Hydraulic compression stopper piston assembly with safety valve and varying sized hole structure and improved damping properties

Abstract

The invention relates to at least one piston assembly (10). The novelty of the invention is in that it comprises at least one damping element (21) positioned on the side of the piston rod (20) facing the inner chamber (12) and movable with the piston rod (20) to dampen sudden force loads, at least one sleeve (30) with an inner cavity (31) into which the damping element (21) can be at least partially penetrated by moving it, at least one washer (22) for limiting the fluid passage due to the movement of the damping element (21) in the inner cavity (31) of the said sleeve (30), at least one groove (23) on the washer (22) to allow fluid passage, at least one charging zone (24) that allows fluid passage by being associated with said groove (23) and at least one hole group (25) on the lateral surface of the damping element (21) facing the sleeve (30) to allow fluid passage from said charging zone (24) to the inner chamber (12) and a plurality of holes (251) on said hole group (25) sized to increase the fluid passage from the piston rod (20) to the sleeve (30).

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] HYDRAULIC COMPRESSION STOPPER PISTON ASSEMBLY WITH SAFETY VALVE AND VARYING SIZED HOLE STRUCTURE AND IMPROVED DAMPING PROPERTIES

[0003] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0004] The invention relates to a piston assembly for use in damping purposes in various fields, the amount of damping being adjustable and capable of securing itself in the event of sudden loading.

[0005] BACKGROUND

[0006] Pistons, also known as shock absorbers, are elements used to reduce the severity and effect of shocks and vibrations that occur during operation in vehicles. The pistons show a resistance that is inverse to the direction of movement and is proportional to the speed. Thus, they absorb the energy that causes jolt and vibration by converting it into heat. Piston can be used in all kinds of impact machines (textile machines, presses, construction machines, lifting machines, etc.), especially vehicles.

[0007] Today, motor vehicles contain elements designed in different ways to meet the expectations of users such as comfort, driving comfort and safety. Pistons play an important role in these elements. They are effective in the hardness levels of the pistons, the handling of the vehicles, the driving comfort, and the transmission of the defects on the road to the vehicle. The hardness of the pistons increases the vehicle's handling and steering control, while reducing ride comfort. Conversely, the pistons being too soft causes the driver to feel the vibrations on rough roads and reduce their comfort.

[0008] Application KR20210120205 in the literature relates to a shock absorber. The shock absorber comprises a hydraulic compression stopper device, an operating rod extending from the end of a piston rod to the hydraulic compression stopper device, and a stopper housing fixed to the inner wall of a cylinder in a compression chamber. It is configured to be movable up and down while occupying an operating room and the upper part of the working room connected to the compression chamber within it and is supported elastically by an elastic element in the working room. Application CN103953676A in the literature, relates to a hydraulic damper. Shell structures are known in the pistons that provide secondary damping in the pistons known in the present art. It is also known that there is a valve group at the end of the piston rod at the part entering these sleeve structures in the present art. In the present art, these valve groups allow the discharge of the fluid compressed in the sleeve. However, these valves known in the present art can be deformed in case of sudden force loads. The washers on the valve group can undergo plastic deformation and prevent the desired compression in the sleeve. In this case, the expected performance from the piston cannot be obtained and replacement with a new one is required.

[0009] Sleeve structures that provide secondary damping in pistons in the state of the art have open lower and side walls of the sleeve. For this reason, there is no possibility to make a setting for secondary damping. In the structures of the present art, the channels on the sleeve are irrevocably part of its design to the extent that they dampen.

[0010] All the problems mentioned above have made it necessary to make an innovation in the relevant technical field as a result.

[0011] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] The present invention relates to a hydraulic stopper piston assembly for eliminating the abovementioned disadvantages and bringing new advantages to the relevant technical field.

[0013] An object of the invention is to provide a piston assembly with an improved damping property, simplified structure, and long life.

[0014] Another object of the invention is to provide a piston assembly that allows secondary damping and can secure itself in case of sudden loading.

[0015] Another object of the invention is to provide a piston assembly that eliminates the need for extra valves when performing secondary damping.

