Edge termination element for a bridge superstructure and method for producing a bridge superstructure with edge termination element

Abstract

Bridge edge termination element for the lateral fastening of a bridge superstructure, comprising a precast formwork section and fastening connections arranged such that they rest on a horizontal surface of the bridge superstructure on the upper side, characterized in that the precast formwork section is designed as a precast concrete element with a base area and an outer wall and the fastening connections for force transmission are arranged exclusively in the base area of ​​the precast concrete element.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a bridge edge termination element for the lateral fastening of a bridge superstructure according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for constructing a bridge superstructure with edge caps in which the aforementioned bridge edge termination elements are used.

[0002] In the construction of new bridges and bridge replacements, following the foundation work, construction of the bridge abutments, and erection of the bridge superstructure, the edges of the superstructure typically require edge reinforcement or securing, usually by means of so-called edge caps. These edge caps are generally cast in place from concrete, as specified, for example, in DE 10 109 001 A1, necessitating the construction and subsequent removal of formwork.

[0003] EP 3 702 533 B1 discloses a bridge edge termination element designed as a prefabricated formwork element. It forms a cavity with a channel shape that is at least partially open at the top and designed to receive cast-in-place concrete. The bridge edge termination element can be manufactured from various materials such as steel, textile-reinforced concrete, and / or glass fiber-reinforced plastic. It features fastening connections that bear on a substantially horizontal surface of the bridge superstructure at its upper end.

[0004] The invention is based on the objective of providing a method for the cost-effective and durable production of a bridge superstructure with edge caps. Furthermore, the invention aims to provide a bridge edge termination element that can be manufactured cost-effectively and used reliably. This objective is achieved by a bridge edge termination element with the features of claim 1 and by a method according to claim 12.

[0005] According to the invention, the problem is solved by the fact that the bridge edge termination element according to the invention comprises a precast formwork section designed as a precast concrete element. The precast formwork section has a base area and an outer wall. The fastening connections of the bridge edge termination element, with which the bridge edge termination element is to be attached to a bridge superstructure, are arranged exclusively in the base area of ​​the precast concrete element for force transmission. "Exclusively for force transmission" means that the fastening connections do not have a force-transmitting connection with the outer wall. If parts of the fastening connections project slightly into the precast concrete of the outer wall, without being able to transmit forces relevant to a bridge superstructure to any significant extent for the application, this is harmless.The fastening connections primarily serve to absorb loads acting on the bridge edge protection element before or during the construction of the edge caps in cast-in-place concrete. After completion of the edge caps, the bridge edge protection element is preferably monolithically connected to the rest of the bridge superstructure via the cast-in-place concrete. The load transfer then no longer occurs, or only to a minimal extent, via the fastening connections. Preferably, however, the fastening connections are only in contact with the ready-mix concrete in the base area of ​​the precast concrete element. In particular, the precast concrete element is constructed of reinforced, especially steel-reinforced, ready-mix concrete.

[0006] A bridge edge protection element designed in this way, incorporating a precast concrete formwork section, can be manufactured significantly more cost-effectively than a bridge edge protection element made entirely of steel, particularly stainless steel. Furthermore, aesthetic or architectural requirements may necessitate the use of bridge edge protection elements with a concrete appearance. This, in turn, precludes the use of bridge edge protection elements made of steel, especially stainless steel.

[0007] If the fastening connections are force-transmitting and connected to the outer wall, the outer wall must first have a sufficiently large wall thickness to allow such a force-transmitting connection between the precast concrete of the outer wall and the fastening connections. When using cost-effective steel fastening connections, the wall thickness of the outer wall must also be sufficient so that the precast concrete of the outer wall covers the ends of the fastening connections to the outside to ensure the necessary corrosion protection for the steel fastening connections. For this purpose, the wall thickness of the precast concrete of the outer wall must extend at least 2.5 cm, preferably at least 5 cm, beyond the point where the fastening elements terminate in the outer wall.

