Multilayer wall intended to cover a wall of a structure and comprising a vacuum insulation layer

Abstract

The invention relates to a multilayer wall (1) intended to cover a wall (3, 30) of a structure (2) having an inner face (4) oriented towards the interior of the structure (2), the multilayer wall (1) comprising a vacuum insulation layer (6) covering the inner face (4) of the wall (3) and a covering partition (8, 8') configured to withstand loads. The multilayer wall (1) comprises an anti-drilling protective layer (9) configured to resist the drilling of holes, the anti-drilling protective layer (9) being positioned between the vacuum insulation layer (6) and the covering partition (8, 8') in order to protect the vacuum insulation layer (6) when drilling a hole through the covering partition (8, 8').

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the building sector and relates more particularly to the thermal insulation of structures, such as a house, a building or a building, from the inside of the structure and to a method of constructing an insulated multi-layer wall.

[0002] It is known to use BA13 plasterboard partitions including insulation made of polystyrene, rock wool, glass wool, open-cell polyurethane (or polyurethane foam), for example, to insulate the walls of a structure from the inside.

[0003] However, this solution results in a loss of living space due to the significant thickness of the partitions, which can be around 150 mm. This is particularly problematic in dense urban areas.

[0004] To reduce the thickness of insulation, it is known to use vacuum insulation panels (VIP) instead of plasterboard partitions. This allows for a significant reduction in the insulation thickness of structures while ensuring a quality of use equivalent to existing insulation solutions. The vacuum insulation wall therefore saves space in dense urban areas.

[0005] Vacuum insulation panels are made, in a known manner, of a rigid panel formed of a porous material with insulating properties, placed inside a membrane envelope which ensures airtightness. The rigid panel is maintained under vacuum by means of this envelope.

[0006] The porous material is most often formed from a material such as fumed silica, aerogel, perlite or glass fibers, which gives shape and mechanical strength to the panel.

[0007] Such panels are useful for thermal insulation of a wall due to their high insulating performance for reduced thickness and size.

[0008] However, unlike standard insulation, vacuum insulation panels are vulnerable to drilling by nails, screws or drill bits for wood, steel or concrete, for example.

[0009] In fact, it happens that users drill holes in the plasterboard partition using a drill to hang a frame or piece of furniture, for example.

[0010] By drilling too deep into the wall, the drill bit reaches the vacuum insulation panel, which is pierced and filled with air. The insulation performance is then reduced. WO 2013 / 088077 A1 discloses the features of the preamble of claim 1.

[0011] The aim of the invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a multi-layer wall comprising vacuum insulation from the inside of a structure while allowing the drilling of a cladding partition to hang objects there without risk of damaging the vacuum insulation.

[0012] To this end, the invention thus relates in its broadest sense to a multi-layer wall having the characteristics of claim 1, which is intended to cover a wall of a structure comprising an interior face oriented towards the interior of the structure. The multi-layer wall comprises a layer of vacuum insulation intended to cover the interior face of the wall and a cladding partition covering the layer of vacuum insulation and configured to support loads.

[0013] According to the invention, the multi-layer wall comprises an anti-drill protection layer configured to resist drilling of holes. The anti-drill protection layer is positioned between the vacuum insulation layer and the cladding partition to protect the vacuum insulation layer when drilling a hole through the cladding partition.

[0014] The invention thus provides a multi-layer wall comprising vacuum insulation from the inside of a structure while allowing the cladding partition of the wall to be pierced to hang objects there without risk of damaging the vacuum insulation layer.

[0015] The vacuum insulation layer provides exceptional thermal performance. For example, a 50 mm thick vacuum insulation layer provides a thermal resistance of 4.65 W / m 2 < / K, equivalent to conventional insulation with a partition thickness of approximately 150 mm.

[0016] The invention makes it possible to considerably reduce the thickness of building insulation while guaranteeing a quality of use equivalent to existing insulation solutions. It therefore saves space in dense urban areas.

[0017] The multi-layer wall is easy to install and inexpensive.

