Composite pane for a projection assembly

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite pane (1), in particular for a projection assembly (100), at least comprising an outer pane (2), a thermoplastic intermediate layer (4), an inner pane (3), and a functional layer element. The outer pane (2) has an outer face (I) facing away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) and an inner face (II) facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4), and the inner pane (3) has an outer face (III) facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) and an inner face (IV) facing away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4). The functional layer element is arranged on the inner face (IV) of the inner pane (3) and is suitable for emitting light (10), in particular p-polarized light, wherein the functional layer element (9) is a reflective layer (9), preferably a reflectively coated or coating-free reflective polymer film, or an active imaging element and is opaque or is arranged spatially in front of an opaque background in a view through the composite pane (1) starting from the inner face (IV) of the inner pane (3), and a hydrophobic film (7) is arranged at least on the functional layer element (9). The invention additionally relates to a projection assembly (100), in particular comprising a composite pane (1) according to the invention, and to the production and use thereof.

Description

[0001] Composite panel for a projection arrangement

[0002] The invention relates to a composite pane, in particular for a projection arrangement, as well as its production and use.

[0003] Head-up displays (HUDs) are commonly used in vehicles and aircraft today. The functionality of a HUD is based on an imaging unit that uses an optical module and a projection surface to project an image that the driver perceives as a virtual image. When this image is reflected, for example, via the vehicle's windshield as a projection surface, important information can be presented to the user, significantly improving road safety.

[0004] The head-up displays described above have the problem that the projector image is reflected off both surfaces of the windshield. As a result, the driver not only sees the desired main image, which is caused by the reflection on the interior surface of the windshield (primary reflection). The driver also sees a slightly offset, usually less intense secondary image, which is caused by the reflection on the exterior surface of the windshield (secondary reflection). The latter is commonly referred to as a ghost image. This problem is generally solved by arranging the reflective surfaces at a deliberately chosen angle to each other so that the main image and ghost image are superimposed, whereby the ghost image is no longer distracting.

[0005] The radiation from the head-up display projector is typically predominantly s-polarized due to the windshield's better reflection characteristics compared to p-polarization. However, if the driver wears polarization-selective sunglasses, which only transmit p-polarized light, they will have little or no perception of the HUD image. Therefore, there is a need for HUD projection systems compatible with polarization-selective sunglasses. One solution to this problem is the use of projection systems that utilize p-polarized light.

[0006] DE102014220189A1 discloses a head-up display projection arrangement that operates with p-polarized radiation to generate a head-up display image. Since the angle of incidence is typically close to the Brewster angle and p-polarized radiation is therefore only slightly reflected by the glass surfaces, the windshield has a reflective structure that can reflect p-polarized radiation toward the driver. A single metallic layer with a thickness of 5 nm to 9 nm, for example, made of silver or aluminum, is proposed as the reflective structure. This layer is applied to the outer side of the inner pane facing away from the interior of the vehicle.

[0007] WO2021 / 145387 A1 also describes a head-up display system for a windshield that operates with p-polarized radiation. The system comprises a light source with p-polarized radiation and a reflective element that can reflect p-polarized radiation toward the driver. The angle of incidence of the p-polarized light onto the inside of the inner pane is selected between 42 and 72° to generate the brightest possible main image compared to the secondary images (ghost images). The reflective element can be a film or a coating arranged in the transparent area of ​​the windshield.

[0008] W02021 / 209201 A1 describes a projection arrangement for a head-up display of a composite pane with p-polarized radiation. A high-refractive-index coating is applied to the interior-facing surface to achieve a higher contrast between the desired (main image) and the undesired reflection (secondary / ghost images). Although this coating increases the overall reflectivity of the interior-facing surface, the ghost image is less noticeable with p-polarized radiation compared to the desired main image. The HUD reflective layer is located within the composite pane, protected from environmental influences, between the outer and inner panes.

[0009] When designing a display based on head-up display technology, it is also important to ensure that the projector has sufficient power to ensure the projected image is sufficiently bright, especially in sunlight, and is easily visible to the viewer. This requires a certain size of the projector and entails a corresponding power consumption.

[0010] DE102009020824A1 discloses a windshield with a virtual image system. The image display device (projector) is directed toward a reflective area, which is either itself formed by an opaque reflective layer or is arranged against an opaque background. The reflective layer is arranged on a surface of the inner windshield facing the vehicle interior. This allows the reflected image to be recognized with high contrast. However, the reflective layer is not protected against external harmful influences.

[0011] US 2009 / 0295681 describes an image display system in which the light source's rays are reflected on the inside (surface) of the inner pane. Ghost images can be avoided by spatially overlapping matte coatings, such as a ceramic black print, arranged behind it, for example, on the outside or inside of the outer pane or on the outside of the inner pane. Alternatively, the reflection of the rays is described, which is arranged on the inner pane facing the interior. To improve the external appearance of the laminated pane, this high-gloss black film is then arranged completely in an overlap area with a cover print.

[0012] JP H 6 279071 A also pursues the goal of improving the external appearance of the laminated pane, describing the placement of a hologram element in the overlap area with a ceramic, black masking print. To protect the hologram element, it is arranged inside the laminated pane between the outer and inner panes.

[0013] WO2020 / 0333593 A1 describes a windshield with a complexly produced nanostructured anti-reflection coating on the outer side of the outer pane, offering good durability against typical physical and chemical environmental influences. A nanostructured anti-reflection coating can be applied to the inner surface of the inner pane in addition to the coating on the outer pane. In this case, an IR-reflective coating is also designed as a reflective surface for visible light and is used to generate a HUD image, thus enabling or increasing its visibility. In this described embodiment, the inner anti-reflection coating is applied to the IR-reflective coating and can protect it from environmental influences. A water-repellent aluminum oxide coating can also be applied to the nanostructured anti-reflection coating.

[0014] The object of the present invention is to provide an improved composite pane for a projection arrangement, in particular based on head-up display technology, with which the described disadvantages can be avoided. The composite pane should enable good contrast of the generated image even in backlighting and low energy consumption, and should also be able to be operated with a projection arrangement using p-polarized light. In addition, the element of the composite pane provided for image generation, for example by reflection, should be protected in particular from external influences. Furthermore, a composite pane according to the invention and a projection arrangement realizable therewith should be simple and cost-effective to manufacture. A further object is the renewability of the protection and the possible retrofitting of vehicles with the projection arrangement according to the invention.

