Top-down sublimation arrangement for an evaporation system and use of it
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2023856478
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2022-08-25
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-02
Smart Images

Figure 1.1
Abstract
Description
Top-down sublimation arrangement for an evaporation system and use of it
[0001] The invention concerns a top-down sublimation arrangement for an evaporation system and the use of it.
[0002] Evaporation systems are used to deposit material for instance under vacuum conditions by sublimation or evaporation onto a substrate and are widespread for instance in manufacturing optoelectronic devices, like thin film solar cell devices, light emitting devices, displays and so on. Such evaporation systems are known as batch and continuous evaporation systems. Usually these systems at least comprise at least one sublimation respectively deposition chamber, means for holding and / or transporting a substrate, means for heating and / or cooling the chamber and / or the substrate, at least one evaporation source suitable for evaporating or sublimating a contained evaporation material, means for heating the at least one evaporation source and means for pumping and / or ventilating. The term “evaporation” is usually used as a generic term for all thermally activated phase transitions of a substance into the gas state that occur at the surface of the substance. That is, evaporation often means vaporization, i.e. phase transition of a substance from the liquid phase to vapour, or sublimation, i.e. phase transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state without passing through the liquid state. Sublimation is often performed in close-space sublimation (CSS) systems, sometimes also called closed-space sublimation systems. Evaporation systems may be classified in bottom-up and top-down systems.
[0003] Bottom-up vacuum evaporation systems usually include evaporation arrangements, wherein the evaporation source is arranged underneath the substrate to be coated. Such systems are known, for instance, from WO 2010 / 035130 A2. These systems comprise evaporation sources evaporating the evaporation material at an upper end of the evaporation source upwards onto the underside of a substrate to be coated. In bottom-up systems, substrate holding respectively transporting is difficult and may cause damages of the substrate or the deposited material layer.
[0004] Top-down vacuum evaporation systems usually include evaporation arrangements, wherein the evaporation source is arranged above the substrate to be coated. Such systems are known, for instance, from KR 1020150017849 A and US 2013 / 0115372 A1. These systems comprise an evaporation source evaporating the evaporation material at an upper end of the evaporation source and redirecting it downwards onto the upper side of a substrate to be coated.
[0005] Also other systems are known, where the evaporation source is arranged beside the substrate instead of underneath or above. Such systems also comprise an evaporation source evaporating the evaporation material at an upper end of the evaporation source and directing it via gas streams onto the upper side of a substrate to be coated, like for instance in WO 2020 / 082282 A1. In principal, such systems would also be suited for bottom-up depositions, i.e. deposition of the evaporated material on the underside of a substrate.
[0006] Object of the invention is to provide an alternative top-down sublimation arrangement for evaporation systems where evaporated material is evaporated directly onto a substrate to be coated.
[0007] The object is solved by a top-down sublimation arrangement according to the independent claim. Specific embodiments are subject of the depending claims.
[0008] A top-down sublimation arrangement according to the invention for an evaporation system at least comprises
[0009] - at least one heatable top-down sublimation crucible having at least one sidewall, being fillable with an evaporation material and arranged above a substrate to be coated,
[0010] - at least one heatable lid comprising a plurality of apertures,
[0011] characterized in that the at least one heatable lid forms a bottom of the at least one sublimation crucible.
[0012] Advantageously, such a sublimation arrangement enables evaporating sublimated evaporation material downwards at a lower side of the crucible. Downwards means a vertical direction aligned with gravity. A lower side or a lower end of the crucible means a bottom of the crucible directed towards gravity and towards a substrate to be coated. Furthermore, no redirection of the sublimated evaporation material towards a substrate to be coated and arranged underneath the crucible is necessary.
[0013] A top-down sublimation arrangement according to the invention means an arrangement suitable for transferring a solid evaporation material into vapour phase to coat a substrate and suitable for arrangement within a sublimation chamber of an evaporation system. In embodiments, the top-down sublimation arrangement means a top-down vacuum sublimation arrangement. “Vacuum” means thereby any pressure within a sublimation chamber lower than normal pressure, wherein in embodiments the pressure is in the range of 1 Pa to 0.1 Pa (1 mbar to 10-6 mbar) . An evaporation material according to the invention is any material suitable to be coated onto a substrate and sublimating under certain conditions, like for instance pressure and temperature.
