Working fluid composition
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2024712902
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-03-07
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-14
AI Technical Summary
Existing organic working fluids for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) engines face challenges such as flammability, environmental concerns, and inefficiencies, particularly when dealing with low-temperature waste heat sources, which limits their performance and longevity in converting thermal energy into mechanical and electrical energy.
A working fluid composition is introduced that includes a superwetting agent, specifically designed to enhance heat transfer and reduce friction, comprising an organic solvent with a boiling point between 19 and 60°C and a heat of vaporization between 25-35 kJ/mol, which improves flow and efficiency within ORC engines, reducing flammability and environmental impact.
The composition significantly enhances the conversion of low-temperature waste heat into mechanical and electrical energy, improving the overall performance and efficiency of ORC engines by reducing friction and flammability, while being environmentally friendly and stable over prolonged periods.
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Abstract
Description
WORKING FLUID COMPOSITION INTRODUCTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a working fluid composition, particularly an organic working fluid composition, more particularly an organic working fluid composition for use in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) engine in the generation of electricity from waste heat. In particular, such electricity generation may be achieved by converting thermal energy (such as waste heat) into mechanical energy and thereafter, by means of a generator, into electrical energy. BACKGROUND
[0002] From an energy conversion / generation efficiency and environmental sustainability perspective, it is desirable to capture, harness, and essentially recycle waste heat, produced via a range of processes (industrial or otherwise), to generate power, particularly electric power. Rankine cycles, such as a Steam Rankine Cycle (SRC) or an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), proffer means by which waste heat may be usefully exploited to generate electric power.
[0003] All Rankine cycles work on the basis of transferring input heat (be it purpose-generated or waste) via heat exchange to a working fluid which, upon receipt of sufficient input heat, ultimately expands (typically through vaporisation) through a heat engine (e.g. a turbine) to thereby perform useful mechanical work that may be converted into electricity (the key output). Thereafter, the “used” working fluid may undergo condensation (which may itself yield waste heat that can be recombined with the input heat) prior to its further cyclical use within the Rankine cycle.
[0004] In a typical power station, input heat may be provided by a fuel (e.g. through combusting coal / gas, acquiring heat directly from fissile nuclear materials, etc.). Such heat is then typically transferred via heat-exchange (e.g. via thermally conductive walls of a water boiler) to water, which serves as the working fluid. Eventually, sufficient heat causes the water to vaporise such that steam expands and passes through a steam turbine (which, when combined with a generator / alternator, converts mechanical work into electricity). The steam exiting the turbine is then condensed and returned to the boiler for another round of heat-exchange / electricity generation. The entire process may be facilitated via one or more pumps inline with the water / steam flow; the process may involve pressurization and injection of the water into the boiler, for instance, to permit greater expansion upon heating; and / or the process may involve depressurisation (e.g. under vacuum), for instance, during condensation. Similar processes may utilise waste heat as the input heat, though equipment and various parameters may be adjusted, in a manner well-known to those skilled in the art, to accommodate the relatively lower temperatures of waste heat compared to purpose-generated heat.
[0005] Though water may be used as a working fluid (as part of an SRC) for harnessing waste heat, the relatively high boiling point of water alongside other characteristics thereof creates a challenge, especially for low-temperature (low-grade) waste heat sources that may fail to provide heat at a rate sufficient to for the water working fluid to reach the pressures required to run an efficient engine. Since such low-temperature waste heat sources are far more abundant than high- temperature waste heat sources, an alternative solution is desirable.
[0006] To this end, alternative working fluids, such as organic liquids, may be considered for use in an organic rankine cycle (ORC). Organic working fluids, especially those with lower boiling points, offer a more efficient way to convert low- temperature waste heat into mechanical work, because they permit lower input temperatures to induce expansionary phase changes in the organic working fluid, during the transition from liquid to gas, to provide enough pressure to drive an engine or turbine. Examples of organic working fluids are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrocarbons (HCs) such as isobutane, pentane, and propane, and perfluorocarbons (PFCs). However, most of the aforesaid suffer from various practical (e.g. flammability) and environmental (polluting, ozone- damaging) shortcomings. So, whilst organic working fluids, and corresponding ORC engines, provide an opportunity for harnessing low-temperature waste heat (as well as medium and high grade heat), there are a number of factors and working fluid characteristics that influence overall practicability and desirability. Identifying new organic working fluids with the correct balance of characteristics is far from straightforward.