[0016] The present invention is at least one piston assembly comprising at least one inner tube and at least one outer tube positioned on the piston rod in order to realize all the objects that will emerge from the abovementioned and the following detailed description, at least one outer chamber defined between the inner tube and the outer tube for placing hydraulic fluid in it, and at least one inner chamber defined in the inner tube, at least one piston rod that can be moved at least partially within the inner chamber, at least one first valve group positioned on the piston rod to allow limited passage in the event of hydraulic fluid entrapment in the inner chamber, at least one piston assembly positioned between the inner chamber and the outer chamber to allow limited passage in the event of hydraulic fluid entrapment. Accordingly, its novelty comprises at least one damping element positioned on the side of the piston rod facing the inner chamber and movable with the piston rod to dampen the sudden force loads, at least one sleeve with an inner cavity in which said damping element can enter at least partially by moving it, at least one washer to limit the passage of fluid depending on the movement of the damping element in the inner cavity of said sleeve, at least one groove to allow the passage of fluid on said washer, at least one charging zone to allow the passage of fluid by associating with said groove and at least one hole group on the lateral surface of the damping element facing the sleeve to allow the passage of fluid in said charging zone to the inner chamber and a plurality of holes on said hole group sized to increase the passage of fluid from the piston rod to the sleeve. Thus, in the event that the piston assembly is exposed to sudden and unusual force loads, it is ensured that it shows the desired damping performance by compressing thanks to the washer, cap and hole group, and a self-safe structure is obtained in case of an increase in the sudden loading amount.

[0017] A possible embodiment of the invention is characterized in that said washer is multiple in number to increase the damping. Thus, the rigid posture of the washer is supported.

[0018] Another possible embodiment of the invention is characterized in that said holes are configured to cover the damping element as it enters the sleeve. Thus, the damping amount increases as you move from the first position to the second position.

[0019] Another possible embodiment of the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one cap, which is associated with a side to prevent sudden jamming in the charging zone and can be moved at least partially under pressure. Thus, it is ensured that the piston assembly works under safe conditions.

[0020] Another possible embodiment of the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one spring between itself and the piston rod for abutting said cap towards the charging zone. Thus, the cap acts as a fixed wall in unnecessary situations.

[0021] Another possible embodiment of the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one adjuster nut for adjusting said spring tension. Thus, the safety level can be adjusted. Another possible embodiment of the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one recirculation path on the damping element for charging the fluid into the casing and at least one recirculation opening on the damping element. Thus, the transportation of the fluid in the casing is accelerated.

[0022] Another possible embodiment of the invention is characterized in that said recirculation path extends to the washer. Thus, the fluid can be transported into the sleeve.

[0023] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0024] Figure 1a shows a representative cross-sectional view of the piston assembly of the invention at a first position.

[0025] Figure 1 b shows a representative partial cross-sectional view of the piston assembly of the invention at the first position.

[0026] Figure 2a shows a representative cross-sectional view of the piston assembly of the invention at a second position.

[0027] Figure 2b shows a representative partial cross-sectional view of the piston assembly of the invention at the second position.

[0028] Figure 3 shows a representative cross-sectional view of the damping element in the piston assembly of the invention.

[0029] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] In this detailed description, the subject matter of the invention is explained only by means of examples that will not have any limiting effect for a better understanding of the subject matter.

[0031] The invention relates to a piston assembly (10). The piston assembly (10) of the invention is a mechanism that at least partially dampens between the first side (T1) and the second side (T2) between which it is positioned during operation. At least one of the first side (T 1 ) and the second side (T2) to which the piston assembly (10) is connected may be movable. The piston assembly (10) allows the force to be damped between the two sides. The piston assembly (10) is located on vehicles in a possible embodiment of the invention. In vehicles, the first side (T1) is the vehicle body, while the second side (T2) is the wheel of the vehicle. In this way, damping is provided between the vehicle body and the vehicle wheel. However, the piston assembly (10) is not limited to this, it can also be used in different areas such as textile machines, presses, construction machines, lifting machines.