[0014] The top-down sublimation arrangement according to the invention is suitable for stationary or continuous deposition processes, preferably for continuous deposition processes. The top-down sublimation arrangement according to the invention is suitable for arrangement within a sublimation chamber of an evaporation system, wherein the evaporation system at least comprises at least one sublimation chamber, means for pumping and / or ventilating the at least one sublimation chamber, means for holding and / or transporting a substrate to be coated, means for heating and / or cooling the sublimation chamber and / or the substrate, at least one evaporation source suitable for evaporating or sublimating a contained evaporation material and means for heating the at least one evaporation source. In embodiments, the top-down sublimation arrangement according to the invention forms the at least one evaporation source. Furthermore, such an evaporation system can be used as a batch evaporation system in stationary deposition processes, i.e. by providing the at least one heatable top-down sublimation crucible filled with an evaporation material, evaporating the material and replacing the crucible or refilling the crucible when a defined amount of material is evaporated and while the deposition process is interrupted. However, the top-down sublimation arrangement according to the invention is especially suitable for being used as a permanent system in continuous deposition processes, in which the crucible is refilled with evaporation material without interrupting the deposition process. This will be explained later.
[0015] A heatable top-down sublimation crucible according to the invention means an evaporation source fillable with an evaporation material and suitable for heating the contained evaporation material above its sublimation temperature to enable sublimation of the evaporation material downwards at a lower end of the crucible. The at least one top-down sublimation crucible comprises at least one sidewall limiting an evaporation material storage space and defining a shell surface of the crucible and therefore an outer form of the heatable top-down sublimation crucible. Further, the outer form of the crucible is not limited as long as the crucible has an open upper end, a lower end respectively bottom, and at least one side wall. That is, the outer form of the crucible may be, for instance, a right or an oblique cylinder with a circular or oval area at the upper end and / or at the lower end, or any kind of right or oblique prism, e.g. a cuboid, or any other kind of body. Preferably, the crucible is a prism with a quadrangular, more preferably rectangular, area on the upper and the lower end of the crucible. In further embodiments, the crucible comprises four sidewalls, each connected to a face of the quadrangular, preferably rectangular area on the lower end of the crucible. In embodiments, the top-down sublimation crucible may be formed from one part or several parts. Several parts mean thereby the at least one side wall and the at least on heatable lid, arranged such forming the top-down sublimation crucible.
[0016] Heating of the sublimation crucible may be achieved by known heating means, for instance by a heating lamp, an RF coil, or a resistive heater, wherein these heating means may be placed on an outside of the crucible or placed at a distance from the crucible or may be even incorporated within the crucible, for instance within the at least one sidewall and / or bottom of the crucible. Such heating means may be physically separated from the crucible, and heat energy is transferred by radiation or convection at a large distance. Advantageously, the top-down sublimation crucible is heatable such that a temperature gradient along the height of the crucible is formed with highest temperature at the bottom of the crucible. The height of the crucible means an extension of the crucible along a vertical direction along gravity. In embodiments, the highest temperature at the bottom respectively the lower end of the crucible is in the range of 700℃ to 1000℃ depending on the type of evaporation material and its material specific sublimation temperature. In further embodiments, the temperature gradient comprises a lowest temperature at an upper end of the crucible, wherein the lowest temperature is in the range of 100℃ to 250℃. Advantageously, this enables continuous refilling the heatable crucible with solid evaporation material at the colder, upper end of the crucible and therefore uninterrupted continuous deposition processes. Furthermore, evaporation material filled first into the crucible is sublimated first (first in–first out) . The top-down sublimation arrangement according to the invention thus enables high deposition rates at moderate temperatures, using old material first and continuous doping results.
[0017] In embodiments, the temperature gradient between the temperature at the upper end and the temperature at the lower end of the crucible comprises temperatures in the range of 100 K to 750 K. Such a temperature gradient is opposite to a temperature distribution known from state-of-the-art bottom-up and top-down crucibles, where the highest temperature is at the upper end of the crucible and evaporating sublimated evaporation material at the upper side of the crucible.