[0007] WO2006014609 (Singh et al) describes ORC working fluids containing at least 50 wt% of a fluorocarbon that does not containing any chlorine atoms, including specific examples such as 4-trifluoromethyl-1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptafluoro-2-pentene ((CF3)2CHCF=CHCF3) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane.
[0008] WO2014197290 (Kontomaris et al) describes the use of alkyl perfluoroalkene ethers (e.g. methyl perfluoroheptene ether) in high temperature heat pumps.
[0009] WO2016011220 (Bulinski et al) describes the use of certain specific hydrofluoroether olefin compounds in the context of Rankine cycles.
[0010] WO2020065492 (Bulinski et al) describes the use of certain cyclic hydrofluoroethers in heat-transfer applications.
[0011] Whilst US 11, 124,744 (Shellef et al), also WO2019079803A1, describes cleaning solvent compositions (for wet cleaning or vapor degreasing) containing a mixture of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE) and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl- 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, compositions optimised for cleaning purposes are seldom suitable as, let alone optimised for use as, working fluids in the context of ORC engines (especially where the ORC engine is specifically either a Pelton, Curtis, and / or Rateau engine), not least because such compositions are highly unlikely to offer the correct balance of characteristics in both applications given the huge dissimilarities between the respective applications. The balance of characteristics and requirements for an ORC-type working fluid are more elusive than those for a cleaning fluid.
[0012] Likewise, US 8,877,087 (Marhold et al) describes cleaning / degreasing compositions containing trans-1,2- dichloroethylene and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane.
[0013] WO2018165623 (Petrov et al) describes compositions containing partially fluorinated epoxides and / or one or more perfluorinated epoxides.
[0014] WO2019067113 (Smith et al) describes compositions containing significant quantities of a hydrofluorocarboximidate.
[0015] WO2019022140 (Masato et al) describes compositions containing 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
[0016] WO2019022138 (Masato et al) describes compositions containing 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and (E) - 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
[0017] In the context of ORC engines, many organic working fluids of the prior art can fall short in terms of overall performance and efficiency, especially over prolongued periods of engine operation. It is thought that undesirable levels of turbulent flow and friction can be a contributing factor.
[0018] It is an object of the present invention to solve at least one of the problems inherent with the prior art.
[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic working fluid, suitably an alternative organic working fluid to those of the prior art.
[0020] Another object of the present invention is to provide an alternative organic working fluid that is especially applicable and / or advantageous in the context of ORC engines in general and / or Pelton, Curtis, and / or Rateau engines in particular.
[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic working fluid with good characteristics (suitably comparable or improved compared to those of the prior art), especially in the context of their use in an ORC engines in general and / or Pelton, Curtis, and / or Rateau engines in particular.
[0022] Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic working fluid with at least one, preferably a plurality, of good characteristics (suitably comparable or improved compared to those of the prior art), especially in the context of their use in an ORC engines in general and / or Pelton, Curtis, and / or Rateau engines in particular.
[0023] Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine that converts thermal energy (suitably thermal energy from a relatively low-temperature waste heat source) into another form of energy, such as mechanical energy and / or electrical energy.
[0024] Another object of the present invention is to provide an alternative machine (with comparable or improved characteristics compared to those of the prior art) that converts thermal energy (suitably thermal energy from a relatively low-temperature waste heat source) into another form of energy, such as mechanical energy and / or electrical energy.
[0025] Another object of the present invention is to provide an ORC engine, suitably an alternative ORC engine to those of the prior art, suitably with (one or more) comparable or improved characteristics compared to those of the prior art.
[0026] Another object of the present invention is to provide a Pelton, Curtis, and / or Rateau engine, suitably an alternative Pelton, Curtis, and / or Rateau engine to those of the prior art, suitably with (one or more) comparable or improved characteristics compared to those of the prior art.
[0027] Another object of the invention is high levels of overall performance and / or overall efficiency of a working fluid within an operational ORC engine, especially when said ORC is operated for prolonged periods.
