Method for operating a sanitary fitting and sanitary fitting

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a sanitary fitting (1) and a sanitary fitting (1) comprising at least: - the sanitary fitting (1) with ∘ a mixing device (2), ∘ a hot water supply line (3), ∘ a cold water supply line (4) and ∘ a mixed water line (5), wherein a liquid (6) supplied via the hot water supply line (3) and the cold water supply line (4) can be mixed via the mixing device (2) and conveyed via the mixed water line (5) to at least one dispensing device (7); ∘ a control unit (8), wherein at least one volume flow (9) of the liquid (6) flowing through the mixed water line (5) can be controlled via the control unit (8); wherein the method comprises at least the following steps: a) operation of the sanitary fitting (1), wherein the liquid (6) flows via the mixing device (2) to the dispensing device (7); b) determination of a parameter of the operation by the control unit (8);and if a limit value (10) defined for the parameter is exceeded; c) time-limited change of the volume flow rate (9) flowing out via the dispensing device (7) by the control unit (8).;

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for operating a sanitary fitting and a sanitary fitting. The sanitary fitting is used in particular for supplying a liquid to a washbasin, sink, shower, and / or bathtub.

[0002] In the present case, a sanitary fitting is understood to mean an assembly which has a sanitary fitting accessible to a user (e.g. comprising at least one line which has an inlet and an outlet for conducting a volume flow of a liquid, as well as an operating element for initiating a volume flow and / or for regulating at least one parameter of the volume flow to a value).

[0003] Sanitary facilities such as showers, sinks, bathtubs, or washbasins are typically supplied with fresh water from a domestic connection. The fresh water can be provided as cold water, hot water, or mixed water. The sanitary facility typically includes a plumbing fixture that can typically produce mixed water of the desired temperature using the fresh cold water and the fresh hot water, and make it available for use in or at the sanitary facility.

[0004] It is known to alert a user to energy consumption when using a sanitary facility or operating a sanitary fitting. This is done, for example, via a visual indicator (display, mobile phone, etc.) and / or via optical signals. Such indicators or lighting must be provided to implement such functions.

[0005] The object of the invention is therefore to at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art and, in particular, to propose a sanitary fitting or a method for its operation that provides a user with an alternative way to alert them, for example, to energy consumption. In particular, the additional equipment required for this function is to be reduced.

[0006] These objects are achieved with a method for operating a sanitary fitting according to the features of independent patent claim 1 and with a sanitary fitting according to the features of independent patent claim 7. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent patent claims. It should be noted that the features listed individually in the dependent patent claims can be combined with one another in any technologically expedient manner and define further embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, the features listed in the patent claims are further specified and explained in the description, with further preferred embodiments of the invention being presented.

[0007] A method for operating a sanitary fitting is proposed, comprising at least: a sanitary fitting with ∘ a mixing device, ∘ a hot water supply line, ∘ a cold water supply line and ∘ a mixed water line, wherein a liquid supplied via the hot water supply line and the cold water supply line can be mixed via the mixing device and can be directed via the mixed water line to at least one dispensing device; ∘ a control unit, wherein at least one volume flow of the liquid flowing through the mixed water line can be regulated via the control unit.

[0008] The procedure includes at least the following steps: a) Operation of the sanitary fitting, with the liquid flowing via the mixing device to the dispensing device; b) Determination of an operating parameter by the control unit; and, if a limit value defined for the parameter is exceeded: c) Time-limited change of the volume flow flowing out via the dispensing device by the control unit.

[0009] The above (non-exhaustive) division of the process steps into a) to c) is primarily intended to serve as a distinction and does not enforce any order and / or dependency. The frequency of the process steps, e.g. during the installation and / or operation of the sanitary fitting, can also vary. It is also possible that process steps overlap one another at least partially. Process steps b) and c) particularly preferably take place during step a). In particular, steps a) to c) are carried out in the order listed. In particular, step c) is only carried out if it is determined in step b) whether a condition is met. As long as the condition is not met, the sanitary fitting is operated according to step a) or operation is terminated (e.g. because a period of time has elapsed or a user stops operating the sanitary fitting).

[0010] In particular, steps a) and b) are carried out continuously, or step b) (whenever) the sanitary fitting is operated in accordance with step a).

