System for continuous, needs-based power supply for a building, method for controlling a system for continuous, needs-based power supply for a building, and control unit for controlling a system for continuous, needs-based power supply for a building, and computer program product

Abstract

The invention relates to a system (1000) for continuous, needs-based power supply for a building (2000), comprising a first power supply module (100) for providing an energy amount of a first energy form, a first energy conversion module (200) having a first, primary-load-dependent energy converter (210) for primary-load-dependent conversion of a portion of the provided energy amount of the first energy form into a second energy form that is different from the first energy form, and a first energy store (220 / 230) for storing an energy amount of the second energy form, a consumer module (600 / 800) having at least one consumer of the building (2000) for consuming a needs-based energy amount of the first energy form and / or a needs-based energy amount of the second energy form, and a control unit (900) for controlling the modules of the system (1000), wherein the system (1000) also has a second energy conversion module (300) having a second energy converter (310) for converting another portion of the energy amount of the first energy form into a third energy form that is different from the first and the second energy forms, wherein, alongside the conversion of the other portion of the energy amount of the first form into the third energy form, a portion of the other portion of the energy amount of the first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form, and has a second energy store (320) for storing the energy amount of the third energy form, and has a third energy converter (330 / 340) for converting a stored energy amount of the third energy form into the first energy form, wherein, alongside the conversion of the stored energy amount of the third energy form into the first energy form, a portion of the energy amount of the third energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form.

Description

[0001] SYSTEM FOR THE CONTINUOUS, DEMAND-BASED ENERGY SUPPLY OF A BUILDING, METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A SYSTEM FOR THE CONTINUOUS, DEMAND-BASED ENERGY SUPPLY OF A BUILDING AND CONTROL UNIT FOR

[0002] CONTROLLING A SYSTEM FOR THE CONTINUOUS, DEMAND-BASED ENERGY SUPPLY OF A BUILDING AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT

[0003] Description

[0004] The present disclosure relates to a system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building, a method for controlling a system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building, a control unit for controlling a system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building and a computer program product.

[0005] background

[0006] With regard to the optimal use of available energy and in particular with regard to the potential effects of excessive, often unnecessary energy consumption, which leads, for example, to increased CO2 emissions in energy production and thus, for example, to a promotion of climate change, etc., it is more than ever a goal to use systems and machines whose main task is, for example, the production of components or the provision of IT services (such as calculations and / or storage options, etc.) for heat generation and thus for heating other areas, for example residential and office buildings, but also stables, etc.

[0007] Typically, these machines and systems are powered by electrical energy, with drives or large processor units converting a large portion of the electrical energy into thermal energy (heat). This thermal energy is essentially dissipated into the environment, particularly the outside air, as waste heat via appropriate cooling systems. This means that a significant portion of the energy supplied to the system is released back into the environment unused, resulting in more resources being used to generate electrical energy and heat the buildings than necessary.

[0008] State-of-the-art technology provides possibilities, for example, to use the waste heat from servers for other purposes through appropriately modeled water cooling, instead of simply discharging it into the environment.

[0009] However, the idea of ​​using the waste heat from these machines and systems for other purposes often leads to the problem that these machines or systems are sometimes not operated continuously with the same load (primary load for producing components or primary load for performing computing operations, etc.), so that a continuous generation of thermal energy (as a kind of secondary load) cannot take place.

[0010] In some cases, the primary loads of the machines or systems can be subject to such large fluctuations that a continuous supply of heat is not possible, for example to supply a building. This creates a need for a system that advantageously uses the fluctuations in over- and under-generation of electrical and thermal energy to ensure a correspondingly continuous supply of electrical and thermal energy to a building.

[0011] In view of the disadvantages described above, it is an object of the present application, based on the prior art described above, to provide an improved system for the continuous, demand-oriented energy supply of a building and a correspondingly improved method for controlling the system for the continuous, demand-oriented energy supply of the building, with which the problems and disadvantages of the already known solutions are avoided and instead the amount of energy produced is made continuously usable and storable.

[0012] Summary

[0013] The present disclosure relates to a system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building, a method for controlling a system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building, a control unit for controlling a system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building and a computer program product.

[0014] In particular, to achieve the above-mentioned object, a system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building according to claim 1, a method for controlling a system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building according to claim 24, a control unit for controlling a system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building according to claim 33, and a computer program product according to claim 34 are proposed. The dependent claims relate to some exemplary preferred embodiments.

[0015] According to one aspect, an exemplary system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building is proposed, comprising a first energy supply module for providing an amount of energy of a first energy form, a first energy converter module having a first, primary load-dependent energy converter for the primary load-dependent conversion of a portion of the provided amount of energy of the first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form, and a first energy storage device for storing an amount of energy of the second energy form, a consumer module having at least one consumer of the building for consuming a demand-dependent amount of energy of the first energy form and / or a demand-dependent amount of energy of the second energy form, and a control unit for controlling the modules of the system, wherein the system further comprises a second energy converter module,which has a second energy converter for converting another part of the energy quantity of the first energy form into a third energy form different from the first and second energy forms, wherein during the conversion of the other part of the energy quantity of the first energy form into the third energy form, a part of the other part of the energy quantity of the first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form, a second energy store for storing the energy quantity of the third energy form, and a third energy converter for converting a stored energy quantity of the third energy form into the first energy form, wherein during the conversion of the stored energy quantity of the third energy form into the first energy form, a part of the energy quantity of the third energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form.

[0016] In particular, the control unit can control the modules of the system in such a way that, if the amount of energy of the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module, the excess amount of energy is stored at a different time or simultaneously in the first energy store for storing the second energy form and in the second energy store for storing the third energy form, and that, if the amount of energy of the first energy supply module generated or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module,provided amount of energy of the first energy form is smaller than the amount of energy of the first and the second energy form consumed by the consumer module, the amount of energy stored in the first energy store for storing the second energy form and the amount of energy stored in the second energy store for storing the third energy form, after it has been converted into an amount of energy of the first and / or the second energy form, is released again for consumption in the consumer module.

[0017] The control unit of the exemplary system can advantageously control the storage and discharge processes of the energy storage devices such that the storage process of the energy storage device for the second energy form occurs simultaneously with the storage process of the energy storage device for the third energy form. Both staggered storage of the different energy forms and sequential storage are possible. The same applies to the discharge processes of the storage devices, which can also be time-controlled. Various conditions can be used as a stipulation / dependency (for example, due to different efficiencies of the individual energy forms compared to the other energy form during conversion or the need for a corresponding energy form for consumption in the building, etc.) to determine when and how each storage device is charged or discharged.

[0018] The exemplary system can ensure a continuous supply of the building with electrical and thermal energy despite the primary load-dependent conversion of, for example, electrical energy (for example, the first form of energy) into, for example, thermal energy (for example, the second form of energy), which can sometimes lead to highly fluctuating generation and thus provision of thermal energy (heat) for the supply of the building.

[0019] A surprisingly positive effect on this system is the use of the third form of energy (e.g. chemical energy) as a kind of compensation energy form for the need for the first form of energy (e.g. electrical energy) and / or the second form of energy (e.g. thermal energy) for the continuous supply of machines and equipment, the building and its technical units / modules.

[0020] In the event of an energy surplus (more energy is available than is consumed), particularly an electrical surplus, the excess energy can be converted into chemical energy and stored for later use when, for example, there is too little electrical or thermal energy available to power the machinery and equipment, as well as the building. Electrical and thermal energy can be recovered from the stored chemical energy when needed and used to advantage for the continuous supply of the machinery and equipment, as well as the building and / or its technical units / modules.

[0021] A major advantage of this method is, among other things, the ability to store comparatively large amounts of chemical energy in a comparatively small space, since chemical energy (e.g. gases such as hydrogen, methane, etc.) is easily compressible under moderate pressure (e.g. in the range of 30 to 40 bar), whereby the amount of energy required to compress the gases to reach these pressure levels (e.g. an amount of electrical energy used for this purpose) is comparatively manageable.

[0022] A further advantage of this method is the possibility of using gases such as hydrogen in several ways to recover thermal or electrical energy. One option would be to burn the hydrogen in a suitable device, such as a combined heat and power plant; another option would be to use the hydrogen in a fuel cell.

[0023] The so-called cold combustion in the fuel cell also produces waste heat at around 55 °C. In a combined heat and power plant, the exhaust gas temperatures are typically between 300 °C and 400 °C. This allows both waste heat, in the low- to medium-temperature range and in the high-temperature range, as well as electrical energy to be provided for further use in the exemplary system.

[0024] In this way, a continuous supply of the building with electrical and thermal energy can be ensured in various ways and in particular with regard to which form of energy (thermal or electrical) in which quality is additionally required, despite the fluctuating provision or generation of thermal energy (due to the primary load dependency of the first energy converter), and the operation of the machines / systems (e.g. machine tools, computing units, etc.) as well as the technical units / modules (e.g. the heat pump) of the building and thus of the exemplary system can be ensured or supported.

[0025] The exemplary system makes it possible to advantageously utilize the respective advantages and disadvantages of the various energy forms such as electrical (e.g. first energy form), thermal (e.g. second energy form) and chemical (e.g. third energy form) for the continuous supply of the building.While, for example, the conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy is associated with very high efficiencies, the storage of very large quantities of electrical energy or heat can be problematic, as such storage systems require a lot of space or lead to uneconomical overall systems due to their high investment costs. In contrast, the conversion of electrical energy to chemical energy occurs with somewhat lower efficiency. However, the storage of chemical energy (for example, in the form of gas / fuel gas) offers opportunities for higher energy density in the storage of chemical energy due to compression compared to electrical or thermal energy storage. Depending on the extent of the energy surplus or shortage, or the need for a specific form of energy, the system can be used advantageously.

[0026] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the first energy supply module has a first energy generator for generating an amount of energy of the first energy form, wherein the generated amount of energy of the first energy form is dependent on at least one first, discontinuous energy source, in particular a renewable energy source such as solar energy and / or wind energy.

[0027] If electrical energy (e.g. the first form of energy) is provided by renewable energies, the problem of a continuous energy supply to the building becomes even more complex and therefore more obvious. When it comes to generating electrical energy using renewable energies, photovoltaic systems on the roofs of buildings or on the associated property are particularly popular. Small wind turbine solutions (e.g. wind turbines, vertical wind turbines, etc.) are also available on the market today and are becoming increasingly popular. One problem with these energy sources, particularly energy from solar radiation (solar energy) and energy from air flow (wind energy), is their availability. At night, when the sun is not shining, no solar energy can be generated. The same applies when there is no wind; then no wind turbine can generate electrical energy for use.If both occur together, it is a so-called "dark lull".

[0028] A further problem is that during the day, when the sun is shining and can therefore be used to generate energy, there is often a lack of suitable consumers, particularly in private households, since the majority of the population works outside of their own home during the day and thus the energy generated at home often cannot be fully used for their own devices and equipment (such as lighting, computers and printers, etc.). A similar problem also exists with wind energy, which could in principle be produced at any time of day or night, but only when the wind is blowing. Ideally, the energy generated would also be consumed at this time.

[0029] The exemplary system makes it possible for the amount of energy generated from discontinuous energy sources such as solar radiation (using photovoltaic or solar systems) or air flow (using wind turbines) to be made available day and night to supply a building.

[0030] Times of energy surplus are used to fill the energy storage units in order to compensate for the missing amount of energy during times of lower energy production by photovoltaic units and / or wind turbines, especially times when less energy is generated than is consumed by the building's consumers.

[0031] Even when using discontinuous energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy to provide electrical energy, the use of chemical energy as a form of compensation energy has proven extremely positive, as the fluctuations in the supply of electrical energy could also be used or compensated for very advantageously by the system described above, ensuring a continuous supply of the building with electrical and thermal energy. The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed by the first energy supply module having a third energy storage unit for storing a

[0032] amount of energy of the first energy form.

[0033] In particular, the control unit can control the modules of the system in such a way that, if the amount of energy of the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module, the excess amount of energy is stored at a time offset or simultaneously in the first energy store for storing the second energy form, in the second energy store for storing the third energy form and in the third energy store for storing the first energy form, and that, if the amount of energy of the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module,provided amount of energy of the first energy form is smaller than the amount of energy of the first and the second energy form consumed by the consumer module, the amount of energy stored in the first energy store for storing the second energy form, the amount of energy stored in the second energy store for storing the third energy form after this has been converted into an amount of energy of the first and / or the second energy form, and the amount of energy stored in the third energy store for storing the first energy form is released again for consumption in the consumer module with a time delay or at the same time.

[0034] The exemplary development also makes it possible to advantageously store energy quantities of the first energy form (e.g., electrical energy). This allows, for example, very high surpluses of electrical energy, for example, to be stored / buffered at least temporarily and made available for conversion into chemical energy for longer-term storage, or conversely, to store the additional electrical energy generated during the conversion of chemical energy, for example, into thermal energy, and make it available to the exemplary system again when needed. Here, too, the control unit can control the storage and discharge processes of the electrical storage device in accordance with the storage and discharge processes already described.

[0035] Not only the consumer module(s) of the building can be supplied with the stored and re-made available energy, but also the machines and systems as primary load-dependent heat generators as well as the technical units / modules of the building and thus of the exemplary system itself as a whole. The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the first energy converter module has a fifth energy storage device which is designed to convert an amount of energy of the second energy form into an amount of energy of the third energy form and to store this, wherein the fifth energy storage device is designed to convert the stored amount of energy of the third energy form back into an amount of energy of the second energy form.

[0036] The fifth energy storage device advantageously allows the energy quantity of the second energy form (e.g., thermal energy) to be directly converted into an energy quantity of the third energy form (e.g., chemical energy) and prepared for storage in the fifth energy storage device. Furthermore, the fifth energy storage device is configured to perform this process reversibly, so that the stored energy quantity of the third energy form is converted back into an energy quantity of the second energy form, and this (second energy form) can be made available for feeding into the exemplary system by the fifth energy storage device.

[0037] The fifth energy storage device can be advantageously used in the described system because, in addition to the surplus electrical energy, a surplus thermal energy can also be present in the exemplary system. For example, such a thermal surplus can occur when the primary load-dependent heat generators are fully utilized and all other thermal storage devices are fully loaded, but less heat is consumed in the building's consumer modules than is generated, so that a chemical heat storage device can be advantageously used here. Another example of the advantageous use of the chemical heat storage device can be the storage of the thermal energy generated during the reconversion of the chemical energy stored in the third energy storage device by the third energy converter.

[0038] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the storage of the excess energy quantity of the various energy forms in the energy storage devices, the release of the energy quantity of the various energy forms stored in the energy storage devices and the conversion of the excess or released energy quantity of the various energy forms takes place in a sequence controlled by the control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to control the sequence depending on a primary load of the first, primary load-dependent energy converter and a requirement of the consumer module for an energy quantity of the first energy form and an energy quantity of the second energy form.In particular, the factor of utilization of the primary load of the first energy converter can be a relevant parameter for the control of the system, on the one hand to determine and thus "plan" the amount of thermal energy to be generated, but on the other hand also to constantly compare the producible thermal energy with the demand of the building's consumer module and, in this case, for example, in the event of overproduction / overgeneration of thermal energy, to initiate appropriate storage of the excess thermal energy. The same naturally applies to a surplus of electrical energy, which can also be advantageously stored either directly or first converted into another form of energy, for example thermal and / or chemical energy, and stored accordingly.

