Spacer insert and method for forming a concrete wall comprising a fixing recess for a passenger transport system

Abstract

The invention relates to a placeholder insert (21) for forming a concrete wall (19) having a fastening recess (49) for a passenger transport system (1). The placeholder insert (21) has: a first section (23) extending in a longitudinal direction of the placeholder insert (21) for arrangement in a casting mold (45) for the concrete wall (19); a second section (25) extending in the longitudinal direction and adjacent to the first section (23) for arrangement in a formwork recess (43) of a first formwork element (37) of a formwork (35) forming the casting mold (45); and a predetermined breaking point (33) formed between the first section (23) and the second section (25) and extending in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a placeholder insert and a method for forming a concrete wall having a fastening recess for a passenger transport system.

[0002] A passenger transport system within the meaning of the present description can be, for example, an elevator, an escalator or a moving walkway. When constructing such a passenger transport system, for example in a building, it can be expedient to fasten components of the passenger transport system to a concrete wall of the building, for example by means of one or more fastening means. For this purpose, it may be necessary to form fastening recesses, such as holes, in the concrete wall, wherein the fastening means can then be fixed in the fastening recesses by means of dowels or anchor bolts. The components can be, for example, brackets, doors, clamps, holders and / or guide rails. The fastening means can be, for example, screws, in particular carriage bolts.

[0003] The fastening recesses can be drilled into the concrete walls in the conventional way. However, drilling is time-consuming, which can contribute to high costs. This can be further complicated by the fact that the concrete walls are often traversed by reinforcing bars, which may then have to be drilled through depending on the position of the fastening recess to be created, which entails additional time and effort. Furthermore, in practice, it can be difficult to form the fastening recesses with sufficient precision to be sufficient for the construction of the passenger transport system, as passenger transport systems today usually consist of very precisely prefabricated components that are then assembled on site and at least partially attached to the concrete walls of the building in question.

[0004] An alternative to securing components using fasteners fixed in recesses is to place C-rails, particularly Halfen rails, at the locations where the passenger transport system components will later be installed when pouring the concrete walls. In practice, however, it turns out that the C-rails are often "over-concreted," meaning they are completely or partially covered by the liquid concrete, so that they are no longer visible on the dried or hardened concrete wall and must then be searched for and exposed. This, in turn, entails additional time and corresponding costs.

[0005] There may be a need, among other things, for a device and a method for forming a concrete wall having a fastening recess for a passenger transport system, which contribute in a simple manner to the concrete wall and in particular the fastening recess being able to be formed cost-effectively and precisely.

[0006] Such a need can be met by the subject matter according to one of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are defined in the dependent claims and the following description.

[0007] According to one aspect of the invention, a placeholder insert for forming a concrete wall having a fastening recess for a passenger transport system is described. The placeholder insert comprises: a first portion extending in a longitudinal direction of the placeholder insert for placement in a casting mold for the concrete wall; a second portion extending in the longitudinal direction and adjacent to the first portion for placement in a formwork recess of a first formwork element of a formwork forming the casting mold; and a predetermined breaking point formed between the first portion and the second portion and extending in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

[0008] According to another aspect of the invention, a method for forming the concrete wall having the fastening recess for the passenger transport system is described. The method comprises: arranging the formwork, which has the first formwork element and at least one second formwork element and which forms the casting mold for the concrete wall, wherein the first formwork element has the continuous formwork recess; arranging the placeholder insert described above and below in the formwork recess such that the first section of the placeholder insert protrudes into the casting mold and the second section of the placeholder insert overlaps the formwork recess; pouring liquid concrete into the casting mold; drying the concrete in the casting mold;Removing the first formwork element from the dried concrete wall such that the predetermined breaking point of the placeholder insert breaks and the second section of the placeholder insert is removed together with the first formwork element; and removing the first section from the concrete wall so that the fastening recess is formed in the concrete wall in place of the removed first section.

[0009] According to another aspect of the invention, another method for forming the concrete wall having the fastening recess for the passenger transport system is described. The method comprises: arranging the formwork, which has the first formwork element and at least the second formwork element and which forms the casting mold for the concrete wall, wherein the first formwork element has the continuous formwork recess; arranging the placeholder insert described above and below in the formwork recess such that the first section of the placeholder insert protrudes into the casting mold and the second section of the placeholder insert overlaps the formwork recess; pouring the liquid concrete into the casting mold; drying the concrete in the casting mold;Removing the first formwork element from the dried concrete wall such that the predetermined breaking point of the placeholder insert breaks and the second section of the placeholder insert is removed together with the first formwork element; and leaving the first section in the fastening recess of the concrete wall formed by the pouring and drying step, so that a fastening element can be arranged at least partially in the interior of the first section. In this context, the first section can serve as a first fastening element, in the interior of which a second fastening element can be arranged.