[0011] Step a) specifically includes the operation of the sanitary fitting, with the fluid flowing from the supply lines through the mixing device and through the mixed water line to the dispensing device (outlet, shower head, etc.). The sanitary fitting is "in operation" when a volume flow is flowing at least through the mixed water line to the dispensing device.

[0012] Step b) specifically involves the control unit determining an operating parameter. "Determining" means monitoring this parameter (i.e., measuring / estimating / deriving it from other parameters).

[0013] The control unit is particularly designed to regulate a volume flow of the liquid flowing at least through the mixed water line. In particular, the control unit can actuate, for example, a valve of the mixing device and / or the sanitary fitting. The valve can be designed as an adjustable orifice, throttle, or other type of volume flow adjustment device.

[0014] The control unit is also designed specifically for detecting and monitoring at least one parameter. In particular, the control unit can detect when a defined limit value for the parameter is exceeded.

[0015] Step c) comprises, in particular, a temporary change in the volume flow by the control unit if it was determined in step b) that a limit value defined for the parameter is exceeded. In particular, the volume flow is only changed to the extent that a user can notice this change. For example, the volume flow can be reduced or increased once or several times in succession for a short period of time (i.e., for a limited period of time, e.g., for less than one second, in particular between 0.1 and one second) (e.g., by at least 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, or at most 30% of the currently prevailing volume flow).

[0016] In particular, the flow rate is not interrupted, but rather adjusted to a higher or lower flow rate, which is always greater than zero liters / minute. After the flow rate change, the flow rate is adjusted back to the previously set flow rate or reset.

[0017] By changing the flow rate, a user of the sanitary fitting can be easily informed that the parameter's limit has been reached or exceeded. The change can be generated, for example, via the existing components of the sanitary fitting, without the need for displays, lighting, or similar devices.

[0018] In particular, the parameter is at least a duration of the current operation of the sanitary fitting, an energy consumption of the current operation of the sanitary fitting or an amount of fluid consumed during the current operation of the sanitary fitting.

[0019] In particular, the duration of the current operation can be recorded using a timer. This allows, in particular, the duration during which the volume flow through the combined water pipe can be recorded. In particular, interruptions in the volume flow can occur, whereby these are then in particular shorter than five minutes, preferably shorter than one minute. The interruption itself is then not counted towards the duration; instead, the counting of the duration is interrupted. If an interruption exceeds the specified duration (five or one minute), the duration is recalculated (i.e., starting from zero).

[0020] In particular, the temperature of the volume flow during current operation can be recorded as a parameter or used to determine the parameter. The temperature can be recorded at the hot water supply line, the mixed water line, or in the mixing device, or measured using a temperature sensor.

[0021] Energy consumption is, in particular, a parameter suitable for determining the energy required to heat the amount of liquid dispensed via the dispensing device during current operation. For example, the amount of liquid and the temperature (average temperature, if applicable) of the volume flow dispensed via the dispensing device during current operation can be determined, measured, or estimated.

[0022] For energy consumption, for example, the amount of liquid transferred from the hot water supply to the dispensing device is taken into account. Energy consumption is only assumed if the temperature of the liquid dispensed via the dispensing device exceeds an ambient temperature or a predetermined temperature. The predetermined temperature can, for example, be the temperature of the liquid from the cold water supply. The predetermined temperature can also be a preset temperature, which is stored, for example, in the control unit and can be changed if necessary.

[0023] In particular, energy consumption is not a concrete indication of the amount of energy in joules required to heat the amount of liquid dispensed via the dispensing device during current operation, but rather a guideline for energy consumption determined in a specific way. For example, this value is higher the longer a high-temperature volume flow flows through the dispensing device, and lower the smaller the amount of liquid dispensed or the lower its temperature.

[0024] Energy consumption can be determined differently, particularly depending on ambient conditions (cold water temperature, ambient temperature, etc.).

[0025] In particular, the energy consumption can be specified as zero (zero joules) if the temperature of the liquid dispensed via the dispensing device is below or equal to the ambient temperature or the predetermined temperature.

