Prefabricated facade element, facade system and method for producing an insulated facade

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated facade element (1) comprising: a carrier panel (10), a single- or multi-layer thermal insulation layer (20) arranged on the carrier panel (10) and connected to it, preferably by bonding, and a reinforcing layer (30) applied over its entire surface to the thermal insulation layer (20), wherein the carrier panel (10) has means (12) along at least one side surface (11) for a positive-locking connection with the carrier panel (10) of another facade element (1), for example in the form of a groove (13) and / or a tongue (14), so that a positive-locking connection acting perpendicular to the plane of the carrier panels (10) is achieved. The invention further relates to a facade system and a method for producing an insulated facade.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a prefabricated facade element, a facade system, and a method for producing an insulated facade. The invention finds application in the construction sector, particularly in the energy-efficient renovation of existing buildings. State of the art

[0002] There are a large number of existing buildings in Germany whose exterior walls are uninsulated. As a result, heating requirements are very high in winter and the buildings heat up considerably in summer. This poses a problem in times of climate change.

[0003] To remedy this, buildings can be retrofitted with insulation. For structural reasons, the insulation is then usually applied to the exterior walls of the building to be insulated, usually using an adhesive and / or anchors. To protect the insulation layer from the elements, a final coating or cladding is then applied to the insulation layer. The final coating can be, for example, a multi-layer plaster system. The insulation, fastening materials, and the plaster system then together form a thermal insulation composite system.

[0004] The subsequent installation of insulation or an external thermal insulation composite system is time-consuming and costly. The effort increases with the complexity of the connection details, for example, in the base area and / or the roof connection. Furthermore, the insulation or external thermal insulation composite system must be integrated with existing windows and doors.

[0005] To save costs, the trend is towards prefabricated elements that are manufactured entirely in the factory so that they only need to be assembled on site. To reduce assembly work, the elements are often designed in particularly large formats, for example, floor-to-ceiling, which leads to high weights. A further problem that then arises is the load transfer to the load-bearing structure of the building, which is generally not designed to bear such high additional loads. This is particularly the case with single-family and multi-family homes from the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. However, it is precisely here that the need for energy-efficient renovation is very high. Large-format facade elements also require a large number of attachment points to secure the elements against wind uplift and tipping. This often makes the systems uneconomical.

[0006] The present invention is based on the object of eliminating the aforementioned disadvantages and, in particular, of making the energy-efficient renovation of existing buildings simpler and more cost-effective.

[0007] To achieve this objective, the prefabricated facade element having the features of claim 1, the facade system having the features of claim 9, and the method having the features of claim 14 are proposed. Advantageous further developments of the invention can be found in the respective subclaims.

[0008] The scope of application of the invention is not limited to existing buildings, but can also be used in new buildings to create an insulated facade. Disclosure of the invention

[0009] The proposed prefabricated facade element includes: a carrier plate, a single- or multi-layer thermal insulation layer arranged on the carrier plate and connected, preferably glued, to the carrier plate, and a reinforcement layer applied over the entire surface of the thermal insulation layer, wherein the support plate has means along at least one side surface for a positive connection with the support plate of a further facade element, for example in the form of a groove and / or a tongue, so that a positive connection acting perpendicular to the plate plane of the support plates is achieved.

[0010] The positive connection of the facade elements to each other stiffens the facade elements, allowing the thickness of the supporting panels to be reduced. This, in turn, saves weight, meaning fewer loads need to be carried. The stiffening provided by the positive connection also increases the load-bearing capacity of the facade elements against dead weight and wind loads, allowing the number of attachment points to be reduced. This further saves costs.

[0011] If the means for the positive connection are a groove and / or tongue, the tongue can be formed integrally with the carrier plate or be a key. The key is a separately manufactured element that is connected to the carrier plate, for example, by inserting, in particular pressing, into a groove in the carrier plate. The term "tongue" in this context encompasses both types of tongues, i.e., also parallel keys.

