Heatable formwork element and formwork system for concreting structural parts

Abstract

The invention relates to a heated formwork element for concreting structural components, comprising the following components: a formwork panel with a formwork skin, a heating element, a panel core, and at least one temperature sensor, wherein a surface of the formwork skin forms a workpiece side of the formwork panel which comes into contact with concrete during intended use of the heated formwork element, wherein the heating element, in particular a heating fleece, heating wire, or heating tube, is arranged between the panel core and the workpiece side and is configured to heat the formwork skin, wherein the panel core absorbs and / or supports a mechanical load acting on the heated formwork element, and wherein the at least one temperature sensor is configured to measure a temperature on the workpiece side;and a control unit which can be connected to or is connected to the temperature sensor for signal transmission and which has a switching regulator for the heating element, wherein the control unit is configured to regulate the heating power of the heating element as a function of a temperature measured by the temperature sensor, and wherein the control unit is arranged, in particular mounted, on a side of the formwork element facing away from the formwork skin on the formwork panel or another component of the formwork element. Furthermore, the invention relates to an associated formwork system and a method for regulating a concrete temperature during the concreting of structural components by means of a heated formwork element or by means of a formwork system.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a heated formwork element for concreting structural components, comprising a formwork panel with a formwork skin, a heating element, a panel core, and at least one temperature sensor, as well as a control unit which is connectable to or capable of transmitting signals to the temperature sensor and includes a switching regulator for the heating element. The control unit is configured to regulate the heating power of the heating element as a function of a temperature measured by the temperature sensor, and the control unit is arranged, in particular mounted, on the formwork panel or another component of the formwork element on a side of the formwork element facing away from the formwork skin. Furthermore, the invention relates to an associated formwork system and a method for regulating the concrete temperature during the concreting of structural components using a heated formwork element or a formwork system.

[0002] Formwork is typically used to cast concrete components. This formwork creates a negative mold of the component's shape, into which liquid or cast-in-place concrete is poured. Once the concrete has hardened, the formwork is removed. The service life of formwork materials on the construction site and the associated costs depend on the concrete's curing time. Therefore, it is crucial to closely monitor and, if necessary, influence the concrete's curing time.

[0003] To reduce carbon emissions in the construction industry, there is an increasing use of concrete with a reduced CO2 footprint. However, such concretes generally have the disadvantage of requiring significantly longer curing times, which delays formwork removal. Consequently, the formwork material is used for a longer period, increasing construction time and resulting in higher costs.

[0004] To reduce the curing time of concrete, or even to make it possible at low ambient temperatures, heated formwork can be used. Such formwork is supplied with energy that is transferred to the concrete poured into the formwork and curing, thus heating it and accelerating the curing process.

[0005] Document CN 105201201 A relates to an intelligent, temperature-controlled, electrically heated formwork element comprising a formwork body with a support plate and a panel, wherein heating wires are located between the support plate and the panel; and an electrical control device comprising an electrical controller and a temperature sensor, wherein the electrical controller is connected to the heating wires or the temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is embedded in the concrete, and the electrical controller serves to detect the signals from the temperature sensor and to switch the heat-generating wires on and off according to the detected signals from the temperature sensor.

[0006] Document DE 20 2021 104 298 U1 relates to a heating and thermal insulation system for a casting formwork during construction in winter, characterized in that it comprises: a heating layer arranged on the outside of the formwork and having a plurality of heating wires; a temperature sensor arranged on the outside of the formwork; a thermal insulation layer applied to the heating layer; and a temperature control system electrically connected to the heating layer and the temperature sensor and designed to control the heating and thermal insulation system.

[0007] It is an object of the invention to provide an improved heated formwork element and an associated formwork system for concreting structural components. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a heated formwork element and associated formwork system with which the formwork system can be flexibly adapted to the structure to be built and the effort required for connecting the formwork elements of the formwork system can be minimized.

[0008] This problem is solved by the doctrine of independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are claimed in dependent claims.

[0009] A first aspect of the invention relates to a heated formwork element for concreting structural components, comprising the following components: a formwork panel with a formwork skin, a heating element, a panel core, and at least one temperature sensor, wherein a surface of the formwork skin forms a workpiece side of the formwork panel against which concrete is in contact during intended use of the heated formwork element, wherein the heating element, in particular a heating fleece, heating wire, or heating tube, is arranged between the panel core and the workpiece side and is configured to heat the formwork skin, wherein the panel core absorbs and / or supports a mechanical load acting on the heated formwork element, and wherein the at least one temperature sensor is configured to measure a temperature on the workpiece side;and a control unit which can be connected to or is connected to the temperature sensor for signal transmission and which has a switching regulator for the heating element, wherein the control unit is configured to regulate a heating power of the heating element depending on a temperature measured by the temperature sensor, and wherein the control unit is arranged, in particular attached, on a side of the formwork element facing away from the formwork skin on the formwork panel or another component of the formwork element.

[0010] A second aspect of the invention relates to a formwork system comprising: a plurality of, in particular 24, heated formwork elements according to the first aspect of the invention; and an energy distributor which is configured to supply the control units of the heated formwork elements with energy, in particular electrical energy or thermal energy, wherein the heated formwork elements and the energy distributor are connectable or connected by means of energy and data transmission connections, in particular electrical cables or hoses, for energy and data transmission.