[0015] This object is achieved according to the invention by a composite pane according to claim 1 and a projection arrangement according to claim 12. Preferred embodiments are evident from the subclaims.

[0016] According to the invention, a composite pane, in particular for a projection arrangement, is provided, which comprises at least one outer pane, a thermoplastic intermediate layer and an inner pane, as well as a functional layer element, wherein the outer pane has an outer side I facing away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer and an inner side II facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane has an outer side III facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer and an inner side IV facing away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer, wherein the

[0017] The functional layer element is a reflective layer, preferably a reflective coated or coating-free reflective polymer film, or an active imaging element, and is arranged on the inner side IV of the inner pane and is suitable for emitting light, in particular p-polarized light, wherein the functional layer element itself is opaque or, when viewed through the composite pane starting from the inner side IV of the inner pane, is arranged spatially in front of an opaque background, and a hydrophobic film is arranged at least on the functional layer element.

[0018] According to the invention, the functional layer element, for example preferably a reflective layer, is arranged flatly on the inner side IV of the inner pane, in other words on the surface of the inner pane facing the (vehicle) interior. This has the advantage that, when generating an image, secondary reflection, for example on the outer pane, is largely eliminated and the formation of ghost images can be avoided. Furthermore, with this arrangement, the position of the reflective layer can be selected more freely than with an arrangement between the outer pane and the inner pane, since the reflective layer cannot be concealed by other opaque layers or elements, for example a masking strip.

[0019] According to the invention, the functional layer element is either opaque itself, i.e., essentially opaque, or it is spatially arranged, starting from the inside of the inner pane, in front of an opaque, essentially opaque background. In this context, the opaque background can be arranged on the outside or inside of the outer pane or within the thermoplastic intermediate layer. It has been shown that the functional layer element, for example, configured as a reflective layer, overlaps with the opaque background, enabling good image representation with high contrast to the opaque background, so that it appears bright and is therefore also clearly recognizable.

[0020] Of course, the functional layer element itself can also be opaque and yet be spatially positioned in front of the opaque background when viewed through the inner pane. According to the invention, at least the area of ​​the composite pane in or in front of which the functional layer element is arranged is opaque. If the functional layer element, for example, a reflective layer, is arranged in front of the opaque background, it is preferably transparent.

[0021] The expression "when viewed through the composite pane" means that one looks through the composite pane starting from the inside of the inner pane. For the purposes of the present invention, "spatially in front" for the functional layer element means that it is arranged spatially further away from the outside of the outer pane than at least the opaque background. According to the invention, the functional layer element, regardless of whether it is applied directly to the opaque background or not, is essentially always completely overlapped with the opaque background when viewed through the composite pane. In other words, the functional layer element, for example a reflective layer, is located when viewed through the composite pane, starting with the inside of the inner pane, and thus overlaps with the opaque background.The combination of the reflective layer according to the invention with such an opaque background ensures good image visibility even in direct sunlight and when using low-intensity light sources. Even under these conditions, an image generated by a light source appears bright and is clearly visible. When using a composite panel according to the invention in a projection system, this enables a reduction in the power of the light source and thus reduced energy consumption.

[0022] According to the invention, it is further advantageously provided that, when viewed through the composite pane, starting from the inner side IV of the inner pane, a hydrophobic film is arranged at least on the functional layer element.

[0023] In other words, a hydrophobic film is arranged directly on the surface of the functional layer element at least on the surface spatially opposite the inner side IV of the inner pane, sealing the surface coated therewith from the surrounding atmosphere. According to the invention, the hydrophobic film thus forms the outer surface of the composite pane facing the interior, at least in the region of the functional layer element, and advantageously protects it, in particular the functional layer element, from external influences, particularly contamination. The hydrophobic film is a coating with good resistance to deposits, for example of liquids, salts, grease, and dirt, and is advantageously particularly easy to clean. For example, the formation of fingerprints when touched by a user can be prevented.Hydrophobic films suitable for the invention, as well as their design and production, are described, for example, in WO2005 / 084943, WO2007 / 012779, or WO2010 / 079299. Such hydrophobic coatings are already in use, for example, on the outside of vehicle windows. Such hydrophobic films exhibit a good durability of two or more years in this application. The hydrophobic coating allows water droplets on the glazing to simply slide off, which can provide a driver with better visibility through a windshield when it rains. Advantageously, the inventive use of the hydrophobic coating on the inside IV of the inner pane of the laminated pane means that the film is not directly exposed to the weather or friction from windshield wipers, thus extending its durability. The coating according to the invention is also advantageously easy to renew.Suitable solutions for producing a hydrophobic film according to the invention are also available on the market, which can be produced, for example, by simply applying such a solution in liquid form with a cloth.

[0024] Hydrophobic, in the sense of the invention, means that the film has a specific wetting characteristic, namely that the contact angle of water to the surface is greater than 90°. Preferably, the hydrophobic film is also oleophobic, i.e., the contact angle between the surface and oil is greater than 50°. The hydrophobic film is advantageously transparent and in no way impairs the view of the glazing with the functional layer element, or the transmission or perceptibility of the emitted, for example, reflected, light.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the hydrophobic film has a contact angle against water of > 100°, preferably > 110°. Sealing with such a protective film ensures that the surface has particularly good dirt and water repellent properties and therefore needs to be cleaned less frequently. There are many hydrophobic coatings available on the market that are suitable according to the invention. In particular, they are organofluorine compounds, as described, for example, in DE19848591. Known hydrophobic coatings include products based on perfluoropolyethers or fluorosilanes. These are, for example, liquid-applied layers, for example by spraying, dipping, flow coating or by application using a cloth. A particular advantage of these coatings is the easy renewability of the hydrophobic film.

[0026] In one embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention, the hydrophobic film is applied to the functional layer element and additionally to the inner side IV of the inner pane not covered by it. In other words, the hydrophobic film forms the entire outer surface and a full-surface seal to the interior, for example, a vehicle interior. This has the advantage that the associated water- and dirt-repellent properties of the hydrophobic film are also provided over the entire surface. Furthermore, the production of such a full-surface seal to the interior is simple, efficient, and cost-effective.