[0008] Because the force transmission between the precast formwork section and the fastening connections in the bridge edge termination element according to the invention occurs exclusively via the base area of ​​the precast concrete element forming the precast formwork section, the bridge edge termination element can be manufactured more simply and cost-effectively. This allows the bridge edge termination element to be made lighter. For the same mass, it is longer, or conversely, for the same length, it has less mass.

[0009] The bridge edge termination element forms the edge termination of a bridge superstructure in the form of a cap. This allows the bridge edge termination element according to the invention to be placed on top of the bridge superstructure from above, supporting its own weight, and cast in place with cast-in-place concrete without significant adjustment. The area bounded by the ground and the outer wall is filled with cast-in-place concrete.

[0010] In-situ concrete within the meaning of the invention shall be any suitable grout or filler material that transitions from a viscous to a solid state, can be processed as required, and is suitable for bearing the loads incurred.

[0011] Preferably, the base area of ​​a mounting flange forms a support surface for the lateral positioning and securing of the bridge edge termination element to the bridge superstructure. During installation of the bridge edge termination element on a bridge superstructure, this mounting flange allows the element to be positioned against the rest of the superstructure. This makes the bridge edge termination element particularly easy to place on a bridge superstructure.

[0012] Preferably, the bridge edge termination element has a support element, preferably located on one of its mounting sides at ground level. The support element is designed to be positioned on a horizontal surface of the bridge superstructure. For this purpose, the support element projects laterally beyond the ground level. Forces acting on the bridge edge termination element in the direction of gravity can be easily transferred to the bridge superstructure via the support element. A bridge edge termination element designed in this way can be attached to a bridge superstructure in a particularly simple and reliable manner. A bridge superstructure equipped with an edge cap by means of a corresponding bridge edge termination element comprising a precast concrete formwork section is particularly robust and durable.

[0013] The support element can be designed as a support angle. The support element can be made of steel.

[0014] The support element can be arranged continuously along the entire longitudinal direction of the bridge edge termination element. Alternatively, several support elements can be arranged section by section in the longitudinal direction of the bridge edge termination element, one behind the other, on the ground area.

[0015] The support element can be connected to reinforcement in the base area of ​​the precast concrete element. Alternatively or additionally, the support element can be equipped with headed studs that project into the base area. To create such a bridge edge termination element, the support element is positioned at the future base area before the precast concrete element is poured. This ensures a particularly strong load-bearing connection between the support element and the precast concrete element.

[0016] Preferably, the fastening connections are designed as welded structures using steel sheets, in particular T-beams and / or I-beams. Fastening connections designed as welded structures using steel sheets, in particular T-beams and / or I-beams, can be manufactured particularly cost-effectively.

[0017] The use of welded fastening connections allows for the simple attachment of the bridge edge termination element to a bridge superstructure, provided the superstructure is equipped with corresponding connection plates on its upper surface. These connection plates are metal components embedded in the surface of the bridge superstructure. Welded fastening connections can be welded to these connection plates. This allows the bridge edge termination element to be reliably attached to a suitable bridge superstructure in a particularly simple manner.

[0018] Alternatively or additionally, individual or all fastening connections can have base plates, whereby the bridge edge termination elements can then be fixed to a bridge superstructure via such base plates using dowel connections.

[0019] The use of T-beams, especially I-beams, enables fastening connections that are particularly well-suited for absorbing overturning moments acting on the bridge edge protection element. This is especially relevant when using bridge edge protection elements with a support element. A support element of such a bridge superstructure element can transfer forces acting in the direction of gravity to the bridge superstructure, but not overturning moments. These must be transferred to the bridge superstructure by other means, particularly via the fastening connections. Fastening connections that are particularly well-suited for absorbing overturning moments are therefore especially advantageous. The bridge edge protection elements, as well as a bridge superstructure fitted with edge caps using appropriate bridge edge protection elements, are particularly load-bearing.

[0020] A fastening connection preferably comprises a first support arranged perpendicular to the surface of the floor area and a second support arranged perpendicular to the first support on the side of the first support facing away from the outer wall. This allows the bridge edge termination element to be manufactured in a simple and cost-effective manner.