[0039] But other parameters such as the availability of storage capacity for individual energy forms or the short-term provision of comparatively large amounts of energy, for example large amounts of electrical energy for energy-intensive manufacturing processes, can also be advantageously taken into account when controlling the system.

[0040] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the first energy storage device comprises a short-term storage device for the short-term storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form and a long-term storage device for the medium to long-term storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form.

[0041] It is particularly advantageous to provide a short-term storage system (e.g. a so-called stratified storage system, buffer storage system or heat buffer, which is filled with water, for example) in combination with a long-term storage system (e.g. a so-called seasonal storage system or annual storage system) for the storage of thermal energy. While even smaller amounts of thermal energy (e.g. in addition to the thermal energy from the primary load-dependent heat generators, also thermal energy from the conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy and its reconversion in the second orWhile thermal energy (e.g., a third energy converter) can be excellently stored in a short-term storage unit and released for use in the building throughout the day or even for a few days, larger quantities of thermal energy (such as the thermal energy from primary load-dependent heat generators) can be stored in a long-term storage unit for long-term storage and release of the heat over several weeks or even months. The heat in the short-term and long-term storage units can be used not only for heating the building but, of course, also for domestic hot water heating.

[0042] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the short-term storage and the long-term storage are in direct operative connection with each other, so that an amount of energy of the second energy form can be exchanged between the short-term storage and the long-term storage.

[0043] The direct connection allows heat to be exchanged directly between the two storage units without first having to be fed into the heating network, which facilitates the transfer of heat quantities. The direct connection can be achieved, for example, by directly connecting the two storage units (short-term storage and long-term storage) with water pipes or similar. Heat can also be exchanged, for example, via a plate heat exchanger.

[0044] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the control unit is further configured to control the storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form in the first energy storage device such that the energy quantity is primarily stored in the short-term storage device and the energy quantity of the second energy form is subsequently stored in the long-term storage device.

[0045] As already described, it may be advisable to initially store the heat in the short-term storage (for example, to release it again over the rest of the day or night to heat the building or prepare hot water), while any excess heat, once the short-term storage is full or at least partially full, can be stored in the long-term storage. However, other boundary conditions may also be considered to determine the order in which the heat is stored.

[0046] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the second energy converter for converting the first form of energy into the third form of energy and the third energy converter for converting the third form of energy into the first form of energy of the second energy converter module are an assembly which is designed to carry out the process for converting the third form of energy into the first form of energy as a reversible process of converting the first form of energy into the third form of energy. As a result of this advantageous embodiment of the exemplary system, the number of individual components in the system can be kept somewhat lower overall, such that control of the components by the control unit is simplified. In particular, the exemplary system can be advantageously designed in such a way that the conversion of the first form of energy into the third form of energy and of the third form of energy into the first form of energy involves a direct orone-step conversion of the original energy form into the target energy form.

[0047] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed with a second energy supply module which has a second energy generator for generating the third energy form, wherein the generation of an energy quantity of the third energy form by the second energy generator is dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source, wherein the second energy supply module further has a fourth energy converter for converting the third energy form into the second energy form.

[0048] The exemplary system can be advantageously expanded with an additional energy supply module, since in addition to the existing regenerative or renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, wood, for example, can now also be used as a renewable raw material. This second energy generator can be switched on as needed, initially supporting the system by generating gas as a third energy source. Subsequently, it can feed heat into the system by converting chemical energy into thermal energy, thus supplying or replenishing the short-term and / or long-term storage units with heat. Furthermore, the fifth energy storage unit can also be charged with thermal energy.The advantage is, for example, that heat from the fifth storage unit (chemical heat storage unit) can be released as needed, while the second energy generator, designed as a log gasifier, for example, burns down its entire amount of wood and necessarily provides the energy completely within a few hours.

[0049] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the second energy supply module has a fourth energy storage device for storing the second energy form, wherein the fourth energy storage device for storing the second energy form is in no or direct operative connection with the first energy storage device for storing the second energy form for exchanging an amount of energy of the second energy form.

[0050] In particular, it is of course advantageous if the second energy supply module further has its own energy storage device for storing heat quantities, which may be connected to the short-term storage device and thus heat quantities can be transferred from the energy storage device of the second energy supply module to the first energy storage device.

[0051] The exemplary system can advantageously be provided with an additional consumer which is different from the at least one consumer of the consumer module of the building and which consumes an amount of energy of the second energy form, wherein the control unit is configured to control the additional consumer in such a way that, if the energy storage devices for storing the second energy form (for example the thermal short-term and long-term storage device or the chemical heat storage device) essentially no longer have any capacity for an additional amount of energy of the second energy form, an excess amount of energy of the second energy form (which arises, for example, due to the utilization of the primary load-dependent heat generators and / or the conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy and its reconversion) is supplied to the additional consumer for consumption in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the system, in particular the amount of energy of the second energy form.

[0052] This additional consumer is capable of removing large amounts of thermal energy (a second form of energy) from the system, for example, if there is already too much thermal energy in the system and a type of "emergency cooling" of the system is required and / or if all storage units are already fully charged. For example, a heated outdoor pool can be used for this purpose, heating its large volume of water, allowing the potentially excess heat to be released into the environment.

[0053] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the first form of energy is electrical energy, the second form of energy is thermal energy and the third form of energy is chemical energy.

[0054] The exemplary system is particularly suitable for the combined use / utilization of electrical, thermal, and chemical energy. As already described, each energy form has advantages and disadvantages with regard to production, conversion, and storage. Depending on the situation or the availability of energy sources (such as solar and wind energy or energy from renewable raw materials such as wood or plant materials in general) or the energy requirements of the building (for example, differences in the building's energy demand between the summer and winter seasons and / or demand from primary load-dependent heat generators such as servers / processing units, machine tools, packaging systems, etc.), it may be advantageous to prefer one energy form over another.

[0055] The advantages of each individual energy form in the exemplary system can be used to control energy management more efficiently and in line with demand.

[0056] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the assembly is a reversible fuel cell that can convert an amount of electrical energy into an amount of chemical energy in one process and can carry out this process in reverse, from chemical energy to electrical energy.

[0057] As a component of the exemplary system, a reversible fuel cell can advantageously be provided, which can convert electrical energy into chemical energy (for example, into fuel gas such as hydrogen, ammonia, or methane) and is also capable of performing this process in reverse. This advantageously allows switching between the two energy forms, and depending on the need (for example, the need for one energy form or the need for special properties such as better storability, etc.), the (better) suitable energy form can be selected and converted or reconverted accordingly.

[0058] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the system further comprises a connection to the public power grid, wherein the control unit is configured to allow or stop the supply of electrical energy from the public power grid into the system and to allow or stop the supply of electrical energy from the system into the public power grid.

[0059] By connecting to the public power grid, the system can rely on an external energy supply at times when the system's own energy production (such as through solar and wind power, for example during the so-called "dark lull") is not possible or sufficient and / or the storage facilities of the exemplary system are virtually empty. Furthermore, such a connection can also be used to feed additional amounts of energy into the system and, if necessary, store it. This can be particularly advantageous when, for example, the costs for the energy quantities are comparatively low (for example, comparing prices for night-time electricity with prices for daytime electricity, or when a particularly large amount of green electricity is available from wind and solar power, or when demand for electricity is lower).

[0060] The exemplary system is controlled by the control unit in such a way that the producers of electrical energy at any given time generate as much electricity as the consumers of electrical energy consume. Producers can be, for example, wind turbines / photovoltaic units. Consumers can be, for example, technical systems (such as the first, primary load-dependent energy converter or the second energy converter) and household electronics. Electrical storage devices (such as the third energy storage device), due to their ability to both absorb electrical power and, at another time, emit electrical power, can be regulated by the control unit for power consumption in accordance with the amount of excess electrical power at that time and can therefore be allocated to the consumers. At another time with a deficit of electrical power, i.e.If the electrical power / energy consumption by consumers is higher than the electrical energy generated by generators, the electrical storage units can be regulated by the control unit to output electrical power to the level corresponding to the electrical power deficit. This means that the electrical storage units can be attributed to the electrical generators in the second example. In both cases, the electrical power transfer to the public grid is zero. The internal power grid continues to oscillate at 50 hertz, synchronous to the public grid, but without any power transfer (also known as parallel operation).

[0061] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the system has a heat pump which increases the amount of thermal energy in the system by reversing the heat-power process, wherein the heat pump uses the thermal energy stored in the long-term storage of the first energy storage device.

[0062] A heat pump, as a further advantageous component of the exemplary system, can further increase the amount of energy (e.g., per liter of water or per cubic meter of air) because it reverses the heat-power process and increases the amount of heat through additional work performed. The additional amount of heat can be advantageously supplied to the exemplary system, and in particular, advantageously to the storage devices for the second energy form. The heat pump can, for example, utilize the electrical and thermal energies generated by the conversion of chemical energy to further increase the amount of heat in the exemplary system.

[0063] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the long-term storage of the first energy storage device is a seasonal heat storage device, in particular an earth basin heat storage device.

[0064] By using so-called seasonal heat storage systems, the generated or converted energy from the second energy form (heat) can be stored for a comparatively long time and made available to the consumer over this long period. It can be particularly advantageous to use an earth basin heat storage system, as this can be installed, for example, in the foundation of a building, eliminating the need for additional, larger space in or in the immediate vicinity of the building for this form of seasonal heat storage. Furthermore, a seasonal heat storage system can also be designed as a geothermally effective ground collector layered on several levels with hydraulic thermal energy feed-in and withdrawal capabilities, as well as top and side insulation.

[0065] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the first energy converter is a computer unit which carries out computing operations as a primary load and converts the primary load-dependent electrical energy into thermal energy by carrying out the computing operations.

[0066] A particularly advantageous embodiment of the exemplary system is that a computing unit such as a server structure or an entire data center is used to generate or convert heat (e.g., second form of energy) from electrical energy (e.g., first form of energy), the primary load of which is the computing operations, but as a type of secondary load, thermal energy is generated from electrical energy, which can be made available to the system for use and, in particular, for supplying the building.

[0067] Since these computing systems require a significant amount of electrical energy, which is mainly converted into heat by the computing processes themselves, it is only advantageous to use this generated heat and, for example, to heat a building and / or to heat water instead of dissipating it into the environment via a cooling system.

[0068] The use of computing units for heat generation is advantageous because digitalization in society will continue to advance and thus computing capacity will be needed in the future to meet the demand for servers and storage space.

[0069] Other devices, such as machine tools, production plants, logistics systems, etc., which have correspondingly energy-intensive drives, hydraulic units and / or controls that also produce a lot of waste heat, can also be used as primary load-dependent energy converters for the primary load-dependent conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy.

[0070] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the second energy generator of the second energy supply module is a wood gasification boiler and the fourth energy converter is a wood gas burner, wherein the wood gasification boiler and the wood gas burner are one assembly.

[0071] For additional energy supply, it may be useful to expand the exemplary system with a wood gasification boiler. This can gasify wood through an autothermal reaction, thereby producing combustible gas, which is then used to generate heat in a wood gas burner associated with the wood gasification boiler. Wood is considered a renewable and therefore "green" raw material for energy generation, even if it produces climate-damaging CO2 and particulate matter, compared to, for example, the operation of a wind turbine or a solar system. Today's modern wood gasification boilers with wood gas burners can achieve very low pollutant emissions and very high efficiencies compared to other solid fuel boilers thanks to automatically controlled combustion and electric particulate matter separators.

[0072] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the third energy storage device for storing the electrical energy is a vanadium redox flow accumulator or a lithium-ion accumulator.

[0073] Various types of accumulators can be advantageously used for storing electrical energy (example: the first form of energy). Vanadium redox flow accumulators offer significantly higher operational reliability than lithium-ion accumulators. Their electrolyte is neither flammable nor explosive due to its high water content, allowing vanadium redox flow accumulators to withstand short circuits without damage. Vanadium redox flow accumulators also offer the advantage of long-term stability, which, with respect to the electrolyte, theoretically allows for an infinite number of charging cycles without a reduction in charging capacity. However, other accumulators, such as other solid-state accumulators such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) accumulators, can also be used.

[0074] According to a further aspect, an exemplary method for controlling an aforementioned system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building by means of a control unit is proposed, comprising: providing an amount of energy of a first energy form by means of a first energy supply module, primary load-dependent conversion of a part of the amount of energy of the first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form by means of a first primary load-dependent energy converter of a first energy converter module, consumption of a demand-dependent amount of energy of the first energy form and / or a demand-dependent amount of energy of the second energy form by at least one consumer of a consumer module of the building, wherein, if the amount of energy of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy consumed by the consumer module,demand-dependent energy quantity of the first and the second energy form, then storing the substantially excess energy quantity of the second energy form in a first energy storage device of the first energy converter module at a later time or simultaneously, converting the substantially excess energy quantity of the first energy form into a third energy form different from the first and the second energy form by means of a second energy converter of a second energy converter module, wherein during the conversion of the substantially excess energy quantity of the first energy form into the third energy form, a part of the substantially excess energy quantity of the first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and supplied to the first energy storage device for storage, and storing the energy quantity of the third energy form in a second energy storage device of the second energy converter module, and / orIf the amount of energy of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is smaller than the demand-dependent amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module, then, at different times or simultaneously, releasing the amount of energy stored in the first energy storage device for storing the second energy form for consumption in the consumer module, releasing the amount of energy stored in the second energy storage device for storing the third energy form to a third energy converter, and converting the amount of energy released by the second energy storage device for storing the third energy form into an amount of energy of the first energy form by means of the third energy converter for consumption in the consumer module,wherein, during the conversion of the energy quantity of the third energy form delivered by the second energy storage device into the first energy form, a part of the energy quantity of the third energy form delivered is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and fed to the consumer module for consumption.

[0075] The advantages already mentioned with regard to the exemplary system can of course equally apply to the exemplary method, so they will not be repeated here.

[0076] The exemplary method can advantageously be further developed by generating an amount of energy of a first energy form by means of a first energy generator of the first energy supply module, wherein the generated amount of energy of the first energy form is dependent on at least one first, discontinuous energy source, in particular a renewable energy source such as solar energy and / or wind energy.

[0077] The exemplary method can be advantageously further developed in that, if the amount of energy of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module, then storing a portion of the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form in a third energy storage device of the first energy supply module, storing the substantially excess amount of energy of the second energy form in the first energy storage device of the first energy converter module, converting another portion of the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form into the third energy form by means of the second energy converter of the second energy converter module,wherein, during the conversion of the other part of the substantially excess energy quantity of the first energy form into the third energy form, a part of the other part of the substantially excess energy quantity of the first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and supplied to the first energy storage device for storage, and storing the energy quantity of the third energy form in the second energy storage device of the second energy converter module, and / or, if the energy quantity of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is smaller than the energy quantity of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module, then releasing the energy quantity stored in the third energy storage device for storing the first energy form for consumption in the consumer module, either at a later time or simultaneously,Delivering the amount of energy stored in the first energy storage device for storing the second energy form for consumption in the consumer module, delivering the amount of energy stored in the second energy storage device for storing the third energy form to the third energy converter, and converting the amount of energy delivered by the second energy storage device for storing the third energy form into an amount of energy of the first energy form by means of the third energy converter for consumption in the consumer module, wherein during the conversion of the amount of energy of the third energy form delivered by the second energy storage device into the first energy form, a portion of the delivered amount of energy of the third energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and supplied to the consumer module for consumption.

