Device for crushing paving stones and / or kerb stones

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (10) for crushing pavings stones and / or kerb stones, in particular made of concrete or concrete-like material, comprising: at least one first crusher (200) with driven crusher elements for crushing the paving and / or kerb stones to be crushed, wherein the crusher has a supply opening via which the paving and / or kerb stones to be crushed are supplied separately to the driven crusher elements; at least one vibration conveyor unit, associated with the first crusher (200), for conveying and separating the paving and / or kerb stones to be crushed, and which are supplied as bulk material, in a conveying direction; wherein the vibration conveyor unit (100) defines a channel-shaped receiving space (130) for the paving and / or kerb stones to be crushed, which introduces acceleration forces of different magnitudes at least in sections into the paving and / or kerb stones to be crushed, in relation to a plane of symmetry (S) extending through the conveying direction (F) and the direction of the acting weight force (G), in such a way that the vibration conveyor unit (100) allows the paving and / or kerb stones to be crushed to become aligned with their longest extension lying substantially parallel to the conveying direction.

Description

[0001] Device for breaking paving stones and / or curbs

[0002] This application claims priority from German patent application No. 10 2022 127 601 .5, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] The invention relates to a device for breaking paving stones and / or curbs, particularly made of concrete or concrete-like material. The device according to the invention can also be used for breaking so-called block steps, particularly made of concrete or concrete-like material.

[0004] The use of mobile devices for crushing paving stones and / or curbstones, for example, to recycle construction waste, is known in the art. Such mobile crushing systems are moved to the location where the crushed material is stored as needed and quickly crush the entire material to a specified particle size (grain size), for example, for a sieve passage of 0 mm to 50 mm. The grain size of a crushed particle refers to its smallest diameter that would pass through a sieve with a specified sieve passage, for example, 7 mm.

[0005] The mobile crushing plants used utilize different types of crushers, such as cone crushers or similar. A corresponding crushing plant is described, for example, in publication AU 2011 2051 97 A1.

[0006] The publication DE 38 34 381 A1 also describes a device for crushing and processing large-grained material, such as construction rubble, road surface rubble, or the like. This device features two crushers arranged one after the other, mounted on a mobile undercarriage and with a sieve-like conveyor between them. The first crusher is, for example, an impact roller crusher, and the second crusher is, for example, an impact crusher.

[0007] Finally, another crushing plant is also shown and described in the document DE 102020 101 863 A1, which comprises a crushing unit to which a conveyor belt unit with an endlessly circulating conveyor belt is directly or indirectly assigned, wherein in the area of ​​the conveyor belt unit, in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity, a magnetic separator with a magnet is held above the conveyor belt.

[0008] What all these mobile crushing plants have in common is that they are delivered when needed, i.e. at regular intervals, for example once a year, in the case of regular crushing, or on request in the case of a one-off crushing, to crush the stone waste, such as paving stones and / or curbstones or construction rubble, to a desired grain size. The crushing capacity of these plants is comparatively high, for example in the range of 200 to 400 kW, in order to crush the raw material on site as quickly as possible. This approach is common due to the high delivery and operating costs of mobile crushing plants. In practice, however, this is particularly disadvantageous if the raw material to be crushed has to be stored between the time it is generated and the time it is crushed, and thus takes up a comparatively large amount of storage space.This is the case, for example, when the construction rubble to be crushed does not arise in a short period of time, as in the case of a building demolition, but continuously in small quantities, such as in the form of waste in the production of paving stones and / or curbstones.

[0009] The crushed material can still be reused after crushing to a given particle size, but the crushed material must be stored again until it is reused, which takes up storage space and, in the case of crushed material made of concrete or concrete-like material, may result in the crushed material possibly starting to set and harden again during the intermediate storage period.

[0010] Accordingly, there is a need for a crushing plant that can be used at any time, i.e., continuously, unlike mobile crushing plants, which are called upon as needed. Unlike the stationary plants used in the past, which also had a very high crushing capacity, the user of a continuous crushing plant will require and desire a much lower crushing capacity than that provided by conventional crushing plants in order to keep plant costs low.

[0011] In order to be able to operate a corresponding crushing plant with a lower output, it is necessary to separate the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed.

[0012] The separation of the starting material to be crushed is also already known from the prior art. For example, the document DE 10 2020 101 863 A1 describes that a conveying device, preferably a vibrating conveyor, is also arranged in the area of ​​the feed hopper.

[0013] In a related technical field, a device for laying out stones is described, in which stones are separated by means of the vibrations of a vibrating trough or a vibrating table in order to be able to subsequently lay them out in individual rows on a substrate via predetermined funnel-shaped troughs (cf. EP 1 074 660 B1).

[0014] In contrast, it is an object of the present invention to provide a device which enables continuous use of the crushing plant by being able to operate it with a lower crushing power than in the known prior art.

[0015] To this end, the present invention proposes a device for crushing paving stones and / or curbstones, in particular made of concrete or concrete-like material, according to claim 1. With the aid of this device, the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed are not only separated, but also aligned lengthwise. In this way, the plant can be designed to be smaller and with a lower crushing capacity, since the starting material to be crushed can be fed to the crusher with a minimal, predetermined cross-section. By means of the longitudinal alignment, i.e. aligning the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed with their longest extent in the conveying direction, the predetermined cross-section of the stones to be crushed can be kept particularly small (minimal).For example, for typical curbstones, the essentially rectangular cross-section of the stones to be crushed is approximately 300 mm x 150 mm, while the longitudinal dimension can be, for example, 1000 mm. Thus, the specified cross-section of the starting material to be crushed can be limited to approximately 300 mm x 300 mm, which also allows the crusher's crushing capacity to be significantly reduced compared to state-of-the-art systems.

