System for detecting unauthorized persons in an area outside a vehicle, and associated method

Abstract

The invention relates to a system (1) for detecting unauthorized persons (31, 32) in an area outside a vehicle (2), having a key unit (20) and a vehicle unit (10), wherein the vehicle unit (10) has at least one radio module (11, 12) designed to communicate with the key unit (20) in the outside area and / or to determine a position of the key unit (20) in the outside area and / or to determine a distance of the key unit (20) from the radio module (11, 12) in the outside area, wherein at least one of the radio modules (11, 12) is a UWB module (11) designed to transmit and / or receive first signals for communicating with the key unit (20) and / or determining the position of the key unit (20) and / or determining the distance of the key unit (20) in the outside area, and wherein the UWB module (11) is designed, in addition to transmitting and / or receiving the first signals, to transmit and / or receive second signals as radar pulses and to use the radar pulses to detect objects in the outside area and to determine the position and / or movement thereof relative to the UWB module.

Description

[0001] System for detecting unauthorized persons in an exterior area of ​​a vehicle and associated method

[0002] Description:

[0003] The invention relates to a system for detecting unauthorized persons in an outdoor area, ie in the environment or surroundings of a vehicle, and to an associated method.

[0004] State-of-the-art systems for detecting unauthorized persons are already known, but these are often based on cameras. Since these require the capture of individuals and the images to be analyzed, the required computing effort and thus the costs are comparatively high. Furthermore, data protection issues can arise.

[0005] Furthermore, it is already known from the prior art to use radio modules provided in the vehicle, in particular UWB modules and BLE modules, for communication with a key unit and for determining the distance of the key unit to the vehicle in order to be able to provide keyless entry or keyless-go functionalities.

[0006] However, if the detection of unauthorized persons is to be enabled in vehicles with UWB modules, additional hardware, such as cameras, is usually used in the current state of the art, which entails correspondingly high costs.

[0007] The invention is therefore based on the object of overcoming the aforementioned disadvantages and of providing a cost-effective and reliable system for detecting unauthorized persons in an exterior space of a vehicle and an associated method.

[0008] This problem is solved by the combination of features according to patent claim 1.

[0009] According to the invention, a system for detecting unauthorized persons in the exterior space of a vehicle is therefore proposed. The system has a key unit and a vehicle unit. The key unit is preferably movable relative to the vehicle, i.e. mobile, and the vehicle unit is in particular firmly integrated into the vehicle, i.e. immobile relative to it. In the present case, a key unit is to be understood in particular as all units which can serve as a key, i.e. for the authentication and / or identification of the holder of the key as an authorized user. For example, a smartphone, a smart fob or even a mechanical key can be a key unit within the meaning of the invention, provided they have at least one radio module for communication with the vehicle unit. Several key units can also be provided in the system, which in turn can be designed as identical or different units.The at least one radio module of the key unit is designed in particular for communication with the vehicle unit and further in particular for sending and / or receiving preferably encrypted signals for controlling vehicle functions and authenticating and / or identifying the key unit with respect to the vehicle unit as well as for sending and / or receiving signals for determining the distance and position of the key unit relative to the vehicle unit. The at least one radio module of the key unit can, for example, be a UWB module and / or a BLE module, which are explained in more detail below with reference to the vehicle unit. According to the invention, the vehicle unit has at least one radio module which is designed to communicate with the key unit orto communicate with the radio module of the key unit and / or to determine a position of the key unit in the outside space and / or to determine a distance of the key unit in the outside space from the radio module. The distance can be determined in particular by determining the round-trip time (RTT) of a signal, i.e. the travel time of a signal from the transmitter to a receiver and back to the receiver, or by the time of flight (ToF) method. For example, the distance is determined using the signal travel time from the radio module of the vehicle unit (transmitter) to the radio module of the key unit (receiver) and / or the signal travel time from the radio module of the key unit (transmitter) to the radio module of the vehicle unit (receiver).Furthermore, the at least one radio module of the vehicle unit can have several, and in particular exactly two, receiving channels, designed as antennas, for example, and the phase difference of a signal received by both receiving channels can be measured in order to determine the direction from which the signal was received. The position of the key unit relative to the vehicle unit can then be determined from the determined signal propagation time, together with the direction or phase difference. However, if sufficient radio modules are provided, additional or alternatively other methods for determining the position, such as triangulation, are possible. It is essential for the invention that at least one of the radio modules is a UWB module.UWB modules use so-called ultra-broadband technology (UWB), which uses a frequency range with a bandwidth of at least 500 MHz or at least 20% of the arithmetic mean of the lower and upper limit frequencies of the frequency band used to transmit and / or receive signals. According to the invention, the UWB module is designed to transmit and / or receive first signals for communication with the key unit and / or for determining the position of the key unit and / or the distance of the key unit into the external space. As previously explained, the distance measurement can be determined, for example, using RTT or ToF. The position of the key unit can also be determined, as previously explained, by additionally determining the phase difference or, for example, by triangulation.It is essential to the invention that the UWB module is designed to transmit and / or receive second signals as radar pulses in addition to and in particular between the transmission and / or reception of the first signals and to detect objects in the outside space by means of the radar pulses and to determine their position and / or their movement relative to the UWB module.

