Electromagnetically actuatable brake and electric motor having an electromagnetically actuatable brake

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetically actuatable brake and to an electric motor having an electromagnetically actuatable brake, wherein a lining carrier is connected to the rotor shaft of the electric motor for conjoint rotation, and the lining carrier is arranged so as to be able to move in the axial direction relative to the rotor shaft, wherein an armature plate of the brake is connected to a magnet body of the brake for conjoint rotation, wherein the armature plate is arranged so as to be able to move in the axial direction, wherein magnetic bar magnets are received in the lining carrier, wherein a first ring magnet is arranged on an end shield of the electric motor, wherein a second ring magnet is arranged on the armature plate.

Description

[0001] Electromagnetically operated brake and electric motor with electromagnetically operated

[0002] brake

[0003] Description:

[0004] The invention relates to an electromagnetically actuated brake and an electric motor with an electromagnetically actuated brake.

[0005] It is generally known that a brake motor has a motor with a brake, whereby the brake is applied when activated and released when released.

[0006] From DE 10 2010 049 744 A1, a brake is known as the closest state of the art.

[0007] From DE 10 2010 049 747 A1 a kit for the production of different electric motors of a series of electric motors is known.

[0008] An electric motor is known from DE 10 2010 049 748 A1.

[0009] A magnetic braking system is known from US 3 579 003 A.

[0010] The invention is therefore based on the object of carrying out the operation of a brake motor with the highest possible safety.

[0011] According to the invention, the object is achieved in the brake according to the features specified in claim 1 and in the electric motor according to the features specified in claim 14.

[0012] Important features of the invention in the electromagnetically actuated brake, in particular for an electric motor, wherein a lining carrier of the brake is connected to a shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, and the lining carrier is arranged to be movable relative to the shaft in the axial direction, in particular thus parallel to the direction of the axis of rotation of the shaft, wherein an armature disk of the brake is connected to a magnetic body of the brake in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the armature disk is arranged to be movable in the axial direction, wherein magnetic bar magnets, in particular magnetized in the axial direction, are accommodated in the lining carrier, wherein a first ring magnet is arranged on a bearing plate of the electric motor, wherein a second ring magnet is arranged on the armature disk.

[0013] The advantage of this is that safe operation of the brake motor is guaranteed. When the brake is applied, the armature plate is axially retracted from the brake pad carrier, so that the brake pad carrier and its brake pads are retracted from the braking surfaces against which the brake pads were in frictional contact. The ring magnets and the bar magnets center the brake pad carrier axially between the bearing plate and the armature plate. The detachment of the brake pad carrier and its brake pad from the braking surface formed on the bearing plate is assisted by the magnetic repulsion between the first ring magnet and the bar magnets.

[0014] It is also particularly important that when the brake is released, the pad carrier is axially spaced quickly, efficiently and sufficiently safely using the magnets.

[0015] The radial direction and the circumferential direction are always related to the axis of rotation of the shaft; the axial direction is parallel to the direction of the axis of rotation of the shaft.

[0016] In an advantageous embodiment, the second ring magnet is accommodated in an annular recess in the armature disk and / or is integrally connected, in particular adhesively bonded, to the armature disk. The advantage here is that no additional space is required for the ring magnet.

[0017] In an advantageous embodiment, the ring axis of the first ring magnet is aligned coaxially with the shaft's rotational axis. This has the advantage that tilting of the lining carrier is more difficult. This ensures trouble-free operation. In an advantageous embodiment, the ring axis of the second ring magnet is aligned coaxially with the shaft's rotational axis. This has the advantage that tilting of the lining carrier is more difficult. This ensures trouble-free operation.

[0018] In an advantageous embodiment, the bar magnets are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction, in particular evenly spaced from one another. This is advantageous because the lining carrier only needs to be equipped with a few bar magnets. Thus, the bar magnets of the lining carrier are axially centered between the first and second ring magnets.

[0019] In an advantageous embodiment, the bar magnets each have the same radial distance from the axis of rotation of the shaft and / or are each arranged at the same axial location. This has the advantage that the lining carrier can be centered as precisely as possible between the two ring magnets by the magnetically repelling bar magnets. This is because the respective bar magnet has the same pole type, e.g. north pole, on its side facing the first ring magnet as the first ring magnet on its side facing the bar magnet. Likewise, the respective bar magnet has the same pole type, e.g. south pole, on its side facing the second ring magnet as the second ring magnet on its side facing the respective bar magnet.