[0026] In particular, the amount of fluid consumed during the current operation of the sanitary fitting can be recorded as a parameter. For example, a volume flow through the mixed water line and / or the hot and / or cold water supply line can be recorded, e.g., via a volume flow sensor.

[0027] In particular, the energy consumption is determined based on the temperature of the fluid consumed during the current operation of the sanitary fitting and on the amount of fluid consumed during the current operation of the sanitary fitting.

[0028] In particular, a currently existing flow rate has a value, e.g., 20 liters / minute or similar. In particular, the change in the flow rate comprises at least a reduction or an increase in the current flow rate, with the flow rate being reset to the value immediately after the change. The change in the flow rate therefore serves only as a signal to the user of the sanitary fitting and is not intended to include or cause any (permanent) change in the operating parameters set by the user (flow rate, temperature, etc.).

[0029] In particular, a drive wheel of a generator that can be driven by the volume flow is arranged at least in one of the lines, wherein the drive wheel generates an electric current that is used at least partially to operate the control unit.

[0030] This makes it possible to provide an energy-autonomous system that does not need to be connected to an external power supply.

[0031] The drive wheel can also be used to measure the volume flow.

[0032] The power generated by the generator can in particular also be fed to a battery or accumulator or used in addition to a battery or accumulator (or an external power supply) to operate the control unit.

[0033] In particular, the limit value is stored in the control unit and can be changed for future operation of the sanitary fitting via an interface (e.g., a display, mobile phone, tablet, computer, etc.). In particular, or alternatively, the limit value can be changed via a screw, a rotary knob, or a slider.

[0034] In particular, a specific use or application can be selected before the current operation of the sanitary fitting, e.g., "hand washing," "foot bath," "showering," or "bathing," etc., so that a limit value intended or defined for the application can be selected for the subsequent current operation. The control unit can then take the new or selected limit value into account.

[0035] It is further proposed a sanitary fitting comprising at least a mixing device, a hot water supply line, a cold water supply line, and a mixed water line, wherein a liquid supplied via the hot water supply line and the cold water supply line can be mixed via the mixing device and directed via the mixed water line to at least one dispensing device; a control unit, wherein at least one volume flow flowing through the mixed water line can be regulated via the control unit.

[0036] The control unit is equipped, configured or programmed or suitably designed to carry out the described method.

[0037] In particular, the sanitary fitting additionally comprises at least one volume flow sensor for detecting the volume flow flowing through the mixed water line or a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the volume flow flowing through the mixed water line. Preferably, the sanitary fitting comprises both the volume flow sensor and the temperature sensor.

[0038] In particular, the sanitary fitting additionally has a drive wheel of a generator arranged in the mixed water pipe and driven by the volume flow, by means of which an electric current can be generated, via which the control unit can be operated at least partially.

[0039] In particular, the control unit is designed to operate a valve of the sanitary fitting, whereby at least the volume flow through the mixed water pipe can be regulated by operating the valve.

[0040] Sanitary facilities (which may, for example, use the sanitary fitting described here), such as showers, sinks, bathtubs, or washbasins, are typically supplied with fresh water from a domestic connection. The fresh water is provided as cold water and as hot water to the sanitary facility. The sanitary facility typically includes a sanitary fitting, which can typically produce mixed water of the desired temperature using the fresh cold water and the fresh hot water and make it available for use in or at the sanitary facility.

[0041] The sanitary facility is, in particular, a device for a person's personal hygiene or for dispensing water for other uses. For this purpose, the sanitary facility can, for example, be designed in the manner of a shower or bathtub or even as a washbasin and / or be located in a sanitary room, such as a bathroom, or in a kitchen. The sanitary facility can also be used for therapeutic applications. The sanitary facility has at least one sanitary fitting with a dispensing device for a liquid. A liquid, in particular water, can be dispensed into (at least) one basin of the sanitary facility through at least one outlet of the dispensing device.

[0042] The basin can be designed, in particular, in the manner of a shower tray, a bathtub, or a washbasin. Furthermore, the basin can be arranged or attached in a stationary manner, for example, to a building floor. In particular, the basin has a drain for the liquid. The liquid can be fed, in particular, to a public sewer system via the drain.