[0021] Furthermore, and particularly preferably, the fastening connection includes a third support beam aligned parallel to the first beam and arranged on the second beam. The use of such a third beam allows for a simple and sufficient clearance between the second beam and the top surface of a bridge superstructure. This ensures that, when pouring cast-in-place concrete, the concrete reliably fills the space between the top surface of the bridge superstructure or the top surface of the ground area and the second beam.

[0022] If a suitable connection plate is arranged on the top of the bridge superstructure where the bridge edge termination element is to be fixed, the fastening connection can be connected to the connection plate particularly easily via the third girder.

[0023] Preferably, at least one fastening connection has a connecting element. This connecting element is used for mounting fall protection, such as a railing, contact protection elements, and / or noise reduction elements. The connecting element can be designed as a connecting plate, in particular as the head plate of the fastening connection. Railing posts, for example, can be screwed to this plate or pre-attached, even without prior in-situ concrete work.

[0024] Preferably, each fastening connection has at least one force transmission element located in the base area. Such a force transmission element ensures a particularly good connection between the respective fastening connection and the precast concrete element, more precisely the base area of ​​the precast concrete element.

[0025] The force transmission element can be implemented via a base plate of the fastening connection. Alternatively or additionally, the fastening connection can be provided with one or more headed studs that project laterally into the finished concrete of the base area. Alternatively or additionally, the fastening connection can be provided with one or more recesses for one or more reinforcement elements of the precast concrete element. In the latter case, the force transmission element is implemented by inserting one or more reinforcement elements through the recess(es) in the fastening connection during the construction of the bridge edge termination element or the precast concrete element, before the precast concrete element is poured.

[0026] Preferably, the bridge edge termination element is designed to at least partially form the edge termination of a bridge superstructure in the form of an edge cap.

[0027] Preferably, the precast concrete element of the bridge edge protection element has an L-shaped cross-section in a section perpendicular to its longitudinal direction. In particular, the outer surface of the outer wall is flat. Bridge edge protection elements designed in this way can be manufactured with outer walls of varying heights in a particularly simple manner. The bridge edge protection element can be produced in a precast concrete plant at a 90° angle to its installation position. When the precast concrete element is poured, the outer wall then forms the lower part of the bridge edge protection element. In such a case, the height of the outer wall can be varied by simply shifting the formwork element that defines the top of the outer wall laterally. Such a bridge edge protection element can be manufactured easily and therefore cost-effectively with outer walls of varying heights.

[0028] Preferably, the bridge edge termination element has a corrosion protection element arranged on the outer wall. In particular, the corrosion protection element is embedded in the concrete. The corrosion protection element extends along the longitudinal direction of the bridge edge termination element. Such a corrosion protection element is made of a corrosion-resistant material, in particular stainless steel. The corrosion protection element is arranged on the outer wall such that an edge cap subsequently added with cast-in-place concrete terminates flush with the corrosion protection element projecting from the outer wall. The corrosion protection element serves to prevent the ingress of water, especially saline water generated during de-icing with road salt, into the area between the precast concrete element and the cast-in-place concrete addition. In particular, the corrosion protection element is formed by an angle embedded in the outer wall.One leg of the angle extends from the outer wall to the construction of the fastening connections or the bridge superstructure. This reduces the risk of corrosion and increases the durability of the bridge edge termination element or of a bridge superstructure fitted with an edge cap using a corresponding bridge edge termination element.

[0029] The problem is further solved by a method for constructing a bridge superstructure with edge caps, in which bridge edge termination elements according to the invention are used.

[0030] Preferably, the method first comprises attaching the necessary quantity of bridge edge termination elements to the upper sides of the bridge superstructure to achieve the required length. Subsequently, supplementary formwork is erected to create an inner edge termination for the bridge roadway and / or pedestrian walkway. The space between the bridge edge termination element and the supplementary formwork is then filled with cast-in-place concrete. Finally, the supplementary formwork is removed.

[0031] Particularly when the bridge superstructure features prestressed concrete precast elements or VFT girders equipped with connection plates, the bridge edge protection elements can be attached to the superstructure by welding the fastening connections to the respective connection plates. This makes the bridge edge protection elements particularly easy to install and the process especially simple and cost-effective.