[0016] The term "kerbstone" used in the description and claims also includes so-called block steps. These have a basic shape comparable to curbs, with a comparatively large longitudinal dimension compared to the edge lengths of the cross-section, but are somewhat larger. For example, the essentially rectangular cross-section of the stones to be crushed is generally approximately 400 mm x 150 mm, while the longitudinal dimension can be, for example, 1200 mm long. Thus, the specified cross-section of the starting material to be crushed can be limited to approximately 400 mm x 400 mm, for example, which still allows the crushing capacity of the crusher to be significantly reduced compared to systems known from the prior art.

[0017] The device according to the invention comprises at least one first crusher with driven crushing elements for crushing the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed.

[0018] The at least one first crusher has a feed opening through which the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed can be individually fed to the driven crushing elements. The feed opening, and thus also the dimensions of the associated crushing elements, are significantly reduced compared to the prior art due to the minimal predefined cross-section of the stones to be crushed. Thus, in the example described above, the feed opening can also have a substantially rectangular outline that is slightly larger than the predefined cross-section of the starting material to be crushed, for example, 350 mm x 350 mm or the like.

[0019] The feeding, separation, and alignment of the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed is carried out by means of a vibrating conveyor system, which feeds the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed, either in bulk or on pallets, in a conveying direction to the first crusher. In a known manner, the vibration of the vibrating conveyor system supports the conveying and separation process by conveying the stones to be crushed according to the micro-throw principle. Furthermore, the special feature of the vibrating conveyor system according to the invention is that it introduces different acceleration forces into the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed within its trough-shaped receiving space in order to align them accordingly.

[0020] In this context, the term acceleration forces refers not only to positive acceleration forces but also, in particular, to negative acceleration forces, i.e. a section-by-section braking or stopping of the paving stones and / or curbstones to be broken, whereby a twisting movement is introduced into the rubble stones due to the different acceleration forces.

[0021] The conveying direction and the direction of the weight acting on the stones together define a virtual plane of symmetry, whereby, at least in some sections, greater acceleration forces are introduced into the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken on one side of this plane of symmetry than on the other. The virtual plane of symmetry can essentially coincide with the central longitudinal axis of the vibratory conveyor device, in particular the central longitudinal axis of the trough-shaped receiving space, if the trough-shaped receiving space or the vibratory conveyor device extend along a central longitudinal axis.

[0022] In the present case, however, vibratory conveyors with a curved or bent trough-shaped receiving space also fall within the scope of the present invention. If the vibratory conveyor or its trough-shaped receiving space does not extend along a straight line but rather along a curved or bent curve, the vibratory conveyor has not just a single virtual plane of symmetry, but rather a plurality of virtual planes of symmetry, which, as stated, are spanned by the conveying direction at a particular point or area and by the weight force at the particular point or area.

[0023] Furthermore, the channel-shaped receiving chamber, with its design as a channel extending in the direction of conveyance, supports the alignment of the raw material to be crushed along the conveying direction. In particular, curbs with a significantly greater longitudinal extension, if they fall into the channel-shaped receiving chamber already oriented in the desired manner, can remain aligned by the channel shape, while curbs oriented perpendicular to it are aligned by the introduced acceleration forces of varying magnitude and the vibrations of the vibratory conveyor system.

[0024] The vibrations of the vibrating conveyor system cause the starting material to be broken to undergo a micro-throw motion. The paving stones and / or curbstones to be broken are briefly lifted off and continue to move in this way along a micro-throw parabola in the conveying direction until they briefly come into contact with the vibrating conveyor system again and are accelerated again as a result of the vibrations. With each throw, the different acceleration forces act accordingly on the contacting transversely oriented (relative to the conveying direction) sections of the stones to be broken, whereby, for example, one end section (relative to the longest extent) is accelerated or decelerated more strongly than the other. Furthermore, it can be provided that the trough-shaped receiving space for the paving stones and / or curbstones to be broken has an asymmetrical structure with respect to the plane of symmetry, at least in sections.Such an asymmetrical structure may, for example, be expressed in an asymmetrical cross-section or in individual elements, projections, structures or the like that are provided in a certain area of ​​the receiving space on one side (relative to the plane of symmetry) but not on the other.

[0025] Thus, the vibratory conveyor device can comprise at least one vibrating trough with at least two lateral guide walls extending along the conveying direction and a bottom wall.

[0026] In keeping with the asymmetrical design of the trough-shaped receiving space, the first of the guide walls can enclose a first angle of incidence with the base wall, while the second of the guide walls encloses a second angle of incidence with the base wall, whereby the first angle of incidence and the second angle of incidence are of different sizes. The inclined lateral guide walls of the trough-shaped receiving space serve, on the one hand, to hold stones that have already been oriented in the desired manner in the central area of ​​the base wall and to secure them against further twisting. At the same time, the different angles of incidence of the guide walls already introduce different acceleration forces into transversely oriented stones, which, together with the vibrations of the vibratory conveyor system, align these stones.

[0027] Vibration troughs within the meaning of the present application can essentially be designed as conveyor troughs extending along a central longitudinal axis. However, embodiments in which the vibration trough(s) extend along a curve can also fall under the present definition of a vibration device with at least one vibration trough. In this case, the conveying direction is also curved, and the vibration conveyor device can, as explained above, have several virtual planes of symmetry.

[0028] According to a further embodiment, the vibration conveying device can comprise at least two vibration troughs which are arranged one after the other with respect to the conveying direction of the device and define a trough-shaped receiving space for the starting material to be broken.

[0029] The vibrating chutes are thus arranged in a cascade, i.e., in several successive stages, to increase the effectiveness of the vibrating conveyor. The successive vibrating chutes of the vibrating conveyor together define the chute-shaped receiving space of the vibrating conveyor. Furthermore, each of the successive vibrating chutes of the vibrating conveyor can have a conveying direction assigned to it.

[0030] The first vibrating chute can receive the starting material to be crushed, convey it in a first conveying direction according to the micro-throw principle described above toward the second vibrating chute, and discharge one end into the second vibrating chute. The second vibrating chute is fed accordingly from the first vibrating chute.

[0031] In one conceivable embodiment, the at least two vibrating chutes can be designed and arranged in such a way that their respective conveying directions are aligned parallel to each other. The vibrating chutes are arranged virtually in a line one behind the other, and in this embodiment, their central longitudinal axes can be aligned, forming a common central longitudinal axis of the vibrating conveyor device.