[0043] The sanitary fitting further comprises, in particular, a thermostat (in the simplest embodiment, a mixing device without its own temperature control), by means of which hot water and cold water can be mixed to form a temperate mixed water. The hot water and cold water are each fresh water and can be mixed by the thermostat to form mixed water with a desired mixed water temperature. A hot water temperature of the hot water can, in particular, be a maximum of 90 °C (degrees Celsius), preferably 25 °C to 90 °C, particularly preferably 55 °C to 65 °C, and / or a cold water temperature of the cold water can, in particular, be a maximum of 25 °C (degrees Celsius), preferably 1 °C to 25 °C, particularly preferably 5 °C to 20 °C. The desired temperature of the liquid dispensed via the dispensing device can, for example, be 30 °C to 50 °C, preferably 35 °C to 45 °C, particularly preferably 35 °C to 40 °C.

[0044] The hot water can be supplied to the thermostat, for example, from a hot water source, such as a boiler, a (private and / or local) solar thermal system, or a heat pump, via a hot water supply line, and / or the cold water from a cold water source, such as a building water connection, a public water supply network, or a (private / local) well, via a cold water supply line. The hot water supply line and / or cold water supply line can be designed at least partially in the manner of a pipeline. Furthermore, the hot water supply line and / or cold water supply line can run at least partially through a building wall and / or a building floor. The thermostat can have a hot water inlet for the hot water and / or a cold water inlet for the cold water. The hot water supply line can be connected to the hot water inlet and / or the cold water supply line can be connected to the cold water inlet.In addition, the thermostat can be located at least partially in the building wall or the building floor.

[0045] The mixed water pipe can be designed at least partially in the manner of a pipe and / or hose line and can be fluidly connected to the mixing device of the sanitary fitting.

[0046] The desired temperature or volume flow of the liquid delivered via the sanitary fitting can be adjusted by a user of the sanitary fitting, for example via an actuating element of the sanitary fitting.

[0047] In particular, at least one data processing system is provided which has means which are suitably equipped, configured or programmed to carry out the method or which carry out the method.

[0048] In particular, the control system comprises a data processing system, e.g. a control unit, which has means for carrying out the steps of the method and / or which has means that are suitably equipped, configured or programmed to carry out the steps of the method or that carry out the method.

[0049] The means comprise, for example, a processor and a memory in which instructions to be executed by the processor are stored, as well as data lines or transmission devices that enable a transmission of instructions, measured values, data or the like between the mentioned elements (e.g. between the control unit and a sensor, e.g. a temperature sensor and / or a volume flow sensor, and / or a valve).

[0050] The "means" may in particular comprise one or more of the following components: controller(s), microcontroller, data memory, data connection, display devices (such as a display), counter or timer, at least one further sensor, an energy source, etc.

[0051] A computer program is further proposed, comprising instructions which, when the computer program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the described method or the steps of the described method.

[0052] Furthermore, a computer-readable storage medium is proposed, comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the described method or the steps of the described method.

[0053] The statements regarding the method are particularly applicable to the sanitary fitting, the data processing system and / or the computer-implemented method (i.e. the computer program and the computer-readable storage medium) and vice versa.

[0054] The use of indefinite articles ("a," "an," "one," and "another"), particularly in the patent claims and the description reproducing them, is to be understood as such and not as a numeral. Terms or components introduced accordingly are therefore to be understood as being present at least once and, in particular, as being able to be present multiple times.

[0055] The invention and the technical environment are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figure. It should be noted that the invention is not intended to be limited by the exemplary embodiments cited. In particular, it should be noted that the figure and, in particular, the proportions depicted are merely schematic.

[0056] Fig. 1 shows a sanitary fitting.

[0057] Fig. 1shows a sanitary fitting 1 with a mixing device 2, a hot water supply line 3, a cold water supply line 4, and a mixed water line 5, wherein a liquid 6 supplied via the hot water supply line 3 and the cold water supply line 4 can be mixed via the mixing device 2 and directed via the mixed water line 5 to at least one dispensing device 7. Furthermore, the sanitary fitting 1 has a control unit 8, wherein at least one volume flow 9 flowing through the mixed water line 5 can be regulated via the control unit 8.

[0058] The sanitary fitting 1 additionally has a volume flow sensor 15 for detecting the volume flow 9 flowing through the mixed water pipe 5 and a temperature sensor 16 for detecting the temperature of the volume flow 9 flowing through the mixed water pipe 5.