[0011] A third aspect of the invention relates to a method for controlling a concrete temperature during the concreting of structural components by means of a heated formwork element according to the first aspect of the invention or by means of a formwork system according to the second aspect of the invention, comprising the following steps: measuring a temperature on the workpiece side by means of the temperature sensor; and controlling a heating power of the heating element as a function of a temperature measured by the temperature sensor.

[0012] A formwork skin according to the invention is preferably the outer layer of a formwork panel which, during the intended use of a formwork element, comes into contact with the concrete, particularly via the release agent located between the formwork skin and the concrete, and thus significantly determines the surface of the concrete. A formwork skin according to the invention also preferably serves as a wear layer.

[0013] A heating element according to the invention is preferably configured to convert a form of energy, in particular electrical energy, into thermal energy and to heat an adjacent space or an adjacent component using this thermal energy.

[0014] A control unit according to the invention is preferably configured to compare a physical input parameter, in particular a temperature, measured by means of a sensor with a setpoint stored or calculated in the control unit, and in the event of a discrepancy between the measured parameter and the stored value, to adjust a physical process by means of a switching regulator so that the measured actual value matches the setpoint.

[0015] A temperature sensor according to the invention is preferably configured to measure a temperature-dependent electrical signal and to output the temperature prevailing in the vicinity of the temperature sensor on the basis of this electrical signal.

[0016] The invention is based in particular on the approach that all components of the heated formwork element, including the heating element, temperature sensor, and control unit with switching regulator, are arranged or attached directly to, or even integrated into, the heated formwork element, so that all components of the heated formwork element form a self-contained and independent unit. This makes it possible to optimally control the curing process of the concrete, in particular the curing time of the concrete, individually and according to the conditions prevailing at the respective heated formwork element, and thus to synchronize the stripping time economically.

[0017] Preferably, the signal connection between the control unit and the temperature sensor is wireless. This eliminates the need for a connecting cable between the control unit and the temperature sensor for signal transmission, thus reducing the complexity of the formwork element.

[0018] Preferably, the heating element extends at least substantially over the entire formwork panel. This ensures that the concrete is heated at least substantially uniformly across the entire surface of the heated formwork element and thus hardens uniformly.

[0019] In an advantageous embodiment of the heated formwork element, the temperature sensor is arranged at least partially between the workpiece side and a rear side of the formwork panel.

[0020] According to the invention, the reverse side of the formwork panel refers to the side of the formwork panel opposite the workpiece side.

[0021] The arrangement of the temperature sensor at least partially between the workpiece side and the back of the formwork panel makes it possible, on the one hand, to measure the temperature of the concrete on the workpiece side, while on the other hand the temperature sensor does not protrude into the concrete.

[0022] In a further advantageous embodiment of the heated formwork element, the core of the plate has a recess, in particular a milling, preferably on the side facing the formwork skin, in which the temperature sensor is at least partially arranged.

[0023] Positioning the temperature sensor, at least partially, within a recess in the core of the formwork panel allows for space-saving integration of the sensor directly into the formwork panel. Furthermore, this avoids unevenness in the formwork surface.

[0024] Preferably, the temperature sensor is attached to the core of the panel. This ensures that the temperature sensor remains in a fixed location during the use of the formwork element and that temperature measurements can always be taken at the same point.

[0025] In a further advantageous embodiment of the heated formwork element, the temperature sensor and / or the heating element is at least partially arranged in the formwork skin.

[0026] Thus, the formwork skin, together with the temperature sensor and / or the heating element, can be designed as a single layer.

[0027] In a further advantageous embodiment of the heated formwork element, the formwork plate has an electrical contact element in the area of ​​opposite end faces, wherein the heating element extends between the electrical contact elements and wherein the electrical contact elements electrically contact the heating element.

[0028] Preferably, the heating element is electrically contacted in segments across the entire surface of the heated formwork element. This makes it possible to create cutouts in the entire heated formwork element while still ensuring heating.

[0029] In a further advantageous embodiment of the heated formwork element, it has as a further component a frame structure which reinforces the formwork panel on a rear side of the formwork panel, wherein the control unit is preferably arranged in a space formed by the frame structure.

[0030] The frame structure increases the stability of the heated formwork element and absorbs the mechanical load acting upon it, or rather, supports the heated formwork element. Positioning the control unit in a space formed by the frame structure allows for space-saving and secure integration of the control unit into the heated formwork element.

[0031] In another advantageous embodiment of the heated formwork element, the control unit does not protrude significantly beyond the frame structure.

[0032] A control unit protruding beyond the frame structure of the heated formwork element could disrupt operations on the construction site and could also be easily damaged. By positioning the control unit in a space formed by the frame structure, ensuring that it does not significantly protrude beyond the frame structure, it can be guaranteed that the control unit will not interfere with operations on the construction site, and the frame structure also provides adequate protection for the control unit.