[0010] The placeholder insert can thus be arranged in the formwork recess before the liquid concrete is poured into the casting mold so that the first section protrudes into the casting mold and the second section overlaps the formwork recess. After pouring and after the concrete has dried, the formwork can then be removed, whereby the placeholder insert is designed and arranged such that when the formwork is removed, the predetermined breaking point breaks, the second section is removed with the first formwork element and the first section remains in the fastening recess. Optionally, the first section can then be removed from the fastening recess, thereby exposing the fastening recess. The fastening recess can thus represent a negative form of the first section of the placeholder insert. In this case, the fastening recess can serve, for example, to accommodate a first fastening element.Alternatively, the first section can remain permanently in the mounting recess and serve as the first fastening element itself. The first fastening element can be, for example, a dowel, a sleeve, or a heavy-duty anchor. The sleeve can be a hollow cylinder with an internal thread on its inner wall.

[0011] In the case of the anchor or sleeve as the first fastening element, a second fastening element can be combined with the first fastening element. The second fastening element can, for example, be a screw or a threaded rod that can be secured in the first fastening element. The fastening element(s) can be used to attach one or more components of the passenger transport system, such as a bracket or a guide rail, to the concrete wall.

[0012] The placeholder insert can, for example, be cylindrical, whereby an axis of symmetry of the cylinder, to which the cylinder is rotationally symmetrical, can correspond to the longitudinal axis. The predetermined breaking point can, for example, form an interface or cutting surface of the first and second sections. The fact that the concrete has dried can mean, for example, that the concrete wall is so dry that it, and in particular the fastening recess, remains dimensionally stable even when the formwork is removed. In this context, the terms "dry," "dry," and "dried" are synonymous with the fact that the concrete has hardened or chemically set and is therefore dimensionally stable.

[0013] The fact that the second section of the placeholder insert overlaps the formwork recess can, for example, mean that the second section is positioned exactly within the formwork recess. For example, an outer wall of the second section can touch an inner wall of the formwork recess.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the placeholder insert is formed in two parts: a first part of the placeholder insert is formed by the first section, a second part of the placeholder insert is formed by the second section, and the first and second parts are connected to one another in such a way that the corresponding connection point serves as the predetermined breaking point. This can contribute to the formation of the predetermined breaking point in a simple manner. For example, the two parts can be firmly bonded to one another in such a way that the placeholder insert is sufficiently stable for the casting process, but that the predetermined breaking point breaks upon removal of the first formwork element, leaving the dried concrete wall, in particular the fastening recess, in perfect condition.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the placeholder insert has a third section which adjoins the second section on a side of the second section facing away from the first section and which has a larger outer diameter than the second section. The third section is designed, when the placeholder insert is used as intended, to protrude from the formwork recess on a side of the first formwork element facing away from the casting mold and to seal the formwork recess and / or to fix the placeholder insert in the direction towards the casting mold. The third section, which is widened with respect to the first and second sections, can serve to seal the formwork recess so that no concrete from the casting mold can penetrate through the formwork recess when the liquid concrete is poured.The third section, which is widened with respect to the first and second sections, can optionally also serve as a stop which prevents the placeholder insert from being inserted further into the formwork recess and / or which causes the placeholder insert to break and / or be pulled out of the fastening recess when the first formwork element is removed from the dried concrete wall.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the first section is designed as a hollow cylinder and has an axially extending interior space. The first section designed as a hollow cylinder can serve as the first fastening element and allows, for example, the second fastening element to be arranged and fastened in the first section. In this case, the first section can be designed, for example, as a dowel or a sleeve.

[0017] According to one embodiment, an inner wall of the interior of the first section has an internal thread. The internal thread can serve to accommodate the corresponding screw or threaded rod as the second fastening element. In this case, the first section can be designed, for example, as a sleeve.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the first formwork element is arranged vertically when the formwork is being arranged, and the first formwork element is pulled upwards at least approximately vertically when the first formwork element is removed. This causes the placeholder insert to break at the predetermined breaking point, the first section remains in the concrete wall, and the second section is removed together with the first formwork element. The fact that the first formwork element is pulled upwards at least approximately vertically when the first formwork element is removed can, for example, mean that the first formwork element is pulled upwards vertically or at an angle to the vertical, wherein the angle is in a range, for example from 0° to 30°, for example from 0° to 15°, for example from 0° to 5°.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the placeholder insert is arranged in the formwork recess such that it is secured at least in the direction toward the casting mold. This can contribute to the automatic removal of the second and, if applicable, the third section when removing the first formwork element, particularly when the first formwork element is removed in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction. If the first formwork element is lifted vertically upwards, the placeholder insert does not need to be secured in the direction toward the casting mold.

[0020] According to another aspect of the invention, another method for forming the concrete wall having the fastening recess for the passenger transport system is described. The method comprises: arranging the formwork, which has the first formwork element and at least the second formwork element and which forms the casting mold for the concrete wall, wherein the first formwork element has the continuous formwork recess; arranging the elongated placeholder insert in the formwork recess, wherein the placeholder insert is arranged in the formwork recess such that the first section of the placeholder insert protrudes into the casting mold, such that the second section of the placeholder insert, which is adjacent to the first section,the formwork recess overlaps and the placeholder insert is fixed at least in the direction towards the casting mold; pouring the liquid concrete into the casting mold; drying the concrete in the casting mold; and removing the first formwork element from the dried concrete wall such that the placeholder insert is automatically removed with the first formwork element, wherein the fastening recess is formed in the concrete wall in place of the removed placeholder insert. The fastening recess is formed in particular where the first section of the placeholder insert was arranged during the pouring of the concrete. The fastening recess thus represents a negative form of the first section of the placeholder insert. In contrast to the methods described above, in this method the second section does not remain in the fastening recess when the first formwork element is removed.but is removed along with the first section. In this case, a placeholder insert can be used that does not have a predetermined breaking point, but otherwise corresponds to the placeholder insert described above and below.