[0032] For an asymmetrical structure within the meaning of the present application, at least one of the successively formed vibrating troughs can in turn have an asymmetrical structure such that the jointly formed receiving space consequently has an asymmetrical structure at least in sections.

[0033] Alternatively or additionally, a first vibrating trough of the at least two vibrating troughs can be arranged relative to a second vibrating trough of the at least two vibrating troughs such that the first conveying direction of the first vibrating trough includes a horizontal angle of attack and / or a vertical angle of attack with the second conveying device of the second vibrating trough.

[0034] In one possible embodiment, the vibratory conveyor device thus comprises several, for example two, vibrating chutes arranged one after the other in such a way that the overall conveying direction of the vibratory conveyor device can have a bend in the transition area between the vibrating chutes. This bend can, as explained in more detail below, be visible from a top view (horizontal angle of attack) and / or from a side view (vertical angle of attack).

[0035] In one possible embodiment, the vibratory conveyor device thus comprises several, for example two, vibrating chutes arranged one after the other in such a way that the overall conveying direction of the vibratory conveyor device can have a bend in the transition area between the vibrating chutes. This bend can, as explained in more detail below, be visible from a top view (horizontal angle of attack) and / or from a side view (vertical angle of attack).

[0036] An advantageous solution arises, for example, when the horizontal angle of attack and / or the vertical angle of attack between the first conveying direction and the second conveying direction comprises a predetermined angle of 0 to 120 degrees.

[0037] In particular, for an asymmetrical structure within the meaning of the present application, the cascaded vibrating troughs can be arranged relative to one another such that, viewed from above, the second conveying direction from the second vibrating trough is at a defined horizontal angle of incidence in an angular range from 0 to 120 degrees, in particular in an angular range from 10 to 115 degrees, for example at a virtually right angle of 70 to 110 degrees to the first conveying direction. This results in an at least partially asymmetrical structure of the trough-shaped receiving space formed by the cascaded vibrating troughs. The trough-shaped receiving space formed by the cascaded vibrating troughs thus in turn has an at least partially asymmetrical structure, which brings about or supports the desired alignment of the paving stones and curbstones to be crushed.

[0038] Accordingly, the vibration conveyor device according to the claim can have at least two virtual symmetry planes, of which one virtual symmetry plane can be assigned to a vibration trough.

[0039] Consequently, a top view reveals a kink in the transition area of ​​the vibrating chutes. This kink has a comparable effect to an asymmetrical cross-section of the receiving chamber or the provision of individual elements, projections, structures, or the like located on one side (relative to the virtual plane of symmetry) in a specific area of ​​the receiving chamber, since the different conveying directions in the transition area lead to an asymmetrical introduction of acceleration forces onto the starting material to be crushed. In this way, at least in some sections, greater acceleration forces are introduced into the paving stones and / or curbs to be crushed on one side of the corresponding plane of symmetry than on the other side.

[0040] A top view refers to a view in which vertical parts of the conveying directions are ignored and the conveying directions are projected into a horizontal plane.

[0041] Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible for the conveying directions, viewed from the side, to differ in the vertical direction due to different inclinations (gradients in the conveying direction of the associated vibrating trough) of the first and second (subsequent) vibrating troughs, and thus to enclose a vertical angle of attack between them. The vertical angle of attack thus refers to the difference in the inclinations, which can, in particular, also influence the micro-throw introduced by the vibrating troughs in the desired manner. Accordingly, the vertical angle of attack can be in an angular range of 0 to 60 degrees, preferably in an angular range of 0 to 30 degrees, for example, approximately 10 degrees.

[0042] A lateral view refers to a view in which horizontal parts of the conveying directions are ignored and the conveying directions are projected into a vertical plane.

[0043] Alternatively or additionally, it is possible for the vibration conveyor device to have several successively arranged vibration chutes which convey the starting material to be crushed in the respective conveying direction with different conveying vibration directions.

[0044] For example, a first vibrating trough can introduce a substantially vertical conveying vibration direction (by means of vibrations with a substantially vertical vibration component) into the starting material, and the micro-throw is essentially caused by the introduced vertical vibration and an angle of inclination of the first vibrating trough (gradient in the conveying direction of the first vibrating trough towards the second vibrating trough). The second or subsequent vibrating trough can, for example, introduce a vibration with an additional horizontal vibration component, i.e., for example, with an acceleration in the direction of conveying, into the starting material. In this case, the conveying vibration direction of the second vibrating trough is then substantially different from the conveying vibration direction of the first vibrating trough.

[0045] In practice, it has been shown that, particularly when the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed are poured in as pallet goods, a first vibrating trough initially primarily supports the separation of the starting material to be crushed, and the second vibrating trough, in particular with the aid of a kink in the common receiving space (a horizontal angle of attack in the transition area from the first to the second vibrating trough), supports the desired alignment of the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed.

[0046] Of course, more than just two vibrating chutes connected in series can be provided, for example three, four or five vibrating chutes, if this is necessary and / or sensible.

[0047] According to a further development of the invention, it can additionally or alternatively be provided that the bottom wall of the channel-shaped receiving space, in particular of the at least one vibrating channel, has a width that at least approximately corresponds to one of the shorter edge lengths of the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed. This, in turn, helps prevent stones that are already aligned in the desired manner from becoming distorted after alignment.

[0048] According to a further development of the invention, it can be provided that the channel-shaped receiving space for the paving stones and / or curbstones to be broken is delimited by lateral guide walls extending along the conveying direction, which at least in sections introduce acceleration forces of varying magnitudes into the paving stones and / or curbstones to be broken, such that the vibrating conveyor device is able to align the paving stones and / or curbstones to be broken with their longest extent substantially parallel to the conveying direction. In this embodiment, the asymmetrical structure of the receiving space described above can be provided. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to introduce the acceleration forces of varying magnitudes into the paving stones and / or curbstones to be broken by other measures.