[0059] Furthermore, the sanitary fitting 1 additionally has a drive wheel 11 of a generator 12 arranged in the mixed water pipe 5 and drivable by the volume flow 9, by means of which an electric current 13 can be generated, via which the control unit 8 can be operated at least partially.

[0060] The control unit 8 is designed to actuate a valve 17 of the sanitary fitting 1 or the mixing device 2, wherein the volume flow 9 through the mixed water pipe 5 can be regulated by actuating the valve 17.

[0061] Step a) of the method comprises the operation of the sanitary fitting 1, wherein the liquid 6 flows from the supply lines 3, 4 via the mixing device 2 and through the mixed water line 5 to the dispensing device 7 (outlet, shower head, shower head, etc.). The sanitary fitting 1 is "in operation" when a volume flow 9 flows at least through the mixed water line 5 to the dispensing device 7.

[0062] Step b) involves determining a parameter of the operation by the control unit 8. Determining means that this parameter is monitored (i.e. measured / estimated / derived from other parameters).

[0063] The control unit 8 is designed to regulate a volume flow 9 of the liquid flowing at least through the mixed water line 5. The control unit 8 can actuate a valve 17 of the mixing device 2 or the sanitary fitting 1.

[0064] The control unit 8 is also designed to detect and monitor at least one parameter. The control unit 8 can detect when a limit value 10 defined for the parameter is exceeded.

[0065] The limit value 10 is stored in the control unit 8 and can be changed via an interface 14 (e.g., a display, a mobile phone, a tablet, a computer, or similar) for future operation of the sanitary fitting 1. The limit value 10 can alternatively be changed via a screw, a rotary knob, or a slider, which can also be considered an interface 14 (between the user and the control unit 8).

[0066] Step c) involves changing the volume flow 9 by the control unit 8. The volume flow 9 is changed only to the extent that a user can notice this change. For example, the volume flow 9 can be reduced or increased once or several times in succession for a short period of time (e.g., for less than one second) (e.g., by at least 2% or by a maximum of 30% of the current volume flow 9).

[0067] There is no interruption of the volume flow 9, but only a change to a higher or lower volume flow 9, which is always greater than zero liters / minute.

[0068] By changing the volume flow 9, a user of the sanitary fitting 1 can be easily given a signal that the limit value 10 of the parameter has been reached or exceeded. The change can be generated, for example, via the existing components of the sanitary fitting 1, without the need for displays, lighting, or the like. A temperature of the volume flow 9 can be recorded during current operation as a parameter or to determine the parameter. The temperature can be recorded at the hot water supply line 3 or at the mixed water line 5 or in the mixing device 2 or measured via a temperature sensor 16.

[0069] Energy consumption is a parameter suitable for determining the energy required to heat the amount of liquid dispensed via the dispensing device 7 during the current operation. For example, the amount of liquid and the temperature (average temperature, if applicable) of the volume flow 9 dispensed via the dispensing device 7 during the current operation can be determined, measured, or estimated.

[0070] For energy consumption, for example, the amount of liquid 6 transferred from the hot water supply line 3 to the dispensing device 7 is taken into account. Energy consumption is only assumed if the temperature of the liquid 6 dispensed via the dispensing device 7 exceeds an ambient temperature or a predetermined temperature. The predetermined temperature can, for example, be the temperature of the liquid 6 from the cold water supply line 4. The predetermined temperature can also be a preset temperature, which is stored, for example, in the control unit 8 and can be changed if necessary.

[0071] In particular, the energy consumption is not a concrete indication of the amount of energy in joules required to heat the amount of liquid dispensed via the dispensing device 7 during the current operation of the sanitary fitting 1, but rather a guideline value for energy consumption determined in a specific way. For example, this value is higher the longer a high-temperature volume flow 9 flows through the dispensing device 7, and lower the smaller the amount of liquid dispensed or the lower its temperature.

[0072] The amount of fluid consumed during the current operation of the sanitary fitting 1 can be recorded as a parameter. For example, a volume flow 9 through the mixed water line 5 and / or the hot water supply line 3 and / or the cold water supply line 4 can be recorded, e.g., via a volume flow sensor 15.