[0032] The piston assembly (10) of the invention has an interlocking inner tube (11 ) and an outer tube (13). The inner part of the inner tube (11 ) is defined as an inner chamber (12) and the part between the inner tube (11) and the outer tube (13) is defined as an outer chamber (14). The inner chamber (12) and the outer chamber (14) are associated with each other and contain hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic fluid allows damping in the piston assembly (10). There is a piston rod (20) extending from one side of the inner tube (11 ) towards the inner chamber (12). The piston rod (20) is at least partially movable through the inner chamber (12). There is a first valve group (V1) provided around the end of the piston rod (20) inside the inner tube

[0033] (11 ). The first valve group (V1 ) is configured to dampen during fluid transport within the inner chamber (12). During the operation of the piston assembly (10), controlled fluid passage is provided between the opposite sides of the inner chamber (12), which is divided by the first valve group (V1). In the event that one of the first side (T1) or the second side (T2) is moved towards the other in the piston assembly (10), the fluid passage within the inner chamber

[0034] (12) is controlled by the first valve group (V1). There is also at least one second valve group (V2) around the opposite end of the inner tube (11) facing the piston rod (20). The second valve group (V2) regulates fluid passage between the inner chamber (12) and the outer chamber (14). Depending on the amount of compression in the piston assembly (10), hydraulic fluid is transported from the inner chamber (12) to the outer chamber (14). This fluid transport is controlled by the second valve group (V2) in the piston assembly (10). In the event of reverse movement, the fluid transfer from the outer chamber (14) to the inner chamber (12) is carried out in a controlled manner by the second valve group (V2).

[0035] A representative view of the piston assembly (10) of the invention at the first position (I) is given in Figures 1a and 1 b. The first position (I) is unloaded on the piston assembly (10). Accordingly, the piston assembly (10) of the invention is configured to perform secondary damping. Secondary damping is performed in case of sudden and unusual force on the piston assembly (10). For this, there is at least one sleeve (30) around the second valve group (V2) in the piston assembly (10). The sleeve (30) is formed to have an inner cavity (31 ). The sleeve (30) is preferably in the form of a cylindrical shaped container with a closed bottom. There is at least one damping element (21) on the piston rod (20) in response to said sleeve (30). Said damping element (21) is positioned on the side of the piston rod (20) facing the sleeve (30). The damping element (21 ) is sized to go in and out of the sleeve (30). There is at least one opening (32) on the side of the sleeve (30) facing the piston rod (20) so that the damping element (21) can enter and exit the sleeve (30). The damping element (21) is dimensioned so that it can pass through the opening (32). In addition, the edges of the opening (32) have at least one sidewall (33) that protrudes out of the center of the opening (32). The sidewall (33) facilitates the linear entry and exit of the damping element into the sleeve (30).

[0036] A representative view of the piston assembly (10) of the invention in the second position (II) is given in Figures 2a and 2b. In said second position (II), the piston assembly (10) is loaded with a sudden and unusual force. Accordingly, the hydraulic fluid is configured to be filled and discharged into the inner cavity (31) in the sleeve (30). For this, the damping element (21) is configured to be at least partially movable in the sleeve (30). The damping element (21 ) controls the passage of hydraulic fluid charging the inner cavity (31 ) in the sleeve (30). In this way, secondary damping can be performed on the piston assembly (10). The damping element (21 ) is essentially manufactured in a cylindrical shape. There is at least one washer (22) on the side of the damping element (21) facing the sleeve (30). The washer (22) essentially surrounds the damping element (21 ). The washer (22) allows the fluid to be at least partially compressed in the sleeve (30) as the damping element (21) passes from the first position (I) to the second position (II). The washer (22) can be mounted on the damping element (21) in a detachable manner. In addition, more than one washer (22) may be mounted on the damping element (21) depending on the compression expectation in the sleeve (30). It is ensured that the desired amount of compression can be adjusted in this way. In addition, the washer (22) is at least partially flexible. In this way, it is ensured that the washer (22) stops rigidly by leaning against the damping element (21) during compression when passing from the first position (I) to the second position (II), and the fluid is rapidly passed into the sleeve (30) by at least partially flexing when passing from the second position (II) to the first position (I). There is at least one groove (23) between the washer (22) and the sleeve (30). The groove (23) is essentially a fluid transition zone provided between the washer (22) and the sleeve (30). The groove (23) continuously allows the fluid to pass through the movements of the washer (22) between the first position (I) and the second position (II). In this way, the damping adjustment of the piston assembly (10) can be made in predetermined ways.

