Prefabricated shaft bunker

Abstract

Shaft bunker, in particular for technical equipment or for people, constructed by excavating a floor depression, inserting a wall segment into the floor depression, further excavating the floor depression so that the wall segment sinks into the floor depression, placing another wall segment on the sunken wall segment, repeating the further excavation and placement until a predefined depth is reached, and inserting a floor slab.

Description

Field of invention

[0001] The revelation concerns a prefabricated underground shaft bunker and a method for constructing a shaft bunker. State of the art

[0002] Above-ground and underground shelters for protection against mechanical impacts are known from the prior art. Due to advances in defense technology, above-ground shelters are increasingly considered insufficiently secure. Underground shelters offer greater protection against mechanical impacts but require considerably more construction effort. In particular, there are limitations regarding the construction depth and time due to the complex shoring of the excavation and the predominantly used cast-in-place concrete construction method. To accelerate the construction of bunkers, modular bunker systems are known from the prior art. For example, FR 2 525 665 A1 discloses an underground shelter constructed from prefabricated elements. Furthermore, accelerated construction methods for bunkers are known from the prior art.For example, GB 445,683 A reveals an underground bunker which is created by removing the soil from under the bunker and burying it in the ground.

[0003] However, the underground shelters known from the state of the art have restrictions, especially regarding the maximum construction depth and the time and financial costs of construction. Disclosure of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to specify a prefabricated shaft bunker that is an improvement over the current state of the art. In particular, it is to specify an underground shelter that features a modular and flexible design, a rapid construction time, and low financial expenditure.

[0005] The problem is solved with a structure according to claim 1, a structure according to claim 3, a method according to claim 14 and a method according to claim 15.

[0006] A first aspect concerns a shaft bunker, especially for equipment or for people, constructed by excavating a depression in the ground, inserting a wall segment into the depression, further excavating the depression so that the wall segment sinks into the depression, placing another wall segment on top of the sunken wall segment, repeating the excavation and placement process until a predefined depth is reached, and installing a base plate.

[0007] Another aspect concerns a shaft bunker, especially for equipment or for people, constructed by excavating a depression in the ground, inserting a wall segment into the depression, further excavating the depression, inserting another wall segment below the inserted wall segment, repeating the excavation and insertion until a predefined depth is reached, and installing a base plate.

[0008] Another aspect concerns a method for constructing a shaft bunker, comprising excavating a depression in the ground, inserting a wall segment into the depression, further excavating the depression so that the wall segment sinks into the depression, placing another wall segment on top of the sunken wall segment, repeating the excavation and placement until a predefined depth is reached, and installing a base plate.

[0009] Another aspect concerns a method for constructing a shaft bunker, comprising excavating a depression in the ground, inserting a wall segment into the depression, further excavating the depression, inserting another wall segment below the inserted wall segment, repeating the further excavation and insertion until a predefined depth is reached, and installing a base plate.

[0010] Wherever “or” is used in the following list, unless otherwise stated, “and / or” is meant.

[0011] Insofar as the term "bunker" is used in this application, it generally includes shelters, in particular shelters for protection against mechanical impact.

[0012] In typical designs, the depression is excavated using mechanical methods, particularly dredging with, for example, a cable excavator. Typically, the depression is excavated to depths of up to 10 meters, 20 meters, 30 meters, or 40 meters using an excavator. In typical designs, the excavator removes rock and soil, including groundwater. In typical designs, especially with hard soil types, the depression is excavated by milling, particularly using a milling drum with hydraulic fluid conveying, or by high-pressure jetting lances.

[0013] In typical embodiments, the soil depression is excavated by flushing. Typically, at great depths, especially in groundwater or at depths greater than 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, or 40 m, a combined milling / pumping unit is used to excavate the soil depression, particularly to avoid long cycle times for excavation at great depths. The water / soil mixture is typically pumped out as an emulsion. In other embodiments, a flushing system, particularly with a soil loosening technique, is used. The soil is typically loosened mechanically, especially with rotating excavation tools, or with high- or ultra-high-pressure methods, and pumped out as a water / soil mixture. The excavation of the soil depression, particularly by flushing, is typically carried out continuously, which significantly reduces construction time.Typically, washed-out soil is separated using a soil separation plant.

[0014] Typically, at least a large number of wall segments are placed side by side. Typically, at least a large number of wall segments are stacked on top of each other, particularly to achieve the desired bunker depth using compact wall segments. Typically, the bottommost wall segments are fitted with an edge and an overlap, and then joined, particularly to reduce skin friction, thereby facilitating the settling process of the structural elements.