[0018] According to the invention, the heatable lid forms the bottom of the sublimation crucible. Aheatable lid according to the invention means a plate-like element of polygonal or round shape suitable for forming a bottom of the crucible limiting the evaporation material storage space in the vertical direction at the lower end of the crucible and further being suitable for transmitting the sublimated material downwards. In embodiments, the heatable lid has the same shape and dimensions as the area at the lower end of the crucible formed by the at last one side wall of the crucible. Such a heatable lid is in direct physical contact to the evaporation material and provides heat to the evaporation material filled in the crucible from the bottom of the crucible to heat the evaporation material above its sublimation temperature. In embodiments, the heatable lid is heated such that resublimation, i.e. deposition of vaporized evaporation material at the at least one heatable lid is prevented. In embodiments, the at least one heatable lid is a quadrangular, preferably rectangular shaped element with a thickness in the range of 3 mm to 20 mm.
[0019] Heating of the at least one heatable lid may be achieved by known heating means, for instance by a heating lamp, an RF coil, or a resistive heater, wherein these heating means may be placed on the outside of the at least one heatable lid or placed at a distance from the at least one heatable lid or may be even incorporated within the at least one heatable lid. Furthermore, the lid itself may be a heater, that is, the lid comprises a material which heats when electrical current flows through it.
[0020] In embodiments, the heatable top-down sublimation crucible and / or heatable lid are made from graphite, ceramics, or polycrystalline materials such as silicon carbide, preferably graphite.
[0021] For transmitting the sublimated material towards a substrate to be coated, the lid comprises a plurality of apertures. Each of the apertures, i.e. openings, has an upper end, i.e. an entrance, arranged on an upper surface of the lid, and a lower end, i.e. an exit, arranged on a lower surface of the lid. The upper surface of the lid is oriented towards the evaporation material filled into the top-down sublimation crucible and the lower surface of the lid is oriented towards the substrate. The openings are formed such that the upper end of one opening is not in direct vertical line with the lower end of the same opening.
[0022] Advantageously, these apertures enable passage of vaporized evaporation material and prevent or at least reduce direct passage of particles of solid evaporation material downwards towards the substrate arranged underneath the crucible. Among others, the plurality of apertures defines the deposition rate onto the substrate.
[0023] In embodiments, each of the plurality of apertures may have any cross-sectional shape, like for instance a round or quadrangular shape, wherein the cross-sectional shape of some or of all of the apertures may be the same or may differ from others.
[0024] In embodiments, cross-sectional area of each single aperture of the plurality of apertures depends on the particle size of the solid evaporation material filled in the top-down sublimation crucible. Advantageously, the cross-sectional area is smaller than the smallest size of particles of the solid evaporation material to prevent passage of solid particles through the apertures. In further embodiments, the cross-sectional area of each of the plurality of apertures is in the range of 0.5 mm2 to 10 mm2.
[0025] Cross-sectional area and shape of a single aperture as well as distribution of the plurality of apertures within the at least one heatable lid is based on state-of-the-art lids usually used in bottom-up sublimation arrangements, like for instance close spaced sublimation arrangements. In embodiments, the plurality of apertures is distributed such within the at least one heatable lid that more apertures with a greater summarized cross section are arranged at the circumferential edges of the at least one heatable lid to compensate decreased sublimation rates towards the sidewalls of the crucible compared to the center of the crucible.
[0026] According to embodiments, an inner face of at least one sidewall is inclined forming an evaporation material storage place with increasing cross section towards the bottom of the crucible.
[0027] This may be achieved by arranging the respective sidewall oblique with respect to vertical direction or by varying the thickness of the sidewall. Increasing the cross section towards the bottom of the crucible is advantageous because of the formed temperature gradient along the height of the crucible. The expansion of the evaporation material within the crucible is highest at the lower end of the crucible respectively at the bottom of the crucible due to the highest temperature of the temperature gradient at the lower end respectively bottom of the crucible. Obviously, the value of expansion of the evaporation material within the crucible depends on the type of evaporation material filled into the crucible.