[0028] Another object of the invention is improved flow of working fluids (and vaporised forms thereof) through an ORC engine, and preferably reduced turbulant flow and / or friction. Improved flow can yield improved electrical output of an ORC engine, and thus improved efficiency.
[0029] Another object of the invention is to reduce flammability risks during operation of ORC engines, suitably by reducing any static build up.
[0030] Another object of the invention is protecting the internal parts of an ORC engine, especially during prolonged operation. This may, in particular, include protecting tubine blades against premature wear. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0031] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a working fluid composition. The working fluid composition is suitably for use in any of the methods or systems defined herein.
[0032] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a working fluid composition comprising a working fluid and a superwetting agent. The working fluid composition is suitably for use in any of the methods or systems defined herein.
[0033] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a working fluid composition comprising an ORC (organic rankine cycle) working fluid and a superwetting agent. The working fluid composition is suitably for use in any of the methods or systems defined herein.
[0034] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a working fluid composition comprising a working fluid and a superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is or comprises an organic solvent. The working fluid composition is suitably for use in any of the methods or systems defined herein.
[0035] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a working fluid composition comprising a working fluid and a superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is or comprises an organic solvent. The working fluid composition is suitably for use in any of the methods or systems defined herein.
[0036] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a working fluid composition comprising a working fluid and a superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is or comprises a refrigerant. The working fluid composition is suitably for use in any of the methods or systems defined herein.
[0037] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a working fluid composition comprising a working fluid and a superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is or comprises one or more organofluorines. The working fluid composition is suitably for use in any of the methods or systems defined herein.
[0038] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a working fluid composition comprising a working fluid and a superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is liquid at SATP, has a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 60oC (preferably 40-60oC), and suitably has a liquid phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.4 g / cm3, and suitably a heat of vaporisation (latent heat) between 25-35 kJ / mol (or 250-350 J / g).
[0039] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a working fluid composition. Such a method suitably comprises mixing together input ingredients / components (suitably when all are in a liquid phase), suitably to form a (substantially) homogeneous liquid.
[0040] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a working fluid composition, the method comprising mixing a working fluid with a superwetting agent.
[0041] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a working fluid composition obtainable by, obtained by, or directly obtained by a method (suitably as defined herein) of manufacturing a working fluid composition.
[0042] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of heat exchange, the method comprising transferring heat (e.g. waste heat) (directly or indirectly) from a heat source (e.g. waste heat source) to a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein), suitably via heat exchange (suitably via a heat exchanger). Transferral of heat from the heat source to the working fluid composition may be direct (e.g. heat is exchanged directly between the heat source and the working fluid composition) or indirect (e.g. heat is exchanged indirectly between the heat source and the working fluid composition via one or more intervening heat-transfers / exchanges; for instance heat may be first transferred from the heat source to an intermediary, such as a heat transfer medium / fluid, and thereafter heat is transferred from said intermediary to the working fluid composition).
[0043] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of generating work from a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein), the method comprising heating the working fluid composition (suitably by performing a method of heat exchange, suitably as defined herein) to cause expansion of the working fluid composition (e.g. through vaporisation / phase-change and / or gas-phase expansion, such as in accordance with ideal gas equation PV = nRT). Expansion of the working fluid composition suitably generates / performs work – as such, expansion of the working fluid composition is suitably harnessed as work. Such work is typically mechanical work.
[0044] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of generating mechanical work from a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein), the method comprising performing a method of generating work as defined herein.
[0045] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of utilising mechanical work from a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein), the method comprising performing a method of generating mechanical work (suitably as defined herein) and utilising / harnessing the mechanical work, suitably to generate electricity (e.g. with mechanical work being performed upon a piston or turbine, preferably a turbine, and ultimately an electrical generator). The mechanical work may be rotary work or may be used to generate rotary motion (e.g. arising from kinetic energy of the working fluid composition) and thus may be used to drive a turbine (and ultimately a generator) or pump. The mechanical work may be linear work or may be used to generate linear motion (from pressure) and thus may be used to drive a piston (e.g. in an engine or in a hydraulic system).