[0020] In an advantageous embodiment, the radial spacing areas covered by the bar magnets are identical to one another and / or the areas covered by the bar magnets in the axial direction are identical to one another. Advantageously, the bar magnets are all arranged at the same circumferential angular position and all have the same axial position.

[0021] In an advantageous embodiment, the first ring magnet is magnetized in the axial direction, wherein the second ring magnet is magnetized in the axial direction, wherein the bar magnets are each magnetized opposite to the axial direction. In an alternative advantageous embodiment, the first ring magnet is magnetized opposite to the axial direction, wherein the second ring magnet is magnetized opposite to the axial direction, wherein the bar magnets are each magnetized in the axial direction. The advantage here is that the bar magnets arranged axially between the two ring magnets are repelled by both ring magnets and are thus positioned centrally. When the brake is released, the armature disk is pressed away from the magnet body by spring elements. The armature disk then presses the lining carrier towards the bearing shield.In this case, the repulsive magnetic force between the bar magnets and the ring magnets is overcome and the brake pads arranged axially on both sides of the pad carrier are pressed onto the respective braking surfaces, in particular a first brake pad onto the first braking surface and a second brake pad onto the second braking surface.

[0022] In an advantageous embodiment, the bar magnets are each arranged in a respective recess extending axially through the lining carrier and / or are integrally connected, in particular adhesively bonded, to the lining carrier. This allows for a quick and simple construction, requiring no additional installation space.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment, tab areas punched and / or formed on the lining carrier at least partially encompass the bar magnets and thus provide axial limitation. This is advantageous in that a positive axial locking is also possible.

[0024] In an advantageous embodiment, the brake pad carrier has brake pads axially on both sides, with the brake pads arranged radially outside the bar magnets, the first ring magnet, and / or the second ring magnet. This is advantageous in that a high frictional torque can be generated.

[0025] In an advantageous embodiment, the first ring magnet is designed to be continuous in the circumferential direction, particularly relative to the shaft's rotational axis. This allows for easy assembly. Furthermore, axial centering of the lining carrier between the first and second ring magnets is possible, regardless of the lining carrier's rotational position.

[0026] In an additional or alternative embodiment, the second ring magnet is designed to be continuous in the circumferential direction, particularly relative to the shaft's rotational axis. This has the advantage of enabling simple assembly. Furthermore, axial centering of the lining carrier between the first and second ring magnets is possible, regardless of the lining carrier's rotational position.

[0027] In an advantageous embodiment, a coil winding is arranged in the magnetic body, in particular in an annular recess in the magnetic body, in particular the winding axis of which is aligned coaxially to the axis of rotation of the shaft, wherein spring elements supported on the magnetic body press onto the armature disk, wherein a first braking surface is formed on the bearing plate on the side of the lining carrier facing the lining carrier or a friction disk is connected to the bearing plate, which provides a first braking surface on its side of the lining carrier facing the lining carrier, in particular wherein the armature disk provides a second braking surface on its side facing the lining carrier. The advantage here is that in the event of a power failure, the brake is automatically applied since the spring force generated by the spring elements presses the armature disk towards the lining carrier and thus presses it onto the first braking surface formed on the bearing plate.Only when the coil winding is energized does the magnetic attraction acting on the armature plate overcome the spring force generated by the spring elements, causing the armature plate to move toward the magnet body and thus free the brake lining carrier from the braking surfaces. The magnetic repulsion force between the bar magnets and the ring magnets assists in this process, especially when the brake lining carrier is freed.

[0028] In an advantageous embodiment, the shaft protrudes through a recess of the

[0029] The fan passes through the magnet body and is connected to a fan on the side of the magnet body axially facing away from the armature disk. This has the advantage of allowing easy cooling of the magnet body and thus also of the brake.

[0030] In an advantageous embodiment, the brake has a plate part that is rotatably mounted on the magnet body. This is advantageous because it allows for manual release.

[0031] In an advantageous embodiment, the radial distance range covered by the bar magnets overlaps with, or is identical to, the radial distance range covered by the first ring magnet. This is advantageous because the lining carrier can be magnetically centered in the axial direction. This is because the bar magnets are located at the same radial position as the ring magnets. Thus, the repulsive force is sufficiently strong.

[0032] In an advantageous embodiment, the radial spacing area covered by the bar magnets overlaps with or is identical to the radial spacing area covered by the second ring magnet, in particular, the bar magnets are arranged axially between the first ring magnet and the second ring magnet. This advantageously enables magnetic centering in the axial direction.