[0028] An inner face of at least one sidewal l means an inner surface of at least one sidewal l which is directed towards the evaporation material and in direct contact with the evaporation material filled in the crucible.
[0029] In embodiments, the inclined inner face of at least one sidewall is inclined by 10° or less with respect to the vertical, preferably by 5° or less, towards the bottom of the crucible. However, the angle to the vertical is higher than 0 (zero) in these embodiments.
[0030] Advantageously, the expansion of the evaporation material due to heating the evaporation material above its sublimation temperature is compensated by the inclination of the at least one sidewall of the crucible.
[0031] In embodiments, the heatable lid is formed by a single plate. In this case, the apertures are formed for instance siphon-like or like an oblique cylinder, meaning that an entrance, i.e. the upper end, and an exit, i.e. lower end, of each aperture within the plate are arranged displaced to each other in horizontal directions of the plate and connected by a tunnel like passage. A horizontal direction means a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction along gravity and oriented within the plane of the plat-like heatable lid.
[0032] In embodiments, the at least one heatable lid comprises two heatable plates arranged above each other.
[0033] Advantageously, two heatable plates allow simpler forms of apertures in the individual plates as compared with apertures of a lid formed of only one plate. Apertures in the individual plates of the two plates may be formed as straight cylinders with circular, oval areas at the entrance and / or exit of the aperture or slit-like, wherein the entrance and the exit of one and the same aperture in one plate may lie above each other along the vertical direction. However, the exit of an aperture in one of the plates does not overlap with the entrance of an aperture in the other plate. That is, the apertures of a first plate and of a second plate are displaced to each other in horizontal directions of the plates Thus, the resulting aperture having its entrance on the upper side of the lid and its exit on the lower side of the lid, i.e. the aperture resulting from the combination of one aperture in the first plate and one aperture in the second plate, has no direct connection along gravity direction between its entrance and its exit. Direct passage of solid particles towards the substrate is therefore prevented. A passage of the sublimated particles is realized by a distance between the plates at least in defined region, the distance providing a connecting passage for the sublimated particles from the exit of an aperture in the first plate to the entrance of an aperture in the second plate. The first plate means thereby the plate of the two plates which is arranged closer to the crucible and the second plate means the plate of the two plates arranged closer to the substrate. In other words, the first respectively the second plate is the plate sublimated evaporation material passes through first respectively second on his way towards the substrate. An upper surface of the first plate oriented towards the crucible forms thereby the upper surface of the heatable lid. A lower surface of the second plate oriented towards the substrate forms the lower surface of the heatable lid.
[0034] In embodiments, the two heatable plates are arranged above each other with a distance in the range of 30 mm to 300 mm. In further embodiments, the two heatable plates are arranged above each other with direct contact of the two heatable plates.
[0035] In further embodiment, the two plates may be electrically connected to each other. This enables advantageously controlled heating of the two plates.
[0036] In embodiments, the at least one sidewall of the crucible has a height up to 1.5 m.
[0037] Advantageously, a suitable temperature gradient along the height of the crucible is achieved enabling refilling of evaporation material from the colder, upper end of the crucible. Furthermore, lowest temperatures in the range of 100℃ to 250℃ at the upper end of the crucible are achieved.
[0038] In embodiments, the arrangement further comprises a heatable particle collecting device.
[0039] Advantageously, such a particle collecting device collects particles of solid evaporation material which in cases may pass the apertures of the at least one heatable lid.
[0040] In embodiments, the heatable particle collecting device is heated to a temperature above the sublimation temperature of the evaporation material. Advantageously, resublimation of vaporized evaporation material is prevented. Furthermore, sublimation of collected solid particles of the evaporation material is enabled.
[0041] In embodiments, the heatable particle collecting device is connected to the at least one heatable lid such forming a deposition zone.
[0042] Advantageously, the heatable particle collecting device directs and / or focusses the vaporized evaporation material towards the substrate such that vaporized evaporation material passes only through the deposition zone towards the substrate to be coated.