[0049] For example, according to a further development of the invention, the lateral guide walls can have different friction coefficients on their respective surfaces facing the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken. This can be achieved, for example, by providing them with different material coatings or by manufacturing them from different materials. It is of course possible to provide only individual sections of the guide walls with a braking or accelerating coating, such as a rubber coating (braking), in order to introduce a negative (braking) or positive acceleration into the sections of the stones to be broken that will rest on them, thereby achieving an aligning rotational movement in them.

[0050] Alternatively or additionally, according to a further development of the invention, it is conceivable for at least one of the lateral guide walls to have an alignment structure, at least in sections, on its surface facing the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken. Such an alignment structure can achieve increased friction, i.e., negative acceleration, of the contacting sections of the stones to be broken, which in turn results in the alignment effect described above.

[0051] According to a further development of the invention, it can be provided that the alignment structure comprises at least one alignment member, in particular a ramp, a projection, a pin or the like, which projects from the respective guide surface into the receiving space. Such an alignment member serves in particular to set the rubble stones in a rotary movement and thus in turn align them accordingly. In particular, the alignment structure can also have several alignment members. Furthermore, it can also be provided that not just one, but both lateral guide walls have a corresponding alignment structure, in particular at least one alignment member each, wherein in this case the alignment members are arranged offset from one another along the conveying direction so that the rubble stones cannot jam on them, but instead support a secure rotation of the stones in the desired manner.

[0052] Alternatively or additionally, the vibratory conveyor device can have at least two hopper plates that define a hopper space between them and together form a hopper that merges into the receiving space. Preferably, at least one hopper plate is designed to be lowerable to provide a filling area as needed, allowing the hopper space to be filled by a shovel loader. The at least one lowerable hopper plate can be connected, for example, via a hinge connection to a guide wall of the vibratory conveyor device and can be pivoted manually or by means of a drive unit between the lowered position and the hopper position.In principle, it is of course also possible to provide a translational movement, for example by a relative displacement of the funnel plate, for example relative to a guide wall, instead of a pivoting movement for lowering the at least one funnel plate.

[0053] Of course, the at least two hopper plates can also both be designed as lowerable hopper plates. In this way, the vibratory conveyor device can be configured both for the (for example, rearward) pickup of palletized goods and for the lateral pickup of bulk material using an excavator bucket. A hydraulic cylinder with a piston rod, for example, can be provided as the drive unit or actuator. This piston rod retracts into the cylinder to perform the lowering movement.

[0054] In order to secure the position of the at least one lowerable funnel plate, one or more securing elements can also be provided, wherein hooks, bolts or the like are conceivable as securing elements.

[0055] Alternatively or additionally, at least one first conveyor device, in particular a driven belt conveyor, can be provided between the vibratory conveyor device and the first crusher. Such a belt conveyor can also comprise a sieve-like belt as a conveyor belt, such that particles smaller than a predetermined grain size are sieved out of the starting material to be crushed. In this way, it can be prevented that excessively finely crushed material enters the crusher if this is not desired. Alternatively, any other type of conveyor system with appropriate screening equipment is conceivable as the first conveyor device, such as a conveyor belt, a conveyor chain, a vibratory conveyor, a scraper floor conveyor, etc., provided they are suitable for conveying the stones to be crushed.

[0056] Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one metal detector is provided between the vibration conveyor device and the first crusher in order to detect any metal parts and, in the event of a metal part being detected, to issue a warning signal and / or to send a control signal to the first crusher and / or to another device component.

[0057] In this way, the first crusher can be used with a comparatively low crushing power without having to accept the risk that small metal parts, such as screws, nuts or the like, could damage the crusher or at least cause the crushing elements to jam.

[0058] If a metal part is detected, the metal detector can activate a downstream magnet that attracts any metal particles. Alternatively or additionally, the metal detector can shut down the crusher and / or a belt conveyor that is passing the feedstock to be tested through the metal detector. Of course, a warning signal can also be issued to inform the operator that a metal part has been detected, allowing them to further examine the feedstock to be crushed.

[0059] Regardless of the specific design of the vibratory conveyor device and the possible provision of a metal detector, the feed opening of the first crusher can additionally have an input width of less than 750 mm, for example, as already mentioned above, an input width of, for example, 450 mm, 400 mm or possibly even only 350 mm. The width indicates the horizontal extent of the feed opening. It can further be provided that the device has at least one second crusher arranged downstream of the first crusher in the conveying direction, wherein at least one second conveying device, in particular a driven belt conveyor, is preferably provided between the first crusher and the second crusher. The same applies to the second conveying device as stated above with regard to a first conveying device assigned to the first crusher.

[0060] The second crusher can be switched on and off on a case-by-case basis, particularly via a bypass.

[0061] Alternatively and additionally, it can be provided that the device is accommodated in a container, optionally in such a way that the device can be transported from one location to another as needed, wherein the container can preferably be opened on at least one side in order to fill the receiving space of the vibration conveyor device from the outside and / or to be able to remove the broken material.

[0062] A key advantage of such a compact device housed in a container is that, within a virtually enclosed container (e.g., with only one open side), dust generation during crushing, as well as noise emissions, are reduced. In particular, the device can be provided with an extraction system inside the container that can extract the concrete dust generated during the crushing of paving stones and / or curbs and / or includes noise dampening. For example, the interior walls can be lined with a noise-damping material, or noise-damping elements can be provided inside the container.

[0063] Alternatively or additionally, the first crusher can comprise a crusher, in particular a jaw crusher, suitable for crushing the supplied paving stones and / or curbstones into a crushed material with a grain size corresponding to a maximum screening pass of 30 mm, preferably a maximum of 12 mm. When using an alternative crusher as the first crusher and in particular in combination with at least one downstream second crusher, the supplied paving stones and / or curbstones and, accordingly, also the larger-sized block steps can be crushed into a crushed material with a grain size corresponding to a maximum screening pass of 35 to 50 mm.