[0015] Typically, at least a large number of wall segments are connected in a way that is resistant to tension and compression. Typically, at least a large number of wall segments are connected in a watertight manner, particularly to prevent groundwater from entering the bunker. Typically, at least a large number of wall segments are connected using connecting elements. Typically, at least a large number of wall segments are connected using interlocking joints. Typically, at least a large number of wall segments are connected using studs. Typically, at least a large number of wall segments are connected using threaded anchors.

[0016] Typically, the complete excavation of a building pit before the installation of all wall segments is omitted. The wall segment is typically lowered using its own weight. The lowering process can typically be controlled by soil removal. The structure typically replaces shoring, thereby shortening construction time and reducing costs. A lowering method without a compressed air chamber is typically used, particularly because it allows for shorter construction times. In some embodiments, a lowering method with a compressed air chamber, especially a caisson method, is used.

[0017] Typically, twice the circumradius, in particular the diameter, of the shaft bunker is at least 2 m, at least 3 m, at least 4 m, at least 5 m or at most 6 m, at most 8 m, at most 10 m, at most 15 m, at most 20 m, at most 30 m or at most 50 m.

[0018] Typically, the excavation is iteratively deepened, and additional wall segments are added. In some embodiments, the excavation is iteratively deepened, and additional wall segments are inserted below the already installed wall segments, particularly using a method known as "underpinning." Typically, another wall segment is added once the installed wall segments have reached ground level, thus preventing excessive exposure of the aboveground portion of the bunker under construction. In other embodiments, another wall segment is added once the depth of the excavation has been increased by at least the height of one wall segment. A guide segment typically facilitates the vertical lowering of the wall segments.In some embodiments, after the first wall segments have been inserted, a support ring, particularly made of cast-in-place concrete, is placed around them and anchored to them. In others, cavities between the wall segments and the floor depression are grouted with cement mortar. The placement of further wall segments is typically guided by threaded rods, racks, or steel cables. In some embodiments, the lowering process can be accelerated or decelerated by means of threaded rods or racks, particularly by holding or pushing, thereby achieving improved control of the lowering process. Typically, the threaded rods are connected to a hydraulic winch. Typically, the racks are connected to gears, which are driven, in particular, hydraulically or electrically.Typically, the threaded rods, steel cables, or racks are connected to the lowest wall segment. The threaded rods or racks are typically extendable. The wall segments typically have guide elements, particularly for guiding the threaded rods or racks, especially to prevent buckling. In some embodiments, the guide segment can serve as a support for the threaded rods, racks, or steel cables.

[0019] In some embodiments, a plurality of wall segments are placed or inserted between two excavation operations. In other embodiments, exactly one wall segment is placed or inserted after an excavation operation. Typically, the walls of the floor excavation are secured by means of wall segments, in particular tunnel lining segments (tubbings).

[0020] Typically, after the last wall segment has been placed and lowered, a base slab is installed, particularly beneath the first wall segment. This base slab is typically designed as an underwater concrete slab. The first wall segments installed are typically prepared to accommodate connecting elements, particularly for a watertight connection, or steel reinforcement for the base slab. In some embodiments, the last wall segments installed are also prepared to accommodate connecting elements, particularly for a watertight connection, or steel reinforcement for the base slab. After the underwater base slab has hardened, the water is typically pumped out of the shaft bunker.Typically, during the curing of the underwater concrete slab, any remaining bentonite in an annular space, particularly in the overlap area of ​​the edge of the lowest wall segment, between the ground depression and the bunker, is replaced by injecting cement mortar. This primarily secures the structure and prevents buoyancy. Typically, after the water is pumped out, a second slab, especially as a leveling layer, is installed.

[0021] In typical embodiments, an interior, particularly a modular, structure is installed in the shaft bunker. Typically, the interior is constructed from prefabricated elements or parts, especially those manufactured industrially, thereby reducing construction costs or shortening the construction time. Furthermore, the use of prefabricated elements or parts allows for a spatial or temporal separation of the interior's production from the bunker's construction. The interior is typically based on a modular system; in particular, interior elements can be added modularly or are coordinated with one another, thereby reducing construction costs through economies of scale, shortening the construction time, or simplifying the construction process.Typically, the interior fittings include floor slabs, partition walls, elevators, staircases, ventilation ducts, water supply and drainage pipes, cables and conduits for electrical power supply, cables and conduits for connection to telecommunications systems, or tanks and supply lines for operating materials. In other embodiments, the interior fittings include components of critical infrastructure, in particular components for electricity supply, water supply, wastewater disposal, natural gas or other gas supply, mineral oil, fuel or other liquid supply, or telecommunications service provision.