[0037] There is at least one charging zone (24) on the damping element (21 ). The charging zone (24) is the part where the fluid enters the sleeve (30) and is discharged from the sleeve (30). The charging zone (24) is associated with the groove (23) from one side. It is transferred to the fluid charging zone (24) discharged from the sleeve (30) through the groove (23). The charging zone (24) is associated with at least one hole group (25) on the other side. Said hole group (25) is located in the part where the damping element (21) is slid on the sleeve (30). In the hole group (25), there are holes (251) of essentially different sizes. The holes (251 ) allow fluid to pass between the charging zone (24) and the inner chamber (12). The holes (251) are configured to be at least partially covered by the insertion of the damping element (21) into the sleeve (30). In addition, the holes (251) on the hole group (25) are sized to have an expanding flow opening as they go from the piston rod (20) to the sleeve (30). Thus, as the amount of sudden load on the damping element (21 ) increases, the damping amount is increased.

[0038] The damping element (21 ) is also configured to secure itself as the amount of sudden loading increases. For this, the damping element (21) is associated with at least one cap

[0039] (26). The cap (26) is associated with the charging zone (24) and is configured to move at least partially under sudden and severe pressure. The cap (26) is located on the side of the damping element (21) facing the piston rod (20). The cap (26) is located around the piston rod (20) and can be at least partially moved along the piston rod (20). By means of the movement of the cap (26), the fluid compressed by the charging zone can be transferred to the inner chamber. The cap (26) is positioned on the piston rod (20) so that it is constantly pressed against the damping element (21). There is at least one spring (261 ) between the cap (26) and the piston rod (20) for this. Said spring (261 ) is fixedly seated on the piston rod (20) and continuously presses on the cap (26). In this way, it is ensured that the cap (26) closes the charging zone (24) at times other than overloading. There is at least one adjuster nut (262) for adjusting the tension on the side of the spring (261) facing the piston rod (20). The adjuster nut (262) allows the spring (261) to be tightened towards the cap (26) by rotating it around itself and the tension adjustment can be made. By performing this tension setting, the safe operation of the system can be adjusted as desired.

[0040] There is at least one recirculation path (27) on the damping element (21). Said recirculation path (27) allows the fluid to be quickly filled into the sleeve (30) while the piston rod (20) is passed from the second position (II) to the first position (I). For this, the recirculation path

[0041] (27) extends from one side to the washer (22) and from the other side to at least one recirculation opening (271 ). The recirculation opening (271) is essentially an opening provided on the side of the damping element (21) facing the inner chamber (12). If the sleeve (30) is fed back, the fluid in the inner chamber (12) passes through the recirculation opening (271 ) and the recirculation path (27), flexing the washer (22) and charging the sleeve (30), and the piston rod (20) moves away from the sleeve (30). The piston assembly (10) is held in the first position (I) as in Figures 1a and 1b in a possible use of the invention. While in this position, the damping element (21) is positioned outside the sleeve (30). The piston assembly (10) can operate in the first position (I) continuously in cases where high force load is not applied to the piston assembly (10). For this, the fluid is transferred directly to the second valve group (V2) without being compressed in the sleeve (30). In case of sudden load, the piston assembly (10) passes to the second position (II) as in Figures 2a and 2b. In said second position (II), the piston assembly (10) is suddenly and unusually loaded with force. When the first side (T1) and the second side (T2) are brought closer to each other in the piston assembly (10), the first position (I) is moved to the second position (II). The reason for this approach is that the piston assembly (10) is exposed to unwanted vibrations where it is used. The piston assembly (10) first tries to stop the piston rod (20) by compressing the fluid in the inner chamber (12) while passing from the first position (I) to the second position (II). However, if the load on the piston rod (20) is high, the damping element (21 ) enters the sleeve (30). In this case, the fluid in the inner cavity (31) of the sleeve (30) rests against the washer (22). As the amount of compression increases, the fluid sleeve (30) continuously passes through the groove (23) to the charging zone (24) and then to the hole group (25). With this process step, compression is limited. As the damping element (21) enters the sleeve (30), the large-sized holes in the hole group (25) are covered and the damping feature is increased. If this amount of compression is such that it damages the system, the cap (26) can be opened, and fluid passage can be provided safely. During these movements, the second valve group (V2) also provides limited fluid passage from the inner chamber (12) to the outer chamber (14). In case the load on the piston assembly (10) is lifted, the valve groups are allowed to return to the first position (I) by allowing back fluid movement. During this process, a vacuum effect occurs in the inner cavity (31 ) of the sleeve (30) while the damping element (21) is separated from the sleeve. However, the washer (22) at least partially flexes and allows the fluid to be quickly filled into the sleeve (30) through the recirculation path (27) and the piston rod (20) to move back to the first position (I). The holes (251 ) in the hole group (25) of the washer (214) also allow oil passage if it is positioned outside the sleeve (30).