[0043] In embodiments, the particle collecting device comprises at least a first part formed as an inclined plane with an angle of inclination in the range from 15° to 60°. In further embodiments, the particle collecting device further comprises a second part, formed as a plane oriented essentially parallel to the substrate to be coated and the at least one heatable lid and connected to the end of the first part. Advantageously, such a heatable particle collecting device connected to the at least on heatable lid forms a funnel-shaped hopper for directing and focusing vaporized evaporation material towards the substrate. Such a funnel-shaped hopper is restricted in a vertical direction upwards by the at least one heatable lid and downwards by the second part of the particle collecting device. In a first horizontal direction parallel to the substrate transport direction, the funnel-shaped hopper is restricted by the first part of the particle collecting device and a wall of a sublimation chamber of the evaporation system or other elements arranged within the sublimation chamber. In a second horizontal direction, perpendicular to the first horizontal direction and the vertical direction, walls of the sublimation chamber or other elements arranged within the sublimation chamber restrict the funnel-shaped hopper.
[0044] In embodiments, the particle collecting device is made of graphite, ceramics or resistant polycrystalline materials such as silicon carbide with embedded or integrated heating means, like for instance shielded Kanthal wires from Nickel chromium alloys or direct resistive heating of conducting materials.
[0045] In further embodiments, the particle collecting device is connected to the lower surface of the at least one heatable lid. In embodiments, the particle collecting device is connected to a first edge of the at least one heatable lid, wherein the first edge is parallel to a first edge of the substrate to be coated. The first edge of the substrate defines an edge perpendicular to the transport direction of the substrate within a continuous evaporations system.
[0046] In embodiments, a deposition zone with lateral extensions along the first horizontal direction in the range of 100 mm to 2000 mm is formed. In further embodiments, the lateral extensions of the deposition zone along the second horizontal direction are at least equal to the width of the substrate to be coated. The width of the substrate meaning the extension of the substrate perpendicular to the substrate transport direction.
[0047] In further embodiments, a pit or a recess is formed within an upper surface of the second part of the particle collecting device, the upper surface being directed towards the lid. The pit or recess serves for collecting the solid particles and preventing them from falling off the second part of the particle collecting device.
[0048] The dimensions of the first and the second part of the particle collecting device are chosen in dependence on the desired lateral dimensions of the deposition zone, which in turn depend on the desired deposition rate, the velocity of a substrate moved along the first horizontal direction and other conditions known to a person skilled in the art.
[0049] In embodiments, the arrangement further comprises a particle shielding device.
[0050] The particle shielding device is especially advantageously when a deposition zone is formed by a particle collecting device as described above. The heatable particle shielding device prevents particle of solid evaporation material to pass the deposition zone towards the substrate to be coated. Nevertheless, the particle shielding device may be present also in other embodiments. In these cases, the function of particle shielding may be reduced, but other functions of the particle shielding device as described below may be performed.
[0051] In embodiments, the particle shielding device is suitable for supplying gas towards the deposition zone or towards a zone above the substrate, for instance gases containing doping or other elements needed to coat the substrate with layers of a desired material. In further embodiments, the particle shielding device is arranged above the deposition zone and the substrate to be coated and underneath the at least one heatable lid. In further embodiments, the particle shielding device is arranged within the funnel-shaped hopper formed by the at least one heatable lid, the particle collecting device and walls or other elements of the sublimation chamber the top-down sublimation arrangement is arranged in. In further embodiments, the particle shielding device is arranged in a distance from 20 mm to 250 mm to an upper surface of the second part of the heatable collecting device and / or an upper surface of the substrate and / or the at least one heatable lid, wherein the upper surface of the heatable particle collecting device or of the substrate, respectively, is oriented towards the at least one heatable lid.
[0052] In further embodiments, the particle shielding device is formed as a tubular half shell, wherein an open side of the tubular half shell is oriented towards the substrate.
[0053] In embodiments, the particle shielding device is made from suitable materials, like graphite, ceramics or polycrystalline materials.