[0046] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of generating electricity from a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein). This method suitably comprises utilising mechanical work from a method of generating mechanical work (suitably as defined herein), suitably using mechanical work performed upon a piston or turbine (preferably a turbine), and suitably ultimately upon an electrical generator to which said piston or turbine is suitably connected, to generate electricity (suitably by converting motion into electricity, as well known in the art).
[0047] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of delivering electricity to a power grid, the method comprising performing a method of generating electricity as defined herein, and transferring and / or making said electricity available to a power grid (suitably via suitable electrical connections to the power grid).
[0048] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of recovering (and / or using) waste heat. This method suitably comprises performing a method of heat exchange, as defined herein, to transfer waste heat from a waste heat source to a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein, optionally directly or indirectly), and thereafter performing any of a method of generating work, a method of generating mechanical work, a method of utilising mechanical work, a method of generating electricity, and / or a method of delivering electricity to a power grid, as defined herein.
[0049] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of harnessing heat from a heat source, the method comprising: (a) passing a liquid phase working fluid composition, suitably as defined herein, through a heat exchanger that is in thermal communication with heat (directly or indirectly) from the heat source; (b) evaporating the liquid phase working fluid composition to form a vapour phase working fluid composition; (c) passing the vapour phase working fluid composition through an expander, wherein said heat from the heat source is converted into mechanical energy; (d) passing the vapour phase working fluid composition from the expander to a condenser, wherein said vapour phase working fluid composition is condensed (or compressed) into the liquid phase working fluid composition; optionally wherein the liquid phase working fluid composition from step (d) is recycled to step (a), suitably via a pump.
[0050] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of recovering waste heat comprising: (a) passing a liquid phase working fluid composition, suitably as defined herein, through (or contacting the liquid phase working fluid composition with) a heat exchanger that is in thermal communication with waste heat; (b) evaporating the liquid phase working fluid composition to form a vapour phase working fluid composition; (c) passing the vapour phase working fluid composition through an expander, wherein said waste heat is converted into mechanical energy; (d) passing the vapour phase working fluid composition from the expander to a condenser, wherein said vapour phase working fluid composition is condensed (or compressed) into the liquid phase working fluid composition; optionally wherein the liquid phase working fluid composition from step (d) is recycled to step (a) via a pump.
[0051] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat transfer system, wherein the heat transfer system comprises a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein) and a heat exchanger in thermal connection with the working fluid composition.
[0052] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a work generation system, the system comprising a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein), a heat exchanger, an evaporator in thermal connection with the heat exchanger and working fluid composition and configured to evaporate the working fluid composition, and an expander (something that makes use of the expansion of the evaporated working fluid composition to perform work / mechanical work, - e.g. a turbine) configured to receive expanded working fluid composition from the evaporator and extract work therefrom.
[0053] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, wherein the system comprises a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein), suitably wherein the working fluid composition may flow throughout the ORC system. The ORC system suitably comprises: a heat exchanger (suitably to transfer heat that is external to the ORC system into heat that is internal to the ORC system, suitably into the working fluid composition); an evaporator (e.g. boiler, from which the working fluid composition evaporates) in thermal connection with the heat exchanger and working fluid composition, suitably configured to evaporate the working fluid composition; an expander (something that makes use of the expansion of the evaporated working fluid composition to perform work / mechanical work, - e.g. a turbine), suitably configured to receive expanded working fluid composition from the evaporator and suitably configured to extract work therefrom; a condenser (or compressor), suitably configured to receive working fluid composition from the expander, and suitably configured to condense (or compress) the working fluid composition; and a conveyor (suitably appropriate pipework, suitably in line with a pump) for conveying the (suitably condensed, or compressed) working fluid composition from the condenser to the evaporator.
[0054] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an engine, the engine comprising or otherwise connected to an ORC system (as defined herein), wherein the expander is connected to a work usage device (e.g. electrical generator) which transforms work into a different form of work or energy.
[0055] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electricity generation system, the system comprises an ORC system (as defined herein), wherein the expander is connected to an electrical generator configured to generate electricity from the work extracted by the expander. The electricity generation system may be anORC engine. The electricity generation system may be a turbine engine. The electricity generation system may be a Pelton, Curtis, and / or Rateau engine.