[0012] If the means for the positive connection is a tongue and / or groove, a side surface with a groove is preferably opposite a side surface with a tongue. The tongue can then be inserted into the groove of a facade element to be installed subsequently, or the tongue of a subsequent facade element can be inserted into the groove of an already installed facade element. The opposing side surfaces can, for example, be two side surfaces that run horizontally in the final installation position. In this way, a positive connection can be achieved between two facade elements arranged one above the other. Alternatively or additionally, the opposing side surfaces can be two side surfaces that run vertically in the final installation position. In this way, a positive connection can be achieved between two facade elements arranged next to one another.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the support plate has a groove on each of two side surfaces arranged at an angle. Side surfaces with a tongue preferably lie opposite the two side surfaces, so that two side surfaces arranged at an angle each have a tongue. In this embodiment, the facade element can be positively connected to both an overlying and a laterally adjacent facade element.

[0014] If the facade element has only one side surface with a groove and a side surface opposite this side surface with a tongue, these are preferably the side surfaces that run horizontally in the final installation position. This design enables load transfer from top to bottom when several facade elements are arranged one above the other, i.e., from the topmost facade element to the bottommost facade element or a supporting structure that supports the bottommost facade element. The facade is then essentially self-supporting, so that the number of attachment points on the on-site substructure can be minimized.

[0015] As a further development, it is proposed that the at least one groove provided in a side surface of the support plate has a trapezoidal cross-section that opens outwards. This cross-sectional shape facilitates the insertion of the tongue of an adjacent facade element into the groove. The tongue on the opposite side surface of the support plate is preferably designed in the opposite direction.

[0016] Alternatively or additionally, means for a positive connection in the form of a step fold are proposed. In this case, too, the means for the positive connection are preferably formed on at least two opposite side surfaces of the carrier panel. The two side surfaces having the step fold are designed to be diametrically opposed in order to be able to create a positive connection with an adjacent carrier panel or an adjacent facade element. The means for a positive connection in the form of a step fold can, for example, be provided on the two side surfaces of the carrier panel that run vertically in the final installed position. Means for a positive connection in the form of a tongue and groove can then be provided on the two horizontal side surfaces.

[0017] Furthermore, the support plate preferably has means for fastening the facade element to an on-site substrate and / or a supporting structure attached to the on-site substrate. The fastening means can be attached to the support plate at the factory, so that the facade element is delivered to the construction site already equipped with the fastening means. However, the fastening means can also be attached to the support plate on-site. The latter has the advantage that the facade element is easier to transport.

[0018] As already mentioned, one advantage of the facade element according to the invention is that - due to the positive connection of the facade element with an adjacent facade element - the number of attachment points on the on-site substrate can be reduced. Consequently, the number of attachment means can also be reduced. Via the means for the positive connection, the facade element is connected to at least one other facade element along a side surface of the support plate, so that there is linear contact between the facade elements. The means for attachment to the on-site substrate and / or to the supporting structure are preferably designed such that they are limited to essentially point-like contact of the facade element with the on-site substrate and / or the supporting structure.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the support plate has means for fastening the facade element to an on-site substrate and / or a supporting structure attached to the on-site substrate in the form of an L-, U- and / or Z-shaped sheet. Depending on whether the means of fastening are used to the on-site substrate or to the supporting structure, the means can be designed and / or dimensioned differently. The at least one L-, U- and / or Z-shaped sheet can have a first leg that is connected to the support plate, for example screwed, and a second leg that is connected to the on-site substrate or to the supporting structure, for example screwed. The fastening of the facade element can be realized quickly and easily in this way.

[0020] In a further development of the invention, it is proposed that the thermal insulation layer has a profile along at least one side edge, which is formed by a surface facing towards or away from the reinforcement layer and a side surface. The profile serves to form a defined edge that closes off the thermal insulation layer. In this way, a high dimensional accuracy of the facade element can be achieved. This is particularly advantageous if a visible joint is to remain between the thermal insulation layer and the reinforcement layer of two facade elements. The profile then ensures a consistent joint width along the length of the side edge. The joint allows the absorption of thermally induced length changes in very large-format facade elements.

[0021] Preferably, all side edges of the thermal insulation layer, formed by the surface facing the reinforcement layer and the side surfaces, have a profile. The profile is thus arranged circumferentially so that the thermal insulation layer has defined dimensions in view. The profile can also serve as a connecting strip, in particular a plastering strip, for the reinforcement layer, so that the reinforcement layer has a clean finish.