[0018] According to the invention, the multi-layer wall comprises a first layer of thermal insulation covering a first face of the vacuum insulation layer and a second layer of thermal insulation covering a second face of the vacuum insulation layer. The first layer of thermal insulation is fixable on the wall and the anti-drill protection layer is positioned between the second layer of thermal insulation and the cladding partition.

[0019] The first layer of thermal insulation and the second layer of thermal insulation serve to protect the vacuum insulation layer during transportation and handling on a construction site.

[0020] The first layer of thermal insulation and the second layer of thermal insulation also make it easier to stick the insulation panel to the wall because the materials of the first layer of thermal insulation and the second layer of thermal insulation are also chosen for their ability to adhere to the wall.

[0021] Alternatively, the anti-drill protection layer is based on epoxy resin or polyurethane resin.

[0022] High performance epoxy resins can be used alone because they are impossible to drill with a tool-free tip.

[0023] In another variant, the anti-drill protection layer comprises glass fibers or aramid fibers.

[0024] According to another variant, the thickness of the anti-drill protection layer is at least 3 mm.

[0025] According to another variant, the anti-drill protection layer is formed from several anti-drill protection panels overlapping so as to form overlapping areas.

[0026] This coating ensures the continuity of the anti-drill protection layer on large walls. Weak points at the junctions of two anti-drill protection panels are avoided.

[0027] According to another variant, the anti-drill protection layer comprises corner elements for covering protruding parts of the vacuum insulation layer.

[0028] All parts of the anti-drill protection layer are thus protected.

[0029] In another embodiment, the anti-drill protection layer and the cladding partition are mounted on at least one stud. The stud is fixed to the structure and extends along the vacuum insulation layer.

[0030] This embodiment is preferable for managing very high walls because it limits the forces to which the vacuum insulation layer is subjected, unlike the previous embodiment by gluing the anti-drilling protection layer.

[0031] The second advantage is the fact that the multi-layer wall can be dismantled, which makes it possible to change the insulation with the possibility of reusing the different layers or partitions.

[0032] The upright solution allows only around 2 mm of thickness to be lost compared to the previous method of production by gluing.

[0033] The invention also relates to a wall of a structure covered by a multi-layer wall as defined previously.

[0034] The invention also relates to a construction method according to claim 8 comprising a step of covering a wall of a structure with a multi-layer wall as defined previously.

[0035] According to one variant, the method comprises a step of covering an interior face of the wall with a layer of vacuum insulation, a step of covering the layer of vacuum insulation with an anti-drill protection layer configured to resist drilling of holes and a step of covering the anti-drill protection layer with a cladding partition. The anti-drill protection layer is intended to protect the layer of vacuum insulation when drilling a hole through the cladding partition.

[0036] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended figures in which: [ Fig.1 ] schematically illustrates a section of a portion of a multi-layer wall covering a wall of a structure by gluing, according to a first embodiment of the invention; [ Fig.2 ] schematically illustrates a side view of an anti-drill protection layer formed from several overlapping anti-drill protection panels; [ Fig.3 ] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a structure comprising a wall covered by an anti-drill protection layer; [ Fig.4 ] schematically illustrates a section of a portion of a multi-layer wall comprising at least one upright supporting a cladding partition, according to a second embodiment of the invention.

[0037] There [ Fig.1 ] schematically illustrates a portion of multi-layer wall 1 of a structure 2 produced by gluing, according to a first embodiment of the invention.

[0038] The structure 2 comprises a wall 3 having an interior face 4 oriented towards the interior of the structure 2. The wall 3 also has an exterior face 12 oriented towards the exterior of the structure 2 and which is opposite the interior face 4.

[0039] The inner face 4 is covered in order with a first layer of thermal insulation 5, a layer of vacuum insulation 6, a second layer of thermal insulation 7 and a cladding partition 8, 8' (or finishing facing) configured to support decorative elements.

[0040] The first thermal insulation layer 5, the vacuum insulation layer 6, the second thermal insulation layer 7 and the cladding partition 8, 8' form the multi-layer wall 1.

[0041] Wall 3 is an exterior wall that can be made of wood, concrete, steel, or masonry, for example.