[0027] According to the invention, the term "radiate light" means that light, in particular p-polarized light, is reflected by the functional layer element, or alternatively, the functional layer element itself is designed as an active light source (image display device) and emits light, for example, preferably p-polarized light. The functional layer element can therefore be designed as a reflective layer. Alternatively, the functional layer element can also be designed as a light source and be an active, imaging element, such as a layered LCD or OLED display, i.e., one with a very low installation height (flat, thin). The invention also encompasses the possibility of several identical or different first functional layer elements being arranged directly adjacent to one another or spatially separated on the inner side of the inner pane (not overlapping).

[0028] According to the invention, the reflective layer preferably comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tin, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, or alloys thereof. The reflective layer may contain silicon oxide independently or additionally.

[0029] In a particular embodiment of the invention, the reflective layer is a coating comprising a thin-film stack, i.e., a sequence of thin individual layers. This thin-film stack contains one or more electrically conductive layers based on silver. The electrically conductive layer based on silver imparts the basic reflective properties to the reflective coating, as well as an IR-reflecting effect and electrical conductivity. The conductive layer preferably contains at least 90 wt.% silver, more preferably at least 99 wt.% silver, most preferably at least 99.9 wt.% silver. The silver layer may contain dopants, for example, palladium, gold, copper, or aluminum. Silver-based materials are particularly suitable for reflecting p-polarized light.The use of silver in reflective coatings has proven particularly advantageous for reflecting p-polarized light. The coating has a thickness of 5 pm to 50 pm, and preferably 8 pm to 25 pm.

[0030] If the reflective layer is formed as a coating, it is preferably applied directly to the inner side IV of the inner pane by physical vapor deposition (PVD), particularly preferably by cathode sputtering, and most preferably by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering (magnetron sputtering). In principle, however, the coating can also be applied, for example, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), such as plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD), by vapor deposition, or by atomic layer deposition (ALD).

[0031] The reflective layer can also be formed as a reflective film that reflects light, preferably p-polarized light. The reflective layer can be a carrier film with a reflective coating or a coating-free reflective polymer film. The reflective coating preferably comprises at least one metal-based layer and / or a dielectric layer sequence with alternating refractive indices. The metal-based layer preferably contains or consists of silver and / or aluminum. The dielectric layers can be formed, for example, from silicon nitride, zinc oxide, tin-zinc oxide, silicon-metal mixed nitrides such as silicon zirconium nitride, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide, or silicon carbide. The oxides and nitrides mentioned can be deposited stoichiometrically, substoichiometrically, or superstoichiometrically.They may contain dopants, for example, aluminum, zirconium, titanium, or boron. The reflective polymer film preferably comprises or consists of dielectric polymer layers. The dielectric polymer layers preferably contain polyethylene terephthalate (PET). If the reflective layer is formed as a reflective film, it is preferably 30 μm to 300 μm thick, particularly preferably 50 μm to 200 μm thick, and especially 100 μm to 150 μm thick.

[0032] If the film is coated with a reflective coating, the CVD or PVD coating processes can also be used to manufacture the film (carrier film), for example, made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Alternatively, the functional layer element can be designed as a thin glass layer element with a reflective coating, for example using a CVD or PVD process, which can be applied and arranged on the inner side IV of the inner pane using an adhesive film. Both a design using a reflective film and a separate reflective glass element have the further advantage that they can be easily replaced if necessary. If the laminated pane is otherwise suitably designed, it may also be retrofittable, for example for windshields in vehicles.

[0033] In one embodiment of the invention, the reflective layer is a reflective film that is metal-free and reflects visible light rays with p-polarization. The polymer film thus has intrinsically reflective properties. The reflective layer can, for example, be designed as a film that functions on the basis of synergistically interacting prisms and reflective polarizers. The polymer film can, for example, comprise a plurality of polymer layers with different refractive indices, with layers with higher and lower refractive indices arranged alternately. In this case, the reflective effect is based in particular on interference effects caused by the alternating high- and low-refractive-index polymer layers. Such films for use as reflective layers are commercially available.The term p-polarized light refers to light from the visible spectral range that consists predominantly of light with p-polarization. P-polarized light preferably has a p-polarization component of >50%, preferably >70%, and particularly preferably >90%, and in particular approximately 100%.

[0034] In one embodiment according to the invention, the opaque background is an opaque masking strip which is arranged in regions on at least one of the outer sides (I, III) and / or the inner sides (II, IV) of the inner and / or outer pane. The masking strip can in principle be arranged on any side of the outer pane. In the case of the composite pane according to the invention, it is preferably applied to the inner side of the outer pane, where it is protected from external influences. Alternatively or additionally, a marking strip is preferably provided on the inner side IV of the inner pane. In other words, the masking strip is then arranged between the inner side IV of the inner pane and the functional layer element.

[0035] The masking strip is preferably a coating consisting of one or more layers. Alternatively, it can also be an opaque element, such as a film, embedded in the laminated pane.

[0036] According to a preferred embodiment of the composite pane, the masking strip consists of a single layer. This has the advantage of particularly simple and cost-effective production of the composite pane, since only a single layer needs to be formed for the masking strip.

[0037] In addition to the mode of action described in the invention, it can serve to mask structures that would otherwise be visible through the pane when installed. In particular, in the case of a windshield, the masking strip is used to mask an adhesive bead for bonding the windshield to a vehicle body. This means that it prevents the generally irregularly applied adhesive bead from being visible to the outside, thus creating a harmonious overall impression of the windshield. On the other hand, the masking strip serves as UV protection for the adhesive material used. Continuous exposure to UV light damages the adhesive material and would loosen the bond between the pane and the vehicle body over time. In the case of panes with an electrically controllable functional layer, the masking strip can also be used, for example, to cover bus bars and / or connecting elements.The masking strip is printed, for example, onto the outer or inner pane, particularly using a screen printing process. The printing ink is printed onto the glass pane through a fine-mesh fabric. The printing ink is pressed through the fabric, for example using a rubber squeegee. The fabric has areas that are permeable to the printing ink, alongside areas that are impermeable to the printing ink, which determines the geometric shape of the print. The fabric thus acts as a stencil for the print. The printing ink contains at least one pigment and glass frits, suspended in a liquid phase (solvent), for example water or organic solvents such as alcohols. The pigment is typically a black pigment, for example carbon black, aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black and / or graphite.

[0038] After the printing ink has been applied, the glass pane undergoes a thermal treatment, during which the liquid phase is expelled by evaporation and the glass frits are melted and permanently bonded to the glass surface. The thermal treatment is typically carried out at temperatures in the range of 450°C to 700°C. The pigment remains as a masking strip in the glass matrix formed by the molten glass frit. The masking strip preferably has a thickness of 5 μm to 50 μm, particularly preferably 8 μm to 25 μm.