[0078] The exemplary method can be advantageously further developed in that the storage of the excess energy quantity of the various energy forms in the energy storage devices, the release of the energy quantity of the various energy forms stored in the energy storage devices and the conversion of the excess or released energy quantity of the various energy forms are carried out in a sequence controlled by a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to control the sequence as a function of a primary load of the first, primary load-dependent energy converter and a requirement of the consumer module for an energy quantity of the first energy form and an energy quantity of the second energy form.

[0079] The exemplary method can be advantageously further developed in that the first energy store comprises a short-term store for the short-term storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form and a long-term store for the medium to long-term storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form in the first energy store such that the energy quantity is primarily stored in the short-term store and the energy quantity of the second energy form is subsequently stored in the long-term store.

[0080] The exemplary method can advantageously be further developed by generating an energy quantity of the third energy form by means of a second energy generator of a second energy supply module, wherein the generation of an energy quantity of the third energy form by the second energy generator is dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source, converting the generated energy quantity of the third energy form into the second energy form by means of a fourth energy converter of the second energy supply module, and storing the energy quantity of the second energy form in a fourth energy store of the second energy supply module, wherein the control unit is configured to control the generation, conversion and storage of the energy quantity by the second energy supply module depending on the energy requirement of the consumer module and the availability of the second energy source.

[0081] The exemplary method can advantageously be further developed with consumption of an excess amount of energy of the second energy form by an additional consumer different from the at least one consumer of the consumer module of the building, if the energy storage devices for storing the second energy form essentially no longer have capacity for an additional amount of energy of the second energy form, in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the system, in particular the amount of energy of the second energy form.

[0082] The exemplary method can be advantageously further developed in that the first form of energy is electrical energy, the second form of energy is thermal energy and the third form of energy is chemical energy.

[0083] The exemplary method can advantageously be further developed by allowing or stopping a supply of electrical energy from the public power grid into the system by means of a connection of the system to the public power grid or allowing or stopping a supply of electrical energy into the public power grid from the system by means of the connection of the system to the public power grid.

[0084] According to a further aspect, an exemplary control unit for controlling an aforementioned system for continuous, demand-based energy supply to a building is proposed, wherein the control unit is configured to carry out a method for controlling the system for continuous, demand-based energy supply to the building of the aforementioned type.

[0085] According to a further aspect, an exemplary computer program product is proposed comprising a computer program stored on a computer-readable data storage medium, which is executable on an aforementioned control unit or in a computer connected to a control unit and which is configured to control a method of the aforementioned type.

[0086] According to a further example, an exemplary system for the continuous energy supply of a building is proposed, comprising a first energy supply module having a first energy generator for generating an amount of energy of a first energy form, wherein the generated amount of energy of the first energy form is dependent on at least one first energy source, a first energy converter module having a first energy converter for converting a portion of the amount of energy of the first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form and a first energy storage device for storing the amount of energy of the second energy form, a second energy converter module having a second energy converter for converting another portion of the amount of energy of the first energy form into a third energy form different from the first and second energy forms,a second energy storage device for storing the energy quantity of the third energy form and a third energy converter for converting a stored energy quantity of the third energy form into the first energy form, a consumer module having at least one consumer of the building for consuming an energy quantity of the first energy form and / or an energy quantity of the second energy form, and a control unit for controlling the modules of the system, wherein the first energy source for generating the first energy form is a discontinuous energy source.

[0087] In particular, the control unit can control the modules of the system in such a way that, if the amount of energy of the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module, the excess amount of energy is stored at a different time or simultaneously in the first energy store for storing the second energy form and in the second energy store for storing the third energy form, and that, if the amount of energy of the first energy supply module generated or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module,provided amount of energy of the first energy form is smaller than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module, the amount of energy stored in the first energy store for storing the second energy form and the amount of energy stored in the second energy store for storing the third energy form is released again for consumption in the consumer module at a time offset or simultaneously.

[0088] The exemplary system can store a comparatively large amount of surplus electrical energy (e.g., through conversion or direct storage), thus avoiding the feeding of this excess energy into the public power grid, which in turn contributes to grid stability. If the storage capacities for the various energy forms (such as electrical energy, thermal energy, and chemical energy) are essentially fully utilized (fully charged), the system can release large amounts of energy into the environment via an additional consumer (such as a heated outdoor pool), thus removing the excess energy from the system without feeding the energy into the public power grid and thus potentially contributing to grid instability.

[0089] The control unit of the exemplary system can also advantageously control the storage and discharge processes of the energy storage device such that the storage process of the second energy form (electrical energy) occurs simultaneously with the storage process of the third energy form (chemical energy). Both staggered storage of the different energy forms and sequential storage are possible. The same applies to the discharge processes of the storage devices, which can also be time-controlled. Various conditions can be used as a stipulation / dependency (e.g. due to different efficiencies of the individual energy forms compared to the other energy form during conversion or the need for a corresponding energy form for consumption in the building, etc.) to determine when and how each storage device is charged or discharged.

[0090] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the first energy supply module has a third energy storage device for storing an amount of energy of the first energy form.

[0091] In particular, the control unit can control the modules of the system in such a way that, if the amount of energy of the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module, the excess amount of energy is stored at a different time or simultaneously in the first energy store for storing the second energy form, in the second energy store for storing the third energy form and in the third energy store for storing the first energy form, and that, if the amount of energy of the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module,provided amount of energy of the first energy form is smaller than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module, the amount of energy stored in the first energy store for storing the second energy form, the amount of energy stored in the second energy store for storing the third energy form and the amount of energy stored in the third energy store for storing the first energy form is released again for consumption in the consumer module with a time delay or at the same time.

[0092] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the storage of the excess amount of energy of the various energy forms generated by the first energy supply module in the energy storage devices, the release of the amount of energy of the various energy forms stored in the energy storage devices and the conversion of the released amount of energy of the various energy forms takes place in a sequence controlled by the control unit, wherein the sequence is determined as a function of an efficiency between the amount of energy generated, stored and converted, and wherein the higher efficiency has priority over the lower efficiency.

[0093] In particular, taking into account the different efficiencies when controlling when, how and to which other energy form the produced or surplus energy (for example electrical energy, or one of the other two energy forms) is converted contributes to an optimal use of the energy provided by discontinuous energy sources such as sun and wind.

[0094] While, for example, in the case of a comparatively large energy surplus, converting the excess energy with less efficiency but with a much larger storage capacity may be sensible under certain circumstances, in the case of a comparatively small energy surplus, converting the excess energy with the highest possible efficiency but with lower storage capacity may be more sensible. Furthermore, parameters such as availability (for example, if the chemical energy storage is already 80% full and the electrical energy storage is only 20% full, the electrical storage will be preferred), etc.) in the storage capacity of the individual energy forms, or upcoming changes in energy demand, for example, during the warmer periods (late spring to early autumn) of the year, less thermal energy (heat energy) is required than during the colder periods, so that, for example, from the end of summer of the respective year, the system's heat storage should be replenished more frequently. This can also be crucial or additionally crucial for the control of the system and the processing of excess energy.

[0095] For further advantageous, exemplary developments of the embodiment of the exemplary system, reference is made to the aforementioned further development examples of the exemplary system.

[0096] According to a further example, an exemplary method for controlling an aforementioned system for the continuous energy supply of a building by means of a control unit is proposed, wherein the method comprises: generating an amount of energy of a first energy form by means of a first energy generator of a first energy supply module, wherein the generated amount of energy of the first energy form is dependent on at least one first, discontinuous energy source, converting a portion of the amount of energy of the first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form by means of a first energy converter of a first energy converter module, consuming the amount of energy of the first energy form and / or the amount of energy of the second energy form by at least one consumer of the building of a consumer module, wherein,If the amount of energy of the first energy form generated by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module, then storing the substantially excess amount of energy of the second energy form in a first energy storage device of the first energy converter module at different times or simultaneously, converting the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form into a third energy form different from the first and second energy forms by means of a second energy converter of a second energy converter module, and storing the amount of energy of the third energy form in a second energy storage device of the second energy converter module, wherein, if the amount of energy of the first energy form generated by the first energy supply module is less than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module,then, at different times or simultaneously, releasing the amount of energy stored in the first energy storage device for storing the second energy form for consumption in the consumer module, releasing the amount of energy stored in the second energy storage device for storing the third energy form to a third energy converter, and converting the amount of energy released by the second energy storage device for storing the third energy form into an amount of energy of the first energy form by means of the third energy converter for consumption in the consumer module.

[0097] The advantages already mentioned with regard to the example of the exemplary system can of course equally apply to the embodiment of the exemplary method, so they will not be repeated here again.

[0098] If the amount of energy of the first energy form generated by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module, the exemplary method may then comprise, at different times or simultaneously, storing a portion of the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form in a third energy storage device of the first energy supply module, storing the substantially excess amount of energy of the second energy form in the first energy storage device of the first energy converter module, converting another portion of the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form into the third energy form by means of the second energy converter of the second energy converter module, and storing the amount of energy of the third energy form in a second energy storage device of the second energy converter module, wherein the exemplary method further comprises,If the amount of energy of the first energy form generated by the first energy supply module is smaller than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module, then, at a later time or simultaneously, the amount of energy stored in the third energy storage device for storing the first energy form is released for consumption in the consumer module, the amount of energy stored in the first energy storage device for storing the second energy form is released for consumption in the consumer module, the amount of energy stored in the second energy storage device for storing the third energy form is released to a third energy converter, and the amount of energy released by the second energy storage device for storing the third energy form is converted into an amount of energy of the first energy form by means of the third energy converter for consumption in the consumer module.

[0099] In the exemplary method, the storage of the excess amount of energy of the various energy forms generated by the first energy supply module in the energy storage devices, the release of the amount of energy of the various energy forms stored in the energy storage devices, and the conversion of the released amount of energy of the various energy forms can take place in a sequence controlled by the control unit, wherein the sequence is determined, for example, as a function of an efficiency between the amount of energy generated, stored, and converted, and wherein the higher efficiency has priority over the lower efficiency. Alternatively or additionally, the sequence can be determined, for example, as a function of a cost model between the amount of energy generated, stored, and converted. The cost model is influenced by production costs, operating costs, and efficiencies.Lower production and operating costs take priority over higher production and operating costs. Higher efficiency takes priority over lower efficiency.

[0100] In the exemplary method, the first energy storage device can comprise a short-term storage device for the short-term storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form and a long-term storage device for the medium to long-term storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form, wherein the short-term storage device and the long-term storage device are in direct operative connection with one another, so that the control unit can control an exchange of an energy quantity of the second energy form between the short-term storage device and the long-term storage device.

[0101] In the exemplary method, the control unit can control the storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form in the first energy storage device such that the energy quantity is primarily stored in the short-term storage device and the energy quantity of the second energy form is subsequently stored in the long-term storage device.

[0102] The exemplary method may comprise generating an amount of energy of the third energy form by means of a second energy generator of a second energy supply module, wherein the generation of an amount of energy of the third energy form by the second energy generator is dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source, converting the generated amount of energy of the third energy form into the second energy form by means of a fourth energy converter of the second energy supply module, and storing the amount of energy of the second energy form in a fourth energy storage device of the second energy supply module, wherein the control unit controls the generation, conversion and storage of the amount of energy by the second energy supply module depending on the energy requirement of the system and the availability of the second energy source.

[0103] The exemplary method may include consuming an excess amount of energy of the second energy form by an additional consumer different from the at least one consumer of the building of the consumer module if the energy storage devices for storing the second energy form essentially no longer have capacity for an additional amount of energy of the second energy form in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the system.

[0104] In the exemplary method, the first form of energy may be electrical energy, the second form of energy may be thermal energy, and the third form of energy may be chemical energy.

[0105] The exemplary method may include allowing or stopping a supply of electrical energy from the utility grid into the system by connecting the system to the utility grid, or allowing or stopping a supply of electrical energy to the utility grid from the system by connecting the system to the utility grid.

[0106] According to a further example, an exemplary control unit for controlling an aforementioned system for continuous energy supply to a building is proposed, wherein the control unit is further configured to carry out an aforementioned method for controlling the aforementioned system for continuous energy supply to the building.

[0107] According to a further example, an exemplary computer program product is proposed, comprising a computer program stored on a computer-readable data storage medium, which is executable on an aforementioned control unit or in a computer connected to a control unit, and which is configured to control an aforementioned method. Further aspects and their advantages, as well as advantages and more specific implementation options of the aspects and features described above, are described in the following, but in no way limiting, descriptions and explanations of the attached figures.

[0108] Short description of the characters

[0109] Fig. 1 shows an overview of the systematic classification of the exemplary system in the supply structure of a building or the systems and machines of a building and the energy suppliers,

[0110] Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the exemplary system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building using a first, primary load-dependent energy converter of a first energy converter module,

[0111] Fig. 3 shows an exploded view of an exemplary building with annex with implementation of the exemplary system,

[0112] Fig. 4a shows a diagram of heat absorption and heat emission of the modules of the exemplary system in kW calculated in a model calculation over a time period of the first quarter of a year (here, for example, the year 2022), starting from January,

[0113] Fig. 4b shows the continuation of the diagram from Fig. 4a over a time period of the second quarter of the exemplary year, starting from April,

[0114] Fig. 4c shows the continuation of the diagram from Fig. 4b over a time period of the third quarter of the exemplary year, starting from July,

[0115] Fig. 4d shows the continuation of the diagram from Fig. 4c over a time period of the fourth quarter of the exemplary year, starting from October,

[0116] Fig. 5a shows a diagram of a charging power and withdrawal power of the second energy storage device, designed as a hydrogen storage device, of the exemplary system in kW over the time period of one year (here, for example, the year 2022). Fig. 5b shows a diagram of a filling level of the second energy storage device (exemplary hydrogen storage device) of the exemplary system in % over the time period of one year (here, for example, the year 2022).

[0117] Fig. 6a shows a diagram of the charging power and withdrawal power calculated in the model calculation of the third energy storage device of the exemplary system, which is designed as a vanadium redox flow accumulator, in kW over the time period of one year (here, for example, the year 2022).

[0118] Fig. 6b shows a diagram of a fill level of the third energy storage device (example: vanadium redox flow accumulator) of the exemplary system calculated in the model calculation in % over the time period of one year (here, for example, the year 2022),

[0119] Fig. 7a shows a diagram of the charging power and withdrawal power of the thermal long-term storage of the exemplary system in kW calculated as an example in the model calculation over the time period of one year (here, for example, the year 2022),

[0120] Fig. 7b shows a diagram of a filling level of the thermal long-term storage (exemplified as a ground-coupled heat storage) of the exemplary system in % over the time period of one year (here, as an example, the year 2022), calculated as an example in the model calculation.