[0022] Typically, after the interior of the shaft bunker is fitted out, a bunker ceiling is installed as the bunker roof. This bunker roof typically comprises prefabricated elements, particularly industrially prefabricated elements, which significantly reduces the construction time, as full structural load-bearing capacity is achieved without curing time. In some embodiments, the bunker roof is constructed as a cast-in-place concrete slab. Typically, the bunker roof is mounted onto the wall segments that were installed last. These wall segments are typically prepared to accommodate connecting elements for attaching them to the bunker roof, thus accelerating the construction process. In other embodiments, the bunker roof is mounted onto the wall segments that were installed first.Typically, the wall segments installed first are prepared to receive connecting elements for linking to the bunker roof, thus accelerating the construction of the bunker roof. The bunker roof typically has openings for utilities, particularly for ventilation, drainage, electrical power supply, or telecommunications lines. In typical embodiments, the bunker roof has at least one access point to the shaft bunker. In some embodiments, at least one of the last wall segments installed has openings for utilities or at least one access point. In other embodiments, at least one of the first wall segments installed has openings for utilities or at least one access point. In some embodiments, at least one opening in the bunker roof is closed by a slab, particularly a reinforced concrete slab, mounted on a rail system.In some embodiments, the platform is movable hydraulically or electrically, particularly via rack and pinion mechanisms. In others, the bunker roof serves as the foundation for a building. In still others, the bunker roof is covered with soil, particularly with excavated material from the bunker construction. Typically, access is provided through a soil covering, particularly using prefabricated components.

[0023] In some embodiments, at least one wall segment has openings for connecting structures, in particular tunnels leading to further shelters. In other embodiments, the tunnels leading to further shelters are designed to be accessible to people. In other embodiments, the tunnels leading to further shelters are designed to serve the supply and disposal of utilities, in particular electricity, air, natural gas or other gases, water, fuels or other liquids, or the provision of telecommunications services.

[0024] In typical designs, the wall segments are made of cast steel, rolled or formed steel plates, reinforced concrete or concrete substitutes.

[0025] In typical embodiments, at least a plurality of the wall segments have a segmental shape. Typically, a wall segment comprises several segments. In some embodiments, the joints of the segments are continuous. In others, the joints of the segments are staggered. In some embodiments, the segments are circular or circular-segment shaped.

[0026] In typical embodiments, at least a plurality of the wall segments have an elliptical, and in particular a circular, shape. In typical embodiments, a cross-section of at least a plurality of the wall segments has at least one axis of symmetry. In typical embodiments, the shaft bunker is cylindrical.

[0027] In typical embodiments, at least a plurality of the wall segments have a prismatic, in particular a hollow prismatic, shape. In embodiments, at least a plurality of the wall segments have the shape of a triangular, quadrilateral, or pentagonal prism. In embodiments, at least a plurality of the wall segments have the shape of an n-sided prism, where n is any natural number greater than two. In embodiments, at least a plurality of the wall segments have a honeycomb shape.

[0028] In typical embodiments, at least a large number of the wall segments are prefabricated, particularly as prefabricated elements, thereby shortening the bunker's construction time, especially by eliminating curing times. Typically, at least a large number of the wall segments are manufactured industrially, which allows for economies of scale and thus reduces construction costs. Furthermore, industrial manufacturing, particularly in weather-protected areas of a production facility, reduces construction restrictions caused by weather. Typically, at least a large number of the wall segments are transported from the production facility to the bunker construction site, particularly by truck or rail, thereby spatially and temporally separating the manufacturing of the wall segments from the construction of the bunker.

[0029] Typically, at least a large number of the wall segments, especially when small, are made in one piece. Typically, at least a large number of the wall segments are designed in a closed form, especially as a continuous ring.

[0030] In typical embodiments, at least a plurality of the wall segments comprise prefabricated sub-elements. Typically, the prefabricated sub-elements are of at least one uniform size. Typically, one of the wall segments comprises at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least ten, at least twelve, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 35, at least 50, at least 60, or at least 75 wall segments. Typically, the prefabricated sub-elements are sized to allow transport within standard clearance profiles, particularly those used for road or rail transport, thereby simplifying transport of the sub-elements, especially over longer distances.

[0031] Typically, at least a number of the wall segments, particularly the first of the wall segments used, have a cutting edge. The cutting edge is typically located on the side of the wall segment facing downwards. In typical embodiments, the outer diameter of the cutting edge is larger than the outer diameter of the side of the wall segment facing away from the bottom, resulting in an overlap, particularly with wall segments located above. A clay mineral-water mixture, particularly bentonite, is typically injected into the resulting annular space to reduce friction, thereby simplifying the settling process of the wall segments.