[0033] In an advantageous embodiment, the lining carrier has an internal toothing that is mounted on the external toothing of an annular driver, the driver being connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular by means of a keyway. It is advantageous that the lining carrier is connected to the driver in a rotationally fixed manner and, at the same time, is arranged for axial displacement.

[0034] Important features of the electric motor with a brake mentioned above are that the shaft is a rotor shaft of the electric motor.

[0035] In particular, a floating bearing is accommodated in the bearing shield, the inner ring of which is placed on the shaft and the outer ring of which is accommodated in the bearing shield. The bearing shield is connected to a stator housing of the electric motor. A bearing flange on the side of the stator housing facing away from the bearing shield is connected to the stator housing and accommodates a fixed bearing, which, together with the floating bearing, rotatably supports the shaft. The advantage here is that the floating bearing is accommodated in the bearing shield and thus, in the event of thermally induced changes in the length of the shaft, these can be compensated. In addition, the lining carrier is also designed to compensate for the

[0036] Length change arranged so that it can be moved on the shaft or the driver.

[0037] Further advantages emerge from the dependent claims. The invention is not limited to the combination of features in the claims. Further possible combinations of claims and / or individual claim features and / or features of the description and / or the figures will become apparent to those skilled in the art, particularly from the problem and / or the problem posed by comparison with the prior art.

[0038] The invention will now be explained in more detail using schematic illustrations:

[0039] Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section through an electric motor according to the invention with an electromagnetically actuated brake.

[0040] Figure 2 shows an enlarged section of Figure 1.

[0041] As shown in the figures, the electric motor has a rotatably mounted rotor shaft 2, which is rotatably mounted by means of a bearing 1 which is accommodated in a bearing plate 15.

[0042] Preferably, bearing 1 is designed as a floating bearing.

[0043] The bearing shield is connected to a stator housing which, on its side axially remote from the bearing shield 15, is connected to a bearing flange in which a further bearing, in particular a fixed bearing, is accommodated for the rotatable mounting of the rotor shaft 2.

[0044] An annular driver 4 is mounted on the rotor shaft 2 and connected to the rotor shaft 2 in a rotationally fixed manner by means of a key 3. The driver 4 has external teeth, onto which a lining carrier 7 with its internal teeth is mounted. Thus, the lining carrier 7 is connected to the driver 4 in a rotationally fixed manner and yet is arranged to be displaceable in the axial direction relative to the rotor shaft 2.

[0045] The pad carrier 7 is provided with brake pads on both sides axially.

[0046] On the side of the lining carrier 7 axially facing away from the bearing plate 15, an armature disk 9 is arranged, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a magnetic body 10 and is arranged so as to be displaceable in the axial direction. For this purpose, bolts are preferably fastened to or in the magnetic body, each of which protrudes through a respective recess in the armature disk 9, so that the armature disk 9 is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner but is axially movable relative to the magnetic body 10. The magnetic body 10 is connected to the bearing plate 15. An annular recess is arranged in the magnetic body 10, in which an electrically energizable coil winding 11 is accommodated.

[0047] The coil winding 11 is preferably designed as a ring winding, wherein the ring axis of the ring winding is aligned coaxially to the axis of rotation of the rotor shaft 2.

[0048] The armature disk 9 is arranged axially between the magnet body 10 and the lining carrier 7.

[0049] Preferably, the armature disk 9 is made of a ferromagnetic material.

[0050] Spring elements, in particular annular springs, supported on the magnet body 10 press on the armature disk 9.

[0051] Thus, when the coil winding 11 is energized, the armature disk 9 is attracted to the magnetic body 10 against the spring force generated by the spring elements.

[0052] When the coil winding 11 is not energized, the armature disk 9 is pressed by the spring elements onto the lining carrier, in particular onto the brake pad arranged on the side of the lining carrier facing the armature disk, so that the lining carrier, in particular the brake pad arranged on the side of the lining carrier facing away from the armature disk, is pressed on its side facing away from the armature disk 9 onto a braking surface formed on the bearing plate 15, in particular a flat ground braking surface, or onto a friction disk fastened to the bearing plate 15 and arranged axially between the bearing plate and the lining carrier.

[0053] The magnetic body 10 and the armature disk 9 each have a centrally arranged recess through which the rotor shaft 2 protrudes.