[0042] The first layer of thermal insulation 5 is bonded to a first face 13 of the vacuum insulation layer 6 and the second layer of thermal insulation 7 is bonded to a second face 14 of the vacuum insulation layer 6 during a manufacturing step carried out in a factory, for example.

[0043] The vacuum insulation layer 6 is thus arranged between the first thermal insulation layer 5 and the second thermal insulation layer 7.

[0044] Preferably, the vacuum insulation layer 6, the first thermal insulation layer 5 and the second thermal insulation layer 7 are formed from insulation panels arranged next to each other. The insulation panels have various shapes (rectangular, square or other).

[0045] The first thermal insulation layer 5 and the second thermal insulation layer 7 may be made of polystyrene, polyurethane foam (open-cell polyurethane), rubber, rock wool, glass wool, for example. The first thermal insulation layer 5 and the second thermal insulation layer 7 may be bonded to the vacuum insulation layer 6 using polyurethane adhesives of the SIKA ® type, epoxy adhesives or acrylic adhesives, for example.

[0046] The first thermal insulation layer 5 and the second thermal insulation layer 7 serve to protect the vacuum insulation layer 6 during transport and handling on a construction site.

[0047] The first layer of thermal insulation 5 and the second layer of thermal insulation 7 also make it easier to bond the insulation panel to the wall 3 because the materials of the first layer of thermal insulation 5 and the second layer of thermal insulation 7 are also chosen for their ability to adhere to the wall 3.

[0048] The vacuum insulation layer 6 is formed of a porous material having insulating properties, placed inside a membrane envelope which ensures gas tightness. The vacuum insulation layer 6 is maintained under vacuum by means of this envelope. A vacuum is created inside the membrane envelope.

[0049] The porous material, which is most often formed from a material such as fumed silica, aerogel, perlite, glass fibers, gives the vacuum insulation layer 6 its shape and gives it mechanical strength.

[0050] According to the invention, the multi-layer wall 1 comprises an anti-drill protection layer 9 configured to resist the drilling of holes such as holes made by drills and more specifically by wood, concrete or metal drills. The anti-drill protection layer 9 is also resistant to the tips of nails driven in with a hammer. The anti-drill protection layer 9 has a high hardness and density.

[0051] The anti-drill protection layer 9 is positioned between the second thermal insulation layer 7 and the cladding partition 8, 8' to protect the vacuum insulation layer 6 when drilling a hole through the cladding partition 8, 8'.

[0052] In the example of the [ Fig.1 ], the anti-drilling protection layer 9 is glued to an external face 15 of the second layer of thermal insulation 7 using a glue of the SIKA 111 ®< type from the company Stickseal ®< , for example.

[0053] The thickness of the anti-drill protection layer 9 is at least 1 mm and preferably 3 mm.

[0054] Preferably, the anti-drilling protection layer 9 is based on an epoxy resin or a polyurethane resin.

[0055] According to one variant, the anti-drill protection layer 9 comprises glass fibers.

[0056] The anti-drill protection layer 9 may consist of a resinated glass laminate of type EP GC 202, EP GC 203, EP GC 204 or EP GC 205 according to standard EN 60893, for example.

[0057] High performance polyurethane resins can be used alone as they are impossible to drill with a tool-free tip.

[0058] High-performance polyurethane resins combined with glass fibers can also be used because they are impossible to pierce with a point driven with a hammer or chisel hammer by human force.

[0059] High-performance polyurethane resins containing aramid fibers can also be used because they are impossible to pierce with a point driven with a hammer or chisel hammer by human force.

[0060] Alternatively, the anti-drill protection layer 9 may be composed of a metal plate, for example made of stainless steel, hardened carbon steel or special steel alloys.

[0061] Alternatively, the anti-drilling protection layer 9 may be composed of a mixture of concrete and high-performance polyurethane resin. This is a mixture that is usually applied for floors, industrial paving or the like. It is possible to manufacture tiles from 4 mm to more than 12 mm thick. This type of mixture is impossible to pierce with a point driven with a hammer or chisel hammer by human force or to drill with a wood drill.