[0021] The fact that the placeholder insert is fixed at least in the direction toward the casting mold ensures that when the first formwork element is removed from the dried concrete wall, the placeholder insert is automatically removed with the first formwork element. The placeholder insert can be fixed at least in the direction toward the casting mold, for example, by a part of the placeholder insert facing away from the first section being designed such that it does not fit into the formwork recess and abuts the first formwork element on a side of the formwork facing away from the casting mold.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the placeholder insert is arranged in the formwork recess such that a third section of the placeholder insert, which adjoins the second section on a side of the second section facing away from the first section, protrudes from the formwork recess on a side of the first formwork element facing away from the casting mold. The placeholder insert has a diameter in the third section that is larger than a diameter of the formwork recess, and the placeholder insert is positively secured in the direction toward the casting mold due to the larger diameter of the third section. The first formwork element thus forms a stop for the third section of the placeholder insert.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the placeholder insert extends in a longitudinal direction, and the first formwork element is pulled away at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction when the first formwork element is removed. This has the simple effect that the placeholder insert is also removed when the first formwork element is removed, partially in the case of a predetermined breaking point and completely in the case of no predetermined breaking point. The fact that the first formwork element is pulled away at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction when the first formwork element is removed can, for example, mean that the first formwork element is pulled away parallel to the longitudinal direction or at an angle to the longitudinal direction, wherein the angle lies in a range, for example from 0° to 30°, for example from 0° to 15°, for example from 0° to 5°.

[0024] It should be noted that some of the possible features and advantages of the invention are described herein exclusively with reference to different embodiments of the spacer insert described above, and some are described exclusively with reference to one of the aforementioned methods. However, one skilled in the art will recognize that the features can be appropriately combined, adapted, or interchanged to achieve further embodiments of the invention.

[0025] Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein neither the drawings nor the description are to be construed as limiting the invention. Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of an example of a passenger transport system. Fig. 2 shows a side view of a placeholder insert according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3shows a sectioned side view of a formwork for pouring a concrete wall. Fig. 4 shows the formwork according to Figure 3 with two placeholder inserts, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 shows the formwork with the two placeholder inserts according to Figure 4 and concrete poured into the formwork, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 shows the concrete wall according to Figure 5 and the formwork partially removed from the concrete wall, as well as the placeholder inserts partially removed with the formwork, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 shows the concrete wall according to Figure 6 with two fastening recesses, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8 shows the formwork with two alternative placeholder inserts and the concrete poured into the formwork, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9shows the concrete wall according to Figure 8 and the formwork partially removed from the concrete wall, as well as the placeholder inserts removed with the formwork, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10 shows the concrete wall according to Figure 8 and the formwork partially removed from the concrete wall, as well as alternative placeholder inserts partially removed with the formwork, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] The figures are merely schematic and not to scale. The same reference numerals designate the same or equivalent features in the various figures.

[0027] Fig. 1shows a cross-section of an example of a passenger transport system 1. The passenger transport system 1 is designed, for example, as an elevator system. Alternatively, the passenger transport system 1 can be designed, for example, as an escalator system or a moving walkway system. The passenger transport system 1 serves to transport one or more loads, for example one or more people and / or one or more goods, for example from one floor of a building to another floor of a building. For this purpose, the passenger transport system 1 can have an elevator shaft 5 that extends through the building, for example in the vertical direction. The elevator shaft 5 is delimited in the lateral direction, i.e. perpendicular to the vertical direction, by a plurality of concrete walls 19. The concrete walls 19 can serve to attach one or more components of the elevator system.If the passenger transport system 1 is designed as an escalator or a moving walkway, one or more corresponding concrete walls 19 can be used to fasten one or more components of the escalator or the moving walkway.

[0028] The passenger transport system 1 comprises in the Figure 1The embodiment shown comprises an elevator car 3 which can be displaced within the elevator shaft 5 with the aid of a drive machine 11, in particular in the vertical direction. For this purpose, the elevator car 3 is held by one or more rope-, band-, or belt-like support means 9 which run over a traction sheave 13 driven by the drive machine 11 and which also hold a counterweight 7. The passenger transport system 1 can have an elevator control 17 for operating the drive machine 11. A brake 15 can be arranged on the drive machine 11. The brake 15 is designed to brake a rotation of the traction sheave 13 of the drive machine 11 or to prevent the traction sheave 13 from rotating in this way. The brake 15 can be controlled by means of the elevator control 17.