[0032] Particularly preferred is the construction of a roadway slab in cast-in-place concrete after the bridge edge protection elements have been attached. The roadway slab extends at least partially over the attachment points of the bridge edge protection elements. The roadway slab is then covered with a waterproofing layer. After the waterproofing layer has been applied, the edge caps are constructed in cast-in-place concrete. The attachment points of the bridge edge protection elements are then located within the roadway slab and below the waterproofing layer. This method allows for a bridge superstructure in which the waterproofing layer is continuous and, in particular, cannot be affected by the installation of the bridge edge protection elements.

[0033] Furthermore, and particularly preferably, before the concrete deck slab is cast in place, reinforcement is installed that extends from the area of ​​the deck slab to be constructed into the area of ​​the edge cap to be constructed. After the edge cap is cast in place, the reinforcement extending through the deck slab and the edge cap thus creates a strong connection between the edge cap and the rest of the bridge superstructure. The bridge superstructure with edge cap obtained using this method is particularly durable.

[0034] Further advantages and details of the invention can be found in the following description of the figures, which include exemplary embodiments of the invention. The figures schematically illustrate: Fig. 1 : a partial cross-section through a bridge superstructure obtained using the inventive method and bridge edge termination elements according to the invention; Fig. 2 : a view of a section of a bridge superstructure according to Fig. 1 ; Fig. 3 : a cross-section through a bridge edge termination element according to the invention; Fig. 4 : a cross-section through a prestressed concrete precast element for constructing a bridge superstructure with edge caps using bridge edge termination elements with connection element according to the invention; Fig. 5 : Fastening connection and support element of a bridge edge termination element according to the invention.

[0035] Parts that function identically or similarly are provided with identical reference numerals, where appropriate. Individual technical features of the embodiments described below can be combined with the features of claim 1 and with the features of individual embodiments described above to form articles according to the invention.

[0036] The representation in Fig. 1 Figure 1 schematically shows a section through a part of a bridge superstructure 2 with prestressed concrete precast elements B, which are supported on bridge abutments (not shown). The bridge superstructure 2 has an edge termination on its side in the form of an edge cap or roadway cap 4. This is formed by means of bridge edge termination elements 6.

[0037] Instead of the prestressed concrete precast elements B, other elements can also be used to obtain a bridge superstructure 2. In particular, VFT girders can be used.

[0038] Each bridge edge termination element 6 has a precast formwork section 8. The precast formwork section 8 has a base area 10 and an outer wall 12. The precast formwork section 8, with the base area 10 and the outer wall 12, is designed as a precast concrete element. Each bridge edge termination element 6 also has fastening connections 14.

[0039] The fastening connections 14 of the bridge edge termination element 6 are arranged such that they bear on the upper side of the bridge superstructure 2, here a connection plate A, which is located on the top of the outer prestressed concrete precast element B, in order to be connected to it. Alternatively, instead of the prestressed concrete precast element B, an alternative element such as a VFT beam can be used.

[0040] In the illustrated embodiment, the fastening connections 14 are formed as a welded structure made of I-beams. Alternatively or additionally, other shaped steel sheets, in particular simple I-beams, can also be used. Fastening connections 14 designed as welded structures can be formed in a simple manner.

[0041] The fastening connections 14, formed as a welded construction, are connected to the connection plate A by welding.

[0042] Alternatively or additionally, individual or all fastening connections 14 can be provided with base plates, which are also made of sheet steel. In this case, the bridge edge termination element 6 can be fixed to the bridge superstructure 2 via the base plates of the fastening connections 14 using dowel connections. The use of connection plates A is then unnecessary.

[0043] In the illustrated embodiment, the fastening connections 14 comprise a first beam 16, a second beam 18, and a third beam 20. The first beam 16 and the third beam 20 are spaced apart from each other and arranged parallel to one another. When the bridge edge termination element 6 is attached to the prestressed concrete elements B or to alternative elements such as VFT beams of the bridge superstructure 2, the first beam 16 and the third beam 20 are vertically aligned. The second beam 18 then extends horizontally between the first beam 16 and the third beam 20, connecting them.

