Drive with free-wheeling function for a barrier-free walk in an emergency

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive for a pivotable leaf of a door, a window, or the like, comprising a drive device that can be connected to a linkage device for moving the leaf between an open position and a closed position, and a mechanical energy store. The drive can be operated in normal operation and in emergency operation. When switching to emergency operation, the mechanical energy store is configured to immediately begin discharging when the leaf is opened. The drive further comprises a braking element. The mechanical energy store is configured to be charged in emergency operation when the leaf is in the closed position, and the braking element is configured to transfer the energy released when the mechanical energy store is discharged to the leaf in a braking manner.to move the sash into the closed position. The invention further relates to a drive for a pivotable sash of a door, a window, or the like, comprising a drive device that can be connected to a linkage device for moving the sash between an open position and a closed position, and a mechanical energy store, wherein the drive is operable in normal operation and in emergency operation, wherein, upon switching to emergency operation, the mechanical energy store is configured to immediately begin discharging when the sash is opened, characterized in that the drive further comprises a driver, wherein the mechanical energy store is configured to be charged in emergency operation when the sash is in the closed position, and the driver is configured toto transfer the energy released when the mechanical energy storage device is discharged to the sash with a delay in order to move the sash into the closed position.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a drive for a pivotable leaf of a door, a window or the like, with a drive device which can be connected to a linkage device for moving the leaf between an open position and a closed position, and with a mechanical energy store, wherein the drive can be operated in a normal mode and in an emergency mode, wherein when changing to an emergency mode the mechanical energy store is designed to immediately begin discharging when the leaf is (manually) opened.

[0002] Such a drive is known, for example, from DE 44 26 201 A1. DE 44 26 201 A1 describes a door drive that operates with an electromechanical motor and a closing spring. The drive has an output shaft that is connected to the leaf via a power-transmitting linkage with a sliding arm and slide rail. The closing spring ensures that the leaf is securely closed even in the event of a power failure. To prevent disruptive opening resistance due to the closing spring during normal operation of the drive, the drive is provided with an on / off locking device that interacts with the closing spring and keeps the closing spring pre-tensioned in the switched-on position, so that the leaf can be driven exclusively under the action of the electromechanical motor or operated manually.When the locking device is in the off position, the closing spring is released, so the leaf closes under the action of the closing spring. The locking device can be released via a fire detector or similar device.

[0003] A disadvantage of this door drive is that in the event of a fire, the powered door cannot be accessed barrier-free. The locking device, activated by a fire detector, releases the closing spring and thus builds up a moment in the closing direction. While the drive is able to eliminate annoying opening resistance caused by the closing spring during normal operation, in the event of a fire, the opening resistance is deliberately applied to securely close the leaf. This complies with the regulations of DIN 18263-4 and, in the future, EN 17372 regarding behavior in the event of a fire or malfunction, for example. However, this is done in such a way that it is no longer possible to open the door easily in an emergency. In this respect, standards such as DIN 18040-1 or DIN 12217 for ensuring barrier-free doors cannot be met with this door drive because the closing force is applied immediately and continuously.In particular, with the door drive disclosed in DE 44 26 201 A1, it is not possible to open the door in an emergency with little effort.

[0004] DE 10 2004 059 843 B3 relates to a door drive for a pivoting, movable leaf, consisting of a motor and a closer element connected to the motor via a gear mechanism, which is freely pivoted to the leaf via a linkage. To create a door drive in which the opening resistance of the closing spring is eliminated during normal operation and the door closes securely and automatically, a preload of a closer spring located in the closer element is applied by a motor when the leaf is closed. Opening of the leaf occurs (exclusively) manually, and closing of the leaf occurs by activating a time-delayed shutdown of the motor current and subsequent relaxation of the closer spring.

[0005] DE 10 2004 059 843 B3 therefore explains how to ensure that the opening resistance of the closing spring does not occur during normal operation. It remains unclear how barrier-free opening of the leaf can also be achieved during emergency operation, particularly while complying with the requirement that the closing spring must not be subject to locking during emergency operation when the door is opened, and in particular while complying with the standards DIN 18263-4 and EN 17372.

[0006] EP 0 137 861 A1 discloses an automatic door closer with a closer shaft loaded in the closing direction by a spring arrangement, which guides the displaceable piston of a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit serving damping purposes. The pressure chamber of the piston is connected to the pressureless chamber via a return channel with a throttle device and via a check valve opening towards the pressure chamber. A self-moving support member is connected between the piston and the spring arrangement, which support member can be driven in a controlled manner by external energy in the form of a spring preload depending on the door operation. As a result, the user of doors equipped with such door closers does not need to exert any force to preload the spring arrangement, thus significantly facilitating the door opening process.

[0007] However, the spring arrangement disclosed in EP 0 137 861 A1 releases the stored energy for the automatic door closing movement only after the door opening process has been completed. Furthermore, no distinction is made between normal operation and emergency operation. In particular, no door closer is disclosed that, in emergency operation, complies with the standards DIN 18263-4 and EN 17372, according to which the spring arrangement must not be subject to locking when the door is opened and must be mechanically self-closing.