[0029] The passenger transport system 1 can have a plurality of brackets 16 arranged in the elevator shaft 5. The brackets 16 can, for example, serve to fasten the components of the passenger transport system 1 to one or more of the concrete walls 19. The components can, for example, have or be one or more guide rails 18 for guiding the elevator car 3 and / or the counterweight 7, in particular in the vertical direction. The brackets 16 can each be designed, for example, as angle brackets or clamps or have these. The brackets 16 can, for example, be fastened to the concrete walls 19 by means of suitable fastening means. The fastening means can, for example, have or be screws, dowels, sleeves and / or anchor bolts. The fastening means can, for example, be wholly or partially embedded in corresponding fastening recesses 49 (see Figure 6 , 7 , 9 and 10) be arranged, in particular fixed or secured, in the corresponding concrete wall 19.

[0030] Various embodiments of a placeholder insert 21 and a method for forming the fastening recesses 49 in the corresponding concrete wall 19 are described below with reference to the Figures 2 to 10 described.

[0031] Fig. 2shows a side view of a placeholder insert 21 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The placeholder insert 21 extends substantially in a longitudinal direction parallel to a longitudinal axis 22 of the placeholder insert 21. The placeholder insert 21 can, for example, be cylindrical or partially cylindrical, wherein an axis of symmetry of the cylinder, to which the cylinder is rotationally symmetrical, can correspond to the longitudinal axis 22. The placeholder insert 21 has a first section 23 extending in the longitudinal direction, a second section 25 extending in the longitudinal direction, and a predetermined breaking point 33. The placeholder insert 21 serves to form one of the fastening recesses 49 in the concrete wall 19.

[0032] The first section 23 is designed to be cast in a mold 45 (see Figure 3) for the corresponding concrete wall 19. The second section 25 adjoins the first section 23 and is designed to be at least partially inserted in a formwork recess 43 of a first formwork element 37 of a formwork 35 (see Figure 3 ), which forms the casting mold 45.

[0033] The predetermined breaking point 33 is formed between the first section 23 and the second section 25 and extends in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The predetermined breaking point 33 can, for example, form an interface or cutting surface of the first and second sections 23, 25.

[0034] The placeholder insert 21 can, for example, be formed in two parts, in other words in two pieces. In this case, a first part, in particular a first piece, of the placeholder insert 21 can be formed by the first section 23 and a second part, in particular a second piece, of the placeholder insert 21 can be formed by the second section 25. The first and the second part can be connected to one another in such a way that the corresponding connection point serves as the predetermined breaking point 33. For example, the two parts can be connected to one another in such a materially bonded manner that the placeholder insert 21 is suitable for a casting process in which liquid concrete 47 (see Figure 5 ) is poured into the casting mold 45, is sufficiently stable, but that when the first formwork element 37 is removed, the predetermined breaking point 33 breaks and the dried concrete wall 19, in particular the fastening recess 49, remains in perfect condition.

[0035] The first section 4323 can optionally be designed as a hollow cylinder and have an axially extending interior space 29. The first section 23 designed as a hollow cylinder can serve as a first fastening element and can be used, for example, to arrange and fasten a second fastening element in the first section 243. In this case, the first section 23 can be designed, for example, as a dowel or as a sleeve. An inner wall of the interior space 29 of the first section 23 can have an internal thread 31. The internal thread 31 can serve, in the case of a screw as the second fastening element, to receive the corresponding screw. In this case, the first section can be designed, for example, as a sleeve.

[0036] Optionally, the placeholder insert 21 can have a third section 27, which adjoins the second section 25 on a side of the second section 25 facing away from the first section 23. The third section 27 can have the same or a larger outer diameter than the second section 25. The third section 25 can be designed to protrude from the formwork recess 43 on a side of the first formwork element 37 facing away from the casting mold 45 when the placeholder insert 21 is used as intended, as explained further below. If the outer diameter of the third section 27 is larger than the second section 25, the third section 27 can serve to seal the formwork recess 43 and / or to fix the placeholder insert 21 in the direction towards the casting mold.The third section 27, which is widened relative to the first and second sections 23, 25, can thus serve to seal the formwork recess 43 so that no concrete 47 from the casting mold 45 can pass through the formwork recess 43 when the liquid concrete 47 is poured. The third section 27, which is widened relative to the first and second sections 23, 25, can alternatively or additionally also serve as a stop that prevents the placeholder insert 21 from being inserted further into the formwork recess 43 than shown below. Furthermore, the third section 27 can be designed so that the placeholder insert 21 breaks at the predetermined breaking point 33 if necessary and / or, in the absence of a predetermined breaking point 33, is pulled out of the fastening recess 49 when the first formwork element 37 is removed from the dried concrete wall 19.

[0037] Fig. 3shows a sectioned side view of the formwork 35 for casting one of the concrete walls 19. Figure 3 illustrates a first step of a method for forming the corresponding concrete wall 19, wherein the concrete wall 19 to be formed has at least one, for example two, of the fastening recesses 49 and wherein the concrete wall 19 is designed to hold and / or support one or more components of the passenger transport system 1. In the first step, the formwork 35 is arranged.