[0056] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of operating an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, the method comprising providing the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system (suitably as defined herein) and: i. transferring heat (e.g. waste heat) (directly or indirectly) from a heat source (e.g. waste heat source) to the (preferably liquid phase) working fluid composition via the heat exchanger; ii. evaporating the working fluid composition within (and / or suitably from) the evaporator (e.g. to form a vapour phase working fluid composition), suitably with heat transferred during the step of transferring heat; iii. receiving evaporated working fluid composition (e.g. vapour phase working fluid composition) within the expander, suitably such that the expander performs work (suitably mechanical work, suitably which is harnessed to generate electricity, as defined herein); iv. receiving (suitably evaporated / vapour phase) working fluid composition within the condensor and condensing the working fluid composition (suitably into a liquid phase working fluid composition); v. conveying, via the conveyor, condensed (suitably liquid phase) working fluid composition from the condenser to the evaporator, suitably facilitated by a pump; vi. repeating steps i to v, suitably at least once, to form a (suitably pressurised) heat cycle within the ORC system.
[0057] The inventors were surprised to find that the effects of the superwetting agent endure long after using a working fluid composition of the invention (containing a superwetting agent), and that indeed removal of the superwetting agent from a system (or engine), and / or the components (and / or surfaces) thereof, can be extremely difficult. As such, so long as a working fluid composition of the invention (containing a superwetting agent) is used at least once within a system, apparatus, machine, or method of the invention, the advantages of the invention can be reaped by further using the same system, apparatus, machine, or method but with any working fluid composition (whether or not it contains a superwetting agent), especially a working fluid composition that is free of a superwetting agent (including all working fluids of the prior art). This is because using the working fluid composition of the invention at least once suitably causes the components (and / or surfaces) of the relevant systems, apparatuses, machines, to become ”superwetted” following contact of the working fluid composition of the invention therewith. As such any method of heat exchange, method of generating work from a working fluid composition, method of generating mechanical work from a working fluid composition, method of utilising mechanical work from a working fluid composition, method of generating electricity from a working fluid composition, method of delivering electricity to a power grid, method of recovering (and / or using) waste heat, method of harnessing heat from a heat source, method of recovering waste heat, heat transfer system, work generation system, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, engine, electricity generation system, as defined above or elsewhere herein (including any of the embodiments of numbered paragraphs E1-E17, F1-F101, G1-G101, and H1-H20), may comprise using a working fluid composition of the invention (containing a superwetting agent) at least once within any of the aforesaid, or at least once in a manner that permits said working fluid composition of the invention to make contact with any, some, or (preferably) all relevant contact surfaces (suitably to impart superwetting properties thereto), and thereafer using a different working fluid composition (preferably one without a superwetting agent) in place of the working fluid composition of the invention. By way of example the method of generating work may be adapted as follows: a method of generating work may comprise heating a working fluid composition of the invention (suitably by performing a method of heat exchange, suitably as defined herein) to cause expansion of the working fluid composition of the invention (comprising a superwetting agent) (e.g. through vaporisation / phase-change and / or gas-phase expansion, such as in accordance with ideal gas equation PV = nRT), and thereafter generating work by heating a different working fluid composition (preferably a working fluid composition that is free of a superwetting agent) (suitably by performing a method of heat exchange, suitably as defined herein) to causeexpansion of said different working fluid composition (e.g. through vaporisation / phase-change and / or gas-phase expansion, such as in accordance with ideal gas equation PV = nRT).