[0033] In a further advantageous embodiment of the heated formwork element, the control unit has a power supply to convert an electrical input voltage into an output voltage, wherein the control unit preferably outputs to the heating element a maximum electrical output voltage of about 45 V to 50 V, in particular about 48 V, or a maximum output current of about 15 A to 25 A, in particular about 20 A, preferably a maximum electrical output voltage of about 45 V to 50 V, in particular about 48 V, and a maximum output current of about 15 A to 25 A, in particular about 20 A, most preferably a maximum electrical output voltage of about 50 V and a maximum output current of about 20 A.

[0034] Operating the heating element at low voltage enables energy-efficient use of the heated formwork element. Furthermore, operating the heating element at a voltage below the permissible continuous touch voltage for adults ensures safe use of the heated formwork element.

[0035] In a further advantageous embodiment of the heated formwork element, the control unit has at least two connections, each of which is designed to be connected to a power and data transmission connection, in particular an electrical cable or a hose.

[0036] This allows the heated formwork elements to be connected to a power distributor for energy and data transmission via power and data connections, in particular electrical cables for electrical energy or hoses for thermal energy. In the case of two connections, the individual control units of different heated formwork elements can also be interconnected via power and data transmission connections, in particular electrical cables or hoses. In this case, only one control unit of the first formwork element needs to be connected to a power distributor. Further control units of other formwork elements can be connected from this control unit.Depending on the number of connections of the control unit of the first formwork element and the control units of the subsequent formwork elements, these can preferably all be connected to the first formwork element or, more preferably, to each other in a series circuit. Hybrid configurations are also preferably possible, in which some formwork elements are connected in series to the control unit of the first formwork element and some are connected in series from the control unit of the first formwork element. By connecting further formwork elements in series, the number of cables or hoses to the power distribution unit can be reduced, thus saving material and improving organization on a construction site. In particular, the individual control units can be connected modularly, enabling flexible use of the formwork elements.

[0037] In a further advantageous embodiment of the heated formwork element, the control unit has a housing which provides at least water resistance according to IPX5 and / or at least protection against contact according to IP6X.

[0038] A minimum level of water resistance and touch protection of the control unit housing ensures the safe use of the control unit and thus of the heated formwork element on a construction site under the prevailing conditions and under possible different environmental influences.

[0039] In an advantageous embodiment of the formwork system, the heated formwork elements are at least partially arranged in groups of two to ten, in particular four, heated formwork elements, whose control units are connected to each other in an electrical series circuit.

[0040] Preferably, only a single control unit of the group of heated formwork elements is electrically connected to the power distributor. This allows for more flexible positioning of the individual heated formwork elements, as not every control unit of the heated formwork elements in a group of heated formwork elements needs to be connected to the power distributor.

[0041] In a further advantageous embodiment of the formwork system, the energy distributor can be connected to the control units of the majority of heated formwork elements, in particular via the energy and data transmission connection, and has a control unit to specify a setpoint temperature to be regulated for the switching regulator to the control units.

[0042] This makes it possible for all control units of the majority of heated formwork elements of the formwork system to be given a target temperature to be regulated for the switching regulator from a central point via the control unit of the energy distributor, without having to individually specify a target temperature to be regulated for the switching regulator to the control unit of each individual heated formwork element.

[0043] Preferably, the target temperature to be set specifies a temperature at the surface of the formwork skin. Since the temperature sensor of a heated formwork element also indicates a temperature at the surface of the formwork skin, this allows for a better comparison between the actual temperature measured by the temperature sensor and the target temperature to be set.

[0044] Preferably, the control unit is configured to specify an individually adjustable target temperature for each control unit of the majority of formwork elements in the formwork system. This ensures that the temperature at different formwork elements, which may have different concrete curing conditions, can be adapted to the prevailing conditions.

[0045] In a further advantageous embodiment of the formwork system, a temperature curve, in particular a time-dependent curve, for the target temperature to be regulated can be stored in the switching regulator and / or in the control unit.

[0046] This allows the formwork system to optimally control the temperature profile of the heated formwork elements and thus the curing of the concrete. A temperature curve for the desired target temperature can be stored, so that the formwork system automatically compares the actual temperature measured by the temperature sensor with the target temperature specified by the stored temperature curve and, if necessary, adjusts the actual temperature to the target temperature using the heating element.

[0047] In a further advantageous embodiment of the formwork system, the energy distributor also has a user interface on which the target temperature to be regulated or a temperature curve for the target temperature to be regulated, in particular a time-dependent one, can be set.

[0048] This allows a user to centrally specify a target temperature for the switching controllers of all control units of the majority of heated formwork elements in the formwork system via the user interface of the power distributor. Preferably, the user interface offers the user the option of specifying an individually adjustable target temperature or a temperature curve, particularly a time-dependent one, for each individual control unit of the majority of formwork elements in the formwork system.

[0049] In a further advantageous embodiment of the formwork system, it further comprises: means for calculating a target temperature to be regulated as a function of the concrete used for concreting and an outside temperature and / or a time-dependent temperature curve for the target temperature to be regulated.

[0050] This allows for the individual calculation of a target temperature and / or a time-dependent temperature curve for the target temperature to be regulated for a wide variety of scenarios, i.e., for a wide variety of concrete types used for concreting and a wide variety of outside temperatures. These individually calculated target temperatures and / or time-dependent temperature curves for the target temperatures can then be specified to the individual control units of the majority of the formwork elements in the formwork system.