[0038] The formwork 35 forms the casting mold 45 for the corresponding concrete wall 19. The formwork 35 has the first formwork element 37 and at least one second formwork element 39, which delimit the casting mold 45 in the lateral direction. The formwork 35 can, for example, be arranged such that the formwork elements 37 are each vertically aligned and parallel to one another. For example, the first formwork element 37 has one or more, for example two, of the continuous formwork recesses 43. One or more reinforcing bars 41 can be arranged in the casting mold 45, which serve to stabilize the finished concrete wall 19. The reinforcing bars can, for example, be arranged parallel to the formwork elements 37 in the casting mold 45.

[0039] Fig. 4 shows the formwork 35 according to Figure 3 with two of the placeholder inserts 21, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4illustrates a second step of the method for forming the concrete wall 19 with the fastening recess(es) 49. In the second step, one of the placeholder inserts 21 described above and below can be arranged in the corresponding formwork recess 43 such that the first section 23 of the placeholder insert 21 projects into the casting mold 45 and that the second section 25 of the placeholder insert 21 overlaps the corresponding formwork recess 43. The fact that the second section 25 of the placeholder insert 21 overlaps the corresponding formwork recess 43 can mean, for example, that the second section 25 is arranged exactly in the corresponding formwork recess 43. For example, an outer wall of the second section 25 can touch an inner wall of the corresponding formwork recess 43.If the placeholder inserts 21 each have the third section 27, the placeholder inserts 21 can be arranged such that the third sections 27 protrude from the first formwork element 37 on a side of the formwork 35 facing away from the second formwork element 39.

[0040] Fig. 5 shows the formwork with the two placeholder inserts 21 according to Figure 4 and the concrete 47 poured into the formwork 45, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 illustrates a third step of the method for forming the concrete wall 19 with the fastening recess(es) 49. In the third step, the liquid concrete 47 is poured into the casting mold 45.

[0041] The concrete 47 can then dry or be dried in the mold 45. Since the dried concrete 47 - at least as far as the representation in the figures is concerned - does not differ from the liquid concrete 47, Figure 5 also serve to illustrate a fourth step of the method for forming the concrete wall 19 with the fastening recess(es) 49, namely the drying of the concrete 47. At the end of the fourth step, the concrete 47 is dried. The fact that the concrete 47 is dried can mean, for example, that the corresponding concrete wall 19 is so dry that it and in particular the corresponding fastening recess 49 are dimensionally stable, even if the formwork 45 is subsequently removed (see Figure 6 ).

[0042] Fig. 6 shows the concrete wall 19 according to Figure 5and the formwork 45 partially removed from the concrete wall 19, as well as the placeholder inserts 21 partially removed with the formwork 45, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6illustrates a fifth step of the method for forming the concrete wall 19 with the fastening recess(es) 49. In the fifth step, the formwork 45 is removed. In particular, the first formwork element 37 can be removed from the dried concrete wall 19 in such a way that the predetermined breaking point 33 of the placeholder insert 21 breaks, the second section 25 of the placeholder insert 21 is removed together with the first formwork element 37, and the first section 23 remains, at least initially, in the fastening recess 49. In this case, the first formwork element 37 can be pulled at least approximately vertically upwards in a first direction of movement 51, for example exactly vertically or at an angle to the vertical, wherein the angle can lie in a range, for example from 0° to 30°, for example from 0° to 15°, for example from 0° to 5°.

[0043] Fig. 7 shows the concrete wall 19 according to Figure 6with the two fastening recesses 49, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 illustrates a sixth step of the method for forming the concrete wall 19 with the fastening recess(es) 49. In the sixth step, the first sections 23 of the placeholder inserts 21 are removed from the concrete wall 19, so that the corresponding fastening recesses 49 are formed in the concrete wall 19 in place of the removed first sections 23. In particular, the fastening recesses 49 are exposed after the removal of the first sections 23. The fastening recesses 49 can thus represent negative forms of the first sections 23.

[0044] In this embodiment of the method for forming the concrete wall 19 with the fastening recess(es) 49, in which the first sections 23 are removed from the fastening recesses 49, the fastening recesses 49 can, for example, serve to each hold a first fastening element (in Figure 7not shown). The first fastening element can in this case be, for example, a dowel, a sleeve or a heavy-duty anchor. The sleeve can be a hollow cylinder having an internal thread on its inner wall. In the case of the dowel or the sleeve, a second fastening element (not shown) can be combined with the first fastening element. The second fastening element can, for example, be a screw or a threaded rod that can be secured in the first fastening element. The fastening element(s) can serve to fasten the components of the passenger transport system 1, for example one of the brackets 16 and / or the guide rail 18, to the concrete wall 19.

[0045] Alternatively, the first section 23 itself can be designed as the first fastening element, for example as a dowel or sleeve, and can remain permanently in the corresponding fastening recess 49 in order to be able to accommodate one of the second fastening elements, for example as in Figure 6 shown. In this case, the sixth step can be omitted and the second fastening means can be connected directly to the corresponding first sections 23, for example, screwed into them.