[0058] By way of a further example the method of operating an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system may be adapted as follows: a method of operating an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, the method comprising: providing the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system comprising a working fluid composition of the invention (comprising a superwetting agent), suitably wherein the working fluid composition may flow throughout the ORC system (the ORC system suitably being defined as above or elsewhere herein), wherein the ORC system comprises: a heat exchanger (suitably to transfer heat that is external to the ORC system into heat that is internal to the ORC system, suitably into the working fluid composition); an evaporator (e.g. boiler, from which the working fluid composition evaporates) in thermal connection with the heat exchanger and working fluid composition, suitably configured to evaporate the working fluid composition; an expander (something that makes use of the expansion of the evaporated working fluid composition to perform work / mechanical work, - e.g. a turbine), suitably configured to receive expanded working fluid composition from the evaporator and suitably configured to extract work therefrom; a condenser (or compressor), suitably configured to receive working fluid composition from the expander, and suitably configured to condense (or compress) the working fluid composition; and a conveyor (suitably appropriate pipework, suitably in line with a pump) for conveying the (suitably condensed, or compressed) working fluid composition from the condenser to the evaporator and: i. transferring heat (e.g. waste heat) (directly or indirectly) from a heat source (e.g. waste heat source) to the (preferably liquid phase) working fluid composition via the heat exchanger; ii. evaporating the working fluid composition within (and / or suitably from) the evaporator (e.g. to form a vapour phase working fluid composition), suitably with heat transferred during the step of transferring heat; iii. receiving evaporated working fluid composition (e.g. vapour phase working fluid composition) within the expander, suitably such that the expander performs work (suitably mechanical work, suitably which is harnessed to generate electricity, as defined herein); iv. receiving (suitably evaporated / vapour phase) working fluid composition within the condensor and condensing the working fluid composition (suitably into a liquid phase working fluid composition); v. conveying, via the conveyor, condensed (suitably liquid phase) working fluid composition from the condenser to the evaporator, suitably facilitated by a pump; repeating steps i to v, suitably at least once, to form a (suitably pressurised) heat cycle within the ORC system; and replacing the working fluid composition of the invention with a different working fluid composition (preferably a working fluid composition that is free of a superwetting agent) and continuing to perform the aforesaid method with the different working fluid composition in place of the working fluid composition of the invention.
[0059] Basically, any method of heat exchange, method of generating work from a working fluid composition, method of generating mechanical work from a working fluid composition, method of utilising mechanical work from a working fluid composition, method of generating electricity from a working fluid composition, method of delivering electricity to a power grid, method of recovering (and / or using) waste heat, method of harnessing heat from a heat source, method of recovering waste heat, heat transfer system, work generation system, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, engine, electricity generation system, as defined above or elsewhere herein (including any of the embodiments of numbered paragraphs E1-E17, F1-F101, G1-G101, and H1-H20), may further comprise replacing the working fluid composition of the invention (containing a superwetting agent), suitably after using the aforesaid at least once, with a different working fluid composition (preferably one that is free of any superwetting agents) and suitably thereafter further using said method of heat exchange, method of generating work from a working fluid composition, method of generating mechanical work from a working fluid composition, method of utilising mechanical work from a working fluid composition, method of generating electricity from a working fluid composition, method of delivering electricity to a power grid, method of recovering (and / or using) waste heat, method of harnessing heat from a heat source, method of recovering waste heat, heat transfer system, work generation system, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, engine, electricity generation system, as defined above or elsewhere herein (including any of the embodiments of numbered paragraphs E1-E17, F1-F101, G1-G101, and H1-H20) with the different working fluid composition instead of the working fluid composition of the invention. Any method of heat exchange, method of generating work from a working fluid composition, method of generating mechanical work from a working fluid composition, method of utilising mechanical work from a working fluid composition, method of generating electricity from a working fluid composition, method of delivering electricity to a power grid, method of recovering (and / or using) waste heat, method of harnessing heat from a heat source, method of recovering waste heat, heat transfer system, work generation system, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, engine, electricity generation system, as defined above or elsewhere herein (including any of the embodiments of numbered paragraphs E1-E17, F1-F101, G1-G101, and H1-H20), encompasses where repeated use of the same is continued with a different working fluid composition from to the working fluid composition of the invention, because the advantages of the present invention are still realised insodoing. Running a heat transfer system, work generation system, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, engine, or electricity generation system, on a working fluid composition of the invention (with superwetting agent) may be considered a method of manufacturing (or a final step in a method of manufacturing) such a heat transfer system, work generation system, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, engine, or electricity generation system or any such similar system or machine defined herein.
[0060] Any features, including optional, suitable, and preferred features, described in relation to any particular aspect of the invention may also be features, including optional, suitable and preferred features, of any other aspect of the present invention unless incompatible therewith.