[0051] In a further advantageous embodiment of the formwork system, it further comprises a remote control which has the means for calculation and a first data interface, wherein the control unit and / or the power distributor also has a second data interface on which the setpoint temperature to be regulated can be set, and wherein the remote control can be connected to or is connected to the control unit and / or the power distributor in order to transmit the setpoint temperature to be regulated and / or the time-dependent temperature curve for the setpoint temperature to be regulated.

[0052] This allows a user to calculate a target temperature and / or a time-dependent temperature curve for the target temperature from a certain distance from the formwork system and to transmit this either directly to the control units of the majority of formwork elements and / or to the energy distributor of the formwork system.

[0053] Preferably, the first and second data interfaces can be wirelessly connected or linked, particularly according to the Bluetooth standard. This eliminates the need for a connecting cable between the first and second data interfaces, reducing the complexity of the formwork system. This allows the user to wirelessly transmit a target temperature and / or a time-dependent temperature curve for that target temperature, giving the user greater flexibility regarding the location from which they specify the target temperature and / or the time-dependent temperature curve.

[0054] In a further advantageous embodiment of the formwork system, it further comprises a cloud server with computational means, wherein the control unit and / or the power distributor have a third data interface, wherein the cloud server can be connected or is connected to the control unit and / or the power distributor via the third data interface in order to transmit the setpoint temperature to be regulated and / or the time-dependent temperature curve for the setpoint temperature to be regulated.

[0055] Preferably, the cloud server and the third data interface can be wirelessly connected or linked, in particular via a mobile communication standard or a long-range radio network, preferably LoRa. This allows the control unit and / or the power distributor to be configured with a target temperature and / or a time-dependent temperature curve for the target temperature, without requiring a user to be in the immediate vicinity of the formwork system. Furthermore, a large number of users located in various places can access the cloud server and configure a target temperature and / or a time-dependent temperature curve for the target temperature.

[0056] In an advantageous embodiment, the method according to the third aspect of the invention additionally comprises the following step: measuring a pressure on the workpiece side by means of a pressure sensor, wherein the heating power of the heating element is additionally controlled as a function of the pressure measured by the pressure sensor. Accordingly, the formwork element according to the first aspect and / or the formwork system according to the second aspect can have a pressure sensor.

[0057] The pressure sensor measures the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid concrete in a concrete formwork. A decrease in pressure indicates that the concrete is hardening. Therefore, by using such a pressure sensor, the degree of hardening can be determined not only by temperature or the heat introduced into the concrete, but also by a measurement parameter that directly depends on the degree of hardening. This allows for even more precise control of the heating elements.

[0058] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to non-limiting embodiments illustrated in the figures. These figures show, at least partially schematically: Fig. 1 a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a heated formwork element; Fig. 2a a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a heated formwork element; Fig. 2b a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a heated formwork element; Fig. 2c a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a heated formwork element; Fig. 2d a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a heated formwork element; Fig. 3 a representation of the individual components of an exemplary embodiment of a formwork system; Fig. 4 an exemplary representation of the arrangement and interconnection of the individual components of a model embodiment of a formwork system; and Fig. 5 a block diagram of an embodiment of a method for controlling a concrete temperature when concreting structural elements using a heated formwork element or a formwork system.

[0059] Fig. 1 Figure 1 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of a heated formwork element 1 according to the present invention in a perspective view.

[0060] The heated formwork element 1 comprises a formwork panel 2, which has a formwork skin 3, a heating element 4, a panel core 5 and at least one temperature sensor 6, a control unit 7 with a switching regulator 8, and a frame structure 9, which is not shown for the sake of clarity.

[0061] The formwork panel 2 is constructed in layers from the panel core 5, the heating element 4, and the formwork skin 3, with the panel core 5 comprising the majority of the thickness of the formwork panel 2. Specifically, the panel core 5 can have a thickness of approximately 18 mm, and the formwork skin 3 and the heating element 4 each have a thickness of approximately 1 mm.

[0062] The core 5 is preferably made of wood or plastic. Its primary purpose is to absorb and / or support a mechanical load acting on the heated formwork element 1. The core 5 also preferably serves to insulate the workpiece side 11 of the heated formwork element 1, which is heated by the heating element 4, from the cold environment.

[0063] The formwork skin 3 is also preferably made of wood. Alternatively, the formwork skin 3 can also be made of another material, such as a metal or alloy, e.g., aluminum or steel, or a suitable plastic.

[0064] In this embodiment, the heating element 4 is designed as a heating fleece that extends over the entire formwork panel 2. This enables the concrete to be heated uniformly across the entire surface of the heated formwork element 1, thus ensuring uniform hardening of the concrete. The formwork panel 2 has electrical contact elements (13A, 13B) that electrically contact the heating fleece 4. The formwork panel 2 can, for example, have one electrical contact element (13A, 13B) at each of its opposite end faces. The heating fleece 4 extends between the electrical contact elements (13A, 13B), which electrically contact the heating fleece 4. Alternatively, the formwork panel 2 can also have electrical contact elements (13A, 13B, ...) over its entire surface, which electrically contact the heating fleece 4 in segmented sections.