[0054] In embodiments, the particle shielding device is heatable. In embodiments, the particle shielding device is heated above the sublimation temperature of the evaporation material. Advantageously, such a heatable particle shielding device prevents resublimation of vaporized evaporation material as well as sublimation of particles of solid evaporation material.
[0055] In embodiments, the arrangement further comprises an evaporation material supply device.
[0056] Advantageously, this enables continuous refilling of evaporation material and therefore continuous, i.e. uninterrupted, deposition processes.
[0057] The evaporation material supply device may be any device known from state-of-the-art, suitable for refilling a crucible from the upper end.
[0058] In embodiments, the evaporation material supply device is arranged above the heatable top-down sublimation crucible. Advantageously, this enables refilling of the top-down sublimation crucible from the colder, upper end of the crucible preventing negative effects like splashing of evaporation material known from bottom-up sublimation crucibles.
[0059] In embodiments, the evaporation material supply device is formed as a rotatable tubular half shell suitable to be inserted into the sublimation chamber the top-down sublimation arrangement is arranged in. Such a rotatable tubular half shell can be rotated manually or automatically around the tube axis to receive and release evaporation material. Such a rotatable tubular half shell evaporation material supply device may be inserted into the sublimation chamber of the evaporation system via a loadlock known by experts. The rotatable, tubular half shell is made from suitable materials, like steel, graphite, ceramics or polycrystalline materials. Especially in cases where the crucible has a rectangular shape with a longer extension along the direction of the tube axis than perpendicular thereto, the amount of evaporation material inserted into the tubular half shell may vary over the length of the tubular half shell. Thus, for instance, different sublimation rates at the edges of the crucible compared to the centre of the crucible may compensated.
[0060] In embodiments, the arrangement further comprises cooling means.
[0061] Advantageously, the cooling means enable adjusting the temperature gradient of the top-down sublimation crucible.
[0062] In embodiments, the cooling means are arranged above the top-down sublimation crucible. This enables adjusting the temperature at the open upper end of the crucible. In embodiments, the cooling means may be incorporated in the sublimation chamber of the evaporation system, for instance integrated in a wall of the sublimation chamber arranged above the crucible and / or as separated cooling means arranged within the sublimation chamber above the crucible.
[0063] In further embodiments, two of the inventive top-down sublimation arrangements for an evaporation system are combined within a sublimation chamber of the evaporation system. Advantageously, co-sublimation of different evaporation materials is therefore possible.
[0064] In this case, the top-down sublimation arrangement comprises two crucibles and two heatable lids as described above, wherein each one of the lids forms a bottom of one of the crucibles. The crucibles are provided such that they are adjacent to each other and that they provide deposition material to one and the same deposition zone. One or more of the elements described above may be dedicated to only one of the crucibles or to both. For instance, aparticle collecting device, particle shielding device, evaporation material supply device and / or cooling means as described above may be shared by both of the crucibles.
[0065] In embodiments, at least two of the inventive top-down sublimations arrangements for an evaporation system are combined within a sublimation chamber of the evaporation system. This enables advantageously co-deposition as well as in-situ doping of the evaporation material. In further embodiments, one or more of the above-described further elements, like for instance particle collecting devices, particle shielding devices, evaporation material supply devices and / or cooling means may be assigned to at least one of the at least two top-down sublimation arrangements.
[0066] The invention further concerns the use of a top-down sublimation arrangement at least comprising at least one heatable top-down sublimation crucible having at least one sidewall, fillable with evaporation material and arranged above a substrate to be coated, and at least one heatable lid comprising a plurality of apertures, wherein the at least one heatable lid forms a bottom of the at least one sublimation crucible, in an evaporation system or in an evaporation method.
[0067] For realization of the invention, it is advantageous to combine the described embodiments and features of the claims as described above. However, the embodiments of the invention described in the foregoing description are examples given by way of illustration and the invention is nowise limited thereto. Any modification, variation and equivalent arrangement should be considered as being included within the scope of the invention.
[0068] Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate and / or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present invention. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific embodiments dis-cussed herein. Therefore, it is intended that this invention is limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.
[0069] Exemplary embodiments
[0070] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles. Other embodiments of the invention and many of the intended advantages will be readily appreciated, as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other. Like reference numbers designate corresponding similar parts.