[0064] Furthermore, it can be provided that the second crusher comprises a crusher, in particular a roller crusher, which is suitable for crushing the broken material fed in from the first crusher to a screen passage of a maximum of 12 mm, preferably a maximum of 7 mm, particularly preferably a maximum of 6 mm. In particular with regard to reusing the broken material in concrete production, these grain sizes with a screen passage of a maximum of 12 mm, preferably a maximum of 7 mm, particularly preferably a maximum of 6 mm have proven suitable. When using an alternative crusher as the second crusher and in particular in combination with the first crusher, the fed-in paving stones and / or curbstones and accordingly also the larger-sized block steps can be crushed to a broken material with a grain size corresponding to a screen passage of 2 mm to 5 mm.By providing multiple crushers connected in series, the individual crushing capacity of the first and second crushers can be further reduced. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the grain sizes can be further reduced, while simultaneously crushing larger stones, such as blocks measuring approximately 150 mm x 400 mm x 1200 mm, as the starting size.

[0065] By providing multiple crushers, for example, a first crusher can be provided with a larger inlet width than mentioned above, i.e., with an inlet width of more than 750 mm. A correspondingly larger feed opening with an inlet width of, for example, 800 mm, but also of, for example, 500 mm or 600 mm, can also be particularly suitable for accommodating larger-sized side steps (block steps) in at least one orientation, namely with their longest extension aligned substantially parallel to the conveying direction.

[0066] The invention also relates to a method for crushing paving stones and / or curbstones made of set concrete elements by means of a device having the features as described above, comprising the steps of: feeding the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed as bulk material, in particular via at least one hopper; conveying, separating and aligning the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed, which are fed in as bulk material, in a conveying direction via a vibrating conveyor device; and crushing the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed via at least one first crusher with driven crusher elements, wherein the crusher has a feed opening via which the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed are fed individually to the driven crusher elements.

[0067] Additionally, terms such as "comprising," "having," or "having" do not exclude other features or steps. Furthermore, terms such as "a" or "the," which refer to a singular number of steps or features, do not exclude a plurality of features or steps, and vice versa.

[0068] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment of the invention and from the subclaims.

[0069] The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. The figures show several features of the invention in combination with one another. However, a person skilled in the art will naturally be able to consider these features separately and, if necessary, combine them into further useful sub-combinations without requiring inventive activity.

[0070] They show schematically:

[0071] Figure 1 is an isometric view of the overall arrangement according to the present invention; Figure 1a is an alternative embodiment of the vibratory conveyor according to frame A of Figure 1;

[0072] Figure 2 is an isometric view of the vibratory conveyor of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 3 is an isometric view of the vibratory conveyor device according to Figure 2, rotated by 180°;

[0074] Figure 4 is a front view of the vibratory conveyor device of Figures 2 and 3;

[0075] Figure 5 is a front view of the vibratory conveyor of Figures 2 and 3 with an additional ramp; and

[0076] Figure 6 is an isometric view of the vibratory conveyor according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] Figure 1 shows an isometric view of the inventive device for crushing stones as an overall arrangement, which is generally designated by the reference numeral 10. In Figure 1, a vibratory conveyor device 100 with a single vibrating chute is shown in a framed area A. Figure 1a additionally shows an alternative vibratory conveyor device 100 with at least two vibrating chutes V1 and V2, which is integrated into the inventive overall arrangement of the device 10 instead of the vibratory conveyor device 100 of Figure 1 (indicated by the framed area A).

[0078] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the overall arrangement comprises a vibratory conveyor 100, a first crusher 200 and a driven belt conveyor 300 arranged therebetween. In the illustration in Figure 1, it can also be seen that the belt conveyor 300 passes through a magnetic detector 400, with the aid of which any metal parts present in the starting material to be crushed can be detected.

[0079] The first crusher 200 crushes the starting material to be crushed to a predetermined maximum grain size and discharges it through an outlet opening in a known manner. In the illustrated embodiment, the first crusher 200 is followed by a second crusher 600, which is supplied with the already pre-crushed crushed material via a second belt conveyor 500. The second crusher 600 serves to further crush the pre-crushed crushed material to an even smaller grain size, so that the final crushed material has a maximum grain size that can pass through a screen of, for example, 12 mm, 7 mm, or a maximum of 6 mm. The crushed material is then conveyed outwards by means of a third belt conveyor 700, for example into a provided container (not shown). A special feature of the present invention can be seen in the fact that the entire arrangement can be accommodated in a single container 1000.In the illustrated embodiment, the container walls are transparent so that the individual components are visible.

[0080] In the embodiment shown, the container is open at its front and rear to feed in the bulk material to be crushed and to remove the crushed material. The container 1000 can be closed off on the other sides, as shown. In this way, it is already possible to reduce the dust generated in the area surrounding the device 10. Furthermore, an extraction device can be provided inside the container 1000, which is shown in a highly simplified manner by a box 800 in the illustration in Figure 1. Such an extraction device can of course also comprise extraction elements arranged in the immediate vicinity of the area of ​​greatest dust development within the container. However, such elements have been omitted from the schematic illustration in Figure 1 to simplify the illustration.

[0081] A further advantage of the present invention, particularly the embodiment in which the entire device can be accommodated in a container 1000, is that the noise generated by the device can also be reduced by appropriate noise dampening inside the container. This can be achieved, for example, by coating the inner surfaces of the container walls, at least in sections, with a dampening coating, for example, with foam rubber or the like.

[0082] Another essential aspect of the invention of the present device lies in the specific design of the vibratory conveyor device, which is shown as an example in Figures 2 to 5. It should be noted that the vibratory conveyor device in Figure 1 is only shown in a highly schematic manner, so that essential features of the invention may not be visible. Possible designs can therefore be found in particular in Figures 2 to 4 and in Figure 5.

[0083] An alternative design variant of the vibration conveyor device 100 according to Figures 1a and 6 can be integrated into the overall arrangement of the invention according to Figure 1 instead of the vibration conveyor device of Figure 1 (see detail A) (indicated by the adjoining belt conveyor 300 in Figures 1a and 6). The cascaded structure of the vibration conveyor device 100 with at least two vibration chutes V1 and V2, as shown in Figure 6, significantly improves the effectiveness of the vibration conveyor device 100 according to the invention.