[0065] The temperature sensor 6 is configured to measure a temperature on the workpiece side 11 at the surface of the formwork skin 3, either directly or indirectly. The temperature sensor 6 is preferably a thermocouple, a resistance sensor, or a thermistor. The temperature sensor 6 is preferably attached to the plate core 5, wherein the heated formwork element 1 further preferably has a recess on the side facing the formwork skin 3, in which the temperature sensor 6 is arranged. The temperature sensor 6 can also preferably be embedded in the formwork skin 3 ( Fig. 2b ) or at least partially in a recess of the plate core 5 on the side facing the formwork skin 3 ( Fig. 2a ) arranged. Preferably, the heating element 4 can have a recess at the position of the temperature sensor 6. More preferably, the heating element 4 can then be arranged in this recess ( Fig. 2c ).

[0066] The control unit 7 with the switching regulator 8 is mounted on the back 12 of the formwork panel 2 and is preferably wirelessly connected to the temperature sensor 6. Depending on the actual temperature measured by the temperature sensor 6 and a predetermined setpoint temperature, the heating power of the heating fleece 4 can be regulated by the control unit 7 and the switching regulator 8 in order to adjust the actual temperature of the hardening concrete to the setpoint temperature.

[0067] The heated formwork element 1 can additionally have an opening 14, which extends from the rear 12 of the heated formwork element 1 to the workpiece side 11, so that the temperature sensor 6 or additionally another temperature sensor 15 (not shown), which is in contact with the concrete and / or can protrude into the concrete and can measure a temperature of the concrete directly at a surface of the concrete, can be passed through it ( Fig. 2d ).

[0068] Additionally, the heated formwork element 1 can have a pressure sensor that measures the pressure exerted by the concrete on the workpiece side 11 against the heated formwork element 1, thus providing information on how quickly the concrete can be poured into the heated formwork element 1 without exceeding a maximum pressure specified for the heated formwork element 1. Based on the pressure measurements, it can be verified whether the heating power of the heating fleece 4, regulated by the control unit 7 and the switching regulator 8, produces the desired hardening effect of the concrete.

[0069] If the formwork element 1 additionally includes a further temperature sensor 15 that can protrude into the concrete and measure the temperature of the concrete directly on its surface, the control unit 7 is also preferably wirelessly connected to this further temperature sensor 15. Depending on the actual temperature measured by the temperature sensor 6 on the surface of the formwork skin 3 and / or the actual temperature measured by the further temperature sensor 15 directly on the surface of the concrete, and a predetermined setpoint temperature, the heating power of the heating fleece 4 can be regulated by the control unit 7 and the switching controller 8 in order to adjust the actual temperature of the hardening concrete to the setpoint temperature.

[0070] Additionally, the heated formwork element 1 can comprise another layer on its back side 12, which, for example, has imprints for advertising purposes. Alternatively, the heated formwork element 1 can also be constructed in a mirror-symmetrical manner with respect to the core plate 5, i.e., the heated formwork element 1 comprises on its back side 12 a second heating element 4, a second formwork skin 3, and at least one additional temperature sensor 6, which is also preferably wirelessly connected to the control unit 7 and the switching regulator 8.The symmetrical design of the heated formwork element 1 allows for longer service lives before it needs to be completely replaced, because in the event of a worn formwork skin 3, the heated formwork element 1 can simply be turned over so that concrete is in contact with the second formwork skin 3 located on the back 12 when the heated formwork element 1 is used as intended.

[0071] Fig. 2a Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a heated formwork element 1 according to the present invention. Unless otherwise described, this embodiment is identical in construction to the one described in Figure 2. Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of a heated formwork element 1, in particular with regard to the components and their arrangement.

[0072] In this embodiment from Fig. 2a The plate core 5 has a recess on the side facing the formwork skin 3, in which the temperature sensor 6 is at least partially arranged. The temperature sensor 6 is thus located at least substantially at the interface between the plate core 5 and the heating element 4.

[0073] This embodiment has the advantage that the temperature sensor 6 can be attached directly to the core of the plate 5. This ensures that the temperature sensor 6 remains in a fixed position during the use of the formwork element 1 and that temperature measurements can always be taken at the same location.

[0074] Fig. 2b Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a heated formwork element 1 according to the present invention. Unless otherwise described, this embodiment is identical in construction to the one described in Figure 2. Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of a heated formwork element 1, in particular with regard to the components and their arrangement.

[0075] In this embodiment, the formwork skin 3 has a recess on the side facing the heating element 4, in which the temperature sensor 6 is at least partially arranged. The temperature sensor 6 is thus arranged at least substantially at the interface between the formwork skin 3 and the heating element 4.

[0076] This embodiment has the advantage that the temperature sensor 6 is located close to the hardening concrete and thus the temperature of the hardening concrete can be measured accurately.

[0077] Fig. 2c Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a heated formwork element 1 according to the present invention. Unless otherwise described, this embodiment is identical in construction to the one described in Figure 2. Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of a heated formwork element 1, in particular with regard to the components and their arrangement.