[0008] In principle, there are door drives with type approval that are barrier-free in everyday use (i.e., during normal operation). However, in an emergency, especially in the event of smoke or fire, these usually close the door with spring force, to such an extent that barrier-free access is no longer guaranteed.

[0009] The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a drive for a leaf which, in an emergency, in particular in the event of a fire, allows barrier-free access while complying with the regulations for fire doors and, in particular, is compliant with the standards DIN 18263-4 and EN 17372 as well as DIN 18040-1 and DIN 12217.

[0010] This object is achieved by a drive having the features of claim 1. Accordingly, the drive has a braking element, wherein the mechanical energy storage device is configured to be charged in emergency operation when the leaf is in the closed position (e.g. by a motor), and the braking element of the drive is configured to transfer the energy released when the mechanical energy storage device is discharged to the leaf in a braking manner in order to move the leaf into the closed position.

[0011] While in conventional drives in emergency operation both the discharge of the mechanical energy storage device and the effect of the energy released thereby on the wing occur immediately (with full force) after the wing is opened, the drive according to the invention comprises a braking element which ensures that the effect of the energy of the mechanical energy storage device can be transmitted to the wing in a braked manner.

[0012] The object is further achieved by a drive having the features of claim 18. Accordingly, the drive has a driver, wherein the mechanical energy store is designed to be charged in emergency operation when the leaf is in the closed position and the driver is designed to transfer the energy released when the mechanical energy store is discharged to the leaf with a delay in order to move the leaf into the closed position.

[0013] In this solution, the effect of the energy released by the mechanical energy storage device is therefore not immediate, but delayed (i.e. only after a delay time).

[0014] Both solutions ensure that the leaf can be opened in emergency mode without significant effort. This function is particularly important for facilities with elderly, weaker, or physically disabled people, such as hospitals, nursing homes, or kindergartens. The drive according to the independent claims not only ensures that, for example, fire protection corridors can still be formed in the event of a fire, but also allows a fire door to be opened without excessive force in an emergency. This means that even physically disabled people are able to pass through a door barrier-free in an emergency and reach safety.

[0015] Until now, special solutions had to be designed to meet such requirements, which involved considerable effort, both in terms of the design itself and the commissioning of the respective drives. This often required the installation of programmable logic controllers (PLCs), safety switches, extensive cabling, or other special components, and the respective solutions had to be coordinated with and approved by building authorities on a case-by-case basis. Another disadvantage of such solutions is that safety signals sometimes have to be suppressed or ignored, and special control elements are necessary (radar sensors cannot be used for such drives due to the risk of false triggering, for example, caused by smoke in the event of a fire). Furthermore, compliance with the relevant standards is often only limited.

[0016] With the drive according to the invention, there is now a drive suitable for solving the above-mentioned technical problem with a type approval. The drive according to the invention has neither complex (additional) control elements such as PLCs nor separate buttons or the like.

[0017] The drive device is preferably designed to be connected to a motor. The drive device of the drive according to the invention is understood to mean, in particular, a gear that is driven by the motor and that is connected to the articulation device via an output shaft. The articulation device can, for example, be designed as a sliding arm that is designed to engage with a slide rail. However, the articulation device can also be another type of force-transmitting linkage, for example a scissor-type or telescopic linkage. Furthermore, a door shaft can also serve as the articulation device, wherein the output shaft of the drive device is aligned with the axis of rotation of the leaf and is connected to the door shaft. Other types of articulation devices are also conceivable.

[0018] Together with the hinge mechanism, the drive mechanism is designed to move the leaf around its axis of rotation between an open position and a closed position. In the closed position, the main surface of the leaf runs parallel to the wall in which the door is installed, or the leaf, door frame, and wall are aligned. This means that the opening angle of the leaf compared to the closed position is 0° in the closed position. In the open position of regular doors, the opening angle is a maximum of 90°, sometimes a maximum of 120°. However, there are also (pivot) doors with a larger opening angle.

[0019] The opening and closing of the door via the drive device and the linkage device can take place either automatically under the action of the motor or manually. In normal operation of the drive, the drive device is connected to the linkage device (at least) for automatically opening the leaf under the action of the motor and / or that the drive device is connected to the linkage device for closing the leaf via mechanically stored energy under the action of the mechanical energy store. In normal operation, the movement of the leaf of the drive according to the invention can, for example, take place fully automatically, i.e. under the action of the motor. Manual intervention is nevertheless possible, as is combined operation, e.g. motor-driven opening and closing via the energy store or assisted manual opening (so-called servo operation).It's also possible for the motor to be used exclusively to charge the energy storage device without actually moving the door. Normal operation, in which the door can be opened manually and closed via the mechanical energy storage device, is also conceivable—for example, this could be switched to if the power supply fails completely and the fire door needs to be closed.

[0020] When switching (from normal operation) to emergency operation, the motor's effect on the drive mechanism and / or the linkage device is interrupted (if the motor is driving the door). It is crucial that the motor does not drive the door leaf during emergency operation. However, this does not preclude the motor from being operated in emergency operation, for example, for the purpose of charging the mechanical energy storage device.

[0021] The mechanical energy storage device is typically a spring, which can be configured as a tension, compression, or torsion spring. However, a spring arrangement comprising multiple springs is also conceivable.