[0022] The profile arranged along at least one side edge can, in particular, be an L-shaped profile. The profile can then be arranged so as to encompass the side edge. This means that a first leg of the profile rests on the surface and a second leg of the profile rests on a side surface of the thermal insulation layer. If the surface faces the reinforcement layer, the second leg of the profile can be used as a connecting strip, in particular as a plastering strip.

[0023] Alternatively or additionally, it is proposed that the profile be a profile with a drip edge. If such a profile is provided, it is preferably arranged along the side edge of the thermal insulation layer, which is formed by the surface facing the reinforcement layer and the side surface of the thermal insulation layer, which forms the lower edge of the thermal insulation layer in the final installed position. Surface water can then be drained away via the drip edge, which runs downwards over the reinforcement layer or a covering layer or cladding applied thereon. In this way, the drip edge prevents water from running behind the thermal insulation layer via the lower side surface.

[0024] The thermal insulation layer preferably has a fabric angle along at least one side edge, which is formed by the surface facing toward or away from the reinforcement layer and one of the side surfaces. The fabric angle can be arranged along a side edge, for example, instead of a profile. This allows costs to be further reduced. The fabric angle can, in particular, be arranged along a side edge formed by the surface facing away from the reinforcement layer and the side surfaces of the thermal insulation layer.

[0025] The reinforcement layer is preferably a reinforced single- or multi-layer plaster layer, which is preferably further reinforced with an embedded reinforcing mesh. The main function of the reinforcement layer is to absorb stresses and thus minimize the risk of cracking.

[0026] Advantageously, a covering layer or cladding is applied or attached to the reinforcement layer. The covering layer or cladding protects the facade from the effects of the weather, such as driving rain. The covering layer can, for example, be another layer of plaster, in particular a finishing coat, so that the covering layer, the reinforcement layer and the thermal insulation layer form a thermal insulation composite system. The cladding can, for example, be a panel, a sheet metal or another surface element that is applied to the reinforcement layer. The cladding should be selected so that the advantage of weight reduction by using the thinnest possible carrier plate is retained. The covering layer or cladding is advantageously applied or attached in the factory, thus achieving a high degree of prefabrication.

[0027] The thermal insulation layer of the facade element preferably comprises an insulating material made of mineral wool, wood fiber, and / or expanded polystyrene. These insulating materials are characterized not only by low thermal conductivity but also by their low weight.

[0028] The carrier board of the facade element is preferably a wood-based panel, in particular a plywood board, a wood fiber board, a particle board, or an OSB board. The carrier board can also be a gypsum- or cement-bonded particle board, a fiber cement board, a gypsum board, or a wood-plastic composite board. The wood-plastic composite board is also known as a WPC board, where WPC stands for "wood plastic composite."

[0029] The use of a plywood board as the carrier board is particularly advantageous. This board has several layers glued crosswise to each other, thus locking each other. This gives the plywood board very little swelling and shrinkage. The board is therefore particularly dimensionally stable. The board's layered structure also facilitates the formation of a side surface with a tongue. In a three-layer board, for example, the middle layer can be exposed on both sides so that it forms the tongue. Alternatively, the middle layer can be left out, creating a groove into which a key is then inserted, especially pressed, to form the tongue.

[0030] For example, good results were achieved with a multi-layer, particularly three-layer, cross-laminated timber panel according to EAD 130005-00-0304. In this case, the thickness of the core board could be reduced to 60 mm. Even particularly large-format facade elements, such as storey-high ones, could be produced from it.

[0031] The thinness of the core board helps save weight, making a façade element featuring the core board particularly suitable for energy-efficient renovations of existing buildings. The lower the weight of the façade element, the less load it places on the existing building. However, these advantages also apply to new buildings.

[0032] The proposed prefabricated facade element can be fully prefabricated in the factory, including windows, doors, and / or sun protection elements if required. The higher the degree of prefabrication, the more time and costs can be saved. Furthermore, quality can be improved. The prefabricated facade element then only needs to be assembled on-site. Particularly large facade elements can be lifted into position using a crane, for example. The facade element's assembly is temperature-independent and can therefore be carried out year-round. Scaffolding is also not required.