[0061] Any of the aforementioned aspects may draw upon any of the features and / or embodiments of numbered paragraphs A1-A24, B1-B90, C1-C184, D1-D378, E1-E17, F1-F101, G1-G101, and H1-H20. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0062] For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how embodiments of the same are put into effect, reference is now made, by way of example, to the following diagrammatic drawings, in which:
[0063] Figure 1 shows a boiler with the trial synthetic drive fluid (SDF) at the correct level, and the heating elements in position before the boiler connections have been made.
[0064] Figure 2 shows a piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) for a boiler used in experimental trials using three different drive fluids (SDF2, SDF3, and water). Some experiments only utilises the boiler section.
[0065] Figure 3 is a bar chart showing, for each of the three drive fluids (Water, SDF2, and SDF3), the Energy IN (in kWh) required for the bioler to react an internal pressure of 20 bar.
[0066] Figure 4 is a graph charting Pressure vs Time (Trial B) for three different thermal drive fluids (SDF2, SDF3, and water).
[0067] Figure 5 shows a piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) for the complete system used in the Turbine Run Trial (Trial C) and Power Generation Trial (Trial D) for three different thermal drive fluids (SDF2, SDF3, and water).
[0068] Figure 6 shows a piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) for the Infeed Pressure & Flow Control Arrangement used in Trial C & Trial D that compared Turbine Run Time (Trials C) and Power Generation (Trial D) for three different drive fluids (SDF 2, SDF 3 and water).
[0069] Figure 7 is a graph charting Turbine Run Time (Trial C) at 10 bar turbine inlet pressures for three different thermal drive fluids, (SDF2, SDF 3 and water).
[0070] Figure 8 is a graph charting Power Generated (Trial D) at 10 bar turbine inlet pressures for three different thermal drive fluids, (SDF2, SDF 3 and water).
[0071] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating turbulent flow between two narrowly aligned parallel plates.
[0072] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating lamina flow between two narrowly aligned parallel plates.
[0073] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram, with associated values and parameters, of the simulation model ORC system running cyclopentane as the working fluid.
[0074] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram, with associated values and parameters, of the simulation model ORC system running SDF2 as the working fluid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION DEFINITIONS
[0075] Unless otherwise stated, the following terms used in the specification and claims have the following meanings set out below.
[0076] Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words “comprise” and “contain” and variations of them mean “including but not limited to”, and they are not intended to (and do not) exclude other moieties, additives, components, integers or steps. Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the singular encompasses the plural unless the context otherwise requires. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification is to be understood as contemplating plurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.
[0077] Features, integers, characteristics, compounds, chemical moieties or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment or example of the invention are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and / or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and / or steps are mutually exclusive. The invention is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.
[0078] The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.
[0079] For the avoidance of doubt, it is hereby stated that the information disclosed earlier in this specification under the heading “Background” is relevant to the invention and is to be read as part of the disclosure of the invention.
[0080] Unless stated otherwise, any reference herein to an “average” value is intended to relate to the mean value.
[0081] Unless otherwise stated, wherever a dependent claim / paragraph depends upon a stipulated claim / paragraph “…or any other claims / paragraphs dependent thereon” (or similar such language, e.g. “the composition as defined in paragraph A1 or any preceding paragraphs dependent thereon”), such “other claims / paragraphs” suitably include any claims / paragraphs that depend directly or indirectly (i.e. via one or more other dependencies) on the stipulated claim / paragraph.
[0082] A “composition” typically comprises components and ingredients. Ingredients may also be referred to as components, and may be used interchangeably, especially in respect of compositions.
[0083] Herein, the term “component” is often used interchangeably with the term “ingredient”, especially in the context of compositions. A component / ingredient may be a specific component / ingredient or a general component / ingredient (e.g. ingredient class). An ingredient (or component) may in itself be composed of (or comprise) a plurality of ingredients (e.g. sub-ingredients). As such, any general principles defined herein in respect of a composition (e.g. amounts; the notion of a composition consisting essentially of one or more components – this may equally apply to a component with sub- components / sub-ingredients) may also be applicable to a component capable itself of comprising a plurality of sub- components. The term "component" may, however, relate to a generalised part of a composition – e.g. organofluorine component, diluent component – and such a "component" may comprise or consist of one or more sub-components and / or ingredients.