[0022] During normal operation, the mechanical energy storage device can be charged during the opening process (i.e. the movement from the closed position to the open position) and discharged during the closing process (i.e. the movement from the open position to the closed position). In the case of a spring as the mechanical energy storage device, it can therefore be provided that the spring is tensioned during the opening process and in this way charged with potential energy (in particular through the action of the motor) and is relaxed during the closing process. The spring or the mechanical energy storage device therefore moves during normal operation. However, it is also conceivable that the effect of the mechanical energy storage device, in particular during the movement of the leaf, is completely decoupled from the other components of the drive during normal operation.In this respect, it is conceivable that the mechanical energy storage device in the form of a spring, similar to DE 44 26 201 A1, is tensioned during a first opening process and then remains in the tensioned state during normal operation, regardless of whether the door is opened or closed.

[0023] When the drive switches from normal operation to emergency operation, the effect of the motor on the drive mechanism and / or the linkage device is interrupted, so that automatic opening of the sash is no longer possible. For example, the drive mechanism's output shaft is decoupled from the linkage device, or the motor and drive mechanism are decoupled.

[0024] The mechanical energy storage device is charged in such a way that the leaf remains in the closed position during the (entire) charging process. The charging process can occur immediately after the transition from normal operation to emergency operation or after a predetermined time, for example, after 3 seconds or 5 seconds. In the case of a spring, the spring is tensioned and locked 3 seconds after the transition to emergency operation.

[0025] When the sash is opened in emergency mode, the mechanical energy storage device immediately begins to discharge. In the case of a spring, the spring also immediately begins to relax. However, the effect of the spring or mechanical energy storage device on the sash is transferred to the sash in a decelerated manner. This is achieved by the braking element.

[0026] By providing the braking element in the drive according to the invention, it is possible to ensure that the leaf can be moved during opening without significant counterforce from the energy storage device. In other words, the braking element ensures that accessibility is guaranteed, at least with the appropriate braking effect of the braking element. By providing a driver in the drive according to the invention, it is possible to ensure that the leaf does not move into the closed position immediately upon discharging the mechanical energy storage device, but only after a delay, giving the user more time to get through the door.

[0027] The drive according to the invention can be mounted on a door frame or a wall, and the linkage device can be connected to the leaf. However, it is also conceivable for the drive to be mounted on the leaf itself, and the linkage device to be connected to the door frame, a wall, etc. The drive can be mounted either on the inside or outside of the door.

[0028] Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims, the description, and the figures. To the extent that the features of the dependent claims do not conflict with independent claim 18, the features can also be provided in the drive according to claim 18. In particular, the drive according to claim 18 can also have a braking element according to claim 1.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the mechanical energy storage device is designed to be charged while being decoupled from the drive device and / or the articulation device. In other words, it can be provided that the mechanical energy storage device is charged in the closed position (in emergency operation) without causing or triggering a movement of the leaf. In particular, in the case of a spring, no opening movement of the leaf is initiated when the spring is tensioned. This function is particularly advantageous if the mechanical energy storage device does not remain pretensioned during normal operation, but rather moves with the movement of the leaf and relaxes, in particular completely relaxes, when the door is closed.

[0030] In an advantageous embodiment, the mechanical energy storage device is configured to be charged via the drive device (and a motor connected thereto) when the leaf is in the closed position, and / or the drive further comprises a separate charging device configured to charge the mechanical energy storage device when the leaf is in the closed position. While the first alternative requires only one motor, the second alternative requires the use of an additional actuator (e.g., (another) motor-gear unit).

[0031] An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is required to supply power to the separate charging device. This can, for example, consist of a battery that is installed directly in the drive housing or can be mounted outside the housing.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the drive comprises a decoupling device which is designed to cancel an existing coupling between the mechanical energy storage device and the drive device and / or the articulation device when switching to emergency operation. On the one hand, this enables the mechanical energy storage device to be charged in the closed position of the leaf without moving the leaf. In particular, tensioning an energy storage device in the form of a spring does not lead to an opening of the leaf, which would normally be the case with a given operative connection. On the other hand, if the decoupling is maintained in emergency operation when the door is opened, the decoupling device ensures barrier-free access or free running, since the decoupling prevents any effect of the mechanical energy storage device on the leaf.

[0033] In principle, it is conceivable that the decoupling device further forms a coupling device in order to achieve a coupling of the two components mentioned in order to be able to move the door into the closed position.

[0034] As already explained above, during normal operation, the mechanical energy storage device, particularly in a spring configuration, can either move with the movement of the leaf or be preloaded after an initial opening. In this respect, the mechanical energy storage device can either be connected or coupled to the linkage device during normal operation or not (although if there is no connection, it is also conceivable that the spring is always relaxed during normal operation).

[0035] In one embodiment, the drive further comprises a motor configured to be connected to the drive device and, in emergency operation, to switch to generator mode at the latest upon opening of the wing. The braking element is formed by the motor in generator mode (and the drive device). The motor generates electrical energy as a generator while absorbing mechanical energy in the form of movement. The motor thereby creates resistance to the movement that drives it, so that it acts like a brake (more precisely, like a recuperation brake) on the drive device or the mechanical energy storage device that drives it.