[0121] Fig. 8a shows an exemplary method for controlling an exemplary system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building by means of the

[0122] control unit,

[0123] Fig. 8b shows an exemplary method for controlling an exemplary system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building by means of the control unit, which can be used in addition to or as an alternative to the exemplary method as shown and described in Fig. 8a.

[0124] Detailed description of the figures and preferred embodiments

[0125] Examples and embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. Identical or similar elements in the figures may be designated by the same reference numerals, although sometimes different reference numerals may be used.

[0126] It should be emphasized that the subject matter of the present disclosure is in no way limited or restricted to the exemplary embodiments and their embodiment features described below, but further comprises modifications of the exemplary embodiments, in particular those which are encompassed by modifications of the features of the described examples or by combination of one or more of the features of the described examples within the scope of protection of the independent claims.

[0127] Fig. 1 shows an overview of the systematic classification of the exemplary system 1000 into the supply structure of a building 2000 / 2100 or the systems and machines of a building 2000 / 2100 and the energy suppliers 40 / 45.

[0128] In diagram a) it is shown in very general terms how the building 2000 / 2100 as a consumer is essentially connected to the supply of electrical energy E from an electricity supplier (public electricity grid 40) and, for example, to the supply of chemical energy C from, for example, a natural gas supplier 45.

[0129] The exemplary system 1000 is connected as a consumer between the energy suppliers 40 / 45 and the building 2000 / 2100, as shown in diagram b).

[0130] If there is a need for a primary load (here represented as a need for computing capacity 50), a primary-load-dependent energy converter, such as a computing unit or a data center in the exemplary system 1000, can be used to generate heat in building 2000 / 2100 (through consumption / conversion of electrical energy E into thermal energy T through computing processes). This can, for example, eliminate the need for a natural gas supplier 45 to supply building 2000 / 2100 with natural gas (natural gas is typically used for heating building 2000 / 2100, and in some cases also for cooking in building 2000 / 2100). Furthermore, the combustion of fossil fuels can be largely avoided.

[0131] However, since the primary load dependency can, for example, lead to fluctuations in the heat generation for the building 2000 / 2100, it is advantageous to take measures to achieve a continuous energy supply to the building 2000 / 2100 with both electrical energy E and thermal energy T. For this purpose, the exemplary system 1000 is explained in more detail below in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the exemplary system 1000 for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building 2000 (for a more detailed view of the building, see Fig. 3) using a first, primary load-dependent energy converter 210 of a first energy converter module 200.

[0132] Within the present technical teaching, the primary load is understood to mean the value-adding activity of a device (machine, plant, system, etc.), such as the processing of a component by a machine tool, the execution of arithmetic operations and / or storage processes in a computing unit, etc.

[0133] Depending on the scope / load of the value-creating activity (scope of the primary load), these devices convert at least part of the energy form required for value creation (first, second, third energy form) into another energy form (first, second, third energy form). For example, electrical energy E (e.g., first energy form), which the device requires, for example, to process a workpiece or perform computing operations, can be partially converted into thermal energy T (e.g., second energy form). This amount of energy converted into heat (thermal energy T) could advantageously be used for other purposes (such as heating private and / or office buildings, heating agricultural facilities such as stables, etc.).

[0134] Such production processes or the use of servers / computing units are often subject to corresponding, sometimes large, fluctuations. For example, a machine tool that is not processing a component due to maintenance / setup may not generate any usable waste heat, or a computing unit may barely generate any usable waste heat if it is not being used enough.

[0135] This form of generation / conversion of thermal energy T is therefore subject to fluctuations in the utilization / volume of the primary load of the devices, so that a continuous supply of the buildings / facilities with thermal energy T can hardly be guaranteed.

[0136] In the following, the interaction of various components, some of which are also differently designed components (units, modules), of the exemplary system 1000 will be explained using the exemplary system 1000. Depending on the combination and expansion of the exemplary system 1000, further positive effects will be explained. If electrical energy E (e.g., a first form of energy) is provided, this electrical energy E or at least a portion of this electrical energy E (or the amount of electrical energy E) can advantageously be converted, for example, into thermal energy T (e.g., a second form of energy) by the first, primary load-dependent energy converter 210 of the first energy converter module 200. In particular, a high level of efficiency, comparable to the high levels of efficiency in power-to-heat systems, can initially be advantageous compared to other conversions (e.g., power-to-gas).

[0137] For this purpose, it can be particularly advantageous if, for example, in the first energy converter module 200, a computing unit 210 / a data center 210 as the first energy converter 210, which carries out computing operations and / or storage processes using the provided electrical energy E, converts a part or a large part of the electrical energy E into thermal energy T and makes this usable for the system 1000, for example by feeding the thermal energy T, which would otherwise usually be released to the environment as waste heat or via cooling systems to the environment, into the heat supply of the building 2000.

[0138] This allows, on the one hand, the electrical energy E introduced into the exemplary system 1000 to be converted very effectively into thermal energy T and, at the same time, computing capacity and storage capacity can be provided by means of a computing unit 210 / a data center 210, which will become increasingly important in the course of the digitalization of society and a wide variety of processes and will therefore be in demand in the coming years or decades.

[0139] The computing unit 210 / the data center 210 can, for example, be designed as a server structure with worldwide access options and / or be used as an intranet, for example within large companies / corporations, and thus provide added value for the companies.

[0140] In addition, other devices such as machine tools or large systems (such as packaging systems, sorting systems, etc.) can also be used as the first energy converter 210, since these devices often have a multitude of drives and / or hydraulic units, some of which require cooling. Another example is the friction of a machine tool's tool during machining of a workpiece, which also generates heat, which is often carried away from the workpiece with a so-called cooling lubricant. Chemical systems that generate heat "incidentally," for example, during the chemical conversion of substances, can also be used as the first energy converter 210.

[0141] However, not only the heat generation (conversion of electrical energy E or chemical energy C into thermal energy T) can be an advantageous component of the exemplary system 1000, but also the storage of the thermal energy T (or the amount of thermal energy) can be advantageously taken into account in a variety of ways.

[0142] For example, it may be advantageous to provide a short-term storage 220 (or diurnal storage) as the first energy storage 220 / 230 for the short-term storage (for example, several hours to a few days) of the thermal energy T, in order to provide in particular the energy quantities of thermal energy T required throughout the day and night, which, depending on the need, can also be very susceptible to fluctuations in the amount of energy per unit of time, in the consumer module 600 (thermal consumer module 600) of the building 2000 and to be able to react quickly to an increased demand or, conversely, to a lower demand.

[0143] For this purpose, so-called buffer storage systems 220 (for example, in the form of a stratified storage system with layered storage of thermal energy according to temperature level) can prove extremely advantageous. These systems have a comparatively limited amount of storable thermal energy T and are therefore depleted quite quickly, but can simultaneously be quickly recharged with thermal energy T in a comparatively short time. This allows the fluctuations in thermal energy T consumption occurring in the consumer module 600 of building 2000 throughout the day / night to be advantageously addressed.

[0144] A further component of a system 1000 can also be a storage device for thermal energy T, which can store a comparatively very large amount of thermal energy T in the medium term (several days to several weeks) or long term (several weeks to several months) and can thereby partially provide the amount of heat required in the building 2000 to the consumer module 600 over a long period of time (sometimes over several months). Such thermal storage devices of the first energy storage device 220 / 230, also referred to as seasonal storage devices 230 / long-term storage devices 230 (or seasonal heat storage devices or year-round storage devices), can be designed, for example, as container heat storage devices, earth basin heat storage devices, geothermal probe heat storage devices, or as aquifer heat storage devices and have advantages and disadvantages depending on requirements and geological ambient conditions or initial infrastructural conditions.

[0145] In addition, it may be advantageous, for example, if the short-term storage 220 and the long-term storage 230 of the first energy storage 220 / 230 have a direct connection / direct active connection for exchanging heat quantities, so that, for example, the heat quantity (or parts thereof) stored long-term in the long-term storage 230 can be made available to the short-term storage 220 via a short and thus fast route if, for example, the amount of thermal energy T provided or converted by the exemplary data center 210 can no longer cover the consumption of thermal energy T of the building 2000.

[0146] In addition, heat can advantageously be exchanged (e.g., from short-term storage 220 to long-term storage 230) via a heat exchanger, thereby lowering the temperature level. Conversely, heat can be transferred from long-term storage 230 back to short-term storage 220 using a heat pump (see, for example, heat pump 510) by supplying electrical energy E (as an exemplary first energy form), thereby raising the temperature level.

[0147] A further advantageous component of the exemplary system 1000, in particular of the first energy converter module 200, can be a fifth energy storage device 240, which is designed as a thermochemical heat storage device 240. Excess heat can be bound, for example, by means of silica gels, metal hydrides, zeolites, or metal oxides in oily suspension, such as hygroscopic oxides such as boron oxide, in an endothermic chemical reaction (conversion of thermal energy T to storable chemical energy C) and stored / stored loss-free over long periods as chemical energy C. When needed, heat (thermal energy T) is released via a controlled exothermic chemical reaction (conversion of stored chemical energy C to thermal energy T) and is available for use in the building 2000 or the adjacent building 2100.The reaction products of the exothermic reaction correspond to the reaction starting materials of the endothermic reaction, so that overall a reversible process for storing and releasing thermal energy is created.

[0148] In addition, for example, the long-term storage 230 can also be designed as a thermochemical storage 240 (fifth energy storage 240) in order to store, for example, thermal energy T in a space-saving manner compared to an earth basin heat storage.

[0149] Since not every building has a seasonal storage 230 / long-term storage 230 for the longer-term storage of thermal energy T and / or the longer-term heat storages are sometimes not filled, it can be extremely advantageous to provide an additional module in the exemplary system 1000 for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of the building 2000.

[0150] For this purpose, a second energy converter module 300 can be an advantageous component, wherein the second energy converter module 300, in contrast to the first energy converter module 200, can convert the electrical energy E into chemical energy C (for example, a third form of energy) (power-to-gas) and can additionally be able to convert the chemical energy C back into electrical energy E and / or thermal energy T.

[0151] In particular, the second energy converter module 300 can, for example, have a second energy converter 310, for example an electrolysis unit 310, which converts electrical energy E into chemical energy C through a redox reaction with water (water electrolysis) to generate thermal energy T, wherein in the water electrolysis the water is split into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2).The latter of the two can advantageously be used, for example, for a conversion, for example in a third energy converter 330 (for example a combined heat and power plant 330 that burns the hydrogen H2, or a fuel cell 330 that converts the hydrogen H2 into electricity by adding oxygen O2, whereby waste heat is generated in both cases), in order to generate electrical energy E (electricity) and / or thermal energy T (heat) therefrom as needed for the consumer module 600 (thermal consumer module 600) and / or for the consumer module 800 (electrical consumer module 800) of the building 2000.

[0152] Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the second energy converter module 300 has a second energy storage device 320 for storing the chemical energy C (such as hydrogen H2) that was formed / generated in the second energy converter 310 (for example, in the electrolysis unit 310). One advantage of this energy storage method is that a comparatively large amount of energy can be stored in a comparatively small space, since gaseous substances in particular as carriers of chemical energy E (for example, hydrogen) are highly compressible and storable under appropriate pressure. Thus, even in relatively small spaces, storage devices for large amounts of chemical energy C can advantageously be provided in or on a building.

[0153] Furthermore, the second energy converter 310 and the third energy converter 330 can be designed as an assembly 340, in particular as a reversible fuel cell 340, which can convert an amount of electrical energy E into an amount of chemical energy C in one process, wherein this chemical energy C can be stored again in the second energy storage device 320, and can carry out this process in reverse, from chemical energy C to electrical energy E.

[0154] In both processes (from electrical energy E into chemical energy C and from chemical energy C to electrical energy E), additional thermal energy T is generated, which, like the thermal energy T generated in the electrolysis unit 310 and / or in the fuel cell 330 / in the combined heat and power plant 330, can be stored in the first energy storage device 220 / 230 of the first energy converter module 200.

[0155] By using the reversible fuel cell 340 as the second energy converter 310, in addition to the advantageous reduction in the number of individual components within the exemplary system 1000, it is also possible to create a possibility for the effective intermediate storage of excess energy quantities, for example generated by the wind turbine 110 or by the photovoltaic unit 120, in the second energy storage device 320 (for example as gas bottles or, due to the lower pressure of 30 to 40 bar, as a large-volume plastic tank or similar; furthermore, in addition to the gaseous storage, the chemical bonding of H2 in ammonia as a liquid can also take place if, for example, pressures of at least 9 bar can be applied during storage).In particular, this can provide the operator of the exemplary system 1000 with an additional option, in addition to storing the excess energy as thermal energy T in the corresponding short-term storage 220 or long-term storage 230, of storing the excess energy as chemical energy C, wherein aspects such as the efficiency of the respective conversion of electrical energy E into thermal energy T or into chemical energy C and / or the demand for thermal and / or electrical energy T / E could be taken into account here as well.

[0156] Advantageous reversible fuel cells 310 can be, for example, polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEM) or solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), the latter of which can sometimes achieve a current-to-current efficiency of up to 70%. Since this efficiency is significantly lower than in power-to-heat applications, the use of power-to-gas can be particularly advantageous when there is a significant surplus of electrical energy E in the exemplary system 1000 and the heat storage units 220, 230 are, for example, already very well to completely filled or the heat storage units 220 / 230 are too small or not present, so that the power-to-gas system can be used as a supplement or alternative to the heat storage units 220, 230.

[0157] Through the exemplary combination of a first, primary load-dependent energy converter 210 (for example in the form of a machine tool, a computing unit, etc.) for converting electrical energy E into thermal energy T, the storage options for thermal energy T through short-term storage 220 and long-term storage 230, the conversion option of electrical energy E into chemical energy C through a second energy converter 310 (for example as electrolysis unit 310) and corresponding storage options (second energy storage 320 for storing chemical energy C) as well as the conversion option of chemical energy C into electrical energy E and / or thermal energy T, both electrical energy E and thermal energy T can be advantageously made available to the consumer modules 600, 800 (thermal consumer module 600 / electrical consumer module 800) of the building 2000 continuously and as needed.

[0158] An additional challenge can arise if only discontinuous energy sources such as wind 10 and solar radiation 20 are to be used or are available for the provision of electrical energy E.

[0159] Discontinuous energy sources such as wind 10 and solar radiation 20 can vary greatly in strength depending on the weather, time of day or night, season, and location (e.g., the equator or poles as extreme examples), or they can fail completely or be unavailable. The energy supply based on these discontinuous energy sources 10, 20 into the exemplary system 1000 can therefore range from the maximum possible (e.g., in summer, cloud-free, and at midday, when solar radiation 20 is at its strongest and, for example, a correspondingly strong wind 10 is blowing at the same time) to a complete standstill (e.g., at night and in absolute calm, also referred to as a "dark lull").