[0046] Fig. 8 shows the formwork 35 with two alternative placeholder inserts 21 and the concrete 47 poured into the formwork 35, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 illustrates a step of an alternative method for forming the concrete wall 19 having at least one of the fastening recesses 49. The alternative placeholder inserts 21 can each correspond to the method described with reference to Figure 2 explained placeholder insert 21, wherein the predetermined breaking point 33 can be dispensed with and wherein the presence of the third section 27 with the enlarged outer diameter is preferred.

[0047] A first step of the alternative method can be carried out according to the first step of the method described above. This first step is with reference to Figure 3 explained. In this first step, the formwork 35, which has the first formwork element 37 and at least the second formwork element 39 and which forms the casting mold 45 for the concrete wall 19, is arranged, wherein the first formwork element 37 in turn has at least one, for example two, of the continuous formwork recesses 43.

[0048] A second step of the alternative procedure can largely be compared to that related to Figure 4explained second step of the method explained above can be carried out accordingly. In this second step, the elongated placeholder insert(s) 21 can be arranged in the corresponding formwork recesses 43, wherein the placeholder insert(s) 21 can again be arranged in the corresponding formwork recess 32 such that the first sections 23 of the placeholder insert(s) 21 protrude into the casting mold 45 and the second sections 25 of the placeholder insert(s) 21 overlap the corresponding formwork recess 43. In contrast to the method explained above, however, in this embodiment of the method, the placeholder insert(s) 21 are preferably used which each have the third section 27 and in which the third sections 27 each have the larger outer diameters with respect to the second sections 25.The outer diameters of the third sections 25 are also larger than the inner diameters of the formwork recesses 43. This makes it possible to arrange the placeholder inserts 21 in the corresponding formwork recesses 43 in the second step such that the placeholder inserts 21 are each secured at least in the direction toward the casting mold 45. In particular, the placeholder inserts 21 can each be secured in a form-fitting manner due to the larger diameter of the third sections 27 in the direction toward the casting mold 45. Thus, the first formwork element 37 can form a stop for the third sections 27 of the placeholder inserts 21.In other words, the placeholder inserts 21 can be fixed at least in the direction towards the casting mold 45 by the third sections 27 being designed such that they do not fit into the formwork recess 43 and abut the first formwork element 37 on a side of the formwork 35 facing away from the casting mold 45. The fact that the placeholder inserts 21 are fixed at least in the direction towards the casting mold 45 has the effect that during the subsequent removal of the first formwork element 37 from the dried concrete wall 19, which is described below with reference to . Figure 9 explained, the placeholder inserts 21 are automatically removed with the first formwork element 37.

[0049] Optionally, the alternative method may utilize placeholder inserts 21 that do not have a predetermined breaking point 33. This may help ensure that when the first formwork element 37 is removed in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction, all of the placeholder inserts 21 are removed at once.

[0050] In a third step of the alternative method, corresponding to the third step of the method explained above, the liquid concrete 47 can be poured into the casting mold 45.

[0051] In a fourth step of the alternative method, corresponding to the fourth step of the method explained above, the concrete 47 can be dried in the casting mold 45, wherein Figure 8 shows the condition of the concrete wall 19 after pouring and / or during or after drying of the concrete 47.

[0052] Fig. 9 shows the concrete wall 19 according to Figure 8and the formwork 35 partially removed from the concrete wall 19, as well as the placeholder inserts 21 removed with the formwork 35, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9illustrates a fifth step of the alternative method for forming the concrete wall 19, which has at least one of the fastening recesses 49. In the fifth step, the first formwork element 37 can be removed from the dried concrete wall 19 such that the placeholder inserts 21 are automatically removed with the first formwork element 37, wherein the corresponding fastening recesses 49 are formed in the concrete wall 19 in place of the removed placeholder inserts 21. The fastening recesses 49 are formed in particular where the corresponding first sections 23 of the placeholder inserts 21 were arranged when the concrete 47 was poured. The fastening recesses 49 thus each represent a negative form of the first section 23 of the corresponding placeholder insert 21.

[0053] When removing the first formwork element 37, it can be pulled away in a second direction of movement 53 at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction in which the placeholder inserts 21 extend. Pulling the first formwork element 37 at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction can mean, for example, that the first formwork element 37 is pulled away parallel to the longitudinal direction or at an angle to the longitudinal direction, wherein the angle lies in a range, for example, from 0° to 30°, for example, from 0° to 15°, for example, from 0° to 5°.

[0054] Fig. 10 shows the concrete wall 19 according to Figure 8and the formwork 35 partially removed from the concrete wall 19, as well as alternative placeholder inserts 21 partially removed with the formwork 35, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The parts removed from the alternative placeholder inserts 21 are, for example, the second and third sections 25, 27 of the placeholder inserts 21. Figure 10 illustrates, among other things, a step of another alternative method for forming the concrete wall 19 having at least one of the fastening recesses 49.

[0055] A first step of the further alternative procedure can be carried out in accordance with the first step of the procedure relating to the Figures 3 to 7 described procedure. This first step is related to Figure 3explained. In this first step, the formwork 35, which comprises the first formwork element 37 and at least the second formwork element 39 and which forms the casting mold 45 for the concrete wall 19, can be arranged. The first formwork element 37 can in turn have at least one, for example two, of the continuous formwork recesses 43.