[0084] The central inventive concept regarding the vibratory conveyor device 100 is that it comprises a trough-shaped receiving space 130 on a vibrating trough, which is mounted on a support frame 120 and is set into a vibrating motion in a known manner via a vibration unit 110. As a result, the paving stones and / or curbstones (not shown) to be crushed, which are located in the trough-shaped receiving space 130, are conveyed toward the first crusher 200 using the micro-throwing principle. For this purpose, the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed are introduced into the receiving space 130 as bulk material as starting material for crushing and are separated by means of the vibratory conveyor device 200.

[0085] In an analogous manner, the vibrating troughs V1 and V2 of the vibrating conveyor device 100 according to the invention of Figures 1a and 6 together form a trough-shaped receiving space 130, which, depending on the arrangement of the vibrating troughs V1 and V2, can have a kink in the transition region of the vibrating troughs V1 and V2.

[0086] However, in order to be able to crush not only stones whose dimensions are similar in almost all three spatial axes with the first crusher 200, but also stones such as curbstones that have a significantly greater extension in a longitudinal direction (e.g., 300 mm x 300 mm x 1,200 mm), a further object of the vibratory conveyor device according to the present invention is to align the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed, even with their longest extension, essentially parallel to the conveying direction. This ensures that the stones to be crushed can be fed with their smallest cross-section through the feed opening 210 of the first crusher to the crushing elements (not shown) accommodated therein.

[0087] This makes it possible to use a first crusher 200 with a significantly lower crushing capacity than was previously the case with the state of the art.

[0088] The alignment is achieved by various conceivable measures that can cause the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken, which are not aligned accordingly, to rotate in order to provide the appropriate alignment.

[0089] Figures 2 to 4 show a conceivable embodiment of the present invention. The invention is not limited to this one embodiment, but encompasses alternative or additional approaches. Figures 5 and 6 show further conceivable embodiments in combination with the measure of Figure 4, although these can also be implemented independently.

[0090] In the illustrated embodiment of Figures 2 to 4, the vibration conveyor device 100 comprises, in addition to a vibration drive 110, a trough-shaped receiving space 130, which, as explained in more detail below, can be formed by several components and is mounted on a frame 120. The receiving space 130 extends longitudinally in the conveying direction F and, in the illustrated embodiment, is delimited by a first guide wall 132, a second guide wall 134, and a bottom wall 136. Furthermore, an end wall 138 is provided, which delimits the receiving space at a distal end (relative to the first crusher 200).

[0091] The vibration conveyor device 100 according to the illustrated embodiment thus comprises a vibrating trough, wherein in the illustrated embodiment the at least one guide wall 134 and the end wall 138 are defined with the aid of additional metal sheets (hereinafter also referred to as hopper sheets). The guide wall 132 is formed by a side wall of the vibrating trough 140. The guide wall 132 encloses a first angle of incidence cn with the bottom wall 136. The second guide wall 134 formed by the hopper sheets 134a is further arranged on the second side wall of the vibrating trough 140 such that it encloses a second angle of incidence α2 with the bottom wall 136, which, in the illustrated embodiment, is smaller than the first angle of incidence ai. In this way, the arrangement of the hopper sheets 134a forms a receiving space 130 that is asymmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry S (cf. Figure 4).The plane of symmetry S denotes a virtual plane which is spanned by the conveying direction F and the weight force G and, in the embodiment shown, coincides with a central longitudinal axis of the vibration conveyor device 100.

[0092] It can be seen in Figure 4, for example, that the vibrating trough 140 has a substantially symmetrical structure with respect to the plane of symmetry S, which is changed by the additional funnel plates 134a to an asymmetrical structure of the receiving space of the vibrating conveyor device 100.

[0093] As a result of this asymmetrical design, the guide walls 132, 134 impose different acceleration forces or frictional forces on the stones to be crushed, which are poured as bulk material into the receiving space 130 of the vibratory conveyor 100. Thus, with each micro-throw (due to the vibrations of the vibration drive 110), a stone to be crushed, which comes to rest with one end section on the first guide wall and with a second end section on the second guide wall 134, is accelerated to different degrees at both its ends, so that one end is conveyed faster in the conveying direction than the other. This achieves the desired alignment of the stones to be crushed, with their longitudinal extension in the conveying direction.Furthermore, stones which already come to lie in the desired orientation in the channel-shaped receiving space 130 can be conveyed towards the first crusher 200 without additional further rotation in the conveying direction, in particular if the bottom wall 136 has a width B which essentially corresponds to the width of the stones to be crushed in one of the two shorter edge lengths (not the longitudinal extent).

[0094] If complete alignment across the length of the vibratory conveyor 100 has not yet been achieved, at least one end section (relative to the longitudinal axis and longitudinal extension of the stones to be crushed) will be the first to protrude forward beyond the vibratory conveyor 100 toward the belt conveyor 300 and will be the first to come into contact with it. The driven belt conveyor 300 accelerates this end section as it comes into contact, thus supporting the final alignment of the longitudinal extension in the conveying direction F.

[0095] Alternatively or in addition to the design variant shown with an asymmetric structure (in a cross-sectional view, for example as shown in Figure 4, wherein the cross-sectional view is oriented transversely to the conveying direction), further measures can be provided on the guide walls which can introduce acceleration forces of different magnitudes into the stones to be broken. One variant can, for example, consist of different coatings on the guide walls, whereby such coatings can also be provided only in sections on the guide walls. A further alternative solution can introduce acceleration forces of different magnitudes into the stones to be broken by providing an alignment structure. For example, an alignment structure with one or more alignment members orObstacles should be provided that slow down the stones that are to be broken and thereby initiate a rotational movement into them.