[0160] Since discontinuous energy sources 10, 20 are highly dependent on the circumstances and cannot provide continuous energy (no continuous amount of energy), it may be appropriate to use a corresponding exemplary system 1000.With the aid of this exemplary system 1000, a wide variety of forms of energy, for example electrical energy E, for example as a first form of energy, thermal energy T, for example as a second form of energy, and chemical energy C, for example as a third form of energy, as well as their possibilities for storage and conversion into the other energy forms can be used to enable charging of the storage possibilities when the energy supply from the discontinuous energy sources 10, 20 exceeds the energy consumption in the building 2000 or to enable consumption of the stored amount of energy when the energy supply from the discontinuous energy sources 10, 20 falls short of the energy consumption of the building 2000.

[0161] In contrast, there are continuous energy sources for the exemplary system 1000 such as the public power grid 40, which can essentially be a wide variety of classic energy sources for the production of electrical energy, starting from the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal or gas, the use of hydropower (for example pumped storage power plants) or even nuclear energy.

[0162] Depending on which of these traditional energy sources is considered, some energy sources are easier to control (in the sense of switching them on and off) and others are less so, or must run continuously (for example, coal-fired power plants). All of these different continuous energy sources feed the public power grid 40 and also contribute to its maintenance and stability.

[0163] For example, by means of a first energy supply module 100, electrical energy E (first form of energy) can be provided as a continuous energy source through the public power grid 40, as well as through discontinuous energy sources such as wind 10 and / or solar radiation 20, which are converted into electrical energy E, for example, by means of a wind turbine 110 and / or a photovoltaic unit 120 of the first energy supply module 100, and supplied to the first energy converter module 200, the second energy converter module 300 and / or the electrical consumer module 800 of the building 2000 for further use.

[0164] In this case, particularly when electrical energy E is provided exclusively by discontinuous energy sources such as wind 10 and / or solar radiation 20 using the wind turbine 110 or the photovoltaic unit 120, it may be advantageous to store the electrical energy E in a third energy storage device 130 of the first energy supply module 100. For example, the third energy storage device 130 can be designed as a vanadium redox flow accumulator or as a lithium-ion accumulator or a lithium iron phosphate accumulator.

[0165] Various types of accumulators can be advantageously used for storing electrical energy E (the first form of energy). Vanadium redox flow accumulators offer significantly higher operational reliability than lithium-ion accumulators. Their electrolyte is neither flammable nor explosive due to its high water content, allowing vanadium redox flow accumulators to withstand short circuits without damage. Furthermore, vanadium redox flow accumulators offer greater long-term stability than lithium-ion accumulators. Lithium iron phosphate accumulators offer higher cycle stability than lithium-ion accumulators, but do not achieve the long-term stability of vanadium redox flow accumulators.

[0166] It has been found to be advantageous that even in the case of a discontinuous provision of electrical energy E by the discontinuous energy sources wind 10 and solar radiation 20, fluctuations in the provision of electrical energy E can be bridged with the exemplary system 1000 through the advantageous combination with the second energy converter module 300 (power-to-gas system).

[0167] As already described, in the case of an excess of electrical energy E (a greater amount of electrical energy E is provided by the wind turbine 110 and / or photovoltaic unit 120 on the basis of the discontinuous energy sources wind 10 and solar radiation 20 than the total amount of electrical and thermal energy consumed by the consumer modules 600, 800 of the building 2000), the excess electrical energy E can either be stored directly in the third energy storage unit 130 and / or converted into storable gas by, for example, the electrolysis unit 310 / reversible fuel cell 310.Only when there is a shortage of electrical energy E (a smaller amount of electrical energy E is provided by the wind turbine 110 and / or photovoltaic unit 120 on the basis of the discontinuous energy sources wind 10 and solar radiation 20 than the total amount of electrical and thermal energy consumed by the consumer modules 600, 800 of the building 2000) can the stored forms of energy such as electrical energy E (for example stored in the third energy storage unit 130) or chemical energy C (for example stored in the second energy storage unit 320 and then sent to the third energy converter 330 for conversion into electrical energy E, such as a combined heat and power plant 330 or a reversible fuel cell 310) be used to supply the building 2000 with electrical energy E continuously and as needed.

[0168] Furthermore, the exemplary system 1000 can have a second energy supply module 400, which generates chemical energy C based on a second energy source 30 by means of a second energy generator 410. The second energy source 30 can in particular be biomass 30 as a renewable raw material. Wood 30 in the form of logs, pellets, etc. is particularly suitable for this purpose. However, other types of biomass (e.g., other plant components) can also be used to generate chemical energy C (e.g., by fermenting biomass such as plant components to produce biogas, in particular methane CH4). The generated chemical energy C can, for example, be stored again, for example, in corresponding storage devices comparable to the second energy storage devices 320 of the second energy converter module 300.

[0169] Furthermore, the second energy supply module 400 can have a fourth energy converter 420, which converts the chemical energy C generated by the second energy generator 410 into thermal energy T. For this purpose, it can be advantageous if the chemical energy C is converted into thermal energy T by combustion and made available to the exemplary system 1000 for use, for example in the form of heating the hot water circuit / hot water network of the building 2000, and furthermore, the thermal energy T can be used (at least partially) to generate the chemical energy C in the second energy generator 410.

[0170] For example, wood gasification boilers can be advantageously used for this purpose, in which the wood gasification by the second energy generator 410 (wood gasifier 410) takes place spatially separated from the wood gas combustion by the fourth energy converter 420 (wood gas burner 420), but the wood gasification boiler (comprising second energy generator 410 and fourth energy converter 420) is essentially an assembly.

[0171] Furthermore, the second energy supply module 400 can have a fourth energy storage device 430 for storing the thermal energy T (for example, a second form of energy), wherein the fourth energy storage device 430 can, for example, be in no or direct operative connection with the first energy storage device 220 / 230 for storing the thermal energy T, in order, for example, to be able to exchange an energy quantity of the thermal energy T among themselves.

[0172] Another exemplary aspect of the exemplary system 1000 may be additional heat-generating devices. In particular, given that, for example, the computing unit 210 / the data center 210 only generates a corresponding amount of heat when correspondingly extensive computing and / or storage operations are performed by the computing unit 210 / the data center 210 (primary load-dependent conversion of electrical energy E into thermal energy T), the required amount of heat may not be generated at all times.

[0173] It may be advantageous if the exemplary system 1000 has a heat pump 510 of an additional heating module 500, which increases the amount of thermal energy T in the system 1000 by reversing the heat-power process, which may also require additional electrical energy E. Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the heat pump 510 uses the thermal energy T stored in the long-term storage 230 of the first energy storage device 220 / 230, further increases this amount of thermal energy through the reverse heat-power process, and then feeds it into the system 1000.

[0174] An additional contribution of heat in the exemplary system 1000 can be made, for example, by a heat cartridge 520 (or a modulating flow heater 520) of the auxiliary heating module 500 in the exemplary system 1000, which generates thermal energy T using supplied electrical energy E (power-to-heat). Particularly in the case of a surplus of electrical energy E with a simultaneous low utilization of the computing unit 210 / the data center 210 (or another device such as a machine tool, sorting system, etc.) and / or almost fully charged electrical storage units 130 or electrical storage units 130 or chemical storage units 320 already at maximum power consumption of electrical energy, the use of the heat cartridge 520 / the modulating flow heater 520 for additional power consumption can be useful and thus provide support in the provision of thermal energy T for the building 2000.

[0175] The building itself can, for example, have a plurality of consumers 610, 620, 650 in the consumer module 600, whereby, for example, some consumers 610, 620 can be provided within the building 2000 and some consumers 650 can be provided outside the building 2000 or in an annex 2100 of the building.

[0176] For example, the consumer module 600 (thermal consumer module 600) of the building can have a drinking water consumer 610 with heated water and also one or more radiators 620 (or also surface heating systems 620; see below) for heating the room air of the building 2000 as consumers for thermal energy T. The provision of drinking water (including heated drinking water) and the heating of the room air of the building 2000 are generally basic installations of every residential or office building.

[0177] In addition, the building 2000 may have a heat network 640 separate from the generation of the thermal energy T and the transport of the thermal energy T from the location of generation or from the location of storage to the location of consumption, wherein this heat network 640 may interact, for example, with a heat exchanger 630 or as a jointly connected hydraulic system for exchanging thermal energy T for use by the consumers 610, 620.

[0178] In addition, the building 2000 can have an outbuilding 2100 (e.g., a workshop, a barn, a stable, etc.) that has at least one or more radiators 650 or surface heating systems 650 (such as underfloor heating, wall heating, or ceiling heating) for heating the room air of the outbuilding 2100. The difference here lies primarily in the flow temperature required by the respective heating systems. For example, a radiator 650 typically requires a flow temperature of approximately 55°C, while a surface heating system 650 typically only requires a flow temperature of 35°C.

[0179] Another exemplary aspect of the exemplary system 1000 can be an outdoor pool 700, whose heat demand is also supplied from the building's heating network 640. The special features of such an outdoor pool 700 (additional consumer 700) can include, on the one hand, its large water volume and its exchange with the outside air at corresponding ambient temperatures. Both of these factors result in a large power loss from evaporative cooling (depending on the size of the water surface of the outdoor pool 700) and heat loss to the environment (depending on the outside temperature).

[0180] In particular, the outdoor pool, in addition to its function as an amusement area for people, can also represent a technically advantageous component in the exemplary system 1000. This is particularly the case when a very large amount of thermal energy T is already present in the exemplary system 1000, for example, all thermal storage units 220 / 230 are already filled, and the generation of additional heat by the first, primary load-dependent energy converters 210 cannot be reduced, since the value-adding activity (primary load) of the first energy converter module 200 (for example, in the case of a machine tool, the machining of a workpiece or in the case of a computing unit / server, the execution of computing operations or storage processes) is currently carried out at full load.

[0181] Then, it can be extremely advantageous to be able to extract thermal energy T from the exemplary system 1000. Here, the large water volume of the outdoor pool 700 (additional consumer 700) can play a beneficial role, since correspondingly large amounts of thermal energy T can be "consumed" for the (additional) heating of this pool and thus removed from the exemplary system 1000.

[0182] Furthermore, the heat exchange of the outdoor pool 700 with the outside air can be advantageous, so that not only the (additional) heating of the outdoor pool 700 already removes large amounts of thermal energy T from the exemplary system 1000, but also large amounts of thermal energy T can be continuously released from the exemplary system 1000 to the outside air.

[0183] As a result, the outdoor pool 700 (additional consumer 700) enables, for example, a type of emergency cooling of the exemplary system 1000, but only if another use or storage of the thermal energy T in the exemplary system 1000 is not possible.

[0184] The same can of course also occur if, for example, there is too much electrical energy E in the exemplary system 1000, the first energy converter module 200 with the first, primary load-dependent energy converter 210 is currently unable to convert electrical energy E into thermal energy T, and a deliberate withdrawal of this electrical energy E from the exemplary system 1000 is desired. Then, by conversion by, for example, the second energy converter module 300, the electrical energy E can be converted into chemical energy C, thereby generating thermal energy T that can be supplied to the outdoor pool 700. Furthermore, the chemical energy C can subsequently be converted either by storage in the second energy storage device 320 or by conversion, in particular, into thermal energy T (for example, in the third energy converter 330 or combined heat and power plant 330) and supplied to the outdoor pool 700 for release to the outside air.Alternatively or additionally, electrical energy E can of course also be extracted from the exemplary system 1000, for example by the heat pump 510 and / or by the heat cartridge 520, and converted into thermal energy T, which can again be released to the outside air / ambient air via the outdoor pool 700.

[0185] In addition, the additional supply of electrical energy E can also be reduced or completely shut down by appropriately controlling the supply of electrical energy E by wind turbine 110, photovoltaic unit 120 or the public power grid 40 by means of a corresponding control unit 900 of the exemplary system 1000.The exemplary system 1000 is controlled in such a way that the electrical generators (for example wind turbine 110 / photovoltaic unit 120) generate in total at any time as much electricity as the consumers of the electrical energy E consume, wherein in particular electrical storage devices (such as the third energy storage device 130) have the ability to function both as electrical consumers (when they absorb electrical energy E and thus reduce the current amount of electrical energy E in the exemplary system 1000) and as electrical generators (when releasing the stored electrical energy E), so that the amount of power can be modulated by the controller in such a way that, for example, at a SMART meter with digital metering and digital HAN interface to the exemplary system 1000, no power is transferred from the public power grid 40 or into the public power grid 40.

[0186] The electrical consumer module 800 of the building 2000 can also contribute to the extraction of electrical energy E from the exemplary system 1000. On the one hand, the normal power demand 810 of the building 2000 and / or the adjacent building 2100 (for example, operating a refrigerator, lights, operating computer technology, etc.) can be used as a consumer of electrical energy E, but additional devices 820, 830 such as corresponding charging stations / wall boxes 820, 830 for charging electrically powered vehicles such as electric cars, electric scooters and / or e-scooters can also be used as consumers of electrical energy E and significantly reduce the amount of electrical energy E in the exemplary system 1000.

[0187] In addition, the control unit 900 may be advantageous for controlling the modules (e.g., first energy supply module 100, first energy converter module 200, second energy converter module 300, second energy supply module 400, additional heating module 500, thermal consumer module 600, outdoor pool 700, electrical consumer module 800) for the exemplary system 1000.

[0188] In this case, it may be advantageous, for example, that the storage of the excess energy quantity of the various energy forms (first, second, third energy form such as electrical, thermal, chemical energy) in the respective energy storage devices (first energy storage device 220 / 230, second energy storage device 320, third energy storage device 130, fourth energy storage device 430, fifth energy storage device 240), the release of the energy quantity of the various energy forms stored in the energy storage devices and the conversion of the excess or released energy quantity of the various energy forms takes place in a sequence controlled by the control unit 900.

[0189] In addition, the control unit 900 can, for example, be configured to control the sequence depending on the value-added activity of the devices (primary load of the first, primary load-dependent energy converter 210) and / or a requirement of the consumer module 600, 800 for an energy quantity of the first energy form (for example, electrical energy form E) and an energy quantity of the second energy form (for example, thermal energy T).

[0190] Alternatively or additionally, the control unit 900 can also take into account, for example, the different efficiencies in the conversion from one form of energy to another and accordingly modify / control the order or the conversion, storage and generation behavior of the respective energy forms of the exemplary system 1000, wherein, for example, the higher efficiency has priority over the lower efficiency.

[0191] In particular, taking into account the different efficiencies when controlling when, how and to which other form of energy the produced or surplus energy (for example electrical energy or one of the two other energy forms) is converted contributes to optimal use of the energy provided and the continuous and needs-based supply of the building in 2000.

[0192] While, for example, in the case of a comparatively very large energy surplus, it may make sense to convert the excess energy with a lower efficiency but with a much larger storage capacity, in the case of a comparatively small energy surplus, it may make more sense to convert the excess energy with the highest possible efficiency but with lower storage capacities.

[0193] Alternatively or additionally, a cost model between the amount of energy generated, stored, and converted can also be used to determine the order by the control unit 900. The cost model is influenced by production costs, operating costs, and efficiency. Lower production and operating costs take priority over higher production and operating costs. Higher efficiency takes priority over lower efficiency.