[0033] The dimensions of the proposed prefabricated facade element are limited only by logistics and production constraints. This means that heights / widths of up to 13.5 m and widths / heights of up to 3.0 m are possible (standard transport). Furthermore, special sizes with heights / widths of up to 20.0 m and widths / heights of up to 3.5 m can be manufactured (special transport).

[0034] The facade system further proposed to achieve the aforementioned object comprises at least one prefabricated facade element according to the invention and a supporting structure that can be attached to an on-site substructure. The supporting structure serves to transfer the dead weight of the facade element and, if applicable, other facade elements located above it. In this way, only one supporting structure needs to be attached to the on-site substructure across the entire height of the facade. The supporting structure is therefore preferably arranged in one area of ​​a building base. A first prefabricated facade element can then be placed on the supporting structure, followed by at least one further prefabricated facade element. The positive connection created between the support panels of the facade elements ensures the vertical load transfer to the underlying supporting structure.In this way, several stacked facade elements can be supported by a single, bottom-mounted supporting structure. Horizontal loads, especially wind loads, are transferred by point-based fastening of the facade elements to the on-site substructure.

[0035] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the supporting structure comprises a plurality of brackets. The load is transferred to the on-site substructure via the brackets, for example into the outer wall of an existing building. For this purpose, the brackets are attached to the on-site substructure, preferably at the same height. To ensure a high load-bearing capacity of the brackets, they are preferably made of metal, for example steel, in particular structural steel. Furthermore, the brackets preferably have an angular or L-shape, so that a support surface is created for a further element of the supporting structure, which is described in more detail below. The angular or L-shaped brackets are preferably mounted in such a way that a first leg is aligned vertically for attachment to the on-site substructure and a second leg is aligned horizontally. The second leg then forms the support surface.

[0036] The brackets are preferably fastened to the on-site substructure using fastening elements, for example in the form of screws and / or anchors. For this purpose, openings for receiving the fastening elements can be provided in the brackets. The openings can be designed to allow alignment of the brackets, particularly with regard to their height. For example, the openings can be designed as elongated holes. Ideally, openings, particularly elongated holes, are provided in both legs of the brackets for fastening elements. Using the additional fastening elements, a beam can then be fixed to the brackets as a further element of the supporting structure.

[0037] In a further development of the invention, it is therefore proposed that the supporting structure comprises at least one beam. The beam can be placed on the brackets, so that the beam creates a support surface for the at least one facade element. To increase the load-bearing capacity of the beam, it is preferably made of metal or wood. After the beam has been placed on the brackets, it is preferably aligned and fixed in position. As a further development, it is therefore proposed that the beam can be fastened to the brackets using fastening elements, for example in the form of screws. The openings in the bracket provided for receiving the fastening means, in particular screws, are preferably designed as elongated holes to facilitate the alignment of the beam, in particular with regard to its distance from the building substructure.

[0038] The at least one prefabricated facade element is preferably not only placed on the support, but also fastened to the support. The fastening can be achieved, for example, using the fastening means arranged on the support plate of the facade element, in the form of an L-, U-, or Z-shaped sheet. In the case of a Z-shaped sheet, this can be arranged on the lower side surface of the support plate in the final installed position of the facade element in such a way that a vertical first leg rests on the rear side of the support plate and a vertical second leg, which is arranged offset from the first leg, rests on the front side of the support resting on the brackets. The two legs can then be connected, preferably screwed, to the support plate or to the support.

[0039] The proposed facade system preferably comprises more than one prefabricated facade element. The multiple prefabricated facade elements can be arranged one above the other and / or next to one another. The means for positive connection on the side surfaces of the support panels of the facade elements can then achieve a positive connection that acts perpendicular to the plane of the support panels. The support panels of two facade elements lying one above the other and / or next to one another thus interlock, meaning that no joint remains between the support panels. The insulation and reinforcement layers of two adjacent facade elements, on the other hand, form a defined joint that serves to absorb movement. To prevent the joint from forming a cold bridge, an insulating strip is preferably inserted into the joint. The position of the insulating strip can be secured externally using a joint sealing tape.