[0010] This allows the UWB module to be used both for communication with the key unit and as a radar sensor, enabling a correspondingly cost-effective design, since the UWB module for communication with the key unit is already configured to send signals to the exterior, i.e., the vehicle's surroundings. A cost advantage arises in particular if the key unit uses a UWB radio module for communication with the vehicle unit and / or the vehicle unit or the key unit uses a UWB radio module for localization, i.e., to determine the position of the key unit relative to the vehicle.

[0011] Such a system makes it possible to monitor the area around a vehicle for the approach of objects, to identify the objects as living beings or persons, and to distinguish between an authorized user or several authorized users and unauthorized persons by comparing the position of the living beings / persons with the position of the key unit.

[0012] Based on this, the system can take further preventive measures to prevent, for example, damage to the vehicle or unauthorized entry into the vehicle.

[0013] An advantageous further development provides that the UWB module is designed to alternately transmit and / or receive the first signals and the second signals.

[0014] The UWB module is preferably designed to transmit and / or receive the first signals within first time intervals and the second signals within second time intervals, wherein the second time intervals each lie between two first time intervals.

[0015] Furthermore, it can be provided that the UWB module is designed to send and / or receive the first signals and / or the second signals depending on the distance from the key unit. If, for example, the key unit is so far away for a period of time that communication via the first signals is no longer possible anyway, or so close that communication via another radio module (e.g. a BLE module) is possible or is established, the UWB module can only send and / or receive second signals within this period of time. In order to be able to further determine the distance of the key unit from the vehicle unit, it is preferably provided that, optionally in addition to communication via another radio module, for example the BLE radio module, communication via the UWB module for distance determination, i.e. ranging of the key unit, takes place.

[0016] Since the UWB module in its function as a radar sensor is preferably intended to detect living beings or persons, it can be provided that the UWB module is designed to send and / or receive the second signals as radar pulses with a predetermined correlation pattern for detecting living beings as objects.

[0017] Since many modern vehicles are equipped with additional radio modules, particularly BLE modules, in addition to a UWB module, these can be integrated into the system for detecting unauthorized persons in an exterior area of ​​the vehicle. In such a variant, the vehicle unit is provided with at least two radio modules, at least one of which is a BLE module. Accordingly, the at least two radio modules are the UWB module and a BLE module. The BLE module operates according to a special form of the Bluetooth standard, which is referred to as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). The BLE module is designed to communicate with the key unit, in particular for the identification / authentication of the key unit holder and / or to determine the position of the key unit and / or to determine the distance of the key unit from the BLE module.The distance can be determined using the ToF or RTT method, for example, and the position can be determined by additional direction determination, i.e., measuring the phase difference between two receive channels. Although Bluetooth modules can generally be used instead of BLE modules, according to the Car Connectivity Consortium (CCC), only BLE modules are used in vehicle key and vehicle units at the time of registration. These modules are also used exclusively for communication for the authentication and control of the vehicle and key unit. Therefore, no distance or position determination via BLE is planned at the time of registration.