[0194] Furthermore, the control unit 900 can, for example, be configured to control the storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form (for example thermal energy T) in the first energy storage device 220 / 230 such that the energy quantity is primarily stored in the short-term storage device 220 and the energy quantity of the second energy form is subsequently stored in the long-term storage device 230.

[0195] In addition, for example, the control unit 900 can be configured to control the outdoor pool 700 (additional consumer 700) such that, if the energy storage devices for storing the second energy form (for example thermal energy T) essentially no longer have any capacity for an additional amount of energy of the second energy form, an excess amount of energy of the second energy form is supplied to the outdoor pool 700 (additional consumer 700) for consumption in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the exemplary system 1000, in particular the amount of energy of the second energy form.

[0196] This allows a type of "emergency cooling" of the exemplary system 1000 to be carried out if necessary and the total amount of energy in the system 1000 to be significantly reduced, for example.

[0197] Furthermore, the control unit 900 can be configured, for example, to allow or stop the supply of electrical energy E from the public power grid 40 to the exemplary system 1000 for providing electrical energy E and / or to allow or stop the supply of electrical energy E from the exemplary system 1000 to the public power grid 40, for example in the event of a surplus of self-produced electrical energy E (for example by the wind turbine 110 and / or the photovoltaic unit 120).

[0198] Particularly with regard to the feeding of electrical energy E into the public power grid 40, it is advantageous to ensure that the so-called grid stability is not jeopardized.

[0199] If, for example, all photovoltaic systems in Germany were to feed into the public electricity grid 40 in addition to all conventional energy sources, there would be far too much electrical energy E in the grid, which in the worst case would lead to the collapse of the electricity grid, the so-called blackout.

[0200] But even much smaller amounts of energy can pose a problem for the public grid, so that, for example, when new photovoltaic systems are installed, there is a requirement that these systems must be able to be remotely regulated down by the grid operator if they have a peak power of 100 kW or more, should there be a risk of grid overload or instability.

[0201] It should be noted at this point that in the exemplary system 1000, electrical energy E was chosen as the first energy form, thermal energy T as the second energy form, and chemical energy C as the third energy form. The system 1000 described here is in no way limited to this; rather, the first energy form can also be one of the other two energies (thermal or chemical), the second energy form can also be one of the other two energies (electrical or chemical), and the third energy form can also be one of the other two energies (electrical or thermal).

[0202] Furthermore, it should be noted at this point that appropriately configured lines (E, T, C) are provided in the exemplary system 1000 for the respective energy transfer (transfer of electrical energy E, of thermal energy T, of chemical energy C) from one module and / or converter and / or storage device to another module and / or other converter and / or other storage device and / or a consumer. For the energy transfer of electrical energy E, various current-carrying lines / materials such as lines made of steel, aluminum, copper, etc. can be used. For the energy transfer of thermal energy T, for example, fluid-carrying lines (e.g. pipes) can be used, for example lines carrying water, brine, or air.Brine-carrying lines can, for example, contain aqueous solutions of salts or refrigerants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons or glycols, both from plant production and from fossil petroleum, as well as other fluids for heat transfer. For the energy transfer of chemical energy C, fluid-carrying lines (e.g., pipes) or containers (e.g., tanks) can also be used, for example, which are designed to carry hydrogen and / or methane or suspensions of silica gels, metal hydrides, zeolites, or metal oxides, such as boron oxide in oily suspension.

[0203] Fig. 3 shows an exploded view of an exemplary building 2000 with an outbuilding 2100 implementing the exemplary system 1000.

[0204] For example, photovoltaic units 120 are installed on the roof of building 2000 and / or its annex 2100 to provide electrical energy E, which can be stored, for example, in the third energy storage unit 130, which is designed here as a vanadium redox flow accumulator, and used as needed for consumption in building 2000 or in the annex 2100. For example, the third energy storage unit 130 can be constructed on a separate foundation at some distance from the annex 2100 (see right side of Fig. 3).

[0205] The electrical energy E provided by the photovoltaic units 120 or emitted by the third energy storage device 130 can advantageously be converted into thermal energy T in the first, primary load-dependent energy converter 210. As an example, a server unit / computer unit with corresponding server racks that have water cooling is shown, wherein the heated water, depending on the utilization of the computing unit, can be used, for example, to heat the building 2000 or the annex 2100 within the exemplary system 1000. In this case, the computing unit can be provided as the first, primary load-dependent energy converter 210, for example, on the first floor of the annex 2100. The computing unit can of course also be provided at any other location in the building 2000 or in the annex 2100. The formation of a structurally suitable room orInstallation location with thermal, acoustic, and electromagnetic insulation. Furthermore, the second energy converter 310 for converting electrical energy E into chemical energy C is provided in the annex 2100, for example, in order to carry out a corresponding conversion and subsequent storage of the chemical energy C in one of the second energy storage units 320 in the event of a surplus of electrical energy E. When electrical and / or thermal energy E / T is required, the stored chemical energy C can be retrieved again and, through appropriate conversion or reconversion, for example in a fuel cell 330 or a combined heat and power plant 330, electrical and / or thermal energy E / T can be made available for consumption in the building 2000 or in the annex 2100.

[0206] In addition, the exemplary building 2000 or annex 2100 may further utilize a heat pump 510 to provide additional heat energy in the exemplary system 1000, wherein the heat pump 510 may advantageously be arranged spatially in the vicinity of the thermal short-term storage 220 and / or the thermal long-term storage 230.

[0207] The generated heat (thermal energy T) can be stored, for example, in thermal short-term storage 220 for the short-term re-provision of this energy, or in thermal long-term storage 230, such as a seasonal heat storage, for long-term re-provision. This seasonal heat storage (thermal long-term storage 230) can, for example, be provided by brine pipes laid in loops between the strip foundations of the outbuilding 2100 and can release its heat (thermal energy T) into the surrounding material for long-term storage.

[0208] In addition, a fifth energy storage device 240, designed as a thermochemical heat storage device 240, can be provided in the building 2000 or in the annex 2100 to store the generated heat over the long term. Furthermore, the long-term thermal storage device 230 can be designed as a thermochemical heat storage device 240 if, for example, the space available in or on the building 2000 or annex 2100 does not allow for a "classic" long-term thermal storage device 230 such as an earth basin heat storage device or a container heat storage device. Should the heat quantity in the exemplary system 1000 become too large and all thermal or thermochemical storage devices are already full, thus requiring a type of emergency cooling to reduce the total energy quantity (in particular the total thermal energy quantity) from the exemplary system 1000, an outdoor pool 700, for example, can be provided as an additional thermal consumer 700.By heating the outdoor pool 700 with the amount of heat in the system 1000, whereby the large power loss from evaporative cooling, which depends on the size of the water surface, and heat losses to the environment, which depend on the outside temperature, the overall amount of heat in the exemplary system 1000 can be significantly reduced.

[0209] In addition to the typical consumers such as radiators and / or surface heating systems 620 of the building 2000 and radiators and / or surface heating systems 650 of the annex 2100 of the thermal consumer module 600 and the general electrical consumers / power requirements 810 of the building 2000 or the annex 2100 of the electrical consumer module 800, the exemplary building 2000 or annex 2100 can also provide, for example, charging stations / wall boxes 820, 830 for charging electrically powered vehicles with electrical energy E, in particular in an exemplary garage.

[0210] It should be noted at this point that the exemplary building 2000 or annex 2100 shown and described here by way of example may also comprise further modules or parts of modules of the exemplary system 1000 described in Fig. 2, for example a second energy supply module 400 which is designed as a wood gasification boiler (comprising a second energy generator 410 and a fourth energy converter 420).

[0211] Figures 4a to 7b, each of which shows diagrams, deal with the topic of energy balances of chemical, electrical and thermal energy C, E, T, particularly with regard to generation, consumption and storage by the respective modules or units, whereby the diagrams represent the energies as area under the respective curve (integral) as power P in kW (y-axis) over a period t (x-axis).

[0212] Fig. 4a shows a diagram of heat absorption (values ​​in the negative area of ​​the power axis represent heat consumption) and heat dissipation (values ​​in the positive area of ​​the power axis represent heat generation) of modules 200, 300, 500, 600, 700 of the exemplary system 1000 in kW, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time period of the first quarter of a year (here, for example, the year 2022), starting in January. It can be seen that the heat dissipation of the first, primary load-dependent energy converter 210, which is embodied here as a server, has two heat quantities 210Ta and 210Tb. The server has a heat quantity 210Ta due to a server base load and a load-dependent heat quantity 210Tb due to a specific utilization of the server by computing and / or storage processes.It can also be seen that the base load of the server releases a continuous heat quantity of 210Ta over the quarter, while the load-dependent heat quantity of 210Tb shows individual smaller fluctuations (for example, due to occasional significantly lower server utilization).

[0213] These fluctuations are compensated, for example, by the heat quantity 510Ta emitted by the heat pump 510 used, which uses the heat quantity stored in the seasonal storage 230 / long-term thermal storage 230 during the previous year to provide the heat quantity required in the exemplary system 1000.

[0214] In addition to the heat quantities emitted by the first, primary load-dependent energy converter 210, the diagram according to Fig. 4a shows a heat quantity 310Ta emitted by the electrolysis unit 310, as well as a heat quantity 330Ta emitted by the fuel cell 330. These two heat quantities 310Ta, 330Ta occur somewhat more frequently in the first quarter of the year, especially at the beginning of the year, and then decrease towards March.

[0215] In contrast, there are absorbed heat quantities 620Ta and 650Ta of the heating systems (for example radiators and / or surface heating systems 620, 650 of the building 2000 / 2100) for heating the building 2000 / 2100 and a constant absorbed heat quantity 610Ta for the continuous provision of hot water.

[0216] However, the sum of the heat quantities released and absorbed in a time period (e.g. one day) results in a relative balance, so that, for example, only in the case of an exceptionally large generation of electrical energy E (see, for example, on January 22, 2022 on the time axis of the diagram in Fig. 4a caused by strong winds on a sunny day in the model calculation and resulting large yields of wind and solar energy) do large amounts of heat 310Ta arise through the conversion by means of the electrolysis unit 310.If this is accompanied by low outside temperatures and thus a heating requirement, it can happen, primarily in cloudy conditions or at night and when the wind dies down, that electricity and heat must be provided again by means of the fuel cell 330 for the exemplary system 1000 in order to cover the demand for electrical energy and heat (absorbed heat) for heating the building 2000 / 2100 and for hot water preparation.

[0217] The time period from April, where an absorbed heat quantity of 700Ta of the outdoor pool 700 is also shown, is described below.

[0218] Fig. 4b shows the continuation of the diagram from Fig. 4a over a time period of the second quarter of the exemplary year, starting from April.

[0219] Because sufficient thermal energy is available over the summer and the heating season for the building ends in 2000 / 2100, the thermal energy E can already be used in April of that year to absorb a comparatively large amount of heat 700Ta for heating and maintaining the desired temperature of the outdoor pool 700. Helpful for this is the electrical energy E available in the model calculation based on weather data from the exemplary location (Thuringia, Thuringian Basin region), which is converted in the electrolysis unit 310 due to surplus in the exemplary system 1000 and is thus available to generate the released heat quantity 310Ta.Since the days in April are still relatively short compared to summer, solar yields are only available for a limited time, so that the hydrogen storage unit 320 is discharged again overnight to provide electrical energy E for the technical systems. Thus, the fuel cell 330 provides a heat quantity 330Ta to generate the required electrical power, which also contributes to the required heat quantity 700Ta.

[0220] In the coming months, when outside temperatures are warmer, less heat (700Ta) needs to be absorbed for the outdoor pool to maintain the temperature. This results in the server base load and the server's primary load (heat output 210Ta, 210Tb), as well as the brief use of the electrolysis unit 310 and the fuel cell 330 (heat output 310Ta, 330Ta), sometimes even staggered, being used to cover the absorbed heat quantities 610Ta, 620Ta, 650Ta, and 700Ta from the consumers, as well as to charge the long-term thermal storage 230 / seasonal heat storage 230 with heat quantities that can later be used for the colder months in terms of outside temperatures by feeding in heat via a heat pump 510.

[0221] Fig. 4c shows the continuation of the diagram from Fig. 4b over a time period of the third quarter of the exemplary year, starting from July.

[0222] What is particularly noticeable is that the amount of heat 700Ta absorbed by the outdoor pool 700 increased in August, although no significantly increased amount of heat was emitted by the heat generators (such as server 210, electrolysis unit 310, or fuel cell 330). This may be due, for example, to the fact that the amount of energy in the exemplary system 1000 was too high and the outdoor pool 700 was used for targeted, additional energy consumption in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the exemplary system 1000. This can be achieved, for example, by additional heating of the outdoor pool 700. Depending on the heat generation and heat consumption, it may also be the case that an increase in the amount of heat 700Ta absorbed by the outdoor pool 700 is not necessary and the outdoor pool 700 can be heated more or less with a constant amount of heat absorption.

[0223] This may also be necessary if the seasonal storage 230 / thermal long-term storage 230 is fully loaded from the end of July and can no longer absorb any additional heat, so that the excess heat must be released to the environment via the outdoor pool 700.

[0224] Fig. 4d shows the continuation of the diagram from Fig. 4c over a time period of the fourth quarter of the exemplary year, starting from October.

[0225] Essentially, from October onwards, a slight increase in the heat quantities 620Ta and 650Ta absorbed for heating the building 2000 / 2100 can be seen, whereby this is essentially related to the colder outside temperatures that occur at the end of each year, at least in the countries of the northern hemisphere. As time progresses towards the winter months of December to February, the outside temperatures continue to drop and accordingly the heat quantity absorption 620Ta and 650Ta increases significantly.

[0226] As can be seen in Fig. 4d, the heat quantity from the seasonal storage 230 / thermal long-term storage 230 is also increasingly used, which is fed into the exemplary system 1000 via the heat pump 510 as emitted heat quantity 510Ta and can be used by the respective consumers 610, 620, 650 and 700, whereby the outdoor pool 700 is still heated in October.

[0227] The heating of outdoor pool 700 is still evident in this model calculation in October because the generation of electrical energy from renewable energy sources (such as wind 10 or solar energy 20) already declines significantly in October, so that electricity is increasingly generated from hydrogen. However, this releases more heat than is consumed by the entire system 1000 in October, because the outside temperatures are not yet cold enough for heating the building in 2000 / 2100 to result in a corresponding consumption of thermal energy. Therefore, in this model calculation, it is necessary to continue heating outdoor pool 700 to prevent the entire system from overheating.

[0228] In a system 1000 that would rely on continuously available temperature measurements under real-world conditions, the outdoor pool 700 would only be heated as long as a heat surplus actually existed in the exemplary system 1000. Only when the heat surplus no longer existed or a heat shortage occurred in the system 1000 would the exemplary system 1000 activate the heat pump 510 to generate additional thermal energy quantities 510Ta.