[0040] The proposed facade system therefore preferably comprises at least one insulation strip and / or a joint sealing tape for insertion into a joint between two facade elements. Alternatively, the insulation strip and / or the joint sealing tape can be part of the prefabricated facade element, thus eliminating the need for subsequent insertion.

[0041] Furthermore, it is proposed that the facade system comprise at least one insulation strip for insertion between the on-site substrate and the at least one facade element. With the help of the insulation strip, an air layer between the on-site substrate and the at least one facade element can be sealed off in such a way that a standing air layer is created. This means that the facade element is not ventilated from behind, as otherwise the thermal protection provided by the insulation layer would be lost. Rear ventilation must therefore be avoided at all costs. This can generally be achieved by attaching the facade element in front of an external wall without an air layer. However, since external walls are generally never completely flat, an air layer proves advantageous because it can compensate for unevenness in the substrate. In the case of a standing air layer, this also provides additional thermal insulation.

[0042] Ideally, the insulation strip is attached to the facade element before it is installed, eliminating the need for subsequent insertion. For example, the insulation strip can be positioned along a peripheral edge on the back of the facade element's support panel, leaving a self-contained air space behind each facade element between the existing substrate and the facade element. The insulation strip is preferably made of a slightly elastic insulating material so that it can adapt to the unevenness of the substrate.

[0043] Furthermore, a method for producing an insulated facade using at least one prefabricated facade element according to the invention, preferably using a facade system according to the invention, is proposed. The method comprises the following steps: a) Attaching a supporting structure to an on-site substrate, b) Erecting the facade element on the supporting structure while maintaining a distance from the on-site substrate, c) Fastening the facade element to the supporting structure and to the on-site substrate.

[0044] The high degree of prefabrication of the facade element according to the invention enables simple and quick installation. Using the proposed method, an insulated facade can be produced particularly easily and cost-effectively. Furthermore, the proposed method can be used to very easily and cost-effectively upgrade the energy efficiency of an existing building. For this purpose, the supporting structure is attached to the exterior wall of the existing building. Subsequently, at least one facade element is lifted onto the supporting structure. By maintaining a certain distance from the existing substructure, any unevenness in the substructure can be accommodated. Preparatory measures on the exterior wall of the existing building can thus be eliminated.

[0045] In step a) of the proposed method, a supporting structure with several brackets is preferably used, which are attached to the on-site substructure using fastening elements, for example, in the form of screws and / or anchors. The height of the brackets is preferably measured and adjusted if necessary.

[0046] Furthermore, in step a), a supporting structure comprising at least one beam is preferably used. The beam is placed on the brackets and secured to the brackets using fastening elements, for example, screws. The beam is then fixed in position, and the facade element can be erected.

[0047] When erecting the facade element in step b), an insulating strip is preferably placed between the on-site substrate and the facade element, bridging the gap between the on-site substrate and the facade element. The at least one insulating strip is preferably placed on the facade element before it is erected, so that the insulating strip does not have to be inserted subsequently. The insulating strip can be positioned more easily before the facade element is erected, ensuring that the at least one insulating strip ensures that the air layer between the on-site substrate and the facade element is a standing air layer.

[0048] Furthermore, in step c), the facade element erected on the supporting structure, preferably on the at least one support of the supporting structure, is preferably fastened to the supporting structure, preferably to the at least one support of the supporting structure and / or to the on-site substructure by means of fastening means, for example in the form of an L-, U- and / or Z-shaped sheet. The fastening means are preferably part of the facade element and are thus already attached to the facade element, preferably to the support plate of the facade element, when the latter is erected. This further simplifies assembly. The fastening means then only need to be attached to the supporting structure or to the on-site substructure. This can be achieved using screws.

[0049] Preferably, a further facade element is placed on top of the already installed facade element in such a way that the means for positive connection formed on the facing side surfaces of the support panels interlock. The positive connection achieved in this way acts perpendicular to the plane of the support panels of the two facade elements. This stiffens the support panels, allowing them to have a reduced thickness. Furthermore, the number of additional attachment points on the on-site substructure can be reduced. The upper facade element is positioned and held by the underlying facade element.