[0039] The masking strip can, as already described, in principle be arranged on either side of the outer pane or the inner pane. In a composite pane according to the invention, it is preferably applied to the inside of the outer pane, where it is protected from external influences. Another preferred embodiment provides that, alternatively or additionally, a masking strip is arranged as a ceramic black print on the inside IV of the inner pane, which can in particular improve the application of adhesive layers and the quality of bonds, in particular when installing the composite pane according to the invention, for example in a vehicle. In other words, the opaque background is preferably arranged as a ceramic black print on the inside IV of the inner pane at least in one edge region, for example as a circumferential edge region, of the composite pane.The outer edge of the pane then remains free of any additional coatings, in particular the reflective layer and hydrophobic film. This leaves the areas intended for bonding, i.e., the areas adjacent to the pane edge, free of any additional coatings, such as the reflective layer and hydrophobic film, and available for secure and stable bonding.

[0040] Alternatively, the masking strip is a colored or pigmented, preferably black-pigmented, thermoplastic composite film, preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), preferably PVB. The coloring or pigmentation of the composite film is freely selectable, but is preferably black. The colored or pigmented composite film is preferably arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane. The colored or pigmented thermoplastic composite film preferably has a thickness of 0.25 mm to 1 mm. The colored or pigmented composite film preferably extends over a maximum of 50% and particularly preferably a maximum of 30% of the area of ​​the composite pane.To avoid thickness differences in the composite pane, a further transparent thermoplastic composite film is preferably arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, extending over at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, of the surface of the composite pane. The colored or pigmented composite film is offset from the transparent thermoplastic composite pane in the surface plane of the composite pane, so that they do not overlap or cover each other.

[0041] The masking strip can also be provided by a partially pigmented or colored thermoplastic composite film. In this case, the reflective layer is arranged spatially in front of the pigmented or colored area of ​​the thermoplastic composite film. The pigmentation or coloring of the composite film preferably extends over a maximum of 50% and particularly preferably a maximum of 30% of the surface of the composite pane. The remaining part of the partially pigmented or colored thermoplastic composite film is transparent, i.e., without pigmentation or coloring. The partially pigmented or colored thermoplastic composite film preferably extends over the entire surface of the composite pane.The design of the masking strip as a pigmented or colored thermoplastic composite film or as a partially pigmented or colored thermoplastic composite film simplifies the production of the composite pane and improves its stability. It is very advantageous if the outer pane or the inner pane do not have to be coated beforehand to create an opaque background. This increases the stability of the composite pane and further improves process efficiency. The outer pane and inner pane preferably contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, alumino-silicate glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and / or mixtures thereof.

[0042] The outer pane and inner pane may have other suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflective coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings, electrically conductive coatings, or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings.

[0043] The thickness of the individual panes (outer and inner panes) can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Standard thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm are preferred, and 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm are preferred. The size of the panes can vary widely and depends on the application.

[0044] The composite pane can have any three-dimensional shape. Preferably, the outer and inner panes have no shadow zones, allowing them to be coated, for example, by cathode sputtering. The outer and inner panes are preferably flat or slightly or strongly curved in one or more directions of the room.

[0045] According to the invention, the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably transparent. For the purposes of the present invention, "transparent" means that the total transmission of the laminated pane complies with the legal requirements, for example, for windshields (for example, the European Union Directive ECE-R43) and preferably has a visible light transmittance of more than 50% and in particular more than 60%, for example more than 70%. "Transparent inner pane" and "transparent outer pane" thus mean that the inner pane and the outer pane are so transparent that the view through a see-through area of ​​the laminated pane meets the legal requirements for the intended use, for example, for windshields. Accordingly, "opaque" means a light transmission of less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, and in particular 0%.For the purposes of the invention, "transparent outer pane" and "transparent inner pane" mean that visibility is possible through the inner pane and the outer pane. Preferably, the light transmittance of the transparent outer pane and the transparent inner pane is at least 55%, particularly preferably at least 60%, and especially at least 70%.

[0046] If a layer is formed on the basis of a material, the layer consists predominantly of this material, in particular essentially of this material in addition to any impurities or dopants.

[0047] The thermoplastic intermediate layer contains or consists of at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), and / or polyurethane (PU), or copolymers or derivatives thereof, optionally in combination with polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also contain, for example, polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride, and / or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, or a copolymer or mixture thereof.

[0048] The thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably formed as at least one thermoplastic composite film and contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and additives known to those skilled in the art, such as plasticizers. The thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains at least one plasticizer. Plasticizers are chemical compounds that make plastics softer, more flexible, more pliable, and / or more elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of plastics toward lower temperatures, so that the plastics exhibit the desired more elastic properties near the application temperature. Preferred plasticizers include, for example, carboxylic acid esters, particularly low-volatility carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins, and camphor.

[0049] The PVB-based thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains at least 3% by weight, preferably at least 5% by weight, particularly preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 30% by weight, and in particular at least 35% by weight of a plasticizer. The plasticizer contains or consists, for example, of triethylene glycol bis-(2-ethylhexanoate). The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by a single film or by more than one film. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged flatly one above the other, wherein the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.

[0050] The thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a functional thermoplastic intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustic damping properties, an infrared-reflecting intermediate layer, an infrared-absorbing intermediate layer, and / or a UV-absorbing intermediate layer. For example, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a bandpass filter film that blocks narrow bands of visible light.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a second functional layer element is arranged at least in one see-through region of the composite pane between the inner side (II) of the outer pane and the outer side (III) of the inner pane. In other words, the second functional layer element extends at least over a region of the composite pane which, when viewed through, does not overlap with an opaque background and thus also has a functional region which does not overlap with the first functional layer element. The two functional layer elements advantageously do not negatively influence each other's function and can be used in addition to one another. The second functional layer element can also be incorporated into the composite pane either over the entire surface or in a locally limited manner, as desired.The second functional layer element can be, for example, a hologram, a p-pol coating, a reflective film, a HUD layer or an active display.