[0018] It can be provided that the UWB module and the BLE module are used for communication or identification / authentication depending on the distance of the key unit from the vehicle unit. If the BLE module is used for communication or identification / authentication with the key unit, the UWB module can be used more intensively as a radar sensor, and accordingly, fewer initial signals can be sent or shorter initial time intervals can be used for sending the initial signals.

[0019] If the vehicle unit has both a UWB module and a BLE module, the key unit in particular also has both a UWB module and a BLE module.

[0020] As already explained, according to an advantageous development, the UWB module of the vehicle unit can have at least two receiving channels, which are preferably spaced apart from one another, and is designed to determine a direction in which a detected object is located from a phase difference and / or propagation time difference between a second signal received by both receiving channels. If the direction and the distance are known, the position of the object relative to the UBW module or the vehicle unit can be determined from this. Furthermore, the vehicle unit can have a control module which is connected in terms of signal technology to the at least one radio module, e.g. to the at least one UWB module and, if present, to the at least one BLE module.Furthermore, the control module is designed to determine from a change in the position and / or movement of objects detected in the external space whether a detected object is a living being. For this purpose, for example, a movement or a change in position can be recorded or detected over time and stored. From the movements and / or changes in position, movement patterns can be determined which, for example, correspond to the breathing of a living being. If a movement pattern is detected which corresponds to the breathing movement of a human, for example, it is concluded that the object is a living being. In order to compare the determined movement patterns with known (breathing) patterns (reference patterns), such known breathing patterns can be stored in the control module.

[0021] Additionally or alternatively, however, further information, such as object size, can also be used, which can be determined by the UWB module operating as a radar sensor. Determining the object size using the UWB module is particularly possible if the UWB module has a plurality of reception channels, i.e., a plurality of antennas arranged, for example, in an array.

[0022] However, an advantageous variant provides a UWB module with exactly two reception channels on the vehicle unit, ie exactly two spaced-apart antennas.

[0023] If the system or vehicle unit has the control module, the latter can be designed to compare the position and / or distance of the key unit with the positions of objects identified as living beings. If the positions match within a predetermined tolerance and / or if the distance of the key unit and the position of the object or living being correlate within a predetermined tolerance, the living being is identified by the control unit as an authorized user. However, if the positions deviate from one another by more than a predetermined tolerance, or if the distance of the key unit and the position of the object or living being do not correlate with one another by more than a predetermined tolerance, the object or living being is identified as an unauthorized person. The correlation between the distance and the position is understood here to mean that the determined position of the object in relation to the vehicle unit orof the UWB module must lie on an imaginary circle which has a radius around the vehicle unit or the UWB module that corresponds to the distance of the key unit to the vehicle unit or the UWB module.

[0024] Based on this, the control module can be designed to trigger an alarm and / or send a message and / or control a vehicle component when certain parameters are met. The parameters can be that a. the vehicle is locked and / or not moving b. and / or no authorized user or an authorized user is identified in a predetermined long-distance area of ​​the vehicle, ie at a distance from the vehicle unit greater than a predetermined distance limit of, for example, 10 meters c. and / or at least one unauthorized person or at least one unauthorized person is identified in a predetermined short-distance area of ​​the vehicle, ie at a distance from the vehicle unit less than a predetermined distance limit of, for example, 1 meter d. and / or at least one unauthorized person is identified for a predetermined time of, for example, 60 seconds.

[0025] If a radio module determines a distance and / or position, this can always be referenced to a common coordinate origin in the vehicle or transformed to this point. The coordinate origin does not necessarily have to be located in the radio module itself, but can, for example, correspond to a geometric center of the vehicle. If a transformation of the position or distance is desired, a relative positioning of the radio module to the coordinate origin is stored in the control module, for example.