[0054] Preferably, on the side of the magnetic body 10 axially facing away from the armature disk 9, a fan wheel is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotor shaft 2. In addition, a plate part 13 is provided which is rotatably mounted on the magnetic body 10 and whose rotational position can be adjusted using a release lever 12 which is rigidly connected to the plate part 13. By means of tie rods which can be moved in the axial direction by the plate part 13 and which protrude through the magnetic body 10 and the armature disk 9, the armature disk 9 is pulled along in the axial direction when the tie rods move in the axial direction, since the tie rods are widened on their end region facing away from the plate part 13 and thus axially delimit the armature disk 9.

[0055] Likewise, by widening the end region of the tie rods extending through the plate part 13, which is remote from the armature disk 9, the axial limitation of the plate part 13 is possible. This allows manual release of the brake even in de-energized operation.

[0056] The armature disk 9 is arranged axially between the lining carrier 7 and the magnet body 10.

[0057] When current is applied to the coil winding 11, the armature disk 9 is attracted to the magnet body 10 while overcoming the spring force generated by the spring elements. In this way, the brake lining carrier 7 is released from the braking surface on the bearing plate 15 or from the friction plate and can move in the axial direction, allowing the brake to run freely.

[0058] In order to support the release of the lining carrier 7 when the coil winding 11 is energized and to center the lining carrier as far as possible in the axial center between the armature plate 9 and the braking surface arranged on the friction plate or on the bearing plate 15, a first ring magnet 5 is arranged on the bearing plate 15, in particular on the side of the bearing plate 15 axially facing the lining carrier, and a second ring magnet 8 is arranged on the side of the armature plate 9 facing the lining carrier 7.

[0059] The ring axis of the first ring magnet 5 is aligned coaxially with the rotational axis of the rotor shaft 2. The first ring magnet 5 is magnetized in the axial direction, in particular so that the first ring magnet 5 has a south pole on its side facing the lining carrier 7. The ring axis of the second ring magnet 8 is aligned coaxially with the rotational axis of the rotor shaft 2. The second ring magnet 8 is magnetized in the axial direction, in particular so that the second ring magnet 8 has a north pole on its side facing the lining carrier 7.

[0060] The two ring magnets (5, 8) have in particular the same ring diameter; therefore, they are preferably the same size.

[0061] Bar magnets 6 are accommodated in the lining carrier 7, which are magnetized in the axial direction in such a way that they each have a south pole on their side facing the bearing plate 15 and a north pole on their side facing the armature disk 9.

[0062] The bar magnets 6 are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction, in particular regularly spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction.

[0063] The bar magnets 6 are all arranged at the same radial distance from the axis of rotation of the rotor shaft 2.

[0064] The radial distance range covered by the bar magnets 6 overlaps with the radial distance range covered by the first ring magnet 5 and with the radial distance range covered by the second ring magnet 8.

[0065] The bar magnets 6 are axially spaced from both the first ring magnet 5 and the second ring magnet 8. Preferably, the distance to the respective ring magnet (5, 8) is the same.

[0066] The bar magnets 6 are arranged in the lining carrier 7 in a displacement-resistant manner. Preferably, the bar magnets 6 are integrally connected to the lining carrier 7, in particular adhesively bonded. Alternatively or additionally, a positive connection is also advantageous, with tabs formed, in particular punched, on the lining carrier for this purpose, which at least partially encompass the bar magnet and at least axially secure it. The bar magnets 6 are preferably arranged radially inside the brake pads. Thus, the brake pads are attached as far radially outward as possible on the lining carrier 7.

[0067] The magnetic force acting attractively on the armature disk 9 when the coil winding 11 is energized is preferably at least ten times greater than the magnetic force acting repulsively on the bar magnets 6 from the first ring magnet 5.

[0068] The coil winding 11 is preferably accommodated in a coil body, which is preferably made of plastic, in particular as a plastic injection-molded part, wherein the coil body together with the coil winding 11 is accommodated in the pot-shaped or annular recess of the magnetic body 10.

[0069] The second ring magnet 8 is housed in an annular recess of the bearing plate 15. If no friction plate is provided, a finely machined annular surface is formed on the bearing plate radially outside the second ring magnet 8, which serves as a braking surface on the side of the bearing plate 15 facing the lining carrier 7. If, alternatively, a friction plate is present, it is preferably punched out of a sheet metal as a perforated disc.

[0070] In further embodiments of the invention, the rotor shaft 2 is provided with external teeth instead of the driver 4, and the lining carrier 7 is mounted with its internal teeth on the rotor shaft. Thus, the driver 4 and the key 3 can be omitted.