[0044] The fastening connections 14 are each connected to the precast formwork section 8 only via the first beam 16, which projects into the ground area 10. There is no contact between the fastening connections 14 and the outer wall 12. Therefore, the thickness of the outer wall 12 can be kept small, taking into account the respective structural requirements. The outer wall 12 does not need to provide a minimum concrete cover for the fastening connections 16. Consequently, the entire bridge edge termination element 6 can be built narrower and lighter.

[0045] The fastening connections 14 have at least one force transmission element 26. In the illustrated embodiment, the force transmission element 26 is formed by a base plate arranged at the end of the first support 16 located in the base area 10. The force transmission element 26 ensures that the fastening connections 14, which are embedded in the base area 10, have a reliable force-transmitting connection to the precast formwork section 8, which is designed as a precast concrete element.

[0046] The force transmission element 26 can alternatively or additionally be designed as one or preferably several headed studs and / or by means of recesses in the fastening connection 14. If recesses are provided in the fastening connection 14, at least one [unclear] in the base area 10 of the precast formwork section 8, designed as a precast concrete element, is guided through this recess(s) before the precast formwork section 8 is cast, in order to achieve a reliable force-transmitting connection of the fastening connection 14 in the base area 10.

[0047] The bridge edge termination element 6 has a contact surface 22. In the illustrated embodiment, this is formed by one side of the base area 10. The bridge edge termination element 6 rests with its contact surface 22 against the prestressed concrete precast element B or an alternative element such as a VFT beam.

[0048] The bridge edge termination element 6 has a support element 24. This is embedded in the ground area 10 in the area of ​​the support flank 22 and projects laterally towards the prestressed concrete precast element B. The support element 24 is designed so that it rests on the upper surface of the prestressed concrete precast element B.

[0049] Forces acting vertically on the bridge edge termination element 6 can be transferred to the prestressed concrete precast element B via the support element 24. In the exemplary embodiment, the support element 24 is formed by a steel angle provided with headed bolts. The steel angle is firmly connected to the base area 10 of the bridge edge termination element 6 via the headed bolts.

[0050] The bridge edge termination element 6 has connection elements 28. In the illustrated embodiment, the connection elements 28 are designed as end plates of the first support 16 of the fastening connections 14. Fall protection devices such as railings, contact protection and / or noise barriers can be attached to the connection elements 28.

[0051] The bridge edge termination element 6 has a corrosion protection element 30. The corrosion protection element 30 is arranged on the outer wall 12 and projects from the outer wall 12 in the direction of the prestressed concrete precast element B in the position specified on the prestressed concrete precast element B. The corrosion protection element 30 is arranged so that, after the edge cap 4 has been added with cast-in-place concrete O, it is approximately flush with the top surface of the cast-in-place concrete O. The corrosion protection element 30 is made of a corrosion-resistant material. It hinders the penetration of condensation into the area between the cast-in-place concrete O and the outer wall 12 of the precast formwork section 8. In the illustrated embodiment, the corrosion protection element 30 is formed by a stainless steel angle embedded in the outer wall 12.

[0052] Fig. 2 shows a monitoring of the in Fig. 1 The bridge superstructure 2 is shown in a partial cross-section. The prestressed concrete elements B are visible, with the outer prestressed concrete element B being provided with connection plates A. The bridge edge termination element 6 is fixed to these connection plates A by means of the fastening connections 14.

[0053] Alternatively, instead of the prestressed concrete precast elements B, alternative elements such as VFT beams can be used. If these alternative elements have a metallic surface to which the fastening connections can be attached, the connection plates A can be omitted.

[0054] Fig. 3 shows a cross-section through a bridge edge termination element 6 and Fig. 4 a cross-section through the outer prestressed concrete element B before they were joined together.

[0055] The lateral fastening of the bridge superstructure 2 and the construction of the edge cap 4 are carried out using the procedure described below. First, the required quantity of bridge edge termination elements 6 to achieve the necessary length is determined on the prestressed concrete precast element B or an alternative element such as a VFT girder of the bridge superstructure 2. In the exemplary embodiment, the outer prestressed concrete precast elements B have connection plates A to which the fastening connections 14 of the bridge edge termination elements 6 are welded.