[0036] Nevertheless, the braking element can be formed by a brake cable on the mechanical energy storage device and / or by a friction disc within the drive device, in particular on the output shaft. The brake cable can, for example, slow down the spring from unwinding.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the drive has a driver configured to delay the effect of the mechanical energy storage device (braked by the braking element) on the leaf. Accordingly, when the door leaf is opened in emergency mode, the leaf not only returns to the closed position with braking, but can also be moved into the closed position with a delay (so that the mechanical energy storage device is immediately discharged when the door is opened in emergency mode, but the discharge only acts on the door leaf with a delay).

[0038] Preferably, the driver of the drive is configured to permit an operative connection between the mechanical energy storage device and the drive device and / or the linkage device in emergency operation when the leaf is opened only from a predetermined opening angle of the leaf relative to the closed position. This enables the leaf to move into the closed position on the one hand. On the other hand, it ensures free movement of the leaf when the door is opened. The extent of the free movement can depend, among other things, on the speed of the opening movement and the opening angle caused by the user. The leaf can therefore be opened at least temporarily or within a certain opening range without the user of the door having to counteract the effect of the energy storage device (even if it is braked by the braking element).

[0039] To ensure barrier-free access, the predetermined opening angle should advantageously be at least 45°. A predetermined opening angle of at least 70° is preferred. A predetermined opening angle of at least 90° is particularly preferred. The latter allows wheelchair users or people who rely on a walker to pass through the door without excessive effort in the event of a fire or other emergency requiring emergency operation of the drive.

[0040] In a further embodiment, the driver is designed to cause a movement of the leaf into the closed position under the action of the mechanical energy store within a period of 4 to 10 seconds, in particular within a period of 4 to 8 seconds, preferably in particular within a period of 4 to 6 seconds, after opening in emergency operation.

[0041] In another embodiment, the driver is configured to permit coupling between the mechanical energy storage device and the drive device and / or the articulation device only after a predetermined period of time in emergency operation. This period of time can, in particular, be independent of the predetermined opening angle. The predetermined period of time preferably depends on an opening angle of the door induced by a pedestrian when opening the door in emergency operation. In particular, it can be provided that the predetermined period of time is longer the smaller the opening angle caused by the pedestrian (and vice versa).

[0042] Preferably, the predetermined time period is at least 3 seconds, in particular at least 4 seconds.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the driver is configured to immediately begin a movement under the effect of the mechanical energy storage device when changing to emergency operation, counter to the opening movement of the leaf and towards the articulation device and / or the leaf, and to move the articulation device and / or the leaf (from contact with the leaf) into the closed position.

[0044] Preferably, the driver is arranged outside a housing of the drive, wherein the driver is configured in particular as a pivoting arm, in particular as a pivoting arm that is connected to the drive device (fixed in emergency operation). The pivoting arm can in particular be connected (rotatably) to an output shaft of the drive device. The pivoting arm can be configured to act on the sash in a closing manner after a predetermined time and / or at the latest from a predetermined opening angle of the sash.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the driver is arranged in the drive device. The driver can be arranged as a component within or between individual drive or gear wheels, or it can be arranged on the output shaft. The driver is preferably designed to initiate or effect a transmission of the movement from drive wheels within the drive device to an output shaft of the drive device with a delay. In this case, a drive wheel drivingly connected to the mechanical energy storage device is mounted with respect to the output shaft in the direction of rotation within a predetermined angular range so that the output shaft is only driven when the drive wheel rotates after it has rotated beyond the predetermined angular range (and thus rotates with a time delay).This is achieved by a pin firmly connected to the output shaft that movably engages a slotted hole extending circumferentially in the drive gear. When the drive gear rotates, the slotted hole is initially moved around the pin without the pin moving. Only when the pin hits one end of the slotted hole does the pin engage, causing the output shaft to move.

[0046] Preferably, the braking element is configured to transfer the energy released upon discharging of the mechanical energy storage device to the leaf in such a braked manner that a moment of the leaf in the closing direction in emergency operation is at least temporarily, preferably always, at most 25 Nm. In other words, a moment required to open the leaf in emergency operation is at least temporarily at most 25 Nm. This function can be provided at least during a predetermined period of time and / or from the closed position up to a predetermined opening angle. Preferably, the said moment is lower and amounts to, for example, 20 Nm, particularly preferably 15 Nm, and even more preferably only 10 Nm.

[0047] Advantageously, the drive further comprises a control device configured to switch the drive's operating mode from normal operation to emergency operation upon receipt of an emergency signal. The emergency signal can, for example, be a fire signal originating from a sensor, such as a smoke detector.

[0048] Preferably, the drive further comprises a sensor device which is designed to detect a movement of the wing in the opening direction at least in emergency operation and to provide a corresponding opening signal, wherein the control device is designed to cause an immediate discharge of the mechanical energy storage device and an activation of the braking element upon receipt of the opening signal (in emergency operation).

[0049] The drive is advantageously designed to be connected to an emergency power supply. In particular, the drive preferably has an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to ensure emergency operation. For example, the drive comprises one or more batteries. Should the power supply (including batteries or the like) fail completely in an emergency, particularly in the event of a fire, the mechanical energy storage device is or is operatively connected to the drive device. In this case, barrier-free access is no longer guaranteed, but at least the standards for fire doors are still met (extended emergency operation).