[0096] In combination with an asymmetrical design, this is shown by way of example in Figure 5, where the guide wall 132 has an additional ramp 132a, which, as a partial obstacle, can introduce a negative acceleration into the stones to be crushed. This measure, shown by way of example as ramp 132a, can of course also be provided on the other of the two guide walls or in a vibrating chute with a symmetrical structure.

[0097] It can also be provided that corresponding alignment structures are provided on both guide walls, wherein these can then be arranged offset from one another in the guide direction in such a way that the stones to be broken cannot get jammed between the alignment structures and, on the other hand, corresponding rotational impulses can be introduced not simultaneously but one after the other.

[0098] Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the bottom wall is provided with a special coating which particularly supports low-friction conveyance of the stones to be broken, whereby stones to be broken which are already aligned as desired can be conveyed forward more quickly.

[0099] As the name suggests, the hopper plates 134a serve not only to form a steeper guide wall 134 compared to the flatter guide wall 132 (in the illustrated embodiment), but also to form a hopper, together with the hopper plate 138a forming the end wall. The material to be crushed can be tipped over the flatter guide wall 132, for example, using a forklift or dump truck. The first guide wall 132 thus forms the filling side or filling area.

[0100] Furthermore, at least one of the hopper plates 134a, 138a can be designed to be lowerable and / or pivotable if loading from the rear and / or from the other side is desired in certain cases. Particularly if the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed are to be tipped in as palletized goods, it is advantageous if at least one or both hopper plates 134a, 138a are designed to be lowerable and / or pivotable to allow better accessibility to the receiving space. Figure 6 shows a further alternative vibratory conveyor device 100, which comprises several consecutively arranged vibratory chutes V1 and V2. The vibratory chutes V1 and V2 are arranged in a cascade, thus increasing the effectiveness of the vibratory conveyor device 100.

[0101] The first vibrating trough V1 essentially corresponds in its structure to the vibrating trough according to Figures 2 to 4 or Figure 5, which is why reference is made to the more detailed description of the individual components of the vibrating trough according to Figures 2 to 4 or Figure 5.

[0102] Furthermore, the vibrating trough V1 for aligning the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken can have any type of asymmetrical structure in accordance with the above explanations for Figures 2 to 5. Similarly, alternatively or additionally, the vibrating trough V2 for aligning the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken can have any type of asymmetrical structure in accordance with the above explanations for Figures 2 to 5.

[0103] However, these measures described above for aligning the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken according to the embodiments of Figures 2 to 5 can also be dispensed with. In such a case, the alignment of the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken is achieved by the specific arrangement of the first vibrating trough V relative to a second downstream vibrating trough V2, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0104] It can be seen in Figure 6 that the second vibrating trough V2 can at least dispense with the additional hopper plates 134a, 138a, since the feeding takes place via the first vibrating trough V1 which opens into the second vibrating trough V2.

[0105] As explained above, a special feature of the vibration conveyor device 100 of Figure 6 can be seen in the cascading of several vibration troughs, in the illustration shown of the vibration troughs V1 and V2.

[0106] As already indicated, in addition to the cascading of the vibrating troughs V1 and V2 of the vibrating conveyor device 100, a further special feature of this embodiment can be seen in the specific arrangement of the vibrating troughs V1 and V2 relative to one another. In a plan view of the device 10, i.e., viewed from above, the vibrating troughs V1 and V2 are arranged at a virtually right angle to one another, such that the first conveying direction F1 of the first vibrating trough V1 forms a horizontal angle of approximately 90 degrees with the second conveying direction F2 of the second vibrating trough V2. Of course, a different value for the horizontal angle of attack can also be selected within a conceivable range of values ​​from 0 to 120 degrees.

[0107] This specific arrangement with a horizontal angle of attack has a comparable effect to an asymmetric cross-section of the receiving space of the vibratory conveyor device or the provision of individual elements, projections, structures, or the like that are located in a specific area of ​​the receiving space on one side (relative to the virtual plane of symmetry). Thus, the different conveying directions F1 and F2 in the transition area from the vibrating trough V1 to the second vibrating trough V2 lead to an asymmetric introduction of acceleration forces onto the starting material to be crushed. In this way, at least in sections, greater acceleration forces are introduced into the paving stones and / or curbs to be crushed on one side of the assigned plane of symmetry than on the other side.

[0108] Furthermore, it has been shown in practice that paving stones and / or curbstones, particularly those supplied as pallet goods, are initially predominantly separated in the first vibrating trough V1 before the separated paving stones and / or curbstones are aligned. Thus, the bend formed by the angle of attack of the vibrating troughs V1 and V2 in the receiving space of the vibrating conveyor device defined by the cascaded vibrating troughs V1 and V2 is advantageous because the acceleration forces (due to the perpendicular conveying direction F2 of the second vibrating trough V2 in the example shown) on sections of the starting material to be crushed that extend into these sections accelerate them asymmetrically and accordingly carry them along in the conveying direction F2.

[0109] In practice, it has also proven advantageous that successively arranged vibrating chutes V1 and V2 with different conveying vibration directions convey the starting material to be crushed in the respective conveying directions F1 and F2.

[0110] For example, the first vibrating trough V1 can introduce a substantially vertical conveying vibration direction (up and down) into the feed material, and the microthrow is essentially caused by the introduced vertical vibration and an inclination angle of the first vibrating trough (a gradient in the conveying direction of the first vibrating trough toward the second vibrating trough). The second or subsequent vibrating trough V2 can, for example, introduce a vibration with an additional horizontal vibration component into the feed material, i.e., for example, with an acceleration in the conveying direction F2. In this case, the conveying vibration direction of the second vibrating trough V2 is then substantially horizontal.

[0111] Of course, more than just two vibrating chutes connected in series can be provided, for example three, four or five vibrating chutes, if this is necessary and / or sensible.