[0062] In a variant, the anti-piercing protection layer 9 may be composed of a mixture of concrete and high-performance polyurethane resin with the addition of calibrated metal fillers, such as pieces of cast iron with a dimension of 0.1 to 2 mm, for example. This type of mixture cannot be pierced with a pointed object driven in with a hammer or a chisel by human force or pierced with a wood drill or a steel drill. It is also very difficult or even impossible to pierce the anti-piercing protection layer 9 based on this mixture with a concrete drill even with a drill rig. The anti-piercing protection layer 9 may be in the form of tiles having a thickness of at least 9 mm. This type of mixture is usually used for reinforced industrial floors and resists rotating tank tracks. The mixture of concrete and high-performance polyurethane resin has a density of 3000 kg / m 3< .

[0063] Alternatively, the anti-puncture protection layer 9 can be made of aramid fibers, which are commonly used in the military for making bulletproof vests (such as the Kevlar brand). The fibers are non-tensioned, which prevents puncturing. The non-tensioned fibers can block the drill bit by tangling around the drill bit. Additionally, Kevlar® type aramid fibers prevent puncturing via impacts, such as punctures made by nails driven in with a hammer, for example. An anti-puncture protection layer 9 thickness of 1 cm is sufficient to prevent puncturing with the means available to individuals in current DIY stores.

[0064] According to a variant shown in the Fig.2 , the anti-puncture protection layer 9 is formed by several anti-puncture protection panels 10 overlapping to form overlapping areas 11.

[0065] More precisely, each anti-piercing protection layer 9 includes at least one edge 17. The anti-piercing protection panels 10 overlap or cover each other at the edges 17. Each edge 17 includes a groove 18. Two grooves 18 of two distinct anti-piercing protection panels 10 are configured to fit into each other.

[0066] This overlapping ensures the continuity of the anti-piercing protection layer 9 on large walls 3. Weak points at the junctions of two anti-piercing protection panels 10 are avoided.

[0067] For walls of large heights (greater than 3 m), it is possible to provide an overlap on the four sides of the anti-piercing protection layer 9. Each anti-piercing protection layer 9 then includes four edges 17 each provided with a groove 18.

[0068] According to another variant, the covering of the anti-drill protection panels 10 can be achieved by T-shaped metal pieces made of aluminum or steel, for example. A portion of the T-shaped metal pieces slides between two adjacent anti-drill protection panels 10 to cover the joint between the two anti-drill protection panels 10. Each T-shaped metal piece is sized so that the portion inserted between the two anti-drill protection panels 10 does not reach the vacuum insulation layer 6.

[0069] There [ Fig.3 ] schematically illustrates a structure 2 comprising a wall 3 covered in order by a first layer of thermal insulation 5, a layer of vacuum insulation 6, a second layer of thermal insulation 7 and an anti-drilling protection layer 9 formed of several anti-drilling protection panels 10.

[0070] The anti-drill protection panels 10 can be custom-made to fit the contours of a window 20 or a door, for example.

[0071] Alternatively, the anti-drill protection layer 9 comprises corner elements 19 for covering protruding portions 21 of the vacuum insulation layer 6, such as corners, on two sides of the vacuum insulation layer 6.

[0072] The corner elements 19 have a corner shape, a V-shaped section and comprise two portions 22, 23 perpendicular to each other and extending on two different sides of the vacuum insulation layer 6.

[0073] According to another variant, the anti-drill protection layer 9 comprises corner elements (not shown) for covering corners of vacuum insulation layer 6 on four different sides of the vacuum insulation layer 6.

[0074] Alternatively, the multi-layer wall 1 may comprise a vapor barrier layer 24 covering the anti-drill protection layer 9 (or the anti-drill protection panels 10). The vapor barrier layer 24 is formed from a sheet or membrane which, depending on its permeability, limits or prevents the flow and stagnation of water vapor in the walls.

[0075] The multi-layer wall 1 comprises at least a first cladding partition 8 configured to support loads such as decorative or storage elements. The cladding partition 8 covers the vapor barrier layer 24.