[0026] A further aspect of the invention also relates to a method for detecting unauthorized persons in an exterior space of a vehicle using a system according to the invention. The method comprises at least the following steps: a. determining a position and / or distance of the key unit from the at least one radio module; b. detecting objects by sending and / or receiving radar pulses with the UWB module and determining a position and / or movement of the objects by the UWB module; c. categorizing the objects into living beings and inanimate objects, for example, as explained above, based on an evaluation of changes in position and movement patterns determined therefrom; d.Comparison of the position and / or distance of the key unit with the position of the objects categorized as living beings. If the positions and / or the distance correlate with the position within a predetermined tolerance, the living beings are categorized as authorized users, and if the deviation is outside a certain tolerance, they are categorized as unauthorized persons. Furthermore, it can be provided that after a living being is categorized as an unauthorized person, an audible or silent alarm is triggered, for example, and / or a message is sent, for example, to the authorized user, and / or a vehicle component is activated, whereby further parameters can be required.

[0027] The features disclosed above can be combined as desired, as long as this is technically possible and they do not contradict each other.

[0028] Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are presented in more detail below, together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, with reference to the figures. They show:

[0029] Fig. 1 is a plan view of a system for detecting unauthorized persons;

[0030] Fig. 2 Method for detecting unauthorized persons in an exterior area of ​​a vehicle with input and output variants;

[0031] Fig. 3 Method for detecting unauthorized persons in an exterior area of ​​a vehicle.

[0032] The figures are schematic examples. Identical reference numerals in the figures indicate identical functional and / or structural features.

[0033] Figure 1 shows a system 1 according to the invention in a schematic plan view. A vehicle unit 10 of the system 1 is integrated into a vehicle 2. An authorized user 30 carries a key unit 20 of the system 1 and, in the illustrated situation, is located outside the vehicle 2 but within a close range of the vehicle, in which the authorized user 30 is at a distance from the vehicle unit 10 or from the vehicle 2 that is less than a predetermined distance limit 3 of, for example, one meter (1 m).

[0034] By way of example, a first unauthorized person 31 is shown in the near area of ​​the vehicle 2 and a second unauthorized person 32 is shown outside the near area, which can correspond to a far area of ​​the vehicle 2.

[0035] Both a first radio module 11 of the vehicle unit 10 and a second radio module 12 of the vehicle unit 10 are each configured to communicate with the key unit 20. The first radio module 11 is a UWB module, and the second radio module 12 is a BLE module.

[0036] In order to optimize communication with the key unit 20, the range of a possible communication with the key unit 20 and in particular to minimize energy requirements in the key unit 20, it is provided that preferably the UWB module 11 communicates with the key unit 20 exclusively for distance and / or position determination and the BLE module 12 communicates with the key unit 20 exclusively for authentication and control.

[0037] In addition to sending and receiving first signals, which are necessary for communication and in particular for "ranging", i.e. for determining distance and position with the key unit 20, the UWB module 11 is designed to send and receive second signals as radar pulses into the exterior space or into the surroundings of the vehicle 2, so that the UWB module 11 functions as a radar sensor by sending and receiving the second signals. The UWB module 11 has two spaced-apart reception channels, i.e. two spaced-apart receivers, so that upon receipt of a second signal previously sent as a radar pulse, the phase difference is determined, the direction from which the second signal was received is determined and, in particular, in conjunction with the distance that can be determined, for example, from the required propagation time, the position of objects located thereby can be calculated.

[0038] As part of the communication with the key unit 20, the UWB module 11 can use suitable methods (e.g. RTT or ToF) to determine the distance of the key unit 20 from the respective radio module 11, 12 or from the vehicle unit 10 or a coordinate origin defined in the area of ​​the vehicle 2 or the position of the key unit 20 relative to the UWB module 11 or the coordinate origin, which is referred to as “ranging”.

[0039] For further processing of the data or information determined by the UWB module 11 and the BLE module 12, the system 1, and more precisely the vehicle unit 10, has a control module 13, which is signal-connected to the UWB module 11 and the BLE module 12 and is further configured to control one or more vehicle components 14. The vehicle component 14 can also be controlled by means of signals transmitted via a vehicle bus.