[0050] The invention is described below by way of example with reference to the figures. Elements with the same function and mode of operation are provided with the same reference numerals in the figures. They show: Fig. 1 schematically shows a front view of a door with a drive according to the prior art, Fig. 2 schematically shows a first embodiment of the drive according to the invention in a perspective view, Figs. 3A, 3B and 3C different coupling states between a linkage device and a driver in a plan view, Fig. 4 an embodiment of a drive device for a drive according to the invention, Fig. 5A a second embodiment of the drive according to the invention in emergency operation before a door is opened, Fig. 5B the second embodiment of the drive according to the invention in emergency operation after a door is opened, Fig. 6 a third embodiment of the drive according to the invention.

[0051] Fig. 1 shows a schematic front view of a door with a conventional drive 10. The drive 10 is attached to a wall or a frame. A linkage device 18 in the form of a sliding arm belonging to the drive 10 connects the drive 10 to the leaf 20 of the door via a sliding block 19, which is intended to slide in a slide rail 22 attached to the leaf side. Depending on the movement of the linkage device 18 relative to the slide rail 22, the leaf 20 can be moved about its axis of rotation, which runs through the door hinges 24, into an open position or a closed position, wherein in the closed position the leaf plane runs parallel to the wall.

[0052] The leaf can be moved manually (via the door handle 26) and / or automatically, with the automatic movement being effected by the drive device 14 of the drive 10. In the drive shown, the drive device 14 (schematically shown as a cam disk) is connected both to a motor 12 and to a mechanical energy store 16, which is designed as a spring. For connection to the mechanical energy store 16, the drive device can, for example, have a cam disk, a piston, or the like. The drive device 14 can therefore be electrically driven via the motor 12 and drive or move the linkage device 18. Nevertheless, the drive device 14 can also be driven via the mechanical energy store 16.

[0053] During normal operation, the drive mechanism 14 is driven by the motor 12. Due to its connection to the drive mechanism, the spring rotates during each opening and closing operation, for example. More precisely, the spring is tensioned during each opening operation and released again during each closing operation. In principle, however, the spring could also be kept pretensioned during normal operation.

[0054] The type and location of the conventional drive 10 shown do not differ, or do not differ significantly, from the drive 10 according to the invention. In this respect, assuming that the drive shown also comprises a braking element 27, for example the motor can switch to generator operation in emergency operation, a door with a drive according to the invention in Fig. 1 shown.

[0055] In the event that the drive 10 has a braking element 27 (this can be, for example, the motor 12 in generator mode), the drive 10 can be connected to a control device 40 configured to change the operating mode of the drive 10 from normal operation to emergency operation and to interrupt (or cause the connection to be interrupted) the connection between the motor 12 and the drive device 14 (and thus the linkage device 18). This ensures that in emergency operation, the leaf 10 cannot be opened or closed automatically via the motor 12.

[0056] In this respect, when the door is opened in emergency operation, the closing movement of the leaf 20 is no longer carried out via the motor 12, but rather, since the connection between the spring and the drive device 14 still exists, via the mechanical energy storage device 16. The control device 40 is designed to switch the motor 12 into generator mode so that in emergency operation the energy released when the spring is discharged is transferred to the leaf 20 in a braked manner by the motor 12.

[0057] While the drive 10 shown is connected to an (external) control device 40, it can also be provided that the drive comprises the control device 40.

[0058] Furthermore, the drive 10 can be connected to or comprise a sensor device 42, wherein the sensor device 42 is configured to detect a movement of the leaf in the opening direction, in particular from the closed position, during emergency operation and to provide a corresponding opening signal. Upon receipt of the opening signal, the control device 40 can then initiate an immediate discharge of the mechanical energy storage device and cause the motor 12 to switch to generator mode, so that when the leaf is opened, the force of the spring does not act with full force against the opening process, ensuring smooth opening of the door, at least temporarily.

[0059] The sensor device 42 can, as in Fig. 1 As shown, it can be constructed in two components, comprising a first component on the sash 20 and a second component on the frame or the wall, and in particular can be a lock latch sensor. Nevertheless, the sensor device 42 can also be accommodated within the housing of the drive 10 and, for example, be designed as a time-of-flight sensor, which is configured to measure the distance of the sash 20 from the drive 10.

[0060] Fig. 2 shows schematically a first embodiment of the drive according to the invention in a perspective view. The drive 10 has (within a housing) a drive device 14, a motor 12 and a mechanical energy store 16 in the form of a spring. The drive device 14 is coupled in this case to both the motor 12 and the mechanical energy store 16. Furthermore, the drive device 14 is coupled via its output shaft 15 to a linkage device 18, which is located outside the housing. The drive device 14 is driven by the motor 12 and, in turn, drives the linkage device 18 via the output shaft 15 or sets it in motion, in such a way that a wing (not shown) connected to the linkage device 18 can be moved between an open position and a closed position. During the opening and closing movement of the wing orDue to its coupling with the drive mechanism, the spring "runs" with the movement of the articulation device 18. More precisely, in the drive 10 according to the invention, according to the first embodiment, the spring is tensioned (and thus charged with potential energy) during an opening movement and is relaxed again (or discharged of its potential energy) during a closing movement of the door. The spring can be held in the tensioned position by means of a locking device 38.