[0052] A HUD layer is a reflective layer suitable for projecting an image emitted by a light source into the field of view of a viewer, such as a driver. The HUD layer preferably comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tin, titanium, copper, chromium, cobalt, iron, manganese, zirconium, cerium, yttrium, silver, gold, platinum, and palladium, or mixtures thereof.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the HUD layer is a coating comprising a thin-film stack, i.e., a sequence of thin individual layers. This thin-film stack contains one or more electrically conductive layers based on silver. The electrically conductive layer based on silver imparts the basic reflective properties to the reflective coating, as well as an IR-reflecting effect and electrical conductivity. The electrically conductive layer is based on silver. The conductive layer preferably contains at least 90 wt.% silver, more preferably at least 99 wt.% silver, most preferably at least 99.9 wt.% silver. The silver layer can contain dopants, for example, palladium, gold, copper, or aluminum. Silver-based materials are particularly suitable for reflecting p-polarized light.The use of silver has proven particularly advantageous for reflecting p-polarized light. The coating has a thickness of 5 pm to 50 pm, and preferably 8 pm to 25 pm.

[0054] If the HUD layer is formed as a coating, it is preferably applied to the inner or outer pane by physical vapor deposition (PVD), particularly preferably by cathode sputtering, and most preferably by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering (magnetron sputtering). In principle, however, the coating can also be applied, for example, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), such as plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD), by vapor deposition, or by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The coating is applied to the panes before lamination.

[0055] The HUD layer can also be formed as a reflective film that reflects p-polarized light. The HUD layer can be a carrier film with a reflective coating or a reflective polymer film. The reflective coating preferably comprises at least one metal-based layer and / or a dielectric layer sequence with alternating refractive indices. The metal-based layer preferably contains or consists of silver and / or aluminum. The dielectric layers can be formed, for example, from silicon nitride, zinc oxide, tin-zinc oxide, silicon-metal mixed nitrides such as silicon zirconium nitride, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, or silicon carbide. The aforementioned oxides and nitrides can be deposited stoichiometrically, substoichiometrically, or superstoichiometrically. They can contain dopants, for example, aluminum, zirconium, titanium, or boron.The reflective polymer film preferably comprises or consists of dielectric polymer layers. The dielectric polymer layers preferably contain PET. If the HUD layer is formed as a reflective film, it is preferably 30 μm to 300 μm thick, particularly preferably 50 μm to 200 μm thick, and especially 100 μm to 150 μm thick.

[0056] If it is a coated, reflective film, the CVD or PVD coating processes can also be used for production.

[0057] According to a further preferred embodiment, the HUD layer is formed as a reflective film and arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The advantage of this arrangement is that the HUD layer does not have to be applied to the outer or inner pane using thin-film technology (e.g., CVD and PVD). This results in uses of the HUD layer with additional advantageous functions, such as more homogeneous reflection of p-polarized light at the HUD layer. Furthermore, the production of the composite pane can be simplified because the HUD layer does not have to be applied to the outer or inner pane using an additional process prior to lamination.

[0058] The invention further encompasses a projection arrangement comprising a composite pane according to the invention as described above in various embodiments, wherein the functional layer element is a reflective layer. The projection arrangement further comprises a light source (image display device) associated with the reflective layer, which is directed onto the reflective layer and irradiates it with light, in particular p-polarized light, the reflective layer reflecting the light. According to the invention, the reflective layer is protected from external influences, in particular from contamination, by a hydrophobic film applied flatly thereto.

[0059] The light source of the projection arrangement emits light, preferably p-polarized light, and is positioned adjacent to the interior surface of the inner pane such that the light source irradiates this surface, with the light being reflected by the reflective layer of the composite pane. If the projection arrangement according to the invention is operated with p-polarized light, a particular advantage is that it is also compatible with polarization-selective sunglasses.

[0060] According to the invention, the reflective layer preferably reflects more than 10%, preferably at least 30% or more, preferably 50% or more, and in particular 70% or more, of the light incident on the reflective layer, in particular p-polarized light, preferably in a wavelength range of 450 nm to 650 nm and at angles of incidence of 50 to 80°, for example, 55° to 75°. This is advantageous in order to achieve the greatest possible brightness of an image emitted by the light source and reflected by the reflective layer.

[0061] The light source is used to emit an image and is also referred to according to the invention as an image display device. A projector, a display or another device known to those skilled in the art can be used as the light source. The light source is preferably a display, particularly preferably an LCD display, LED display, OLED display or electroluminescent display, in particular an LCD display. Displays have a low installation height and are therefore easy and space-saving to integrate into the dashboard of a vehicle. Furthermore, displays are significantly more energy-efficient to operate than projectors. The comparatively lower brightness of displays is entirely sufficient in combination with the reflective layer according to the invention and the opaque cover layer behind it.The radiation from the light source preferably strikes the composite pane at an angle of incidence of 55° to 80°, preferably 62° to 77°, in the region of the reflective layer. The angle of incidence is the angle between the incidence vector of the radiation from the image display device and the surface normal at the geometric center of the reflective layer.

[0062] Furthermore, the invention comprises a method for producing a composite pane and projection arrangement according to the invention.

[0063] The method for producing a composite pane according to the invention, as described in various embodiments in the above description, may comprise at least the following steps:

[0064] (a) providing an outer pane, an inner pane and a thermoplastic intermediate layer,

[0065] (b) inserting or applying at least one opaque background, in particular as an opaque layer, preferably as a masking strip, in at least a second partial area of ​​the interior surface of the outer pane (II), the exterior surface of the outer pane (I) and / or on the exterior surface of the inner pane (III), and / or as an at least partially tinted or colored intermediate layer,

[0066] (c) assembling the inner pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the outer pane in this sequence to form a layer stack,

[0067] (d) laminating the layer stack to form a composite pane, (e) applying a reflective layer and / or an active imaging element to at least a first partial area of ​​the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane (3), wherein the first partial area extends at least partially overlapping with the second partial area and wherein the applied reflective layer (9) or the active imaging element is arranged on the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane,

[0068] (f) applying a hydrophobic film as an exposed layer, at least on the reflective layer (9) and / or the active imaging element.

[0069] The method for producing a projection arrangement may comprise at least the following steps:

[0070] (a) providing an outer pane, an inner pane and a thermoplastic intermediate layer,

[0071] (b) applying at least one opaque covering layer, in particular as a masking strip, in at least a second partial area of ​​the interior surface of the outer pane, the exterior surface of the inner pane and / or on the exterior surface of the inner pane,

[0072] (c) assembling the inner pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the outer pane in this order to form a layer stack,

[0073] (d) laminating the layer stack to form a composite disc,

[0074] (e) applying a reflective layer to at least a first partial area of ​​the interior-side surface of the inner pane, wherein the first partial area extends at least partially overlapping with the second partial area and wherein the applied reflective layer lies as an exposed layer on the interior-side surface of the inner pane,

[0075] (f) applying a hydrophobic film at least to the reflective layer,

[0076] (g) Providing and directing a light source (image display device), preferably for p-polarized light, onto the composite disc so that the light can fall onto the reflective layer.