[0229] Only in November does heat demand exceed heat generation, so that heating of the outdoor pool 700 is no longer necessary. Additional heat is increasingly provided by the heat pump 510, thus reducing the thermal energy in the seasonal storage 230.

[0230] If, as shown by way of example in the diagram in Fig. 4d, a significant reduction in the server's utilization were to occur, a quantity of heat could be released from the seasonal storage 230 / long-term thermal storage 230 in the short term by means of the heat pump 510 in order to feed a correspondingly large quantity of heat 510Ta into the exemplary system 1000 and to compensate for the "loss" of heat generation due to the lack of server utilization.

[0231] In addition, towards the end of the year, the increased heat quantities 310Ta and 330Ta released by the electrolysis unit 310 and the fuel cell 330 can be used to provide heat for the building 2000 / 2100.

[0232] Fig. 5a shows a diagram of a charging power (values ​​in the positive area of ​​the power axis represent the absorption of chemical energy C) and withdrawal power (values ​​in the negative area of ​​the power axis represent the release of chemical energy C) calculated as an example in the model calculation of the second energy storage device 320 of the exemplary system 1000 in kW over the time period of one year (here, for example, the year 2022).

[0233] In particular, in the first two months (January and February) and in the last two months (November and December) of the year, a reduced charging and withdrawal performance of the chemical energy quantity 320Ca of the second energy storage device 320 is evident.

[0234] This reduced charging and discharging capacity of the chemical energy quantity 320Ca occurs particularly in the colder months of the year. This is due to the fact that, particularly in the warmer and thus more sun-intensive months, significantly more excess electrical energy E was generated by the renewable energy sources, in particular by the solar energy 20 or the photovoltaic unit 120. This excess electrical energy was converted into chemical energy C for advantageous storage, for example, by means of the electrolysis unit 310, and fed to the second storage unit 320 for storage. In addition, electricity available at lower cost from the public grid 40 can also be used to charge the second energy storage unit 320.

[0235] In total, this resulted in partial storage or charging capacities of the second energy storage device 320 exceeding 30 kW and an increase in the fill level of the second storage device 320, particularly from July onwards (see also Fig. 5b), since during this period a consistently high peak power extraction rate (sometimes up to 24 kW) of the chemical energy quantity 320Ca from the second energy storage device 320 was recorded, although this was nevertheless significantly below the stated charging capacity. The consistently high extraction rate can be attributed, for example, to the fact that the conversion of chemical energy C into thermal energy T by the fuel cell 330 was additionally used to heat the outdoor pool 700 during this period.

[0236] Only from approximately September onwards does the charging power fall below the withdrawal power of the second energy storage unit 320, thus leading to a reduction in the fill level of the second energy storage unit 320 from September onwards (see also Fig. 5b). The reduced charging power during this period may be due, for example, to the fact that the electrical energy E must be increasingly used for the additional provision / generation of thermal energy T for heating the building 2000 / 2100 (see also Fig. 4d, approximately from September onwards), for example by operating the servers / value-added machines as primary-load-dependent heat generators (first, primary-load-dependent energy converter 210) and systems or by switching on the heat pump 510.

[0237] From November of that year, a significantly reduced extraction rate of chemical energy 320Ca is also observed. This may be due to less electricity available from renewable energies, for example, so that less chemical energy C (here, hydrogen) is generated in the electrolyzer 210 and stored in the second energy storage unit 320. The storage unit 320 is therefore often empty (without the intake of electricity from the public grid) (see also Fig. 5b, from November onwards). Only when the storage unit 320 is not empty can electricity be provided on demand with waste heat utilization.

[0238] Fig. 5b shows a diagram of a fill level of the second energy storage device 320 (exemplary hydrogen storage device 320) of the exemplary system 1000 calculated as an example in the model calculation in % over the time period of one year (here, as an example, the year 2022).

[0239] As already partially mentioned in Fig. 5a, a very strong increase in the filling level of the second storage 320 (hydrogen storage 320) takes place, particularly from July onwards, since, as also shown in Fig. 5a, the charging power is regularly significantly higher than the withdrawal power of the second storage 320.

[0240] From approximately September onwards, the charging power is below the withdrawal power of the second energy storage device 320, which thus leads to a partly significant reduction in the filling level of the second energy storage device 320 within a short period of time (see also Fig. 5a).

[0241] Fig. 6a shows a diagram of a charging power (values ​​in the positive range of the power axis represent the intake of electrical energy E) and withdrawal power (values ​​in the negative range of the power axis represent the output of electrical energy E) calculated as an example in the model calculation of the third energy storage device 130 of the exemplary system 1000, which is designed as a vanadium redox flow accumulator 130, in kW over the time period of one year (here the year 2022 as an example).

[0242] It becomes clear, particularly in conjunction with Fig. 6b, that the third energy storage device 130 is used primarily as a type of compensating storage device for the short-term storage and short-term release / provision of an electrical energy quantity 130Ea, so that this also results in a highly fluctuating fill level (see Fig. 6b), and the same amount of energy 130Ea is stored in the third energy storage device 130 and then released again within a short period of time (e.g., a few days). An "accumulation" of electrical energy E over a longer period of time is only a secondary objective here, for example.

[0243] It can also be seen that, particularly during the cold months (January and February, as well as November and December), significantly lower amounts of energy 130Ea are stored in and released from the third energy storage unit 130. This is related, for example, to the increased use of the available electrical energy E for heating the building in 2000 / 2100, so that very often during this time period there is hardly any excess electrical energy E available that can be directly stored as electrical energy 130Ea.

[0244] The absence of storage (charging) and discharge processes (withdrawal processes) as well as the reduction of the fill level of the third storage 130 to essentially 0% in the time window in mid-April of the year can be attributed, for example, to the significantly increased use of the electrolyzer 310 to generate thermal energy T (thermal energy quantity 310Ta) with a constantly high utilization of the servers (first, primary load-dependent energy converter 210) to generate the thermal energy quantity 210Ta / b in this time window according to Fig. 4a, so that even in this time window there is no or hardly any excess electrical energy E available for storage in the third energy storage 130.

[0245] Fig. 6b shows a diagram of a fill level of the third energy storage device 130 (exemplary vanadium redox flow accumulator 130) of the exemplary system 1000 in % over the time period of one year (here, exemplarily, the year 2022), calculated as an example in the model calculation, wherein the fill level correlates with the charging and discharging processes according to Fig. 6a.

[0246] Fig. 7a shows a diagram of a charging power (values ​​in the positive area of ​​the power axis represent the absorption of thermal energy T) and withdrawal power (values ​​in the negative area of ​​the power axis represent the release of thermal energy T) of the long-term thermal storage 230 of the exemplary system 1000 in kW over the time period of one year (here, as an example, the year 2022).

[0247] In the colder months (January and February as well as October to December), essentially only thermal energy quantities 230Ta are withdrawn from the thermal long-term storage 230, and only with the start of the warmer months (approx. June to mid / end of September) does this reverse and essentially only thermal energy quantities 230Ta are loaded / stored in the thermal long-term storage 230.

[0248] To extract the thermal energy T from the long-term thermal storage 230, the heat pump 510 is primarily used so that it can generate the thermal energy quantity 510Ta based on the thermal energy T provided by the storage device, with additional consumption of electrical energy E, and feed it into the exemplary system 1000. Therefore, the extraction processes from the long-term thermal storage 230 correlate with the heat emissions of the thermal energy quantity 510Ta occurring in Figs. 4a to 4d.

[0249] The excess thermal energy T in the exemplary system 1000 is used to charge / store the long-term thermal storage unit 230, as can be seen in particular in the periods from June to mid-September in Figs. 4a to 4d. Since no thermal energy T is extracted from the long-term thermal storage unit 230 here, the fill level of the long-term thermal storage unit 230 rises correspondingly quickly (see Fig. 7b). The charge of the long-term thermal storage unit 230 can be more than 100% (for example, approximately 110%), which is possible, for example, with a long-term thermal storage unit 230 designed as a ground-coupled heat storage unit if, for example, this unit has a temperature of more than 25°C, which would be considered a 100% fill level. However, it is generally recommended in these cases to cool the storage unit 230 orof the system 1000, for example by loading the fifth energy storage unit 240 (chemical heat storage unit 240) with thermal energy T or by emergency cooling via the outdoor pool 700.

[0250] Only with the onset of the colder months does the filling level of the thermal long-term storage 230 decrease significantly (see Fig. 7b).

[0251] In the periods from approximately March to the end of May, only occasional charging and withdrawal processes of thermal energy T occur in the long-term thermal storage 230. This is due, for example, to the fact that initially, during this time period, no excess heat (thermal energy T) is present in the exemplary system 1000, and if a small deficit exists, the waste heat from the electrolyzer 310 or the fuel cell 330 is initially used to generate additional heat (see, for example, Figs. 4a and 4b).

[0252] Fig. 7b shows a diagram of a fill level of the long-term thermal storage 230 (exemplified as a ground-coupled heat storage) of the exemplary system 1000 in % over the time period of one year (here, as an example, the year 2022), calculated as an example in the model calculation, wherein the fill level correlates with the charging and discharging processes according to Fig. 7a.

[0253] As already described in Fig. 7a, especially during the warmer months (from June to mid-September), the thermal energy quantities 230Ta are stored in the long-term thermal storage 230 and thus the filling level is continuously increased, while in the colder months (January and February as well as October to December) the filling level is sometimes rapidly reduced.

[0254] Fig. 8a shows an exemplary method for controlling an exemplary system 1000 for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building 2000 / 2100 by means of the control unit 900.

[0255] It should be noted at this point that the steps of the exemplary method described below, and in particular the reference symbols used therein for the individual steps, are not intended to represent or in any way express a sequence of the individual steps. Rather, for example, a step with a lower reference symbol may take place after a step with a higher reference symbol, and vice versa, in the exemplary method.

[0256] In the method described by way of example, step S101 initially comprises providing an amount of energy of a first energy form by means of a first energy supply module 100, wherein step S102 comprises converting, in a primary load-dependent manner, part of the amount of energy of the first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form by means of a first, primary load-dependent energy converter 210 (for example, server, machine tool, etc.) of a first energy converter module 200.

[0257] In step S103, a demand-dependent energy quantity of the first energy form (for example electrical energy E) and / or a demand-dependent energy quantity of the second energy form (for example thermal energy T) is consumed by at least one consumer of a consumer module 600, 800 of the building 2000 / 2100, wherein, if the energy quantity of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module 100 is greater than the demand-dependent energy quantity of the first and second energy form consumed by the consumer module 600, 800, then, at a later time or simultaneously in step S104, the substantially excess energy quantity of the second energy form is stored in a first energy storage device 220 / 230 of the first energy converter module 200,in step S105, the conversion of the substantially excess energy of the first energy form into a third energy form different from the first and second energy forms (for example, chemical energy C) by means of a second energy converter 310 of a second energy converter module 300, wherein, during the conversion of the substantially excess energy of the first energy form into the third energy form, a portion of the substantially excess energy of the first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and supplied to the first energy storage device 220 / 230 for storage, and in step S106, the storage of the energy of the third energy form in a second energy storage device 320 of the second energy converter module 300 takes place.

[0258] Additionally or alternatively, if the amount of energy of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module 100 is smaller than the demand-dependent amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module 600 / 800, the amount of energy stored in the first energy storage device 220 / 230 for storing the second energy form is released for consumption in the consumer module 600 / 800, in step S107, at different times or simultaneously, the amount of energy stored in the second energy storage device 320 for storing the third energy form is released to a third energy converter 330, and in step S109 the amount of energy released by the second energy storage device 320 for storing the third energy form is converted into an amount of energy of the first energy form by means of the third energy converter 330 for consumption in the consumer module 600 / 800.wherein, during the conversion of the energy quantity of the third energy form delivered by the second energy storage device 320 into the first energy form, a part of the delivered energy quantity of the third energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and fed to the consumer module 600 / 800 for consumption.

[0259] Fig. 8b shows an exemplary method for controlling an exemplary system

[0260] 1000 for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building 2000 / 2100 by means of the control unit 900, which can be used in addition to or alternatively to the exemplary method as shown and described in Fig. 8a.

[0261] Furthermore, the exemplary method may comprise step S110, which comprises generating an amount of energy of a first energy form by means of a first energy generator 110 / 120 of the first energy supply module 100, wherein the generated amount of energy of the first energy form is dependent on at least one first, discontinuous energy source 10 / 20, in particular a renewable energy source such as solar energy 20 and / or wind energy 10.

[0262] In addition, if the amount of energy of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module 100 is greater than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module 600 / 800, the exemplary method can, with a temporal offset or simultaneously, comprise step S111 storing a portion of the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form in a third energy storage device 130 of the first energy supply module 100, step S112 storing the substantially excess amount of energy of the second energy form in the first energy storage device 220 / 230 of the first energy converter module 200, step S113 converting another portion of the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form into the third energy form by means of the second energy converter 310 of the second energy converter module 300,wherein, during the conversion of the other part of the substantially excess energy quantity of the first energy form into the third energy form, a part of the other part of the substantially excess energy quantity of the first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and supplied to the first energy storage device 220 / 230 for storage, and comprising the step S114 of storing the energy quantity of the third energy form in the second energy storage device 320 of the second energy converter module 300.

[0263] Additionally or alternatively, if the amount of energy of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module 100 is smaller than the amount of energy of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module 600 / 800, the exemplary method can, at different times or simultaneously, include step S115 delivering the amount of energy stored in the third energy storage device 130 for storing the first energy form for consumption in the consumer module 600 / 800, step S116 delivering the amount of energy stored in the first energy storage device 220 / 230 for storing the second energy form for consumption in the consumer module 600 / 800, step S117 delivering the amount of energy stored in the second energy storage device 320 for storing the third energy form to the third energy converter 330, and step

[0264] 5118 Converting the amount of energy delivered by the second energy store 320 for storing the third energy form into an energy amount of the first energy form by means of the third energy converter 330 for consumption in the consumer module 600 / 800, wherein during the conversion of the amount of energy of the third energy form delivered by the second energy store 320 into the first energy form, a part of the delivered amount of energy of the third energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and supplied to the consumer module 600 / 800 for consumption.

[0265] In addition, the exemplary method can be designed such that the storage of the excess amount of energy of the various energy forms in the energy storage devices, the release of the amount of energy of the various energy forms stored in the energy storage devices, and the conversion of the excess or released amount of energy of the various energy forms take place in a sequence controlled by the control unit 900, wherein the control unit 900 is configured to control the sequence depending on a primary load (for example, performing computing operations in a server / computing unit, machining a workpiece on a machine tool, etc.) of the first, primary load-dependent energy converter 210 and a requirement of the consumer module 600 / 800 for an amount of energy of the first energy form and an amount of energy of the second energy form.

[0266] In addition, the exemplary method can be designed such that the first energy storage device 220 / 230 comprises a short-term storage device 220 for the short-term storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form and a long-term storage device 230 for the medium to long-term storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form, wherein the control unit 900 is further configured to control the storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form in the first energy storage device 220 / 230 such that the energy quantity is primarily stored in the short-term storage device 220 and the energy quantity of the second energy form is subsequently stored in the long-term storage device 230.