[0040] To the extent that the radio modules 11, 12 are understood as pure transmitting and receiving modules that only generate raw data by transmitting and receiving the respective signals, additional tasks, such as determining a distance and / or determining a position from the raw data generated by the radio modules 11, 12, can also be performed by the control module 13. For example, the UWB module 11 sends distance values ​​for the values ​​determined by the first signals and distance and direction values ​​for the second signals acting as radar pulses to the control module 13.

[0041] During ranging, i.e. when determining the distance of the key unit 20 using the first signals of the UWB module 11, the control module 13 calculates the position of the key unit 20.

[0042] If objects have been detected by the UWB module 11 using the second signals, their positions as well as their position changes or their movements are stored and analyzed by the control module 13, so that a movement pattern is generated for each object and stored in the control module 13.

[0043] The movement patterns and, if applicable, also the size of the individual objects are compared by the control module 13 with reference patterns stored in the control module 13, which reference patterns can also be stored, for example, as mathematical functions and / or with tolerances and which are typical, for example, for the breathing movement of living beings, in particular humans.

[0044] From the UWB module 11, which operates as a radar sensor, movement patterns can be recorded, evaluated and accordingly determined or classified as to whether the detected objects are living beings, in particular humans.

[0045] If objects have been classified as living beings or people, the control module 13 compares their position with the position of the key unit 20. If the positions match within a predetermined tolerance of, for example, 50 cm, the living being is classified as an authorized user 30. If the positions differ from one another by more than the tolerance, the objects are classified as unauthorized persons 31, 32. If the exact position of the key unit 20 or the living being is not known, the distance from the radio module 11, 12 or to the vehicle unit 10 can be used. If the distance of the key unit 20 correlates with the position of the object classified as a living being / human, i.e. if the position of the object lies within a predetermined tolerance on a circle around the coordinate origin to which the position of the object refers, it is assumed that the object is the authorized user 30.The radius of the circle corresponds to the distance of the key unit 20 to the coordinate origin or to the radio module 11, 12 or the vehicle unit 10. If this applies to two living beings / people, this is irrelevant, since it is clear that one is the authorized user 30 and the other is an unauthorized person 31, 32 and appropriate measures can be taken based on this.

[0046] A distinction is also made as to whether the authorized user 30 or the unauthorized persons 31, 32 are in a close range around the vehicle 2, for example at a distance 3 of a maximum of 1 m around the vehicle, or in a distant range.

[0047] The control module 13 can then, depending on parameters or conditions determined by the method, trigger various functions, e.g. an alarm or the sending of a message, or control a vehicle component 14, such as headlights, a horn, a locking mechanism or a mobile radio module of the vehicle 2.

[0048] Furthermore, the distance of the object from the vehicle 2 can also be taken into account before classifying the objects as an authorized user 30 or an unauthorized person 31, 32, since a classification as an authorized user 30 or an unauthorized person 31, 32 is preferably only necessary if a living being or a person approaches the vehicle 2 or is within the immediate vicinity of the vehicle 2.

[0049] Information that is processed here as well as possible measures are shown as an example in Figure 2, whereby one or more of the information (input blocks 101 to 105) can lead to one or more measures (107 to 111), which depends on the algorithm or method 106.

[0050] The unauthorized person detection method 106 may, for example, be based on the following input:

[0051] 101 If a living being has been detected (as detected by the UWB module 11 and classified by the control module 13)

[0052] 102 Position of the living being (as detected by the UWB module 11 and determined by the control module 13)

[0053] 103 Residence time of the living being, particularly in the vicinity of the vehicle 2

[0054] 104 The vehicle unit 10 communicates with the key unit 20 (via a radio module 11, 12)

[0055] 105 Position and / or distance of the key unit 20 (as detected by the UWB module 11 and / or the BLE module 12 and determined by the control module 13)