[0061] The linkage device 18 is designed as a sliding arm with a sliding block 19, wherein the sliding block is configured to run in a wing-side slide rail and thus link or move the wing. During normal operation, the linkage device 18 is rigidly coupled or connected to the output shaft 15.

[0062] Furthermore, the drive 10 includes a driver 28. The driver 28 is rigidly coupled to the output shaft 15 both in normal operation and in emergency operation. It includes an arm pointing radially away from the output shaft 15 and a "driver arm" running parallel to the output shaft.

[0063] During normal operation, the articulation device 18 and the driver 28 are arranged on the output shaft 15, rotated by a predetermined angular range. In particular, during normal operation, the angular range between the articulation device 18 and the closed position of the door is smaller than the angular range between the driver 28 (more precisely: its arm pointing radially away from the output shaft 15) and the closed position of the door. This ensures that the articulation device 18 and the driver 28 do not touch during normal operation.

[0064] If the drive 10 is switched from normal operation to emergency operation, the drive device 14 is first decoupled from the linkage device 18. Thus, in emergency operation, the linkage device is no longer rigidly coupled to the output shaft 15. The exact design of the coupling between the output shaft 15 and the linkage device 18 is not shown. For example, it is conceivable that the output shaft 15 and the linkage device 18 are coupled via a pin in normal operation and that the pin is removed in emergency operation, so that the linkage device 18 can be freely rotated around the output shaft 15 in emergency operation.

[0065] With the decoupling between the drive mechanism 14 and the linkage mechanism 18, the mechanical energy storage device 16 is charged in the closed position of the leaf via the motor 12 and the drive mechanism 14. In other words, the spring is tensioned without moving the leaf from the closed position. The tension is maintained either by the motor 12 or by the locking mechanism 38.

[0066] As soon as the leaf is opened, the spring is immediately released, for example when the motor 12 stops tensioning or when the locking device 38 releases the spring lock. Since the spring or the mechanical energy store 16 is connected to the drive device 14, the release of the spring acts as a drive for the drive device 14, causing the output shaft 15 to rotate. In emergency operation, the rotation of the output shaft 15 has no influence on the linkage device 18. However, there is an operative connection between the output shaft 15 and the driver 28, so that the release of the spring results in a closing movement of the driver 28, i.e. a movement of the driver around the output shaft 15 in the direction of the closed position of the door.The driver 28 is designed such that, after a delay period, the duration of which depends on how quickly and how far the door is opened in emergency operation, contact occurs between the driver 28 and the articulation device 18. More precisely, after the delay period, the driver 28 is received by a coupling device 30 attached to the articulation device 18, thereby establishing a coupling between the driver 28 and the articulation device 18. Accordingly, after the delay period, the driver 28 can act on the leaf via the articulation device and moves it from its open position into the closed position. The movement into the closed position is preferably braked by the motor, which is in generator mode.

[0067] With the drive 10 shown, a door can be opened in emergency mode without significant resistance, since the spring is initially decoupled from the linkage or leaf in emergency mode. Coupling of the aforementioned components is only permitted after a delay period. Since coupling is ensured after this period, reliable closing of the door is guaranteed.

[0068] The Figuren 3A, 3B und 3C show different coupling states between a linkage device 18 and a driver 28 (in a view from above). It is assumed that the coupling state shown in the Figuren 3A, 3B und 3C shown drive 10 essentially corresponds to the Fig. 2 corresponds to the drive shown.

[0069] In Fig. 3A The linkage device 18 and the driver 28 are rigidly coupled via the coupling device 30. While the upper figure shows the linkage device 18 in an open position of the wing (not shown), the lower figure shows the Fig. 3A the linkage device 18 in a closed position of the wing. The coupling state shown is necessary in emergency operation so that the driver 18 can bring the wing into the closed position via the linkage device 18.

[0070] Fig. 3B shows a coupling state as it exists either during normal operation or during charging of the mechanical energy storage device in emergency operation. In the coupling state shown, the linkage device 18 and the driver 28 are decoupled from each other. In this case, the linkage device 18 and the driver 28 are at an angle of approximately 90° to each other.

[0071] Fig. 3C also shows how Fig. 3B a coupling state in which the linkage device 18 and the driver 28 are decoupled from each other. In Fig. 3C the articulation device 18 and the driver 28 are at an angle of approximately 30° to one another. In this respect, a state in emergency operation is shown in which the driver 28 moves towards the closed position while the leaf and thus the articulation device have been opened and are now in an open position. As soon as the driver 28 couples to the articulation device 18 via the coupling device, the driver 28 takes the articulation device 18 along in its closing movement and thus closes the leaf. As long as, as shown, there is no coupling, barrier-free manual opening of the door is possible. Preferably, the drive 10 or in particular the driver 28 is designed such that, due to the closing delay, the maximum force on the door only acts after 4-10 seconds, depending on the position. In other words, the drive 10 according to the invention ensures that the door can run freely for 4-10 seconds in emergency operation.