[0078] In this embodiment, the heating element 4 has a recess on the side facing the plate core 5 at the position of the temperature sensor 6, in which the temperature sensor 6 is at least partially arranged. The temperature sensor 6 is thus located at least substantially at the interface between the heating element 4 and the plate core 5. Alternatively, the heating element 4 can also have a recess on the side facing the formwork skin 3 at the position of the temperature sensor 6, in which the temperature sensor 6 is at least partially arranged. In this case, the temperature sensor 6 is located at least substantially at the interface between the heating element 4 and the formwork skin 3.

[0079] This embodiment has the advantage that the temperature sensor 6 can be attached directly to the core of the formwork panel 5. This ensures that the temperature sensor 6 remains in a fixed position during the use of the formwork element 1 and that temperature measurements can always be taken at the same location. Furthermore, this embodiment has the advantage that the temperature sensor 6 is positioned close to the hardening concrete, thus allowing for precise measurement of the concrete's temperature.

[0080] Fig. 2d Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a heated formwork element 1 according to the present invention. Unless otherwise described, this embodiment is identical in construction to the one described in Figure 2. Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of a heated formwork element 1, in particular with regard to the components and their arrangement.

[0081] In this embodiment, the heated formwork element 1 has an opening 14 extending from the rear side 12 of the heated formwork element 1 to the workpiece side 11. The temperature sensor 6 or another sensor 15, in particular another temperature sensor or a pressure sensor, which passes through the opening 14, can be in contact with the concrete through the opening 14 and / or protrude into the concrete and measure a temperature or pressure of the concrete directly on the surface of the concrete or within the concrete. The opening can be provided at the factory or flexibly created by drilling into the formwork element 1 on site. In particular, the heating element 4 is designed such that its function is not impaired by the creation of a hole.

[0082] This embodiment has the advantage that the temperature sensor 6 or the additional temperature sensor 15 projects into the concrete and measures the temperature of the concrete directly on its surface or within its interior, thus enabling precise measurement of the temperature of the hardening concrete. Furthermore, the temperature sensor 6 or the additional temperature sensor 15, which passes through the opening 14 extending from the rear side 12 of the heated formwork element 1 to the workpiece side 11, remains easily accessible from the rear side 12 of the heated formwork element 1 even during its use.

[0083] Fig. 3 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the individual components of an embodiment of a formwork system 20 according to the present invention.

[0084] The formwork system 20 comprises a plurality of heated formwork elements 1. For the sake of clarity, only a single heated formwork element 1 is shown. Unless otherwise noted, the properties and advantages of the elements described in the table apply. Figs. 1 , 2a, 2b, 2c und 2d The illustrated embodiments of a heated formwork element 1 are analogous for the heated formwork elements 1 of the formwork system 20. Fig. 3 .

[0085] The heated formwork elements 1 of the formwork system 20 comprise, as shown in Figs. 1 , 2a, 2b und 2d The figure shows a formwork panel 2 comprising a formwork skin 3, a heating element 4, a panel core 5 and at least one temperature sensor 6, a control unit 7 with a switching regulator 8, and a frame structure 9. For the sake of clarity, not all components of the heated formwork element 1 shown are depicted.

[0086] The formwork system 20 further includes a power distributor 21, which is connected to the heated formwork elements 1 via electrical cables 10 for power and data transmission. The power distributor 21 supplies the heated formwork elements 1 with electrical energy.

[0087] The energy distributor 21 preferably has a control unit 22 to specify a target temperature to be regulated for the switching regulator 8 to the control units 7.

[0088] The energy distributor 21 also preferably has a user interface 23 on which the target temperature to be regulated or a temperature curve for the target temperature to be regulated, in particular a time-dependent one, can be set.

[0089] The formwork system 20 further preferably includes means 24 for calculating a target temperature to be set as a function of a concrete used for concreting and an outside temperature and / or a time-dependent temperature curve for the target temperature to be set.

[0090] Furthermore, the formwork system 20 preferably includes a remote control 25, which has the means 24 for calculating a target temperature to be set as a function of the concrete used for concreting and an outside temperature and / or a time-dependent temperature curve for the target temperature to be set. In addition, the remote control preferably has a first data interface.

[0091] The energy distributor 21 preferably has a second data interface on which the target temperature to be regulated can be set. The first data interface of the remote control 25 is preferably wirelessly connected to the second data interface of the energy distributor 21, in particular via Bluetooth, to transmit the target temperature to be regulated and / or a time-dependent temperature curve for the target temperature to be regulated. The remote control 25 can in particular be a smartphone, a tablet, or a computer.

[0092] Alternatively or additionally, the control units 7 of the heated formwork elements 1 can also have a second data interface on which the setpoint temperature to be regulated can be set, wherein the first data interface of the remote control 25 is preferably wirelessly connected to the second data interface of the control units 7, in particular according to the Bluetooth standard, in order to transmit the setpoint temperature to be regulated and / or a time-dependent temperature curve for the setpoint temperature to be regulated, either alternatively or additionally.

[0093] Furthermore, the formwork system 20 has a cloud server 26 which has the means 24 for calculating a target temperature to be set depending on a concrete used for concreting and an outside temperature and / or a time-dependent temperature curve for the target temperature to be set.

