltage is attached to the container, in particular a device with a magnet and a coil arranged so as to be movable relative to the magnet, which are configured to generate electrical voltage when moved relative to one another. This device is preferably connected by means of an electrical line to a transmitter attached to the container in order to supply the transmitter with electrical voltage. The transmitter is preferably connected by means of a data line to at least one of the sensors in order to receive sensor signals. The transmitter is configured, for example, to transmit received sensor signals. Furthermore, the sensor can be connected to the device for generating electrical voltage by means of an electrical line.In this embodiment, the device is configured so that a sensor and a transmitter attached to the container can be energized by the device for generating electrical voltage as soon as the container is moved along the trajectory curve. Accordingly, the device can be designed without an electrical cable extending between a frame, relative to which the container is moved, and the container.

[0046] The process can be used, for example, to produce powdered chemicals, e.g. carbon black or mineral color pigments, even from coarse minerals, or to produce powdered sugar.

[0047] The particles to be crushed can be contained with a liquid phase in an emulsion or suspension, e.g. in the production of fine emulsions or conching in chocolate production using the process.

[0048] The device can be integrated into a pipe or hose line, each of which is permanently or reversibly detachably connected to an inlet opening and an outlet opening of the container in order to carry out the process continuously or in batches.

[0049] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to figures which are shown schematically in

[0050] - Fig. 1 a cylindrical embodiment of the container,

[0051] Fig. 2 an embodiment of the container with a concave interior,

[0052] - Fig. Its design of the container with pentagonal internal cross-section and grinding bodies of the same cross-sectional shape contained therein at a distance,

[0053] - Fig. 4 an embodiment of the container with a pentagonal inner cross-section and spherical grinding bodies contained therein, - Fig. 5 an embodiment of the container with a double wall,

[0054] - Fig. 6 an embodiment of the container with hexagonal inner cross-section and with a spaced grinding body of the same cross-sectional shape, which is hollow, and in

[0055] - Fig. 7A in perspective view and Fig. 7B in plan view of the cross section of a container show an embodiment of the container with a square inner cross section which is continuously offset along its central axis and a grinding body of the same cross-sectional shape contained therein at a distance.

[0056] Fig. 1 shows a cylindrical container 1 containing several freely movable balls as grinding media 20. The end cross sections of the container 1 are each covered by a lid 2, 2A, at least one of which may have a through-opening 3, e.g., for supplying particles to be ground and / or removing ground particles.

[0057] The axes 4, 5, along which the movements of the container 1 are superimposed to form a sequence of path segments forming a trajectory curve and the container 1 is driven to move back and forth, are preferably arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis 6 of the container 1.

[0058] A sensor 30, attached to the container 1, is connected via an electrical line 31 to a voltage generating device 32, which is attached to the container 1 and has a magnet movable relative to a coil. A transmitter 33 is connected to the sensor 30 via a data line 34 and to the voltage generating device 32 via an electrical line 35.

[0059] Fig. 2 shows a container 1 whose interior is concave to its longitudinal center axis 6. The grinding body 20 shown as an example has a convex outer surface 21 which, when the container 1 moves back and forth along the movement axes 4, 5 in a plane that is perpendicular to its longitudinal center axis 6, allows the back and forth movement in curved paths that cause the convex outer surface 21 to move along the concave wall of the container 1. Fig. 3 shows a container 1 with a pentagonal cross-section as an example of a container 1 with at least a triangular cross-section. Contained in the container 1 at a distance from the container 1 is a grinding body 20 which has the same cross-section as the container 1 but with smaller dimensions by a distance from the container 1, over which distance the grinding body 20 moves within the container 1 as the container 1 moves back and forth.

[0060] Fig. 4 shows a container 1 with a pentagonal cross-section in which spherical grinding bodies 20 are contained.

[0061] Fig. 5 shows a container 1 whose wall 7 has openings 8 that are smaller than the grinding media 20 contained therein. The wall 7 is surrounded at a distance from an outer wall 9 that covers the openings 8. The wall 7, which forms an inner wall, forms a double wall with the outer wall 9. The inner cross section of the container 1, which is spanned by the wall 7, is preferably covered at each end by a cover 2. The gap 10, which is formed by the spacing of the outer wall 9 from the inner wall 7 between them, is preferably covered at its end cross sections by a cover 12, which is shown in section, and / or a line 13 connected to the cover 12.

[0062] Fig. 6 shows, as an example of a grinding body 20 with at least a triangular cross-section, a grinding body 20 with a star-shaped cross-section and six jets. This grinding body is contained at a distance in a container 1, which has the same cross-sectional shape as the grinding body 20 but larger. The grinding body 20 with at least a triangular cross-section is hollow and has an inner cavity 22, which is connected to its outer surface 21 by means of a through-opening 23. The through-opening 23 therefore also connects the space formed between the grinding body 20 and the container 1, in which particles are loaded and comminuted between the grinding body 20 and the container 1.

[0063] 7A and 7B show, using the example of a star-shaped grinding body 20, a grinding body 20 with at least a triangular cross-section which is continuously offset along its central axis, so that the cross-section is, for example, twisted spirally around the central axis. As is preferred, the inner cross-section of the container 1, at a distance from the grinding body, has the same cross-sectional shape, which is continuously offset along the central axis 6 of the container, so that the inner cross-section is twisted spirally around the central axis 6. In this embodiment, the movement of the grinding body 20 in the container can generate a conveying effect in the direction of the central axis of the container and grinding body and / or press the grinding body 20 against a lid 2 which covers a cross-sectional opening in the container 1.