[0076] The multi-layer wall 1 may not include a vapor barrier layer 24.

[0077] Decorative elements can be frames, for example.

[0078] Alternatively, the multi-layer wall 1 may comprise a second cladding partition 8' covering the first cladding partition 8, which allows the two cladding partitions 8, 8' to support higher loads, such as fitted kitchen units.

[0079] The 8, 8' cladding partitions are made of plasterboard, such as BA13 panels, for example. The 8, 8' cladding partitions can also be made of wooden panels, such as OSB (an acronym for the English term "Oriented Strand Board") or preferably of fiberglass-reinforced plaster, such as Fermacell ®< panels, for example. Fermacell ®< gypsum fiber panels are made of 80% plaster and 20% cellulose.

[0080] Depending on the load the user wishes to install, one or more 8, 8' cladding partitions can be installed.

[0081] The first thermal insulation layer 5, the vacuum insulation layer 6, the second thermal insulation layer 7, the anti-drilling protection layer 9, the vapor barrier layer 24 and the cladding partition 8, 8' are fixed together by gluing.

[0082] The quantity of glue is calculated according to the loads to be supported by each layer. In the case of buildings, this load is relatively low because the different layers 5, 6, 7, 9, 24, 8, 8' are rigid and generally rest on floors which can be considered perfectly rigid.

[0083] The glue must therefore only prevent the bending of layers 5, 6, 7, 9, 24, 8, 8' under their own weight and possibly under the weight of the loads that the user wishes to hang on the wall 3.

[0084] The method of constructing the multi-layer wall 1 comprises an initial step of constructing the wall 3.

[0085] The method of constructing the multi-layer wall 1 comprises in parallel a step of bonding the first layer of thermal insulation 5 on the first face 13 of the vacuum insulation layer 6 and a step of bonding the second layer of thermal insulation 7 on the second face 14 of the vacuum insulation layer 6.

[0086] The first layer of thermal insulation 5 is then glued to the inner face 4 of the wall 3.

[0087] The anti-drill protection layer 9 is glued to the external face 15 of the second thermal insulation layer 7. The first cladding partition 8 is glued to the anti-drill protection layer 9.

[0088] A second cladding partition 8' is optionally glued to the first cladding partition 8.

[0089] According to a second embodiment shown in the [ Fig.4 ], the first thermal insulation layer 50, the vacuum insulation layer 60, and the second thermal insulation layer 70 are bonded together and then bonded.

[0090] Unlike the first embodiment of the [ Fig.1 ], the anti-drilling protection layer 90 and the cladding partition(s) 8, 8' are mounted on at least one upright 25 (or rail) and not glued to the wall 30.

[0091] There [ Fig.4 ] shows an upright 25 in which the anti-drilling protection layer 90 is housed. The upright 25 is also intended to receive a covering partition 8, 8', which is not shown for simplification.

[0092] The upright 25 which is known from the prior art is fixed to the floor, ceiling or wall 30 of the structure 2. The upright 25 has a rectilinear shape and runs along the vacuum insulation layer 60.

[0093] The upright 25 comprises hollow bolts 26 with square heads and a rib 27 to limit the bending of the cladding partitions 8, 8'. Each hollow bolt 26 with square heads is locked in rotation.

[0094] 25 uprights can be provided in angular areas, at the junction between two perpendicular walls.

[0095] The method of constructing the multi-layer wall 100 comprises an initial step of constructing the wall 30.

[0096] The method of constructing the multi-layer wall 100 comprises in parallel a step of bonding the first layer of thermal insulation 50 to a first face 130 of the vacuum insulation layer 60 and a step of bonding the second layer of thermal insulation 70 to a second face 140 of the vacuum insulation layer 60.

[0097] The first layer of thermal insulation 50 is then bonded to the inner face 40 of the wall 30. As a result, the first layer of thermal insulation 50, the vacuum insulation layer 60 and the second layer of thermal insulation 70 are bonded to the wall 30.