[0050] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a joint is formed between the thermal insulation layers and the reinforcement layers of two adjacent facade elements, into which an insulation strip and / or a joint sealing tape is inserted. Movements or thermally induced length changes can be absorbed via the joint. The insulation strip inserted into the joint prevents the joint from forming a cold bridge. The joint sealing tape can be used to securely hold the insulation strip in the joint. The insulation strip and / or the joint sealing tape can also be attached to the facade element before installation or even at the factory, eliminating the need for subsequent insertion.

[0051] Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show: Fig. 1a horizontal section through a facade system according to the invention Fig. 2 a vertical section through the facade system of the Figure 1 in the area of ​​the base, Fig. 3 a vertical section through the facade system of the Figure 1 in the connection area of ​​two facade elements and Fig. 4 a) and b) each a horizontal section through a facade system according to the invention in the connection area of ​​two facade elements. Detailed description of the drawings

[0052] The Figure 1The facade system 100 according to the invention shown comprises a facade element 1 with a carrier plate 10, a thermal insulation layer 20 applied to the carrier plate 10, and a reinforcement layer 30 applied to the thermal insulation layer 20. The reinforcement layer 30 in the present case consists of a plaster layer 31 with a reinforcing mesh 32 embedded therein, not shown in detail. A finishing plaster is applied to the reinforcement layer 30 as a covering layer 80. All layers are already applied to the carrier plate 10 in the factory, so that the facade element 1 only needs to be attached to an on-site substrate 3 on the construction site.

[0053] The support plate 10 is made of a cross-laminated timber panel, which has means 12 along at least one side surface 11 for a positive connection with another facade element 1. The means 12 for the positive connection comprise a groove 13 and a tongue 14. The Figure 1 left facade element 1 widens the spring 14. The Figure 1 The right facade element 1 has a groove 13, into which the tongue 14 engages. This creates a positive connection perpendicular to the plane of the support panels 10. This stiffens the support panels 10, increasing their load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the thickness of the support panels 10 can be reduced to save weight. In the example shown, the thickness of the support panels 10 is only 60 mm.

[0054] The cross-laminated timber support panels 10 are installed in such a way that the wood fibers of the two outer layers of the cross-laminated timber panels are upright. This allows the load-bearing capacity of the support panels 10 to be further optimized.

[0055] On the rear side, the support plates 10 have means 15 for fastening to the on-site substrate 3. These are designed as Z-shaped sheets that are screwed to the back of the support plates 10. The sheets can be fastened to the on-site substrate 3 using additional screws. The facade elements 1 are therefore only attached to the on-site substrate 3 at specific points, i.e., at a few defined attachment points. This is made possible by the fact that the facade system 100 made from the facade elements 1 is essentially self-supporting. The load is transferred to the on-site substrate via a supporting structure 2 of the facade system 100, which is arranged beneath the facade elements 1.

[0056] The Figure 2shows the lower end of the facade system 100 and thus also the supporting structure 2. This comprises brackets 60, which in this case are made of steel angles and are fastened to the on-site substrate 3 by means of fastening elements 61 in the form of screws. Furthermore, the supporting structure 2 comprises a beam 70, which in this case is made of solid structural timber and rests on the brackets 60. The beam 70 is fixed in position on the brackets 60 by means of fastening elements 71 in the form of screws.

[0057] The facade elements 1 are placed on the support 70 of the supporting structure 2 and then fastened to the support 70. For this purpose, the facade elements 1 have fastening means 16, which in this case are designed as Z-shaped sheets and are arranged on the lower side surfaces 11 of the support plates 10 of the facade elements 1 in such a way that a vertical first leg 17 lies on the back of the respective support plate 10 and a vertical second leg 18 lies on the front of the support 70. The two legs can then be screwed to the respective support plate 10 on the one hand and to the support 70 on the other. The fastening means 16 are only provided on the facade elements 1 that are placed directly on the support 70. Facade elements 1 above them instead have the means 12 for the positive connection of two facade elements 1, i.e., a groove 13 or a tongue 14.