[0112] Overall, the arrangement shown enables continuous crushing of accumulating rubble, eliminating the need for extended intermediate storage of the stones to be crushed, as well as extended storage of the crushed material after crushing, thus avoiding the resulting disadvantages described above. At the same time, the design of the vibratory conveyor system allows the plant to be used at a comparatively low power level, since the stones to be crushed can be fed to the first crusher with their smallest edge dimensions in cross-section. Accordingly, the first crusher can be used with a comparatively small feed opening and consequently a lower crushing capacity than is known from the prior art.The system can be further optimized with additional features such as an optional belt conveyor, a metal detector, and the arrangement of two crushers. The provision of the entire system in a single container also allows for a low-dust and low-noise crushing process, which is particularly advantageous when used near residential areas.

Claims

Patent claims Device (10) for crushing paving stones and / or curbstones, in particular made of concrete or concrete-like material, comprising: at least one first crusher (200) with driven crushing elements for crushing the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed, wherein the crusher has a feed opening through which the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed are to be fed individually to the driven crushing elements; at least one vibration conveyor device associated with the first crusher (200) for conveying and separating the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed, which are fed in as bulk material, in a conveying direction; wherein the vibration conveyor device (100) defines a trough-shaped receiving space (130) for the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed,which, relative to a plane of symmetry (S) spanned by the conveying direction (F) and the direction of the acting weight force (G), introduces acceleration forces of varying magnitudes, at least in sections, into the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken, such that the vibratory conveyor device (100) is capable of aligning the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken with their longest extent substantially parallel to the conveying direction (F). Device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the channel-shaped receiving space (130) for the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken has an asymmetrical structure, at least in sections, relative to the plane of symmetry (S). Device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vibratory conveyor device (100) comprises at least one vibrating trough with at least two lateral guide walls (132, 134) extending along the conveying direction and a bottom wall (136).wherein the first of the guide walls (132) encloses a first angle of attack (ai) with the bottom wall (136), wherein the second of the guide walls (134) encloses a second angle of attack (012) with the bottom wall, (136), and wherein the first angle of attack (ai) and the second angle of attack (θ12) are different. Device (10) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the vibration conveyor device (100) comprises at least two vibration troughs which are arranged one after the other with respect to the conveying direction of the device (10).

5. Device (10) according to claim 4, wherein a first vibrating trough (V1) of the at least two vibrating troughs is arranged relative to a second vibrating trough (V2) of the at least two vibrating troughs such that the first conveying direction (F1) of the first vibrating trough (V1) with the second conveying device (F2) of the second vibrating trough (V2) includes a horizontal angle of attack (y) and / or a vertical angle of attack.

6. Device (10) according to claim 5, wherein the horizontal angle of attack (y) and / or the vertical angle of attack between the first conveying direction (F1) of the first vibrating trough (V1) and the second conveying device (F2) of the second vibrating trough (V2) comprises a predetermined angle in an angular range of 0 to 120 angular degrees.

7. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the vibration conveyor device (100) has a plurality of successively arranged vibration troughs (V1, V2) which convey the starting material to be crushed in the respective conveying direction (F1, F2) with different conveying vibration directions.

8. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bottom wall (136) of the channel-shaped receiving space (130), in particular of the at least one vibrating channel, has a width (B) which corresponds at least approximately to one of the shorter edge lengths of the paving stones and / or curbstones to be broken.

9. Device (10) according to one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the channel-shaped receiving space (130) for the paving stones and / or curbstones to be broken is delimited by lateral guide walls (132, 134) extending along the conveying direction (F), which at least in sections introduce the acceleration forces of different magnitudes into the paving stones and / or curbstones to be broken, such that the vibration conveyor device (100) is able to align the paving stones and / or curbstones to be broken with their longest extent substantially parallel to the conveying direction (F).

10. Device (10) according to one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the lateral guide walls (132, 134) have different friction coefficients at least in sections on their surface facing the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken.

11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one first conveyor device, in particular a driven belt conveyor (300), is provided between the vibration conveyor device (100) and the first crusher (200).

12. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one metal detector (400) is provided between the vibratory conveyor device (100) and the first crusher (200) in order to detect any metal parts and, in the event of a metal part being detected, to issue a warning signal and / or to send a control signal to the first crusher (200) and / or to another device component.

13. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device (10) has at least one second crusher (600) arranged downstream of the first crusher (200) in the conveying direction (F), and wherein at least one second conveying device, in particular a driven belt conveyor (500), is preferably provided between the first crusher (200) and the second crusher (600).

14. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device (10) is accommodated in a container (1000), wherein the container (1000) can preferably be opened on at least one side in order to fill the receiving space (130) of the vibration conveyor device (100) from the outside and / or in order to be able to remove the broken material, and wherein preferably the device (10) inside the container (1000) comprises a suction device (800) which is able to suck away concrete dust arising when breaking the paving stones and / or curbstones, and / or a noise dampening device.

15. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first crusher (200) comprises a crusher, in particular a jaw crusher, which is suitable for crushing the supplied paving stones and / or curbstones into a crushed material with a grain size of maximum 30 mm, preferably maximum 12 mm, and / or wherein the second crusher (600) comprises a crusher, in particular a roller crusher, which is suitable for crushing the crushed material supplied by the first crusher to a maximum screening size of 12 mm, preferably a maximum of 7 mm, particularly preferably a maximum of 6 mm. A method for crushing paving stones and / or curbstones made of set concrete elements using a device having the features of claims 1 to 15, comprising the steps of: feeding the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed as bulk material; Conveying, separating, and aligning the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed, which are supplied as bulk material, in a conveying direction (F) by means of a vibrating conveyor device (100); and crushing the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed by means of at least one first crusher (200) with driven crusher elements, wherein the crusher (200) has a feed opening (210) through which the paving stones and / or curbstones to be crushed are fed individually to the driven crusher elements;wherein the vibration conveyor device (100) defines a trough-shaped receiving space (130) for the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken, which, with respect to a plane of symmetry (S) spanned by the conveying direction (F) and the direction of the acting weight force (G), introduces acceleration forces of different magnitudes into the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken, at least in sections, such that the vibration conveyor device (100) is able to align the paving stones and / or curbs to be broken with their longest extent substantially parallel to the conveying direction (F);

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