[0072] Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a drive device 14 for a drive according to the invention. The driver 28 is integrated in the gear (and simultaneously acts as a decoupling device 30). The illustrated drive device 14 is drivingly connected to a motor 12 and a mechanical energy store 16. In this embodiment, the drive device 14 is designed as a gear with several drive wheels, more precisely as a gear with a worm gear stage and several spur gear stages. A cam disk 29 is connected to the mechanical energy store 16, which in turn is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a drive wheel 31. The drive wheel has an elongated hole extending in the circumferential direction, into which the driver 28 engages in the form of a pin. The output shaft 15 is rotationally fixedly connected to the driver 28 orConnected to a pin, but (due to the elongated hole) decoupleable from the cam disc 29 and the drive wheel 32. The motor 12 can rotate the cam disc 29 via the gear and the pin connection or the driver 28 and tension and lock the energy storage device. The door can therefore initially be opened without resistance from the energy storage device. If the motor releases the lock and delays the closing movement in generator mode, the elongated hole temporarily makes it possible to move the leaf without force until the energy storage device has rotated in the closing direction via the cam disc 29 or the drive wheel 32 or until the driver 28 has passed through the elongated hole in the drive wheel 32 until it stops.

[0073] The Fig. 5A und 5B show a second embodiment of the drive 10 according to the invention. The drive comprises a motor 12, a drive device 14, a mechanical energy storage device 16, a separate charging device 34 and a locking device 38. The drive 10 is connected via an output shaft 15 of the drive device 14 to a linkage device 18 for opening / closing a door.

[0074] The drive device 14 is in the Figuren 5A und 5B shown only schematically. It can be assumed that the drive device 14 is similar to the one shown in Fig. 4 shown drive device and comprises a driver 28.

[0075] Fig. 5A shows the drive 10 immediately after the emergency operation is triggered (and before a door is opened). Fig. 5B shows the drive 10 in emergency operation after a door has been opened.

[0076] In emergency operation, the mechanical energy storage device 16 is initially mechanically decoupled from the drive device 14 via the locking device 38. The mechanical energy storage device 16 is only coupled to the separate charging device 34. This is designed as a (separate) motor, which is configured to tension the mechanical energy storage device 16, which is designed as a spring, via a brake cable or the like, and thus charge it with potential energy. Immediately after emergency operation is triggered, the spring is tensioned and held in the tensioned state by the locking device 38. In this state, the linkage device 18 cannot be charged via the drive device 14 and mechanical energy storage device 16.

[0077] When the door is opened in emergency mode, the spring lock is immediately released. More precisely, the locking device 38, designed as a retaining lever, is flipped over and thus releases the spring. The drive 10 is designed such that when the lock is released, the spring is connected to the drive device 14 in a driving manner. It is assumed that the motor 12 is switched off in emergency mode. At least, it no longer drives the drive device 14. Since the mechanical energy storage device 16 is in emergency mode after a door is opened, as shown by Fig. 5B , but is connected to the drive device 14, it can drive the drive device 14 and thus the articulation device 18. However, since the drive device 14 includes the driver 28, the drive effect of the mechanical energy storage device 16 is not transferred directly to the articulation device 18, but only arrives there with a delay. Until the drive effect arrives, the articulation device 18 is in freewheeling mode. In this respect, barrier-free access is possible during this time.

[0078] In addition to the aforementioned deceleration by the driver, the separate charging device 34 in the present embodiment functions as a braking element 27, since it is operated in generator mode during the discharge process of the spring and thus represents a recuperation brake.

[0079] Fig. 6 shows a third embodiment of the drive 10 according to the invention in a housing 60. The drive 10 has a drive device 14 with an output shaft 15. The drive device 14 can be drivingly connected both to the motor 12 and to a mechanical energy storage device 16 (in the form of a spring). In the illustration shown, the drive 10 is in emergency operation, specifically during a discharging process of the mechanical energy storage device. The motor 12 is decoupled from the drive device 14 (not shown), while the mechanical energy storage device 16 is coupled to the drive device 14.

[0080] In this case, the mechanical energy storage device 16 is charged with potential energy via a separate charging device 34 (in this case, a second motor). In principle, the charging could also be carried out by the actual motor 12, which would make a second charging device superfluous. During discharging, the energy of the mechanical energy storage device 16 is transferred to the drive device 14 in a braked manner. The braking effect is achieved via a brake cable 36, which is wound, for example, on an axle in the second motor and brakes the spring during its relaxation. The spring is mounted between a first abutment 52 and a second abutment 54. When the spring is relaxed, the first abutment 52 is moved in the direction of the cam disk 29.The force of this movement is transmitted to the cam disc 29 via a roller on a pivot lever 46, which is pivotally mounted about the pivot axis 48, causing it to begin rotating and then rotate the output shaft. Optionally, the braking effect can be improved by having the second motor switch to generator mode when the door is opened, thus acting as a (second) braking element 27. Bezugszeichenliste

[0081] 10Drive 12Motor 14Drive device 15Output shaft 16Mechanical energy storage device 18Linkage device (e.g. sliding arm) 19Sliding block 20Leaf 22Sliding rail 24Door hinge 26Door handle 27Braking element 28Carrier 29Cam disc 30Decoupling device 32Drive wheel 34Separate loading device 36Brake cable 38Locking device 40Control device 42Sensor device 46Pivoting lever 48Pivoting axis 50Coupling point 52First abutment 54Second abutment 60Housing