[0077] Step e) of the method takes place optionally before, during or after steps a) to d). However, if at least one opaque masking strip is applied to the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane, the reflective layer is only applied after this opaque cover layer has been applied. The hydrophobic film according to the invention is applied after the reflective layer or the active imaging element has been applied, at least to its surface, for example by liquid application, for example by spraying, dipping, flooding or by application with a cloth. The hydrophobic film can also be applied over the entire surface of the inner pane, thus also extending to the areas of the inner surface of the inner pane that are not covered by the first functional layer element.A particular advantage of the invention results from the fact that the hydrophobic layer, and optionally also the first functional layer element, can be designed to be renewable and easily replaceable, or that there are also options for retrofitting, for example for vehicle windows.

[0078] The production of the composite pane or projection arrangement according to the invention is simple, cost-effective and, due to the described possible renewability or retrofitability, also particularly sustainable and can, moreover, be easily integrated into existing industrial series production.

[0079] The lamination of the layer stack takes place under the influence of heat, vacuum and / or pressure, whereby the individual layers are bonded (laminated) to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer. Known processes for producing a composite pane can be used. For example, so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an elevated pressure of approximately 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130°C to 145°C for approximately 2 hours. Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring processes operate, for example, at approximately 200 mbar and 130°C to 145°C. The outer pane, the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be pressed into a composite pane in a calender between at least one pair of rollers. Systems of this type are known for producing composite panes and normally have at least one heating tunnel upstream of a pressing unit.The temperature during the pressing process, for example, ranges from 40°C to 150°C. Combinations of calendering and autoclaving processes have proven particularly effective in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more heated and evacuatable chambers in which the outer and inner panes can be laminated within, for example, approximately 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80°C to 170°C.

[0080] Furthermore, the invention extends to the use of the composite pane or projection arrangement according to the invention in means of transport for land, air, or water traffic, in particular in motor vehicles, wherein the composite pane can be used, for example, as a windshield, rear window, side windows, and / or glass roof, preferably as a windshield. The use of the composite pane as a vehicle windshield is preferred. Alternatively, the glazing can be architectural glazing, for example, in an exterior facade of a building or a partition inside a building, or as a built-in component in furniture or appliances.

[0081] The various embodiments of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the specified combinations, but also in other combinations or on their own, unless they are explicitly described and described as alternatives to one another, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0082] The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments, with reference to the accompanying figures. They show, in simplified form and not to scale:

[0083] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the projection arrangement according to the invention,

[0084] Figure 2 is a plan view of a composite pane of Fig. 1,

[0085] Figures 3-6 show enlarged cross-sectional views of various embodiments of the layer sequences according to the invention of the composite pane 1 in the region of the functional layer element, and

[0086] Figure ? enlarged cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the layer sequence according to the invention of the composite pane 1 in the region Z.

[0087] Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the projection arrangement 100 according to the invention in a vehicle in a highly simplified, schematic representation. A top view of the composite pane 1 of the projection arrangement 100 is shown in Figure 2. The cross-sectional view of Figure 1 corresponds to the section line AA of the composite pane 1, as indicated in Figure 2. The composite pane 1 is in the form of a composite pane (see also Figures 3 to 4) and comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3 with a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which is arranged between the panes 2, 3. The composite pane 1 is installed in a vehicle, for example, and separates a vehicle interior 12 from an external environment 13. For example, the composite pane 1 is the windshield of a motor vehicle.

[0088] The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are each made of glass, preferably thermally toughened soda-lime glass, and are transparent to visible light. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 consists of a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

[0089] The outer side I of the outer pane 2 faces away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and is simultaneously the outer surface of the composite pane 1. The inner side II of the outer pane 2 and the outer side III of the inner pane 3 each face the intermediate layer 4. The inner side IV of the inner pane 3 faces away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and is simultaneously the inner side of the composite pane 1. It is understood that the composite pane 1 can have any suitable geometric shape and / or curvature. As a composite pane 1 for a vehicle, for example, it typically has a convex curvature.

[0090] In an edge region 11 of the composite pane 1, on the inner side II of the outer pane 2, there is a frame-shaped, circumferential first masking strip 5. The first masking strip 5 is opaque and prevents the view from the outside of structures arranged on the inside of the composite pane 1, for example, an adhesive bead for bonding the composite pane 1 to a vehicle body. The first masking strip 5 is preferably black. The first masking strip 5 consists, for example, of an electrically non-conductive material conventionally used for masking strips, such as a black-colored, baked screen printing ink.

[0091] Furthermore, the composite pane 1 can have a second masking strip 5' in the edge region 11 on the inner side IV of the inner pane 3 (not shown here, see Figures 6 and 7). The second masking strip 5' is preferably designed to run circumferentially in a frame. Like the first masking strip 5, the second masking strip 5' consists of an electrically non-conductive material conventionally used for masking strips, for example, a black-colored, baked screen printing ink.

[0092] Spatially in front of the first masking strip 5, on the inner side IV of the inner pane 3, there is a reflective layer 9 as a functional layer element, which is vapor-deposited, for example, using the PVD process. The reflective layer 9 is, for example, a metal coating containing at least one thin-film stack with at least one silver layer and one dielectric layer. In this embodiment shown, the reflective layer 9 is in direct contact with the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 3. Alternatively, the reflective layer 9 can also be designed as a reflective film and optionally attached by means of an adhesive film (not shown here, see Figure 3). The reflective film can have a reflective metal coating.When viewed through the composite pane 1, the reflective layer 9 is arranged spatially in front of an opaque background, here the masking strip 5, wherein the masking strip 5 completely covers the reflective layer 9, i.e., the reflective layer 9 has no section that does not overlap the masking strip 5. For example, the reflective layer 9 is arranged here only in the lower (engine-side) section 1T of the edge region 11 of the composite pane 1. However, it would also be possible to arrange the reflective layer 9 in the upper (roof-side) section 11" or in a lateral section of the edge region 11. Furthermore, several reflective layers 9 could be provided, which are arranged, for example, in the lower (engine-side) section 1T and in the upper (roof-side) section 11" of the edge region 11. For example, the reflective layers 9 could be arranged such that an (at least partially) circumferential image can be generated.However, according to the invention, it is also possible (not shown here) to provide both an opaque background (masking) and a reflective layer 9 in any suitable area of ​​the composite pane. An edge-side arrangement is naturally advantageous and expedient when using and designing the composite pane 1 as a windshield in order to meet the required requirements for the driver's field of vision.