[0094] The energy distributor 21 has a third data interface, wherein the cloud server 26 is wirelessly connected to the energy distributor 21 via the third data interface using a mobile communication standard to transmit the setpoint temperature to be regulated and / or the time-dependent temperature curve for the setpoint temperature to be regulated.

[0095] Alternatively or additionally, the control units 7 of the heated formwork elements 1 can also have a third data interface, wherein the cloud server 26 is wirelessly connected to the control units 7 via the third data interface using a mobile communication standard to transmit the setpoint temperature to be regulated and / or the time-dependent temperature curve for the setpoint temperature to be regulated.

[0096] Alternatively, the second and third data interfaces of the energy distributor 21 and / or the control units 7 of the heated formwork elements 1 can also be configured as a single data interface, wherein the energy distributor 21 and / or the control units 7 of the heated formwork elements 1 can be wirelessly connected or linked via this single data interface to the remote control 25 via the first data interface and the cloud server 26, in particular according to a mobile communication standard, in order to transmit the setpoint temperature to be regulated and / or the time-dependent temperature curve for the setpoint temperature to be regulated.

[0097] Fig. 4 Figure 1 shows an exemplary representation of the arrangement and interconnection of the individual components of an embodiment of a formwork system 20 according to the present invention.

[0098] In the exemplary embodiment of a formwork system 20 made of Fig. 4 The formwork system comprises 20 individual heated formwork elements. 1. Unless otherwise noted, the properties and advantages of the elements described in the following apply. Figs. 1 , 2a, 2b, 2c und 2d The illustrated embodiments of a heated formwork element 1, or the properties and advantages of the one described in Fig. 3 illustrated embodiment of a formwork system 20 analogous for the heated formwork elements 1 or for the formwork system 20 made of Fig. 4 .

[0099] The heated formwork elements 1 of the formwork system 20 comprise, as shown in Figs. 1 , 2a, 2b, 2c , 2d and 3The figures show a formwork panel 2 comprising a formwork skin 3, a heating element 4, a panel core 5 and at least one temperature sensor 6, a control unit 7 with a switching regulator 8, and a frame structure 9. For the sake of clarity, not all components of the heated formwork elements 1 shown are depicted.

[0100] The heated formwork elements 1 of the formwork system 20 are arranged in six separate groups of four heated formwork elements 1 each, the control units 7 of which are connected to each other in an electrical series circuit. This means that the power distributor 21 is connected via electrical cables 10 to the control units 7 of a total of six "first" heated formwork elements 1a. The control unit 7 of each "first" heated formwork element 1a is connected via an electrical cable 10 to one control unit 7 of each "second" heated formwork element 1b. The control unit 7 of each "second" heated formwork element 1b is in turn connected via an electrical cable 10 to one control unit 7 of each "third" heated formwork element 1c. The control unit 7 of each "third" heated formwork element 1c is in turn connected via an electrical cable 10 to a control unit 7 of each "fourth" heated formwork element 1d.

[0101] The power distributor 21 of the formwork system 20 has a nominal input voltage of 400 V and a nominal input current of 32 A. Furthermore, the power distributor 21 includes a power supply unit to convert an electrical input voltage into an output voltage, whereby the power distributor 21 outputs a maximum electrical output voltage of approximately 230 V and a maximum output current of approximately 16 A to the control units 7.

[0102] The control unit 7 of each individual heated formwork element 1 has a power supply to convert an electrical input voltage into an output voltage, with the control unit 7 supplying to the heating element 4 a maximum electrical output voltage of about 50 V and a maximum output current of about 20 A.

[0103] Fig. 5 Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of a method 100 for controlling a concrete temperature when concreting structural elements by means of a heated formwork element 1 or by means of a formwork system 20 according to the present invention.

[0104] In a first process step 101 of process 100, the temperature of the concrete on the workpiece side 12 of the heated formwork element 1 is measured using the temperature sensor 6. The temperature sensor 6 is preferably a temperature sensor 6 integrated into the heated formwork element 1.

[0105] This measured actual temperature of the concrete can then be compared with a predetermined target temperature of the concrete.

[0106] The comparison of the measured actual temperature of the concrete can be carried out, for example, with a target temperature of the concrete stored in the switching controller 8 of the heated formwork element 1 or in the control unit 22 of the energy distributor 21 of the formwork system 20, or with a temperature curve for the target temperature of the concrete to be regulated, in particular a time-dependent one.

[0107] Preferably, the measured actual temperature of the concrete is compared with a target temperature of the concrete to be regulated or a time-dependent temperature curve for the target temperature of the concrete to be regulated, which was calculated as a function of a concrete used for concreting and an outside temperature.

[0108] In a second process step 102 of process 100, the heating power of the heating element 4 of the heated formwork element 1 is then regulated as a function of the actual temperature of the concrete measured by the temperature sensor 6 and a predetermined target temperature. In particular, the heating power of the heating element 4 of the heated formwork element 1 is regulated such that the measured actual temperature of the concrete is adjusted to the predetermined target temperature of the concrete.