[0032] The invention enables the construction of an underground shaft bunker that offers lower construction costs and faster construction progress compared to prior art. Economies of scale in manufacturing are achieved by constructing the shaft bunker from prefabricated modules. Furthermore, the production of wall segments or the interior fittings can be spatially separated from the bunker's location and temporally separated from the bunker's construction phase. Modularization and standardization of the shaft bunker allow for advantageous modularization of the bunker's interior fittings. The described method for constructing a shaft bunker enables bunker depths of over 100 meters to be realized, independent of groundwater and geological conditions. Brief description of the drawings

[0033] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, the figures of which show: Fig. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the invention in a schematic sectional drawing; Fig. 2 schematically shows another embodiment of the invention in a schematic sectional drawing; Fig. 3 schematically shows an embodiment of the invention under construction in a schematic sectional drawing; Fig. 4 schematically shows another embodiment of the invention in a schematic sectional drawing; Fig. 5 schematically shows a method for constructing the invention; Fig. 6 schematically shows the method of Fig. 5 with further optional process steps; Fig. 7 schematically shows a method for constructing a further embodiment of the invention; and Fig. 8 schematically shows the method of Fig. 7 with further optional process steps. Description of embodiments

[0034] Typical embodiments are described below with reference to the figures, although the invention is not limited to these embodiments. Rather, the scope of the invention is defined by the claims. In describing the embodiments, the same reference numerals may be used in different figures and for different embodiments to make the description clearer. However, this does not mean that corresponding parts of the invention are limited to the variants shown in the embodiments. For the sake of clarity, some features that have already been described in connection with other figures are not described again. In some cases, features that are shown multiple times in a figure are only marked with reference numerals once.

[0035] The Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a typical embodiment of the shaft bunker 100.

[0036] Specifically, the shaft bunker 100 comprises a floor depression 20 into which a shelter is constructed using wall segments 1. The wall segments 1 are formed from sub-elements 10. The wall segments 1 form the wall of the shaft bunker 100. A bottom wall segment 2 is installed first and includes a cutting edge. A guide segment 3 ensures that the wall segments 1 are installed vertically during the construction of the shaft bunker 100. A base plate 4 is installed in the area of ​​the bottom wall segment 2.

[0037] The Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section of another typical embodiment of the shaft bunker 100.

[0038] Specifically, the shaft bunker 100 comprises the ground depression 20, into which a shelter is constructed using wall segments 1. The wall segments 1 form the wall of the shaft bunker 100. The lowest wall segment 2 has a cutting edge. During the construction of the shaft bunker 100, the lowest wall segment 2 is first placed into the ground depression 20. The guide segment 3 ensures that it is inserted vertically. By iteratively excavating further the ground depression 20 and adding further wall segments 1, the depth of the shaft bunker 100 increases until a predetermined depth is reached. The base plate 4 is then installed in the area of ​​the lowest wall segment 2.

[0039] Interior fittings are being installed inside shaft bunker 100. Several levels 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 are being installed using prefabricated components. The levels are connected to each other by means of an elevator 5. A scissor lift 7 connects the uppermost level 21 of shaft bunker 100 to an access shaft 30 and an entrance 31.

[0040] The shaft bunker 100 further comprises a bunker roof 6, which is made of modules. The bunker roof has an opening 32 for the access shaft 30, which can be closed with a prefabricated closure 8. The closure 8 can be moved on a rail system 33.

[0041] The bunker roof 6 is covered with earth 9. An access 31 to the shaft bunker 100 is constructed with prefabricated elements 34.

[0042] The Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section of another typical embodiment of the shaft bunker 100 under construction.

[0043] Specifically, the shaft bunker 100 under construction comprises the ground excavation 20, which is excavated by a cable excavator 40. The cable excavator 40 deepens the ground excavation 20 below the lowest wall segment 2, which was the first to be placed in the ground excavation 20. Further wall segments 1 are placed into the ground excavation 20 from above. The guide segment 3 ensures the vertical placement of the further wall segments 1 and can serve as a buttress when holding or pushing the shaft segments.

[0044] The Fig. 4 shows a longitudinal section of another typical embodiment of the shaft bunker 100 under construction.