[0056] If conditions or parameters set by process 106 are met, the following output can be triggered based on this, for example:

[0057] 107 Triggering an alarm 108 Controlling vehicle lighting (e.g. permanently on or flashing)

[0058] 109 Activating a vehicle camera system 2

[0059] 110 Controlling the horn of vehicle 2

[0060] 111 Sending a message (e.g. via mobile radio) to the key unit 10 and / or the authorized user 30

[0061] The measures taken, ie the output, can escalate depending on the conditions defined in procedure 106. These conditions can be, for example:

[0062] • If the position of the key unit 20 is equal to the position of the only living being, ie the only living being is the authorized user 30 or the authorized user 30 in the vicinity of the vehicle 2, no action is taken.

[0063] • If (at least in the close range) only unauthorized persons 31 , 32 are detected and they remain at a distance of less than 1 m from the vehicle 2 (in the close range) for up to 10 seconds, the vehicle lighting is switched on permanently.

[0064] • If (at least in the close range) only unauthorized persons 31 , 32 are detected and are less than 1 m away from the vehicle 2 (in the close range) for up to 30 seconds, the vehicle lighting is activated to flash.

[0065] • If (at least in the close range) only unauthorized persons 31, 32 are detected and they remain at a distance of less than 1 m from vehicle 2 (in the close range) for up to 60 seconds, the horn of vehicle 2 is activated. • If (at least in the close range) only unauthorized persons 31, 32 are detected and they remain at a distance of less than 1 m from vehicle 2 (in the close range) for longer than 60 seconds, a message is sent to the key unit 20 and / or a stored telephone number (e.g. mobile number of an authorized user 30).

[0066] The process leading to the measures (output) with the steps processing the information or input is shown as an example in Figure 3. The representation of the process is based on a flowchart, whereby the process at the decision nodes depends on whether the respective prerequisites are met (0 = prerequisites not met or "no"; 1 = prerequisites met or "yes"):

[0067] A Start of the procedure

[0068] B Sending and receiving the second signals as radar pulses using the UWB module 11, detecting and recording the resulting movement patterns and classifying the detected objects as living beings / humans (or inanimate objects)

[0069] C Was a living being / human detected?

[0070] D Determining the position of the living being / human (by the control module 13)

[0071] E Determining the residence time of the living being / human within a predetermined area around the vehicle 2 or at a distance from the vehicle less than a predetermined limit, in particular in the vicinity of the vehicle 2

[0072] F Does the vehicle unit 10 communicate with the key unit 20 via a radio module 11, 12? G Determining the position of the key unit 20

[0073] H Does the position of key unit 20 correspond to the position of the living being / human?

[0074] J Living being / human is authorized user 30; No further action, optional jump to step A

[0075] K If the vehicle unit 10 does not communicate with the key unit 20 via a radio module 11, 12 or if the position of the key unit 20 does not correspond to the position of the living being / person, is the living being an unauthorized person 31, 32. For example, does the unauthorized person stay within a predetermined distance of, in particular, 1 m from the vehicle 2 (in the close range) for up to or longer than 10 seconds?

[0076] L Control of vehicle lighting (permanently on)

[0077] M Does the unauthorized person, for example, stay within a predetermined distance of, in particular, 1 m from vehicle 2 (in close range) for up to or longer than 30 seconds?

[0078] N Control of vehicle lights (flashing)

[0079] O For example, does the unauthorized person stay within a predetermined distance of, in particular, 1 m from vehicle 2 (in close range) for up to or longer than 60 seconds?

[0080] P Control the horn of vehicle 2

[0081] R Is the unauthorized person, for example, within a predetermined distance of 1 m from vehicle 2 (in close range) for more than 60 seconds? S Sending a message to the key unit 20 and / or a stored phone number (e.g., mobile number of an authorized user 30)

[0082] For the decision nodes K, M, O and R, the time recording is reset and a jump to step A occurs when the unauthorized person 31, 32 leaves at least the immediate area around the vehicle 2.