[0058] The connecting area of ​​two superimposed facade elements 1 is shown as an example in the Figure 3 The support panels 10 of the facade elements 1 have, on their mutually facing side surfaces 11, the aforementioned means 12 for positive connection in the form of a groove 13 (upper facade element 1) and a tongue 14 (lower facade element 1). The upper facade element 1 is aligned and held by the lower facade element 1.

[0059] Like the Figures 1 to 3 As can be seen, the facade elements 1 are each positioned at a distance x from the on-site substrate 3, so that an air layer 90 is formed. Unevenness in the substrate 3 can be absorbed via the air layer 90. The air layer 90 is designed as a standing air layer for thermal insulation purposes. For this purpose, insulation strips 4 are inserted between the on-site substrate 3 and the facade elements 1.

[0060] Like the Figures 2 and 3 As can be seen, additional insulation strips 5 are inserted between the thermal insulation layers 20 of two adjacent facade elements 1 and secured with joint sealing tapes 6. This closes a joint 7 that would otherwise form a cold bridge or allow moisture penetration. The joint 7 also accommodates thermally induced length changes.

[0061] In order to form a defined joint 7, the thermal insulation layers 20 have a profile 40 along at least one side edge 21, which is formed by a surface 22 facing the reinforcement layer 30 and a side surface 23 of the thermal insulation layer 20 (see Figure 3). The profile 40 also serves as a connecting or plastering strip for the reinforcement layer 30. The profile 40 is L-shaped for this purpose. The profile 40 of the upper facade element 1, which is arranged along a lower side edge 21, additionally has a drip edge 41. Along at least one further side edge 21, which is formed by a surface 22 facing away from the reinforcement layer 30 and a side surface 23, the facade elements 1 in the present case have a further profile 40 (see Figure 1 ) and / or a fabric angle 50 (see Figure 3 ). Both the profile 40 and the fabric angle 50 form a defined support surface for the insulation strip 5.

[0062] The Figures 4a) and 4b) each show the connection area of ​​the support plates 10 of two adjacent facade elements 1, without the further layers, that is to say without the thermal insulation layer 20, reinforcement layer 30 and cover layer 80. In both cases, the support plates 10 have means 12 for positive connection on their side surfaces 11, which are designed as a groove 13 and tongue 14.

[0063] In the Figure 4a) the tongue 14 is formed by a strip with a trapezoidal cross-section which is inserted, preferably pressed, into a groove 13 in the left support plate 10. At the other end, the tongue 14 engages in an oppositely formed groove 13 in the right support plate 10. The groove 13, which widens outwards as a result, forms a type of insertion cone which facilitates the creation of the positive connection between the two support plates 10. In addition, the facade elements can be installed in a tilted position and then pivoted into their final installation position. This is particularly advantageous when the facade elements 1 are particularly large, for example, storey-high.

[0064] In the Figure 4b), the spring 14 is formed by a bar with a rectangular cross-section. The bar is in turn inserted or pressed into a groove 13 of the left support plate 10. At the other end, the spring 14 engages a groove 13 of the right support plate 10, which also has a rectangular cross-section. List of reference symbols

[0065] 1Facade element 2Supporting structure 3Substrate 4Insulation strip 5Insulation strip 6Joint sealing tape 7Joint 10Support plate 11Side surface 12Means of positive connection 13Groove 14Tone 15Means of fastening 16Means of fastening 17Leg 18Leg 20Thermal insulation layer 21Side edge 22Surface 23Side face 30Reinforcement layer 31Plaster layer 32Reinforcement mesh 40Profile 41Drip edge 50 fabric angles 60Console 61Fastening element 70Support 71Fastener 80Top layer 90Air layer 100Facade system

Claims

1. Prefabricated facade element (1), comprising - a carrier plate (10), - a single-layer or multi-layer thermal insulation layer (20) which is arranged on the carrier plate (10) and connected, preferably glued, to the carrier plate (10), and - a reinforcing layer (30) which is applied over the entire surface of the thermal insulation layer (20), wherein the carrier plate (10) has means (12) along at least one side surface (11) for a positive connection to the carrier plate (10) of a further facade element (1), for example in the form of a groove (13) and / or a tongue (14), so that a positive connection acting perpendicular to the plate plane of the carrier plates (10) is achieved.