[0071] Fig. 1 shows a side view of an exemplary embodiment of the inventive top-down sublimation arrangement,
[0072] Fig. 2 shows a side view of another exemplary embodiment of the inventive top-down sublimation arrangement comprising two crucibles.
[0073] Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a top-down sublimation arrangement 1 suitable for arranging within a sublimation chamber of an evaporation system in a side view. The top-down sublimation arrangement 1 at least comprises one heatable top-down sublimation crucible 10 fillable with evaporation material 11 and arranged above a substrate 12 to be coated (substrate transport direction is marked by an arrow) . The bottom of the crucible 10 is formed by at least one heatable lid 13. Circles within the at least one heatable lid 13 designate heating means. The top-down sublimation crucible 10 comprises sidewalls 14 limiting an evaporation material storage space fillable with evaporation material 11, for instance CdTe. The sidewalls 14 have varying thicknesses each. Therefore, inner faces 141 of the sidewalls are inclined such that they form the evaporation material storage place with increasing cross section towards the bottom of the crucible 13. The sidewalls 14 and the heatable lid 13 are heated such that a temperature around 700℃ is reached at the bottom of the crucible 10. The at least one heatable lid 13 is formed of a single plate and comprises a plurality of apertures 131 (shown in the detail of the figure) enabling passage of vaporized evaporation material 11. The apertures 131 are formed like a siphon an extend from an upper surface 132 of the lid 13 to a lower surface 133 of the lid, wherein an entrance 134 of the aperture 131 is formed in the upper surface 132 and an exit 135 of the aperture 131 is formed in the lower surface 133. The entrance 134 and the exit 135 are shifted in horizontal direction with respect to a vertical line such that they do not lie above each other along the vertical direction.
[0074] The arrangement 1 further comprises a heatable particle collecting device 15 connected to a lower surface of the heatable lid 13. Circles within the heatable particle collecting device designate heating means. The particle collecting device 15 comprises a first part 15.1 formed as an inclined plane and a second part 15.2 formed as an essentially horizontal plane and connected to the first part 15.1. The heatable particle collecting device 15 forms together with walls of the sublimation chamber of the evaporation system (not shown) a funnel-shaped hopper for directing and focusing vaporized evaporation material 11 towards the substrate 12. Vaporized evaporation material 11 passes through the deposition zone 16 towards the substrate 12. The arrangement 1 further comprises an evaporation material supply device 17 arranged above the cold, upper end of the crucible 10. The evaporation material supply device 17 is formed as a rotatable, tubular half shell and suitable for inserting into the sublimation chamber the top-down sublimation arrangement 1 is arranged in. The arrangement 1 further comprises a particle shielding device 18 arranged above the deposition zone 16 above the substrate 12 and underneath the bottom of the crucible 13. The particle shielding device 18 is formed as a tubular part shell, wherein an open side of the tubular half shell is oriented towards the substrate 12. Above the crucible 10, cooling means 19 are arranged which serve for regulate the temperature at the top of the crucible 10 to a temperature in the range of 100℃ to 150℃.