[0083] The measures and conditions are preferably illustrative. For example, the vehicle lighting can be activated when an unauthorized person 31, 32 is not yet in the vicinity but is within another predetermined distance for a predetermined period of time, or is approaching the vicinity based on the movement pattern.

Claims

Patent claims 1 . System (1 ) for detecting unauthorized persons (31 , 32) in an exterior space of a vehicle (2), comprising a key unit (20) and a vehicle unit (10), wherein the vehicle unit (10) has at least one radio module (11 , 12), which is designed to communicate with the key unit (20) in the outside space and / or to determine a position of the key unit (20) in the outside space and / or to determine a distance of the key unit (20) in the outside space from the radio module (11, 12), wherein at least one of the radio modules (11, 12) is a UWB module (11) which is designed to send and / or receive first signals for communication with the key unit (20) and / or position determination of the key unit (20) and / or distance determination of the key unit (20) in the outside space, characterized in that the UWB module (11) is designed to send and / or receive second signals as radar pulses and to detect objects in the outside space by means of the radar pulses and to determine their position and / or their movement relative to the UWB module.

2. System according to claim 1, wherein the UWB module (11) is designed to transmit and / or receive the first signals and / or the second signals depending on the distance of the key unit (20), and / or wherein the UWB module (11) is designed to transmit and / or receive the first signals and the second signals alternately, and / or wherein the UWB module (11) is designed to transmit the first To send and / or receive signals within first time intervals and the second signals within second time intervals, each of which lies between two first time intervals.

3. System according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the UWB module (11) is designed to transmit and / or receive the second signals as radar pulses with a predetermined correlation pattern for detecting living beings as objects.

4. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the vehicle unit (10) has at least two radio modules (11, 12), wherein at least one of the radio modules (11, 12) is a BLE module (12) which is designed to communicate with the key unit (20) and / or to determine the position of the key unit (20) and / or to determine a distance of the key unit (20) from the radio module (11, 12).

5. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the UWB module (11) has at least two receiving channels and is designed to determine a direction in which a detected object lies from a phase difference between a second signal received by both receiving channels.

6. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the vehicle unit (10) has a control module (13) which is connected to the at least one radio module (11, 12) by signaling and is designed to determine from a change in the position and / or a movement of objects detected in the exterior space whether a detected object is a living being.

7. System according to the preceding claim, wherein the control module (13) is designed to compare the position and / or the distance of the key unit (20) with positions of objects identified as living beings and, if the positions match and / or if the distance to the position correlates within a predetermined tolerance, to identify the object as an authorized user (30) and / or, if the positions deviate and / or if the correlation of the distance to the position deviates outside a predetermined tolerance, to identify the object as an unauthorized person (31, 32).

8. System according to the preceding claim, wherein the control module (13) is designed to trigger an alarm and / or send a message and / or control a vehicle component (14) when the vehicle (2) is locked and / or not moving and / or no authorized user (30) or an authorized user (30) is identified in a predetermined long-range area of ​​the vehicle and / or at least one unauthorized person (31, 32) or at least one unauthorized person (31, 32) is identified in a predetermined short-range area of ​​the vehicle and / or at least one unauthorized person (31, 32) is identified for a predetermined time.

9. A method for detecting unauthorized persons (31, 32) in an exterior space of a vehicle (2) with a system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps: a. Determining a position and / or distance of the key unit (20) from the at least one radio module (11, 12); b. Detecting objects by transmitting and / or receiving radar pulses with the UWB module (11) and determining a position and / or movement of the objects by the UWB module (11); c. Categorizing the objects into living beings and inanimate objects; d. Comparing the position and / or distance of the key unit with the position of the objects categorized as living beings, wherein the living beings are categorized as an authorized user (30) if the positions match and / or the distance correlates with the position within a predetermined tolerance, and as an unauthorized person (31, 32) if the deviation lies outside a certain tolerance.

10. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein after categorising a living being as an unauthorized person (31, 32) an alarm is triggered and / or a message is sent and / or a vehicle component (14) is activated. * * * * *

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