[0056] Reinforcement for a deck slab 32 is arranged on the prestressed concrete elements B or an alternative element such as a VFT beam. The reinforcement can project into the area of ​​the edge cap 4 to be constructed. Formwork for the deck slab 32 is erected in the area of ​​the transition between the prestressed concrete element B and the bridge edge termination element 6, and the deck slab 32 is cast in place. The formwork is then removed. A sealing layer 34 is applied to the deck slab 32. Following these steps, further formwork is erected for the edge cap 4. The edge cap 4 is then cast in place. Subsequently, the further formwork is removed.

[0057] Fall protection and / or noise protection elements can be installed subsequently or even before the construction of the edge cap 4 in cast-in-place concrete O via the connecting elements 28 of the bridge end elements 6.

[0058] Fig. 5 shows the fastening connection 14 and the support element 24, before these are cast together with the precast concrete element forming the precast formwork section 8 to create the bridge edge termination element 6.

Claims

1. Bridge edge termination element (6) for the lateral fastening of a bridge superstructure (2), comprising a precast formwork section (8) and fastening connections (14) arranged such that they rest on a horizontal surface of the bridge superstructure (2) on its upper side, characterized by the fact that the precast formwork section (8) is designed as a precast concrete element with a base area (10) and an outer wall (12) and the fastening connections (14) for force transmission are arranged exclusively in the base area (10) of the precast concrete element.

2. Bridge edge termination element according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the ground area (10) has a mounting flank (22) for lateral mounting and fixing to the bridge superstructure (2).

3. Bridge edge termination element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that a support element (24) is arranged at the bottom area (10) for support on the horizontal surface of the bridge superstructure (2).

4. Bridge edge termination element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the fastening connections (14) are designed as welded constructions using steel sheets, in particular T-beams and / or I-beams.

5. Bridge edge termination element according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that a fastening connection (14) has a first support (16) arranged perpendicular to a surface of the floor area (10) in the floor area (10) and a second support (18) arranged perpendicular to the first support (16) on the side of the first support (16) facing away from the outer wall (12).

6. Bridge edge termination element according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that A third support (20) is arranged on the second support (18) and is aligned parallel to the first support (16).

7. Bridge edge termination element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that at least one fastening connection (14) has a connection element (28).

8. Bridge edge termination element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the fastening connection (14) has at least one force transmission element (26) arranged in the base area (10).

9. Bridge edge termination element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the bridge edge termination element (6) is designed to at least partially form the edge termination of a bridge superstructure (2) in the form of an edge cap (4).

10. Bridge edge termination element (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the precast concrete element forming the precast formwork section (8) is L-shaped in cross-section perpendicular to a longitudinal extension direction (L) of the bridge edge termination element (6).

11. Bridge edge termination element (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thata corrosion protection element (30) is arranged on the outer wall (12), which extends along the longitudinal direction (L) of the bridge edge termination element (6).

12. Method for constructing a bridge superstructure (2) with edge caps (4), characterized by the use of bridge edge termination elements (6) according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. Method according to claim 12 comprising the following method steps: - Attaching the necessary quantity of bridge edge termination elements (6) to obtain the required length on the upper side of the bridge superstructure (2), - Installing supplementary formwork to create an inner edge termination for the bridge driving and / or walking path, - Pouring the space between the bridge edge termination element (6) and the supplementary formwork with cast-in-place concrete (O), - Removing the supplementary formwork.

14. Method according to claim 13, characterized by the fact thatAfter the bridge edge termination elements (6) have been attached, a roadway slab (32) is first constructed in cast-in-place concrete (O), the roadway slab (32) is then provided with a sealing layer (34) and the edge caps are subsequently constructed in cast-in-place concrete (O) (4).

15. Method according to claim 14, characterized by Installation of reinforcement prior to the construction of the roadway slab (32) in cast-in-place concrete (O), extending from the area of ​​the roadway slab (32) into the area of ​​the edge cap (4) and forming a fixed connection of the edge cap (4) with the rest of the bridge superstructure (2) after casting with cast-in-place concrete (O).

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