[0109] It should be noted that the embodiments described are merely examples and are not intended to restrict the scope of protection, application, or structure in any way. Rather, the preceding description provides the person skilled in the art with a guideline for implementing at least one embodiment, whereby various modifications, particularly with regard to the function and arrangement of the described components, can be made without departing from the scope of protection as defined in the claims and these equivalent combinations of features. Bezugszeichenliste:

[0110] 1 Heated formwork element 2 Formwork panel 3 Formwork skin 4 Heating element 5 Panel core 6 Temperature sensor 7 Control unit 8 Switching controller 9 Frame structure 10 Power and data transmission connection 11 Workpiece side 12 Back 13A, 13B Electrical contact element 14 Opening 15 Additional temperature sensor 20 Formwork system 21 Power distributor 22 Control unit 23 User interface 24 Means for calculating the target temperature 25 Remote control 26 Cloud server

Claims

1. Heatable formwork element (1) for concreting structural components, comprising the following components: a formwork panel (2) with a formwork skin (3), a heating element (4), a panel core (5) and at least one temperature sensor (6), wherein a surface (11) of the formwork skin (3) forms a workpiece side of the formwork panel (2) against which concrete is in contact during intended use of the heated formwork element (1), wherein the heating element (4), in particular a heating fleece, heating wire or a heating tube, is arranged between the panel core (5) and the workpiece side and is configured to heat the formwork skin (3), wherein the panel core (5) absorbs and / or supports a mechanical load acting on the heated formwork element (1), wherein the at least one temperature sensor (6) is configured to measure a temperature on the workpiece side;and a control unit (7) which is connectable to or has a signal transmission connection with the temperature sensor (6) and which has a switching regulator (8) for the heating element (4), wherein the control unit (7) is configured to regulate the heating power of the heating element (4) as a function of a temperature measured by the temperature sensor (6), and wherein the control unit (7) is arranged, in particular attached, on a side of the formwork element (1) facing away from the formwork skin (3) on the formwork panel (2) or another component of the formwork element (1).

2. Heatable formwork element (1) according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is arranged at least partially between the workpiece side and a rear side of the formwork panel (2).

3. Heatable formwork element (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plate core (5) has a recess, in particular a milling, preferably on the side facing the formwork skin (3), in which the temperature sensor (6) is at least partially arranged.

4. Heatable formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature sensor (6) and / or the heating element (4) are arranged at least partially in the formwork skin (3).

5. Heatable formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the formwork plate (2) has an electrical contact element (13A, 13B) in the area of ​​opposite end faces, wherein the heating element (4) extends between the electrical contact elements (13A, 13B) and wherein the electrical contact elements (13A, 13B) electrically contact the heating element (4).

6. Heatable formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, which further comprises a frame structure (9) which reinforces the formwork panel (2) on a rear side of the formwork panel (2), wherein the control unit (7) is preferably arranged in a space formed by the frame structure (9).

7. Heatable formwork element (1) according to claim 6, wherein the control unit (7) does not project significantly beyond the frame structure (9).

8. Heatable formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit (7) has a power supply for converting an electrical input voltage into an output voltage, wherein the control unit (7) preferably outputs to the heating element (4) a maximum electrical output voltage of about 45 V to 50 V, in particular about 48 V, or a maximum output current of about 15 A to 25 A, in particular about 20 A, preferably a maximum electrical output voltage of about 45 V to 50 V, in particular about 48 V, and a maximum output current of about 15 A to 25 A, in particular about 20 A, most preferably a maximum electrical output voltage of about 50 V and a maximum output current of about 20 A.

9. Heatable formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit (7) has at least two connections, each of which is configured to be connected to a power and data transmission connection (10), in particular an electrical cable or a hose.

10. Formwork system (20) comprising: a plurality of, in particular 24, heated formwork elements (1) according to one of the preceding claims; and an energy distributor (21) which is configured to supply the control units (7) of the heated formwork elements (1) with energy, in particular electrical energy or thermal energy, wherein the heated formwork elements (1) and the energy distributor (21) are connectable or connected by means of energy and data transmission connections (10), in particular electrical cables or hoses, for energy and data transmission.

11. Formwork system (20) according to claim 10, wherein the heatable formwork elements (1) are at least partially arranged in groups of two to ten, in particular four, heatable formwork elements (1), the control units (7) of which are connected to each other in an electrical series circuit.

12. Formwork system (20) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the energy distributor (21) is connectable or connected to the control units (7) of the plurality of heated formwork elements (1), in particular via the energy and data transmission connection (10), and has a control unit (22) to specify a setpoint temperature to be regulated for the switching controller (8) to the control units (7).

13. Formwork system (20) according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein a temperature curve, in particular time-dependent, for the setpoint temperature to be regulated can be stored in the switching regulator (8) or in the control unit (22).

14. Formwork system (20) according to one of claims 12 or 13, further comprising: means (24) for calculating a target temperature to be set as a function of the concrete used for concreting and an outside temperature and / or a time-dependent temperature curve for the target temperature to be set.

15. Method (100) for controlling a concrete temperature during the concreting of structural components using a heated formwork element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or using a formwork system (20) according to any one of claims 10 to 14, comprising the following steps: measuring (101) a temperature on the workpiece side using the temperature sensor (6); and controlling (102) a heating power of the heating element (4) depending on a temperature measured by the temperature sensor (6).

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