Claims

1. Drive (10) for a pivotable leaf (20) of a door, a window or the like, comprising a drive device (14) which can be connected to a linkage device (18) for moving the leaf (20) between an open position and a closed position, and a mechanical energy store (16), wherein the drive (10) can be operated in normal operation and in emergency operation, wherein, when changing to emergency operation, the mechanical energy store (16) is designed to immediately begin discharging when the leaf (20) is opened, characterized in thatthe drive (10) further comprises a braking element (27), wherein the mechanical energy store (16) is designed to be charged in emergency operation when the leaf (20) is in the closed position and the braking element (27) is designed to transfer the energy released when the mechanical energy store (16) is discharged to the leaf (20) in a braking manner in order to move the leaf (20) into the closed position.

2. Drive (10) according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical energy storage device (16) is designed to be charged in emergency operation while being decoupled from the drive device (14) and / or the linkage device (18).

3. Drive (10) according to claim 2, wherein the mechanical energy storage device (16) is designed to be charged via the drive device (14) when the leaf is in the closed position, and / or wherein the drive (10) further comprises a separate charging device (34) which is designed to charge the mechanical energy storage device (16) when the leaf is in the closed position.

4. Drive (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a decoupling device (30) which is designed to cancel an existing coupling between the mechanical energy store (16) and the drive device and / or the linkage device (18) when changing to emergency operation.

5. Drive (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a motor (12) which is designed to be connected to the drive device (18) and to change to generator operation in emergency operation at the latest when the wing (20) opens, wherein the braking element (27) is formed by the motor (20) in generator operation.

6. Drive (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the braking element (27) is formed by a braking cable (36) on the mechanical energy storage device (16) and / or by a friction disc within the drive device.

7. Drive (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a driver (28) which is designed to enable a delay in the action of the mechanical energy store (16) on the wing (20).

8. Drive (10) according to claim 7, wherein the driver (28) is designed to allow an operative connection between the mechanical energy storage device (16) and the drive device (14) and / or the articulation device (18) in emergency operation when opening the wing (20) from a predetermined opening angle of the wing (20) with respect to the closed position.

9. Drive (10) according to one of claims 7 and 8, wherein the driver (28) is designed to bring about a movement of the leaf (20) into the closed position under the action of the mechanical energy store (16) within a period of 4 to 10 seconds, in particular within a period of 4 to 8 seconds, preferably in particular within a period of 4 to 6 seconds, after the opening in emergency operation.

10. Drive according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the driver (28) is configured to permit a coupling between the mechanical energy store (16) and the drive device (14) and / or the articulation device (18) only after a predetermined period of time in emergency operation; and / or wherein the driver (28) is configured, after opening in emergency operation, to immediately begin a movement under the action of the mechanical energy store (16), counter to the opening movement of the leaf and towards the articulation device (18) and / or the leaf (20), and to move the articulation device (18) and / or the leaf (20) into the closed position.

11. Drive (10) according to one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the driver (28) is arranged outside a housing (60) of the drive (10), wherein the driver (28) is designed in particular as a pivoting arm, in particular as a pivoting arm which is connected to the drive device (14); or wherein the driver (28) is arranged in the drive device (14), in particular wherein the driver (28) is designed to effect a transmission of the movement of drive wheels within the drive device (14) with deceleration to an output shaft (15) of the drive device (14).

12. Drive (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the braking element (27) is designed to transmit the energy released during the discharging of the mechanical energy storage device (16) to the leaf (20) in such a braked manner that a moment of the leaf (20) in the closing direction in emergency operation is at least temporarily, preferably always, at most 25 Nm.

13. Drive (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a control device (42) which is configured to change an operating mode of the drive (10) from normal operation to emergency operation upon receipt of an emergency signal, in particular further comprising a sensor device (42) which is configured to detect a movement of the wing (20) in the opening direction at least in emergency operation and to provide a corresponding opening signal, wherein the control device (40) is configured to cause an immediate discharge of the mechanical energy store (16) and an activation of the braking element (27) upon receipt of the opening signal.

14. Drive (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the drive (10) is designed to ensure an operative connection between the mechanical energy store (16) and the drive device (14) in the absence of a power supply, in particular in the absence of a power supply from an emergency power supply unit.

15. Drive (10) for a pivotable leaf (20) of a door, a window or the like, with a drive device (14) which can be connected to a linkage device (18) for moving the leaf (20) between an open position and a closed position, and with a mechanical energy store (16), wherein the drive (10) can be operated in normal operation and in emergency operation, wherein when changing to emergency operation the mechanical energy store (16) is designed to immediately begin discharging when the leaf (20) is opened, characterized in thatthe drive (10) further comprises a driver (28), wherein the mechanical energy store (16) is designed to be charged in emergency operation when the leaf (20) is in the closed position and the driver (28) is designed to transfer the energy released when the mechanical energy store (16) is discharged to the leaf (20) with a delay in order to move the leaf (20) into the closed position.

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