[0098] The method for producing the multi-layer wall 100 also comprises a step of fixing uprights 25 to the wall 30, to the floor and to the ceiling of the structure 2, along the second layer of thermal insulation 70, and a step of laying the anti-drilling protection layer 90 and the first cladding partition 8 in the uprights 25 so that the anti-drilling protection layer 90 covers or is positioned opposite the second layer of thermal insulation 70. A free space may be formed between the second layer of thermal insulation 70 and the anti-drilling protection layer 90.

[0099] The anti-drilling protection layer 90 is glued to an internal face of the first cladding partition 8 which is oriented towards the second layer of thermal insulation 70.

[0100] A second cladding partition 8' is optionally fixed by gluing, or otherwise, to the first cladding partition 8.

[0101] Alternatively (not shown), the first thermal insulation layer 50 is bonded to the wall. The vacuum insulation layer 60 is bonded to the first thermal insulation layer 50. The second thermal insulation layer 70 is bonded to the vacuum insulation layer 60 and the anti-drill protection layer 90 is bonded to an outer face 150 of the second thermal insulation layer 70. Unlike the second embodiment of the [ Fig.4 ], only the cladding partitions 8, 8' are mounted on at least one upright 25.

Claims

1. Multi-layer wall (1, 100) for covering a wall (3, 30) of a structure (2), the wall (3, 30) having an inner face (4, 40) facing the interior of the structure (2), the multi-layer wall (1, 100) comprising a vacuum insulation layer (6, 60) for covering the inner face (4, 40) of the wall (3, 30) and a cladding wall (8, 8') covering the vacuum insulation layer (6, 60) and configured to withstand loads, characterised in that it comprises an anti-drilling protection layer (9, 90) configured to resist the drilling of holes, the anti-drilling protection layer (9, 90) being positioned between the vacuum insulation layer (6, 60) and the covering partition (8, 8') to protect the vacuum insulation layer (6, 60) when a hole is drilled through the cladding wall (8, 8'), the multi-layer wall being characterised in that said multi-layer wall (1, 100) comprises a first layer of thermal insulation (5, 50) covering a first face (13, 130) of the vacuum insulation layer (6, 60) and a second thermal insulation layer (7, 70) covering a second face (14, 140) of the vacuum insulation layer (6, 60), the first thermal insulation layer (5, 50) being fixable to the wall (3, 30) and the anti-drilling protection layer (9, 90) being positioned between the second thermal insulation layer (7, 70) and the cladding partition (8, 8').

2. Multi-layer wall (1, 100) according to claim 1, characterised in that the anti-drilling protective layer (9, 90) is based on an epoxy resin or a polyurethane resin.

3. Multi-layer wall (1, 100) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterised in that the anti-drilling protective layer (9, 90) comprises glass fibres or aramid fibres.

4. Multi-layer wall (1, 100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the anti-drilling protection layer (9, 90) is formed of several anti-drilling protection panels (10) overlapping so as to form overlap zones (11).

5. Multi-layer wall (1, 100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the anti-drilling protection layer (9, 90) comprises corner elements (19) for covering projecting parts (21) of the vacuum insulation layer (6, 60).

6. Multi-layer wall (1, 100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the anti-drilling protective layer (9, 90) and the cladding partition (8, 8') are mounted on at least one upright (25), the upright (25) being fixed to the structure (2) and extending along the vacuum insulation layer (6, 60).

7. Wall (3, 30) of a structure (2), characterised in that it is covered by a multilayer wall (1, 100) as defined according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. Method of construction characterised in that it comprises a step of covering a wall (3, 30) of a structure (2) with a multi-layer wall (1, 100) as defined according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. Method of construction according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises a step of covering an inner face (4, 40) of the wall (3, 30) with a layer of vacuum insulation (6, 60), a step of covering the layer of vacuum insulation (6, 60) with a protective anti-drilling layer (9, 90) configured to resist the drilling of holes and a step of covering the anti-drilling protection layer (9, 90) with a cladding partition (8, 8'), the anti-drilling protection layer (9, 90) being intended to protect the vacuum insulation layer (6, 60) when a hole is drilled through the cladding partition (8, 8').

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