[0045] Specifically, the shaft bunker 100 under construction comprises the excavation pit 20, which is being dug by a cable excavator 40 and an excavator 41. The excavator 41 deepens the excavation pit 20 below the lowest wall segment 2, which was the last to be installed. Further wall segments 1 are lowered into the excavation pit 20 and installed below the lowest, most recently installed wall segment 2. Wall segments 1, 2, 45, 46, 47, and 48 are formed from sub-segments 10. A buttress ring 43 is connected to the first of the installed wall segments 45, 46, 47, and 48 by means of anchor elements 44.

[0046] The Fig. 5 Figure 1000 shows a method for constructing a shaft bunker. The method comprises several steps. In the first step, 1010, a pit is excavated. In the next step, 1020, a wall segment is inserted into the pit. In the following step, 1030, the pit is excavated further so that the wall segment sinks into it. In the next step, 1040, another wall segment is placed on top of the sunken wall segment. The last two steps, 1030 and 1040, are repeated iteratively until a predefined depth is reached. In the final step, 1050, a base slab is installed.

[0047] The Fig. 6 shows a method 1100 for the construction of a shaft bunker, where method 1000 is the Fig. 5 The process is supplemented with further steps. After the base plate (1050) is installed, an interior fitting is optionally added in a further step (1160). In a further step (1170), a bunker roof is optionally placed on the last of the additional wall segments.

[0048] The Fig. 7 Figure 1200 shows a method for constructing a shaft bunker. The method comprises several steps. In the first step, 1010, a pit is excavated. In the next step, 1020, a wall segment is inserted into the pit. In the next step, 1230, the pit is excavated further. In the next step, 1240, another wall segment is inserted below the last inserted wall segment. The last two steps, 1230 and 1240, are repeated iteratively until a predefined depth is reached. In the next step, 1050, a base slab is installed.

[0049] The Fig. 8 shows a method 1300 for the construction of a shaft bunker, where method 1200 is the Fig. 7 This is supplemented with further steps. After the base plate 1050 is installed, an interior fit-out is optionally added in a further step 1160. In a further step 1170, a bunker roof is optionally attached to the first of the installed wall segments.

Claims

1. Shaft bunker (100), in particular for technical equipment or for people, produced by: excavating a floor depression (20), inserting a wall segment (1, 2) into the floor depression (20), further excavating the floor depression (20) so that the wall segment (1, 2) sinks into the floor depression (20), placing a further wall segment (1) on the sunken wall segment (1), repeating the further excavation and the placing until a predefined depth is reached, and inserting a floor slab (4).

2. Shaft bunker (100) according to claim 1, further manufactured by applying a bunker roof (6) to the last of the further wall segments (1) placed.

3. Shaft bunker (100), in particular for technical equipment or for people, produced by: excavating a floor depression (20), inserting a wall segment (1, 45) into the floor depression (20), further excavating the floor depression (20), inserting a further wall segment (1, 46) below the inserted wall segment (1), repeating the further excavation and insertion until a predefined depth is reached, and inserting a floor slab (4).

4. Shaft bunker (100) according to claim 3, further manufactured by applying a bunker roof (6) to the first of the inserted wall segments (1, 45).

5. Shaft bunker (100) according to one of the preceding claims, further manufactured by inserting an interior fitting.

6. Shaft bunker (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a plurality of the wall segments (1) have a tubbing shape, an elliptical shape or a prismatic shape.

7. Shaft bunker (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a plurality of the wall segments (1) are prefabricated.

8. Shaft bunker (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a plurality of the wall segments (1) comprise prefabricated partial elements (10).

9. Shaft bunker (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a plurality of the wall segments (1) are connected by a tensile and compressive strength connection.

10. Shaft bunker (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a plurality of the wall segments (1) have a cutting edge.

11. Shaft bunker (100) according to one of claims 5 - 10, wherein the interior construction is modular.

12. Shaft bunker (100) according to one of claims 2 or 4 - 11, wherein the bunker roof is modular.

13. Shaft bunker (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shaft bunker is designed to accommodate transformers, high-voltage circuit breakers and / or generators.

14. A method for constructing a shaft bunker (100), comprising: excavating a floor depression (20), inserting a wall segment (1, 2) into the floor depression (20), further excavating the floor depression (20) so that the wall segment sinks (1, 2), placing a further wall segment (1) on the sunken wall segment (1, 2), repeating the further excavation and the placing until a predefined depth is reached, and inserting a floor slab (4).

15. A method for constructing a shaft bunker, comprising: excavating a floor depression (20), inserting a wall segment (1, 45) into the floor depression (20), further excavating the floor depression (20), inserting a further wall segment (1, 46) below the inserted wall segment (1, 45), repeating the further excavation and insertion until a predefined depth is reached, and inserting a floor slab (4).

Images