[0056] A second step of the further alternative procedure can largely be the one related to Figure 4explained second step of the method explained above, in which the elongated placeholder insert(s) 21 are arranged in the corresponding formwork recesses 43. The placeholder insert(s) 21 can in turn be arranged in the corresponding formwork recess 43 such that the first sections 23 of the placeholder insert(s) 21 protrude into the casting mold 45 and that the second sections 25 of the placeholder insert(s) 21 overlap the corresponding formwork recess 43. In addition, in the second step of the further alternative method according to the second step of the alternative method explained above, the placeholder insert(s) 21 can be arranged such that they are fixed at least in the direction towards the casting mold 45.In this embodiment of the method, the placeholder inserts 21 are again used, each having the third section 27, and in which the third sections 27 each have the larger outer diameter relative to the second sections 25. The outer diameters of the third sections 27 are again larger than the inner diameter of the formwork recesses 43. This makes it possible to arrange the placeholder inserts 21 in the second step in the corresponding formwork recesses 43 such that the placeholder inserts 21 are each fixed at least in the direction towards the casting mold 45. In particular, the placeholder inserts 21 can each be fixed in a form-fitting manner due to the larger diameter of the third sections 27 in the direction towards the casting mold 45. The first formwork element 37 can thus form a stop for the third sections 27 of the placeholder inserts 21.In other words, the placeholder inserts 21 can be fixed at least in the direction toward the casting mold 45 by designing the third sections 27 such that they do not fit into the formwork recess 43 and abut the first formwork element 37 on a side of the formwork 35 facing away from the casting mold 45. However, in contrast to the alternative method, the further alternative method requires the use of the placeholder inserts 21 that have the predetermined breaking point 33.

[0057] In a third step of the further alternative method, corresponding to the third step of the alternative method explained above, the liquid concrete 47 can be poured into the casting mold 45.

[0058] In a fourth step of the further alternative method, corresponding to the fourth step of the alternative method explained above, the concrete 47 in the casting mold 45 can be dried, wherein Figure 10 shows the condition of the concrete wall 19 after pouring and after the concrete 47 has dried.

[0059] Figure 10illustrates a fifth step of the further alternative method for forming the concrete wall 19, which has at least one of the fastening recesses 49. In the fifth step, the first formwork element 37 can be removed from the dried concrete wall 19 such that, upon removal of the first formwork element 37 from the dried concrete wall 19, only the second and third sections 25, 27 of the placeholder inserts 21 are automatically removed with the first formwork element 37, since the placeholder inserts 21 are fixed at least in the direction toward the casting mold 45. During this process, the predetermined breaking points 33 break, so that the first sections 23 of the placeholder inserts 21 remain in the corresponding fastening recesses 49 and only the second and third sections 25, 27 are removed.

[0060] When removing the first formwork element 37, it can be pulled away in the second movement direction 53 at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction in which the placeholder inserts 21 extend. Pulling the first formwork element 37 at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction can mean, for example, that the first formwork element 37 is pulled away parallel to the longitudinal direction or at an angle to the longitudinal direction, wherein the angle lies in a range, for example, from 0° to 30°, for example, from 0° to 15°, for example, from 0° to 5°.

[0061] Subsequently, the first sections 23 can remain in the corresponding fastening recesses 49 of the concrete wall 19 formed by the casting and drying step, so that the first sections 23 form the first fastening elements, for example, the dowels or sleeves. The second fastening elements can then be at least partially arranged in these first fastening elements, in particular in the interior spaces 29 of the corresponding first sections 23. The second fastening elements, which can be arranged at least partially in the interior spaces 29 of the first sections 23, can, for example, be the second fastening elements mentioned above.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that terms such as "having," "comprising," etc., do not exclude other elements or steps, and terms such as "a" or "an" do not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, it should be noted that features or steps described with reference to one of the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above. Reference signs in the claims are not to be considered as limitations.

Claims

1. A placeholder insert (21) for forming a concrete wall (19) having a fastening recess (49) for a passenger transport system (1), the placeholder insert (21) comprising: a first section (23) extending in a longitudinal direction of the placeholder insert (21) for arranging in a casting mold (45) for the concrete wall (19); a second section (25) extending in the longitudinal direction and adjacent to the first section (23) for arranging in a formwork recess (43) of a first formwork element (37) of a formwork (35) forming the casting mold (45); and a predetermined breaking point (33) formed between the first section (23) and the second section (25) and extending in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

2. Placeholder insert part (21) according to claim 1, wherein the placeholder insert part (21) is formed in two parts, a first part of the placeholder insert part (21) is formed by the first section (23), a second part of the placeholder insert part (21) is formed by the second section (25), and the first and the second part are connected to one another in such a way that the corresponding connection point serves as the predetermined breaking point (33).

3. Placeholder insert (21) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: a third section (27) which adjoins the second section (25) on a side of the second section (25) facing away from the first section (23) and which has a larger outer diameter than the second section (25), wherein the third section (27) is designed, when the placeholder insert (21) is used as intended, to protrude from the formwork recess (43) on a side of the first formwork element (37) facing away from the casting mold (45), and to seal the formwork recess (43) and / or to fix the placeholder insert (21) in the direction towards the casting mold (45).