[0073] The energy consumption is determined based on the temperature of the liquid 6 consumed during the current operation of the sanitary fitting 1 and on the amount of liquid consumed during the current operation of the sanitary fitting 1.

[0074] By changing the flow rate 9, a user of the sanitary fitting 1 can be easily given a signal that the limit value 10 of the parameter has been reached or exceeded. The change can be generated, for example, via the existing components of the sanitary fitting 1, without the need for displays, lighting, or similar devices. This provides a simple way to indicate to a user that the energy consumption intended for personal hygiene or generally considered sufficient has been reached or exceeded. List of reference symbols

[0075] 1Sanitary fitting 2Mixing device 3Hot water supply line 4Cold water supply line 5Mixed water line 6Liquid 7Dispensing device 8Control unit 9Flow rate 10Limit value 11Drive wheel 12Generator 13Current 14Interface 15Flow rate sensor 16Temperature sensor 17Valve

Claims

1. A method for operating a sanitary fitting (1), at least comprising: - the sanitary fitting (1) with ∘ a mixing device (2), ∘ a hot water supply line (3), ∘ a cold water supply line (4) and ∘ a mixed water line (5), wherein a liquid (6) supplied via the hot water supply line (3) and the cold water supply line (4) can be mixed via the mixing device (2) and conducted via the mixed water line (5) to at least one dispensing device (7); ∘ a control unit (8), wherein at least one volume flow (9) of the liquid (6) flowing through the mixed water line (5) can be regulated via the control unit (8); wherein the method comprises at least the following steps: a) operation of the sanitary fitting (1), wherein the liquid (6) flows via the mixing device (2) to the dispensing device (7); b) determination of an operating parameter by the control unit (8); and if a limit value (10) defined for the parameter is exceeded;c) time-limited change of the volume flow (9) flowing out via the discharge device (7) by the control unit (8); 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the parameter is at least - a duration of the current operation of the sanitary fitting (1); - an energy consumption of the current operation of the sanitary fitting (1); or - a quantity of liquid consumed during the current operation of the sanitary fitting (1).

3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the energy consumption is determined based on the temperature of the liquid (6) consumed during the current operation of the sanitary fitting (1) and on the amount of liquid consumed during the current operation of the sanitary fitting (1).

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a currently existing volume flow (9) has a value; wherein the change in the volume flow (9) comprises at least a reduction or an increase in the current volume flow (9), wherein immediately after the change, the volume flow (9) is reset to the value.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a drive wheel (11) of a generator (12) which can be driven by the volume flow (9) is arranged at least in one of the lines (3, 4, 5), wherein an electric current (13) is generated by the generator (12) which is used at least partially to operate the control unit (8).

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the limit value (10) is stored in the control unit (8) and is changed via an interface (14) for future operation of the sanitary fitting (1).

7. Sanitary fitting (1), comprising at least - a mixing device (2); - a hot water supply line (3); - a cold water supply line (4); - a mixed water line (5), wherein a liquid (6) supplied via the hot water supply line (3) and the cold water line (4) can be mixed via the mixing device (2) and conducted via the mixed water line (5) to at least one dispensing device (7); and - a control unit (8), wherein at least one volume flow (9) flowing through the mixed water line (5) can be regulated via the control unit (8); wherein the control unit (8) is designed to carry out the method according to one of the preceding patent claims.

8. Sanitary fitting (1) according to claim 6, additionally comprising at least one volume flow sensor (15) for detecting the volume flow (9) flowing through the mixed water pipe (5) or a temperature sensor (16) for detecting the temperature of the volume flow (9) flowing through the mixed water pipe (5).

9. Sanitary fitting (1) according to one of the preceding claims 6 and 7, additionally comprising a drive wheel (11) of a generator (12) arranged in the mixed water line (5) and drivable by the volume flow (9), by means of which an electric current (13) can be generated, via which the control unit (8) can be at least partially operated.

10. Sanitary fitting (2) according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 9, wherein the control unit (8) is designed to actuate a valve (17) of the sanitary fitting (1), wherein the volume flow (9) through the mixed water line (5) can be regulated via the actuation of the valve (17).

Images