2. Facade element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe support plate (10) has means (15, 16) for fastening the facade element (1) to an on-site substrate (3) and / or a supporting structure (2) attached to the on-site substrate (3), for example in the form of an L-, U- and / or Z-shaped sheet.

3. Facade element (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thermal insulation layer (20) has a profile (40), preferably an L-profile and / or a profile with a drip edge (41), along at least one side edge (21), which is formed by a surface (22) facing or away from the reinforcement layer (30) and a side surface (23).

4. Facade element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal insulation layer (20) has a fabric angle (50) along at least one side edge (21) which is formed by the surface (22) facing or away from the reinforcement layer (30) and one of the side surfaces (23).

5. Facade element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing layer (30) is a reinforced single- or multi-layer plaster layer (31), which is preferably reinforced by an embedded reinforcing mesh (32).

6. Facade element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a covering layer (80) or cladding is applied or attached to the reinforcement layer (30).

7. Facade element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal insulation layer (20) comprises an insulating material made of mineral wool, wood fibers and / or expanded polystyrene.

8. Facade element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier plate (10) is a wood-based panel, in particular a plywood panel, a wood fiber board, a chipboard or an OSB board, a gypsum- or cement-bonded chipboard, a fiber cement board, a gypsum board or a wood-plastic composite board.

9. Facade system (100), comprising at least one prefabricated facade element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, and a supporting structure (2) attachable to a building substrate (3).

10. Facade system (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that the supporting structure (2) comprises a plurality of brackets (60) which are preferably made of metal and / or can be fastened to the on-site substrate (3) by means of fastening elements (61), for example in the form of screws and / or anchors.

11. Facade system (100) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the supporting structure (2) comprises at least one support (70) which is preferably made of metal or wood and / or can be fastened to the brackets (60) by means of fastening elements (71), for example in the form of screws.

12. Facade system (100) according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in thatthe facade system (100) comprises at least one insulation strip (5) and / or a joint sealing tape (6) for insertion into a joint (7) between two facade elements (1).

13. Facade system (100) according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the facade system (100) comprises at least one insulating strip (4) for insertion between the on-site substrate (3) and the at least one facade element (1).

14. A method for producing an insulated facade using at least one prefabricated facade element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, preferably using a facade system (100) according to one of claims 9 to 13, comprising the steps: a) attaching a supporting structure (2) to an on-site substrate (3), b) erecting the facade element (1) on the supporting structure (2) while maintaining a distance (x) from the on-site substrate (3), c) fastening the facade element (1) to the supporting structure (2) and to the on-site substrate (3).

15. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that in step a) a supporting structure (2) with a plurality of brackets (60) is used, which are fastened to the on-site substrate (3) by means of fastening elements (61), for example in the form of screws and / or anchors.

16. Method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in thatin step a) a supporting structure (2) is used which comprises at least one support (70) which is placed on the brackets (60) and fastened to the brackets (60) by means of fastening elements (71), for example in the form of screws.

17. Method according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that when erecting the facade element (1) in step b), an insulating strip (4) is arranged between the on-site substrate (3) and the facade element (1), which strip bridges the distance (x) between the on-site substrate (3) and the facade element (1).

18. Method according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in thatin step c) the facade element (1) erected on the supporting structure (2), preferably on the at least one support (70) of the supporting structure (2), is fastened to the supporting structure (2), preferably to the at least one support (70) of the supporting structure (2), and / or to the on-site substrate (3) by means (15, 16) for fastening, for example in the form of an L-, U- and / or Z-shaped sheet.

19. Method according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that a further facade element (1) is placed on the already erected facade element (1) in such a way that the means (12) formed on the mutually facing side surfaces of the support plates (10) engage with one another for the form-fitting connection.

20. Method according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in thata joint (7) is formed between the thermal insulation layers (20) and the reinforcement layers (30) of two adjacent facade elements (1), into which joint an insulation strip (5) and / or a joint sealing tape (6) is / are inserted.

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