[0042] In addition to the standard force loads in the piston assembly (10), sudden and high energy forces are damped with this whole embodiment. During this process, it is also ensured that the compression density can be adjusted by the user through the washer (22), the recirculation zone (24) and the hole group (25). In addition, since the fluid passage of the first valve group (V1) and the second valve group (V2) is adjustable, it is ensured that the desired damping adjustment can be made in the piston assembly (10). In addition, it is ensured that the desired safety is maintained in the piston assembly (10) by means of the cap and spring (261 ). In addition, the damping element (21 ) used can be manufactured cheaply according to the valve groups known in the present art and provides a preferable structure thanks to its simple structure. The protection scope of the invention is specified in the appended claims and cannot be strictly limited to those explained in this detailed description for illustrative purposes. It is evident that a person skilled in the art may exhibit similar embodiments in light of the foregoing without departing from the main theme of the invention.

[0043] REFERENCE NUMBERS GIVEN IN THE FIGURES

[0044] 10 Piston Assembly

[0045] 11 Inner Tube

[0046] 12 Inner Chamber

[0047] 13 Outer Tube

[0048] 14 Outer Chamber

[0049] 20 Piston Rod

[0050] 21 Damping element

[0051] 22 Washer

[0052] 23 Groove

[0053] 24 Charging Zone

[0054] 25 Hole Group

[0055] 251 Hole

[0056] 26 Cap

[0057] 261 Spring

[0058] 262 Adjuster Nut

[0059] 27 Recirculation Path

[0060] 271 Recirculation Opening

[0061] 30 Sleeve

[0062] 31 Inner Cavity

[0063] 32 Opening

[0064] 33 Sidewall

[0065] V1 First Valve Group

[0066] V2 Second Valve Group

[0067] T1 First Side

[0068] T2 Second Side

[0069] (I) First Position

[0070] (II) Second Position

Claims

CLAIMS The invention is at least one piston assembly (10) comprising at least one inner tube (11 ) and at least one outer tube (13) nested in each other,At least one outer chamber (14) defined between said inner tube (11) and said outer tube (13) for placing hydraulic fluid therein, and at least one inner chamber (12) defined within said inner tube (11 ),At least one piston rod (20) which is at least partially movable within said inner chamber (12),At least one first valve group (V1 ) positioned on said piston rod (20) to allow limited passage in case of compression of hydraulic fluid in said inner chamber (12),At least one second valve group (V2) positioned between inner chamber (12) and outer chamber (14) to allow limited passage in case of compression of hydraulic fluid, characterized in that it comprises the following:At least one damping element (21) positioned on the side of the piston rod (20) facing the inner chamber (12) and movable with the piston rod (20) to dampen sudden force loads,At least one sleeve (30) with an inner cavity (31 ) into which the damping element (21 ) can be at least partially penetrated by moving it,At least one washer (22) for limiting the fluid passage due to the movement of the damping element (21 ) in the inner cavity (31 ) of the said sleeve (30),At least one groove (23) on the washer (22) to allow fluid passage,At least one charging zone (24) that allows fluid passage by being associated with said groove (23) and at least one hole group (25) on the lateral surface of the damping element (21 ) facing the sleeve (30) to allow fluid passage from said charging zone (24) to the inner chamber (12) and a plurality of holes (251 ) on said hole group (25) sized to increase the fluid passage from the piston rod (20) to the sleeve (30). A piston assembly (10) according to claim 1 , characterized in that said washer (22) is multiple in number to increase the damping. A piston assembly (10) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the damping element (21) of said holes (251 ) is configured to be covered as it enters the sleeve (30).

4. A piston assembly (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises at least one cap (26) that is associated with one side and can be moved at least partially under pressure to prevent sudden compression in the charging zone (24).

5. A piston assembly (10) according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises at least one spring (261 ) between itself and the piston rod (20) for abutting said cap (26) towards the charging zone (24).

6. A piston assembly (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises at least one adjuster nut (262) for adjusting the tension of said spring (261).

7. A piston assembly (10) according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises at least one recirculation path (27) on the damping element (21 ) for charging the fluid into the sleeve (30) and at least one recirculation opening (271 ) on the damping element (21 ).

8. A piston assembly (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that said recirculation path (27) extends as far as the washer (22).

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