[0093] According to the invention, a hydrophobic film 7 is arranged on the surface of the reflective layer 9 facing the vehicle interior 12. According to the invention, the hydrophobic film 7 thus forms, at least in the region of the reflective layer, the outer surface of the composite pane 1 facing the interior 12 and exposed to the surrounding atmosphere. The surface covered with the hydrophobic film 7, in particular the functional layer element 9, is thereby advantageously protected from external influences, in particular against deposits of, for example, liquids, salts, grease, and dirt, and is particularly easy to clean. The hydrophobic film 7 according to the invention is advantageously resistant. In addition, the hydrophobic film 7 can also be easily renewed if necessary, for example by applying it with a liquid cloth.In an embodiment not shown here, the further surface IV of the composite pane 1, not covered by the reflective layer 9 and facing the interior space 12, is also provided with the hydrophobic film 7 and thus sealed to the interior space 12. This has the advantage that the associated water- and dirt-repellent properties of the hydrophobic film can also be provided over the entire surface. Furthermore, the production of such a full-surface seal to the interior space 12 is simple, efficient, and cost-effective.

[0094] The first masking strip 5 can also be widened in the lower (engine-side) section 1T of the edge region 11, i.e. the first masking strip 5 has a greater width in the lower (engine-side) section 1T of the edge region 11 than in the upper (roof-side) section 11" of the edge region 11 (as well as in the lateral sections of the edge region 11 not visible in Figure 1) of the composite pane 1. The term "width" is understood to mean the dimension of the first masking strip 5 perpendicular to its extension.

[0095] The projection arrangement 100 further comprises an image display device 8, arranged, for example, in the dashboard (not shown), as an image generator. The image display device 8 serves to generate light, in particular p-polarized light 10 (image information), which is directed onto the reflective layer 9 and reflected by the reflective layer 9 as reflected light 10' into the vehicle interior 12, where it can be seen by a viewer, e.g., the driver. The reflective layer 9 is suitably designed to reflect the light, preferably the p-polarized light 10 of the image display device 8, i.e., an image of the image display device 8. The light 10 of the image display device 8 preferably strikes the composite pane 1 at an angle of incidence of 50° to 80°, in particular of 55° to 75°, for example of 60° to 70°, typically approximately 65°, as is common with HUD projection arrangements.It would also be possible, for example, to arrange the image display device 8 in the A-pillar of a motor vehicle or on the roof (in each case on the vehicle interior side), provided the reflective layer 9 is positioned appropriately for this purpose. If multiple reflective layers 9 are provided, a separate image display device 8 can be assigned to each reflective layer 9, i.e., multiple image display devices 8 can be arranged. The image display device 8 is, for example, a display such as an LCD display, OLED display, EL display, or pLED display. It would also be possible, for example, for the composite pane 1 to be a roof pane, side pane, or rear pane of a vehicle.

[0096] In the plan view of Figure 2, the reflection layer 9 is shown extending along the lower section of the edge region 11' of the composite pane 1.

[0097] Reference is now made to Figures 3 to 7, which show enlarged cross-sectional views of various embodiments of the composite pane 1. The cross-sectional views of Figures 3 to 5 correspond to section line AA (Figure 2) in the region of the reflective layer 9. The cross-sectional view of Figure 6 corresponds to section line BB' (Figure 2). The view of section line AA shown in Figure 7 in the lower section Z of the edge region 11' of the composite pane 1, as indicated in Figure 2.

[0098] Figure 3 shows an embodiment in which a masking strip 5 is applied to the inner side II of the outer pane 2, for example as a black print, and lies spatially in front of the reflective layer 9 (first functional layer element) as an opaque background. The outer pane 2 is connected to the inner pane 3 via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which is preferably a PVB film. In this embodiment, the reflective layer 9 is connected to the inner side IV of the inner pane 3 via an adhesive layer 6. Alternatively, the reflective layer can also be designed without the adhesive layer in direct contact with the inner side IV of the inner pane. For example, the reflective layer can be produced as a coating by CVD or PVD processes on the inner side IV of the inner pane 3. According to the invention, a hydrophobic film 7 is arranged on the surface of the reflective layer 9 facing the vehicle interior 12.According to the invention, the hydrophobic film 7 thus forms, at least in the region of the reflective layer 9, the outer, exposed surface of the composite pane 1 directed towards the interior 12 and thus advantageously protects against external influences, in particular against deposits of, for example, liquids, salts, greases and dirt.

[0099] Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of the cross-section of the composite pane 1 according to the invention, which differs from the structure in Fig. 3 in that a masking strip 5' is additionally provided on the inner side IV of the inner pane, on which masking strip the reflective layer 9 is arranged via an optionally present adhesive layer 6. This masking strip 5' can, as shown here, be provided additionally but also in another embodiment as an alternative to the first masking strip 5. Like the first masking strip 5, the second masking strip 5' can, for example, consist of an electrically non-conductive material conventionally used for masking strips, for example a black-colored screen printing ink that is baked.

[0100] Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the composite pane 1 according to the invention in cross-section, wherein the opaque background (masking strip), in contrast to the embodiments in Figures 3 or 4, is not formed by a black print 5 on the inner side II of the outer pane 2, but rather by a colored thermoplastic film, for example, a colored PVB film as the composite film 4'. One or more black prints 5 or 5' can advantageously serve as additional layers as masking for adhesive bonds (not shown here).

[0101] Figure 6 shows a preferred embodiment in which it is provided that the masking strip 5', as a ceramic black print on the inner side IV of the inner pane 3, is arranged preferably circumferentially in the edge region 11, 11', 11" of the composite pane 1, wherein an outer pane edge region 14 remains free of further coatings, in particular free of reflective layer 9 and hydrophobic film 7. This masking strip 5' can, in addition to functioning as an opaque background for the reflective layer 9, also improve the application of adhesive layers and the quality of bonds, in particular during installation of the composite pane 1 according to the invention, for example in a vehicle.Preferably, as shown schematically, an outer pane edge region 14 of, for example, 3-5 cm, thus the regions of the composite pane 1 intended for bonding into a body, remains free of further coatings, such as reflective layer 9 and hydrophobic film 7, and is available for secure and stable attachment by bonding.