[0267] In addition, the exemplary method can comprise, in step S119, generating an energy quantity of the third energy form by means of a second energy generator 410 of a second energy supply module 400, wherein the generation of an energy quantity of the third energy form by the second energy generator 410 is dependent on at least one second energy source 30 different from the first energy source 10, 20, 40, in step S120 converting the generated energy quantity of the third energy form into the second energy form by means of a fourth energy converter 420 of the second energy supply module 400, and in step S121 storing the energy quantity of the second energy form in a fourth energy storage 430 of the second energy supply module 400, wherein the control unit 900 is configured to generate,Converting and storing the amount of energy by the second energy supply module 400 depending on the energy requirement of the consumer module 600 / 800 and the availability of the second energy source 30.

[0268] In addition, the exemplary method in step S122 may comprise consuming an excess amount of energy of the second energy form by an additional consumer 700 that is different from the at least one consumer of the consumer module 600 / 800 of the building 2000 / 2100, if the energy storage devices for storing the second energy form essentially no longer have capacity for an additional amount of energy of the second energy form, in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the exemplary system 1000, in particular the amount of energy of the second energy form.

[0269] The exemplary method, as well as the exemplary system 1000, can be designed such that the first form of energy is an electrical energy E, the second form of energy is a thermal energy T and the third form of energy is a chemical energy C.

[0270] Furthermore, the exemplary method may include, in step S123, allowing or stopping a supply of electrical energy from the public power grid 40 to the exemplary system 1000 by means of a connection of the exemplary system 1000 to the public power grid 40, or, in step S124, allowing or stopping a supply of electrical energy to the public power grid 40 from the exemplary system 1000 by means of the connection of the exemplary system 1000 to the public power grid 40.

[0271] It should be noted that only examples or exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, as well as technical advantages, have been described above in detail with reference to the accompanying figures. The present disclosure is in no way limited or restricted to the exemplary embodiments described above and their design features or the described combinations thereof, but further encompasses modifications of the exemplary embodiments, in particular those encompassed by modifications of the features of the described examples or by combinations or partial combinations of individual or several of the features of the described examples within the scope of the independent claims.

[0272] List of reference symbols

[0273] 10 first energy source / wind

[0274] 20 first energy source / solar radiation / solar energy

[0275] 30 second energy source / wood / biomass

[0276] 40 Energy suppliers / public power grid

[0277] 45 energy suppliers / natural gas suppliers

[0278] 50 Demand for computing capacity

[0279] 100 first energy supply module

[0280] 110 first energy generator / wind turbine

[0281] 120 first energy generator / photovoltaic unit

[0282] 130 third energy storage / electrical energy storage

[0283] 200 first energy converter module

[0284] 210 first energy converter (primary load dependent) / calculation unit

[0285] 220 first energy storage / thermal short-term storage

[0286] 230 first energy storage / long-term thermal storage

[0287] 240 fifth energy storage / chemical heat storage

[0288] 300 second energy converter module

[0289] 310 second energy converter / electrolysis unit

[0290] 320 second energy storage / chemical storage / hydrogen storage

[0291] 330 third energy converter / fuel cell / combined heat and power plant

[0292] 340 reversible fuel cell

[0293] 400 second energy supply module

[0294] 410 second energy generator / wood gasifier

[0295] 420 fourth energy converter / wood gas burner

[0296] 430 fourth energy storage units

[0297] 500 Additional heating module 510 Heat pump

[0298] 520 heat cartridge

[0299] 600 consumer module (thermal)

[0300] 610 consumers / drinking water consumers

[0301] 620 consumers / radiators / surface heating system

[0302] 630 heat exchangers

[0303] 640 heating network

[0304] 650 consumers / surface heating system

[0305] 700 additional consumers / outdoor pool

[0306] 800 consumer module (electrical)

[0307] 810 normal power consumption

[0308] 820 Wallbox

[0309] 830 Wallbox

[0310] 900 control unit

[0311] 1000 systems

[0312] 2000 buildings

[0313] 2100 outbuildings

[0314] E electrical energy

[0315] T thermal energy

[0316] C chemical energy

Claims

Patent claims 1. System for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building, with: - a first energy supply module for providing an amount of energy of a first energy form, - a first energy converter module comprising a first, primary load-dependent energy converter for the primary load-dependent conversion of a portion of the provided energy quantity of the first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form and a first energy storage device for storing an energy quantity of the second energy form, - a consumer module having at least one consumer of the building for consuming a demand-dependent amount of energy of the first energy form and / or a demand-dependent amount of energy of the second energy form, and - a control unit for controlling the modules of the system, wherein the system further comprises a second energy converter module, which - a second energy converter for converting another part of the energy quantity of the first energy form into a third energy form different from the first and second energy forms, wherein during the conversion of the other part of the energy quantity of the first energy form into the third energy form, a part of the other part of the energy quantity of the first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form, - has a second energy storage device for storing the amount of energy of the third energy form, and - a third energy converter for converting a stored amount of energy of the third energy form into the first energy form, wherein during the conversion of the stored amount of energy of the third energy form into the first energy form, a part of the amount of energy of the third energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form.

2. System according to claim 1, wherein the first energy supply module comprises a first energy generator for generating an amount of energy of the first energy form, wherein the generated amount of energy of the first form of energy depends on at least one first, discontinuous energy source, in particular a renewable energy source such as solar energy and / or wind energy.

3. System according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first energy supply module has a third energy storage for storing an amount of energy of the first energy form.

4. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first energy converter module has a fifth energy storage device which is configured to convert an amount of energy of the second energy form into an amount of energy of the third energy form and to store the same, wherein the fifth energy storage device is further configured to convert the stored amount of energy of the third energy form back into an amount of energy of the second energy form.

5. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the storage of the excess amount of energy of the various energy forms in the energy storage devices, the release of the amount of energy of the various energy forms stored in the energy storage devices and the conversion of the excess or released amount of energy of the various energy forms takes place in a sequence controlled by the control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to control the sequence depending on a primary load of the first, primary load-dependent energy converter and a requirement of the consumer module for an amount of energy of the first energy form and an amount of energy of the second energy form.

6. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first energy storage device comprises a short-term storage device for short-term storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form and a long-term storage device for medium- to long-term storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the short-term storage and the long-term storage are in direct operative communication with each other so that an amount of energy of the second energy form can be exchanged between the short-term storage and the long-term storage.

8. System according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the storage of the amount of energy of the second energy form in the first energy storage device such that the amount of energy is primarily stored in the short-term storage device and the amount of energy of the second energy form is subsequently stored in the long-term storage device.

9. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second energy converter for converting the first energy form into the third energy form and the third energy converter for converting the third energy form into the first energy form of the second energy converter module is an assembly which is configured to carry out the process for converting the third energy form into the first energy form as a reversible process of converting the first energy form into the third energy form.

10. The system of any preceding claim, further comprising: a second energy supply module having a second energy generator for generating the third form of energy, wherein the generation of an amount of energy of the third form of energy by the second energy generator is dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source, wherein the second energy supply module further comprises a fourth energy converter for converting the third form of energy into the second form of energy.

11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the second energy supply module has a fourth energy storage device for storing the second energy form, wherein the fourth energy storage device for storing the second energy form is in no or direct operative connection with the first energy storage device for storing the second energy form for exchanging an amount of energy of the second energy form.

12. System according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: an additional consumer different from the at least one consumer of the consumer module of the building for consuming an amount of energy of the second energy form, wherein the control unit is configured to control the additional consumer such that, if the energy storage devices for storing the second energy form essentially no longer have any capacity for an additional amount of energy of the second energy form, an excess amount of energy of the second energy form is supplied to the additional consumer for consumption in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the system, in particular the amount of energy of the second energy form.

13. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first form of energy is electrical energy, the second form of energy is thermal energy, and the third form of energy is chemical energy.

14. The system according to claims 1 and 13, wherein the second energy converter is an electrolyzer configured to convert an amount of electrical energy into an amount of chemical energy.

15. The system according to claims 1 and 13, wherein the third energy converter is a fuel cell configured to convert an amount of chemical energy into an amount of electrical energy.

16. System according to claims 1 and 13, wherein the third energy converter is a combined heat and power plant configured to convert an amount of chemical energy into an amount of electrical energy and / or an amount of thermal energy.

17. The system of claims 9 and 13, wherein the assembly is a reversible fuel cell capable of converting an amount of electrical energy into an amount of chemical energy in one process and of performing this process in reverse, from chemical energy to electrical energy.

18. System according to claim 13, wherein the system further comprises a connection to the public power grid, wherein the control unit is configured to allow or stop the supply of electrical energy from the public power grid to the system and to allow or stop the supply of electrical energy from the system to the public power grid.

19. System according to claims 6 and 13, wherein the system comprises a heat pump which increases the amount of thermal energy in the system by reversing the heat-power process, the heat pump thereby utilizing the thermal energy stored in the long-term storage of the first energy storage device.

20. System according to claim 6 and 13, wherein the long-term storage of the first energy storage device is a seasonal heat storage device, in particular an earth basin heat storage device.

21. The system of claim 13, wherein the first energy converter is a computer unit that performs computing operations as a primary load and converts the primary load-dependent electrical energy into thermal energy by performing the computing operations.

22. System according to claims 10 and 13, wherein the second energy generator of the second energy supply module is a wood gasification boiler and the fourth energy converter is a wood gas burner, wherein the wood gasification boiler and the wood gas burner are an assembly.

23. System according to claims 3 and 13, wherein the third energy storage device for storing the electrical energy is a vanadium redox flow accumulator or a lithium-ion accumulator.

24. Method for controlling a system for the continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building by means of a control unit, in particular a system according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: - Providing an amount of energy of a first energy form by means of a first energy supply module, - primary load-dependent conversion of a part of the energy quantity of the first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form by means of a first, primary load-dependent energy converter of a first energy converter module, - Consumption of a demand-dependent energy quantity of the first energy form and / or a demand-dependent energy quantity of the second energy form by at least one consumer of a consumer module of the building, wherein, if the energy quantity of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the demand-dependent energy quantity of the first and second energy forms consumed by the consumer module, then at a later time or simultaneously - storing the substantially excess amount of energy of the second energy form in a first energy storage device of the first energy converter module, - converting the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form into a third energy form different from the first and second energy forms by means of a second energy converter of a second energy converter module, wherein during the conversion of the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form into the third energy form, a part of the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and fed to the first energy store for storage, and - storing the energy quantity of the third energy form in a second energy storage device of the second energy converter module, and / or, if the energy quantity of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is smaller than the demand-dependent energy quantity of the first and second energy form consumed by the consumer module, then at a later time or simultaneously - releasing the amount of energy stored in the first energy storage device for storing the second form of energy for consumption in the consumer module, - transferring the amount of energy stored in the second energy storage device for storing the third form of energy to a third energy converter, and - Converting the amount of energy released by the second energy storage device for storing the third form of energy into an amount of energy of the first form of energy by means of the third energy converter for consumption in the consumer module, wherein during the conversion of the energy quantity of the third energy form emitted by the second energy storage device into the first energy form, a part of the emitted energy quantity of the third energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and fed to the consumer module for consumption.

25. The method according to claim 24, comprising: - generating an amount of energy of a first energy form by means of a first energy generator of the first energy supply module, wherein the generated amount of energy of the first energy form is dependent on at least one first, discontinuous energy source, in particular a renewable energy source such as solar energy and / or wind energy 26. The method according to claim 24 or 25, wherein if the amount of energy of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first and second energy form consumed by the consumer module, then, with a time delay or simultaneously - storing a portion of the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form in a third energy storage device of the first energy supply module, - storing the substantially excess amount of energy of the second energy form in the first energy storage device of the first energy converter module, - converting another part of the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form into the third energy form by means of the second energy converter of the second energy converter module, wherein during the conversion of the other part of the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form into the third energy form, a part of the other part of the substantially excess amount of energy of the first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and fed to the first energy storage device for storage, and - storing the energy quantity of the third energy form in the second energy storage device of the second energy converter module, and / or, if the energy quantity of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is smaller than the energy quantity consumed by the consumer module amount of energy of the first and the second energy form, then delayed or simultaneously - releasing the amount of energy stored in the third energy storage device for storing the first form of energy for consumption in the consumer module, - releasing the amount of energy stored in the first energy storage device for storing the second form of energy for consumption in the consumer module, - transferring the amount of energy stored in the second energy storage device for storing the third form of energy to the third energy converter, and - converting the amount of energy delivered by the second energy store for storing the third energy form into an amount of energy of the first energy form by means of the third energy converter for consumption in the consumer module, wherein during the conversion of the amount of energy of the third energy form delivered by the second energy store into the first energy form, a part of the amount of energy delivered of the third energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and supplied to the consumer module for consumption.

27. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the storing of the excess amount of energy of the various energy forms in the energy storage devices, the releasing of the amount of energy of the various energy forms stored in the energy storage devices, and the converting of the excess or released amount of energy of the various energy forms takes place in a sequence controlled by a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to control the sequence as a function of a primary load of the first, primary load-dependent energy converter and a requirement of the consumer module for an amount of energy of the first energy form and an amount of energy of the second energy form.

28. Method according to one of claims 24 to 27, wherein the first energy storage device comprises a short-term storage device for the short-term storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form and a long-term storage device for the medium to long-term storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the storage of the energy quantity of the second energy form in the first energy storage device such that the Amount of energy is stored in the short-term storage, and the amount of energy of the second energy form is subsequently stored in the long-term storage.

29. Method according to one of claims 24 to 28, comprising: - generating an amount of energy of the third energy form by means of a second energy generator of a second energy supply module, wherein the generation of an amount of energy of the third energy form by the second energy generator is dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source, - converting the generated energy quantity of the third energy form into the second energy form by means of a fourth energy converter of the second energy supply module, and - Storing the amount of energy of the second energy form in a fourth energy storage device of the second energy supply module, wherein the control unit is configured to control the generation, conversion and storage of the amount of energy by the second energy supply module depending on the energy requirement of the consumer module and the availability of the second energy source.

30. Method according to one of claims 24 to 29, comprising: - Consumption of an excess amount of energy of the second energy form by an additional consumer different from the at least one consumer of the consumer module of the building, if the energy storage devices for storing the second energy form essentially no longer have any capacity for an additional amount of energy of the second energy form, in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the system, in particular the amount of energy of the second energy form.

31. The method of any one of claims 24 to 30, wherein the first form of energy is electrical energy, the second form of energy is thermal energy, and the third form of energy is chemical energy.

32. The method of claim 31, comprising: - Allowing or stopping the supply of electrical energy from the public grid to the system by connecting the system to the public grid, or - Allowing or stopping the feeding of electrical energy into the public electricity grid from the system by connecting the system to the public electricity grid.

33. A control unit for controlling a system for continuous, demand-based energy supply to a building according to one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the control unit is further configured to carry out a method for controlling the system for continuous, demand-based energy supply to the building according to one of claims 24 to 32.

34. A computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a computer-readable data storage medium, which is executable on a control unit according to claim 33 or in a computer connected to a control unit and which is configured to control a method according to any one of claims 24 to 32.

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