[0071] List of reference symbols

[0072] I Bearing 2 Rotor shaft

[0073] 3 key

[0074] 4 drivers

[0075] 5 first ring magnet

[0076] 6 Bar magnet 7 Pad carrier

[0077] 8 second ring magnet

[0078] 9 Anchor disc

[0079] 10 magnetic bodies

[0080] II Coil winding 12 release lever

[0081] 13 Plate part

[0082] 14 fans

[0083] 15 bearing plate.

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Electromagnetically actuated brake, in particular for an electric motor, wherein a lining carrier of the brake is rotationally connected to a shaft, and the lining carrier is arranged to be movable relative to the shaft in the axial direction, in particular parallel to the direction of the axis of rotation of the shaft, wherein an armature disk of the brake is rotationally connected to a magnetic body of the brake, wherein the armature disk is arranged to be movable in the axial direction, characterized in that magnetic bar magnets, in particular magnetized in the axial direction, are accommodated in the lining carrier, wherein a first ring magnet is arranged on a bearing plate of the electric motor, wherein a second ring magnet is arranged on the armature disk.

2. Brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the second ring magnet is received in an annular recess of the armature disc and / or is integrally connected, in particular adhesively connected, to the armature disc.

3. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ring axis of the first ring magnet is aligned coaxially to the axis of rotation of the shaft, and / or that the ring axis of the second ring magnet is aligned coaxially to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

4. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bar magnets are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction, in particular are spaced apart evenly from one another, and / or that the bar magnets each have the same radial distance from the axis of rotation of the shaft and / or are each arranged at the same axial location, and / or that the radial spacing areas covered by the bar magnets are each identical to one another and / or the areas covered by the bar magnets in the axial direction are each identical to one another.

5. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first ring magnet is magnetized in the axial direction, wherein the second ring magnet is magnetized in the axial direction, wherein the bar magnets are each magnetized opposite to the axial direction, or that the first ring magnet is magnetized opposite to the axial direction, wherein the second ring magnet is magnetized opposite to the axial direction, wherein the bar magnets are each magnetized in the axial direction.

6. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bar magnets are each arranged in a respective recess passing through the lining carrier in the axial direction and / or are integrally connected, in particular adhesively connected, to the lining carrier.

7. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that tab areas punched out and / or formed on the lining carrier at least partially encompass the bar magnets and thus limit them axially.

8. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lining carrier has brake linings axially on both sides, wherein the brake linings are arranged radially outside the bar magnets, the first ring magnet and / or the second ring magnet.

9. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first ring magnet is designed to be uninterrupted in the circumferential direction, in particular with respect to the axis of rotation of the shaft, and / or that the second ring magnet is designed to be uninterrupted in the circumferential direction, in particular with respect to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

10. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a coil winding is arranged in the magnetic body, in particular in an annular recess of the magnetic body, in particular the winding axis of which is aligned coaxially to the axis of rotation of the shaft, wherein spring elements supported on the magnetic body press on the armature disk, wherein a first braking surface is formed on the bearing plate on the side of the lining carrier facing the lining carrier or a friction disk is connected to the bearing plate, which provides a first braking surface on its side of the lining carrier facing the lining carrier, in particular wherein the armature disk provides a second braking surface on its side facing the lining carrier.

11. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft projects through a recess of the magnetic body and is connected to a fan on the side of the magnetic body axially remote from the armature disk, and / or that the brake has a plate part which is rotatably mounted on the magnetic body 12. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial distance range covered by the bar magnets overlaps with the radial distance range covered by the first ring magnet or is identical to this, and / or that the radial distance range covered by the bar magnets overlaps with the radial distance range covered by the second ring magnet or is identical to this, in particular wherein the bar magnets are arranged in the axial direction between the first ring magnet and the second ring magnet.

13. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lining carrier has an internal toothing which is fitted onto the external toothing of an annular driver, wherein the driver is connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular by means of a key connection.

14. Electric motor with an electromagnetically actuated brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft is a rotor shaft of the electric motor.

15. Electric motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a loose bearing is accommodated in the bearing shield, the inner ring of which is placed on the shaft and the outer ring of which is accommodated in the bearing shield, wherein the bearing shield is connected to a stator housing of the electric motor, wherein a bearing flange on the side of the stator housing facing away from the bearing shield is connected to the stator housing and accommodates a fixed bearing which, together with the loose bearing, rotatably supports the shaft.

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