[0102] Figure 7 schematically shows a combination according to the invention with a second functional layer element, for example, an HUD layer 15. The reflective layer 9 provided on the interior-side surface of the inner pane, as well as the masking strip 5 applied in this area as an opaque background, are preferably limited only locally to the lower edge region 11 of the composite pane 1 in this embodiment and thus do not influence an HUD layer 15 applied in the view-through area D of the composite pane 1. Because the reflective layer is positioned on the interior-side surface IV of the composite pane 1, the HUD layer 15 can be applied independently of the latter to one of the internal surfaces of the composite pane 1 and is protected there from environmental influences.

[0103] 1 composite pane

[0104] 2 outer pane

[0105] 3 inner pane

[0106] 4 thermoplastic intermediate layer

[0107] 4' dyed thermoplastic composite film

[0108] 5.5' masking strip

[0109] 6 adhesive layer

[0110] 7 hydrophobic film

[0111] 8 Image display device

[0112] 9 Reflective layer (first functional layer element)

[0113] 10,10' light (preferably p-polarized light)

[0114] 11, 11', 11" edge area

[0115] 12 (Vehicle) interior

[0116] 13 external environment

[0117] 14 outer edge area (bonding / fixing area)

[0118] 15 HUD layer (second functional layer element)

[0119] 100 projection arrangement

[0120] I Outside of the outer pane 2

[0121] II Inside of the outer pane 2

[0122] III Outside of the inner pane 3

[0123] IV Inside of the inner pane 3

[0124] D See-through area

[0125] A-A' section line

[0126] BB' cutting line

[0127] Z enlarged area

Claims

Claims: Composite disc (1), in particular for a projection arrangement (100), comprising at least an outer disc (2), a thermoplastic intermediate layer (4), and an inner disc (3), a functional layer element, wherein the outer disc (2) has an outer surface (I) facing away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) and an inner surface (II) facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4), and the inner disc (3) has an outer surface (III) facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) and an inner surface (IV) facing away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4), characterized in that the functional layer element (9) is a reflective layer (9), preferably a reflectively coated or uncoated reflective polymer film, or an active imaging element, and is arranged on the inner surface (IV) of the inner disc (3) and is suitable for emitting light (10), in particular p-polarized light.wherein the functional layer element (9) is itself opaque or, when viewed through the composite pane (1) from the inside (IV) of the inner pane (3), is spatially arranged in front of an opaque background, and wherein at least one hydrophobic film (7) is arranged on the functional layer element (9). Composite pane (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrophobic film (7) has a contact angle with water of > 100°, preferably > 110°, and / or the hydrophobic film (7) is additionally oleophobic, and the contact angle between the surface and the oil is greater than 50°. Composite pane (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hydrophobic film (7) is applied to the functional layer element (9) and additionally to the area on the inside (IV) of the inner pane (3) not covered by the functional layer element (9). Composite pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in thatthat the opaque background is a masking strip (5) which is arranged in areas at least on one of the outer surfaces (I, III) and / or the inner surfaces (II, IV) of the inner and / or outer pane (3, 2). A composite pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the opaque background is formed as a masking strip (5) as an opaque thermoplastic film and is arranged on the inside (II) of the outer pane (2) and / or on the outside (III) of the inner pane (3), or the masking strip (5) is formed by a uniform composite film that is colored or tinted in certain areas. A composite pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the opaque background is arranged at least in an edge region (11, 11', 11") of the outer pane (2) and / or the inner pane (3). A composite pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a masking strip (5, 5') is arranged on the inside (II) of the outer pane (2) and / or between the inside (IV) of the inner pane (3) and the functional layer element.A composite pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a masking strip (5, 5'), preferably as a ceramic black print, is arranged on the inside (IV) of the inner pane (3) at least in an edge region (11), preferably circumferentially in the edge region (11, 11', 11"), of the composite pane (1), and an outer edge region (14) of the pane remains free of further coatings, in particular a reflective layer (9) and a hydrophobic film (7). A composite pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the reflective layer (9) contains at least one metal, preferably silver. A composite pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a second functional layer element (15), in particular a HUD reflective layer, is arranged in a viewing area (D) of the composite pane (1) between the inside (II) of the outer pane (2) and the outside (3) of the inner pane (3).

11. Projection arrangement (100), comprising: -a composite disc (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the functional layer element is a reflective layer (9); - an image display device (8) associated with the reflective layer (9), which is directed towards the reflective layer (9) and illuminates it with light (10), in particular p-polarized light, wherein the reflective layer (9) reflects the light (10').

12. Projection arrangement (100) according to claim 11 in which the reflective layer (9) reflects 30% or more, preferably 50% or more and in particular 70% or more, of the light (10) incident on the reflective layer (9), in particular p-polarized light.

13. Projection arrangement (100) according to claim 11 or 12 wherein the image display device (8) is a display, such as an LCD display, LED display, OLED display or electroluminescent display.

14. Method for producing a composite disk (1) according to the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising at least the steps of: (a) Providing an outer pane (2), an inner pane (3) and a thermoplastic intermediate layer (4), (b) Incorporating or applying at least one opaque background, in particular as an opaque layer, preferably as a masking strip (5, 5'), in at least a second partial area of ​​the interior surface of the outer pane (II), the exterior surface of the outer pane (I) and / or on the exterior surface of the inner pane (III), and / or as an intermediate layer (4) that is tinted or colored at least in some areas, (c) Assembling the inner disc (3), the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) and the outer disc (2) in this sequence to form a stack of layers, (d) Laminating the stack of layers to form a composite disc, (e) Applying a reflective layer (9) and / or an active imaging element to at least a first sub-area of ​​the interior surface (IV) of the inner disk (3), wherein the first sub-area overlaps at least partially with the second sub-area and wherein the applied reflective layer (9) or the active imaging element is arranged on the interior surface (IV) of the inner disc (3), (f) Applying a hydrophobic film (7) as an exposed layer, at least on the reflective layer (9) and / or the active imaging element. . Use of a composite screen (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, or a projection arrangement according to any one of claims 11 to 13 in vehicles for transport on land, in the air or on water.

Images