4. Placeholder insert (21) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first portion (23) is designed as a hollow cylinder and has an axially extending interior space (29).

5. Placeholder insert (21) according to claim 4, wherein an inner wall of the interior space (29) has an internal thread (31).

6. A method for forming a concrete wall (19) having a fastening recess (49) for a passenger transport system (1), the method comprising: arranging a formwork (35) which has a first formwork element (37) and a second formwork element (39) and which forms a casting mold (45) for the concrete wall (19), wherein the first formwork element (37) has a continuous formwork recess (43); arranging a placeholder insert (21) according to one of claims 1 to 5 in the formwork recess (43) such that the first section (23) of the placeholder insert (21) projects into the casting mold (45) and that the second section (25) of the placeholder insert (21) overlaps the formwork recess (43); pouring liquid concrete (47) into the casting mold (45); Drying the concrete (47) in the casting mold (45);Removing the first formwork element (37) from the dried concrete wall (19) such that the predetermined breaking point (33) of the placeholder insert (21) breaks and the second section (25) of the placeholder insert (21) is removed together with the first formwork element (37); and removing the first section (23) from the concrete wall (19) such that the fastening recess (49) is formed in the concrete wall (19) in place of the removed first section (23).

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first formwork element (37) is arranged vertically when arranging the formwork (35) and the first formwork element (37) is pulled at least approximately vertically upwards when removing the first formwork element (37).

8. A method for forming a concrete wall (19) having a fastening recess (49) for a passenger transport system (1), the method comprising: arranging a formwork (35) which has a first formwork element (37) and a second formwork element (39) and which forms a casting mold (45) for the concrete wall (19), wherein the first formwork element (37) has a continuous formwork recess (43); Arranging an elongated placeholder insert (21) in the formwork recess (43), wherein the placeholder insert (21) is arranged in the formwork recess (43) in such a way that a first section of the placeholder insert (21) projects into the casting mold (45), that a second section of the placeholder insert (21), which is adjacent to the first section (23), overlaps the formwork recess (43), and that the placeholder insert (21) is fixed at least in the direction towards the casting mold (45); Pouring liquid concrete (47) into the casting mold (45);Drying the concrete (47) in the casting mold (45); and removing the first formwork element (37) from the dried concrete wall (19) such that the placeholder insert (21) is automatically removed with the first formwork element (37), wherein the fastening recess (49) is formed in the concrete wall (19) in place of the removed placeholder insert (21).

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the placeholder insert (21) is arranged in the formwork recess (43) during the arrangement in such a way that a third section (27) of the placeholder insert (21), which adjoins the second section (25) on a side of the second section (25) facing away from the first section (23), protrudes from the formwork recess (43) on a side of the first formwork element (37) facing away from the casting mold (45), the placeholder insert (21) has a diameter in the third section (27) which is greater than a diameter of the formwork recess (43), and the placeholder insert (21) is positively fixed in the direction towards the casting mold (45) due to the larger diameter of the third section (27).

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the placeholder insert (21) extends in a longitudinal direction and the first formwork element (37) is pulled away at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction when the first formwork element (37) is removed.

11. A method for forming a concrete wall (19) having a fastening recess (49) for a passenger transport system (1), the method comprising: arranging a formwork (35) which has a first formwork element (37) and a second formwork element (39) and which forms a casting mold (45) for the concrete wall (19), wherein the first formwork element (37) has a continuous formwork recess (43); arranging an elongated placeholder insert (21) according to one of claims 4 or 5 in the formwork recess (43) such that the first section (23) of the placeholder insert (21) projects into the casting mold (45) and that the second section (25) of the placeholder insert (21) overlaps the formwork recess (43); pouring liquid concrete (47) into the casting mold (45); Drying the concrete (47) in the casting mold (45);Removing the first formwork element (37) from the dried concrete wall (19) such that the predetermined breaking point (33) of the placeholder insert (21) breaks and the second section (25) of the placeholder insert (21) is removed together with the first formwork element (37); and leaving the first section (23) in the fastening recess (49) of the concrete wall (19) formed by the casting and drying step, so that a fastening element can be arranged at least partially in the interior space (29) of the first section (23).

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the placeholder insert (21) is arranged in the formwork recess (43) in such a way that it is fixed at least in the direction towards the casting mold (45).

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the placeholder insert (21) is arranged in the formwork recess (43) during the arrangement in such a way that a third section (27) of the placeholder insert (21), which adjoins the second section (25) on a side of the second section (25) facing away from the first section (23), protrudes from the formwork recess (43) on a side of the first formwork element (37) facing away from the casting mold (45), the placeholder insert (21) has a diameter in the third section (27) which is greater than a diameter of the formwork recess (43), and the placeholder insert (21) is positively fixed in the direction towards the casting mold (45) due to the larger diameter of the third section (27).

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the placeholder insert (21) extends in a longitudinal direction and the first formwork element (37) is pulled away at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction when the first formwork element (37) is removed.

Images