[0075] Fig. 2 shows another exemplary embodiment of the top-down sublimation arrangement 100 suitable for arranging within a sublimation chamber of an evaporation system in a side view. The arrangement shown in Fig. 2 enables co-sublimation of different evaporation materials. The top-down sublimation arrangement 100 comprises two heatable top-down sublimation crucibles 10 fillable with evaporation material 11a or 11b and arranged above a substrate 12 to be coated each (substrate transport direction is marked by an arrow) . The evaporation materials 11a and 11b may be different, for instance CdTe and CdSe. The arrangement 100 further comprises two heatable lids 13, wherein each heatable lid 13 forms the bottom of one crucible 10. Circles within the heatable lids 13 designate heating means. The top-down sublimation crucibles 10 comprise sidewalls 14 limiting an evaporation material storage space fillable with evaporation material 11 each. The sidewalls 14 have varying thicknesses each, forming the evaporation material storage place with increasing cross section towards the bottom of the crucibles 13. Each of the heatable lids 13 comprises a plurality of apertures (not shown) enabling passage of vaporized evaporation material 11. The arrangement 100 further comprises two heatable particle collecting device 15 connected to a lower surface of one of the two heatable lids 13 each, wherein each of the heatable particle collecting devices 15 is assigned to one of the two crucibles 10 and arranged according to Fig. 1. Circles within the heatable particle collecting devices 15 designate heating means. The particle collecting devices 15 comprise a first part 15.1 formed as inclined plane and a second part 15.2 formed as a plane and connected to the first part 15.1 each. The heatable particle collecting devices 15 each forms together with walls of the sublimation chamber of the evaporation system (not shown) a funnel-shaped hopper for directing and focusing vaporized evaporation material 11 towards the substrate 12. Vaporized evaporation material 11 passes through the deposition zone 16 towards the substrate 12. The arrangement 100 further comprises two evaporation material supply devices 17 each assigned to one of the crucibles 10 and arranged above the cold, upper end of one of the two crucibles 10. The evaporation material supply devices 17 are formed each as a rotatable, tubular half shell and suitable for inserting into the sublimation chamber the top-down sublimation arrangement 1 is arranged in. The arrangement 100 further comprises one particle shielding device 18 arranged above the deposition zone 16 above the substrate 12 and underneath the bottom of the crucibles 13 each. The particle shielding device 18 is formed as a tubular half shell, wherein an open side of the tubular half shell is oriented towards the substrate 12.
[0076] Reference signs
[0077] 1, 100 top-down sublimation arrangement
[0078] 10 heatable top-down sublimation crucible
[0079] 11, 11a, 11b evaporation material
[0080] 12 substrate
[0081] 13 at least one heatable lid
[0082] 131 aperture
[0083] 132 upper surface of the lid
[0084] 133 lower surface of the lid
[0085] 134 entrance of the aperture
[0086] 135 exit of the aperture
[0087] 14 sidewall of the crucible
[0088] 141 inner face of the sidewal l
[0089] 15 heatable particle collecting device
[0090] 15.1 first part of the particle collecting device
[0091] 15.2 second part of the particle collecting device
[0092] 16 deposition zone
[0093] 17 evaporation material supply device
[0094] 18 particle shielding device
[0095] 19 cooling means
Claims
1.Top-down sublimation arrangement for a evaporation system at least comprising- at least one heatable top-down sublimation crucible having at least one sidewall, being fillable with evaporation material and arranged above a substrate to be coated,- at least one heatable lid comprising a plurality of apertures,characterized in that the at least one heatable lid forms a bottom of the at least one sublimation crucible.2.Top-down sublimation arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that an inner face of at least one sidewall is inclined forming an evaporation material storage place with increasing cross section towards the bottom of the crucible.3.Top-down sublimation arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner face of at least one sidewall is inclined by 10° or less with respect to the vertical, preferably by 5° or less, towards the bottom of the crucible.4.Top-down sublimation arrangement according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least one heatable lid is formed by a single plate.5.Top-down sublimation arrangement according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least one heatable lid comprises two heatable plates arranged above each other.6.Top-down sublimation arrangement according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one sidewall of the crucible has a height up to 1.5 m.7.Top-down sublimation arrangement according to any of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the arrangement further comprises a heatable particle collecting device.8.Top-down sublimation arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that the heatable particle collecting device is connected to the at least one heatable lid such forming a deposition zone.9.Top-down sublimation arrangement according to any of the claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the arrangement further comprises a particle shielding device.10.Top-down sublimation arrangement according to any of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the arrangement further comprises an evaporation material supply device.11.Top-down sublimation arrangement according to any of the claims 1 or 10, characterized in that the arrangement further comprises cooling means.12.Use of a top-down sublimation arrangement at least comprising- at least one heatable top-down sublimation crucible having at least one sidewall, being fillable with evaporation material and arranged above a substrate to be coated,- at least one heatable lid comprising a plurality of apertures,wherein the at least one heatable lid forms a bottom of the at least one sublimation crucible, in an evaporation system or in an evaporation method.