[0064] Reference numbers:

[0065] 1 container 20 grinding media

[0066] 2, 2A Cover 21 Outer surface of the grinding body

[0067] 3 Through opening 22 Cavity of the grinding body

[0068] 4, 5 Axis 23 Through opening

[0069] 6 Longitudinal center axis 30 Sensor

[0070] 7 inner wall 31 electrical cable

[0071] 8 Breakthrough 32 Device for generating electrical

[0072] 9 outer wall tension

[0073] 10 gap 33 transmitters

[0074] 12 Cover 34 Data cable

[0075] 13 line 35 electrical line

[0076] 2 container wall

Claims

Claims: Device for producing comminutionary particles from a solid, comprising a container (1) configured to drive the container (1) to a reciprocating motion along a trajectory, comprising at least one grinding element (20) loosely contained in the container (1), wherein the trajectory comprises a sequence of trajectory segments that can be generated by superimposing the reciprocating motion along at least two axes with different frequencies and / or with phase shift, and each of which comprises exactly one complete reciprocating motion along the axis along which the reciprocating motion with the lower frequency takes place, and each of which has at least one vertex in which the direction changes by at least 90° within a maximum of 24.5% of the length of a trajectory segment.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the path segments have at least one vertex at which they change their direction by at least 120° within a maximum of 10% of the length of a path segment. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is configured to change the frequencies and / or the phase shift during the reciprocating motion. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the difference in frequencies is at least 0.01 Hz and 0.01% to 900% and / or the phase shift is 0.0028% to 50% of the length of a path segment. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the path has at least one path segment comprising a straight section. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the path lies in the plane of the cross-section of the container (1). A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one grinding element (20) is selected to have a lower density than the liquid in which the solid is suspended. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reciprocating movement along the path is driven by a transmission, which is at least a belt drive and / or a friction wheel transmission driven by exactly one motor. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one path is predetermined and the device is configured to change the frequency of the reciprocating movement in a controlled manner depending on the particle size.A device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a sensor (30) connected to a controller configured to control the frequency of the reciprocating motion and / or the maximum acceleration during the reciprocating motion depending on the signal from the sensor (30). A device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a device (32) attached to the container (1) comprising a magnet and a coil movably arranged relative to the magnet, which are configured to generate an electrical voltage when moving relative to each other and are connected by means of an electrical conductor (31) to a transmitter (30) attached to the container (1).A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (30) is an acoustic sensor which is attached to the container (1) or is fixed at a distance from a vertex of a path segment on a frame on which the container (1) is guided to move back and forth. A device according to any one of claims 11 to 12, characterized in that the sensor (30) is attached to the container (1) and is connected to the transmitter (33) for transmitting sensor signals. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container (1) is subjected to a back-and-forth movement at least along one of the linear axes of movement (4, 5) with an acceleration maximum of at least 0.5 m / s² 2is driven. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container wall (7) is concave with respect to the central axis (6) of the container (1). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container (1) has an inner cross-section which corresponds to the shape of the cross-section of the at least one grinding element (20) and which surrounds the grinding element (20) at a distance. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the grinding element (20) has at least a triangular cross-section and the path segments each have a number of vertices which is equal to the number of corners of the cross-section of the grinding element (20) and of the inner cross-section of the container (1).A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grinding body (20) has a cross-section that is continuously offset along its central axis, and the inner cross-section of the container (1) has the same cross-sectional shape at a distance from the grinding body (20), which is continuously offset along the central axis (6) of the container (1). A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner cross-section of the container (1) is spirally twisted about its central axis (6), and the inner cross-section of the container (1) is covered by terminal covers (2, 2A), at least one of which optionally has an opening (3).Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grinding body (20) is hollow and has a through-opening (23) which connects its inner cavity (22) with its outer surface (21), wherein the container (1) has a terminal lid (2, 2A) which covers its cross-section and which has an opening (3) provided in the lid (2, 2A) which is arranged to fit the inner cavity (22) of the grinding body (20). A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container (1) contains exactly one grinding element (20). A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grinding element (20) has a longitudinal extent that comprises at least 80% of the height of the container (1), perpendicular to the cross-section of the container (1). A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grinding element (20) is convex along its longitudinal extent. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grinding element (20) has a cross-section having a broad surface that is at least 1.5 times wider than the thickness of the grinding element (20) perpendicular to the broad surface.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grinding body (20) has a circular, oval, or at least hexagonal cross-section, with grooves and / or projecting ribs arranged perpendicular to the cross-section of the grinding body (20). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reciprocating motion to which the container (1) is driven is, in the first phase, a linear reciprocating motion with a maximum acceleration of at least 50 m / s. 2is and the reciprocating motion in path segments in the subsequent second phase does not include any vertices. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall (7) of the container (1) has openings and this wall (7) is enclosed at a distance from an outer (9) wall. Method for producing comminutionary particles comprising the steps of filling a container (1) of a device according to one of the preceding claims and reciprocating the container (1) along a path that comprises a sequence of path segments which can be generated by superimposing the reciprocating motion along at least two axes with different frequencies and / or with phase shifts and which each comprise exactly one complete The motion must include a back-and-forth movement along the axis along which the back-and-forth movement with the lower frequency takes place, and each must have at least one vertex where the direction changes by at least 90° within a maximum of 20% of the length of a path segment.

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