[0084] Herein, amounts stipulated for components and ingredients, whether specified in terms of “parts”, ppm (parts per million), percentages (%, e.g. wt%), or ratios, are intended to be by weight, unless stated otherwise.
[0085] Where the quantity or concentration of a particular component of a given composition is specified as a weight percentage (wt% or %w / w), said weight percentage refers to the percentage of said component by weight relative to the total weight of the composition as a whole. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the sum of weight percentages of all components of a composition (whether or not specified) will total 100 wt%. However, where not all components are listed (e.g. where compositions are said to “comprise” one or more particular components), the weight percentage balance may optionally be made up to 100 wt% by unspecified ingredients (e.g. a diluent, such as water, or other non-essentially but suitable additives).
[0086] Where a composition is said to comprise a plurality of stipulated ingredients (optionally in stipulated amounts, concentrations, relative molar ratios, relative weight ratios, etc.), said composition may optionally include additional ingredients other than those stipulated. However, in certain embodiments (especially embodiments and aspects defined herein that contain a plurality of ingredients / components), a composition said to comprise a plurality of stipulated ingredients may in fact consist essentially of or consist of all the stipulated ingredients.
[0087] Amounts given herein in respect of any given ingredient class will, unless specified to the contrary, be applicable to any specific ingredient within said ingredient class.
[0088] Herein, where a composition is said to “consists essentially of” particular components / ingredients, said composition suitably comprises at least 70 wt% of said components / ingredients, suitably at least 90 wt% thereof, suitably at least 95 wt% thereof, most suitably at least 99 wt% thereof. Suitably, a composition said to “consist essentially of” particular components / ingredients consists of said components / ingredients save for one or more trace (suitably de minimis) impurities.
[0089] Herein, wherever a composition is said to be “free of [a particular component]” or “characterised by an absence of [a particular component]”, this suitably means that the composition in question is either substantially free or entirely free of said component.
[0090] The term "substantially free", when used in relation to a given component of a composition (e.g. “a composition substantially free of [component X]”), refers to a composition to which essentially none of said component X has been added. When a composition is “substantially free” of a given component, said composition suitably comprises no more than 0.1 wt% of said component, suitably no more than 0.01 wt% of said component, suitably no more than 0.001 wt% of said component, suitably no more than 0.0001 wt% of said component, suitably no more than 0.00001 wt%, suitably no more than 0.000001 wt%, suitably no more than 0.0000001 wt% thereof, most suitably no more than 0.0001 parts per billion (by weight).
[0091] The term "entirely free", when used in relation to a given component of a composition (e.g. “a composition entirely free of [component X]”), refers to a composition containing none of said component X.
[0092] Suitably, unless stated otherwise, where reference is made to a parameter (e.g. pH, pKa, etc.) or state of a material (e.g. liquid, gas, etc.) which may depend on pressure and / or temperature, suitably in the absence of further clarification such a reference refers to said parameter at standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP). SATP is a temperature of 298.15 K (25 °C, 77 °F) and an absolute pressure of 100 kPa (14.504 psi, 0.987 atm). Likewise, if a boiler point is stated without a qualifying pressure, said boiling point is suitably at standard pressure (100 kPa, 0.987 atm).
[0093] Herein, unless stated otherwise, all chemical nomenclature may be defined in accordance with IUPAC definitions. A person skilled in the art of chemistry, particularly organic chemistry, understands how to interpret identities of compounds via a wide range of nomenclature. For example: ^ The term "carbyl" is used herein to refer to a carbon-containing group or moiety, though the term "carbyl" is usually further qualified by a prefix. For instance, "hydrocarbyl" pertains to a hydrocarbon moiety (such as alkyl, alkyenyl, etc.), whereas "perfluorocarbyl" refers to a perfluorocarbon moiety (such as perfluoroalkyl, perfluoroalkenyl, etc.). ^ The term “hydrocarbon” is well understood in the art, and refers to compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only. The term “hydrocarbyl” general refers any aliphatic, acyclic, or cyclic (including aryl) hydrocarbon group, suitably with no heteroatoms. Such compounds include, inter alia, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, arenes, and cyclic versions thereof. The term “hydrocarbon” anthracene, naphthalene, benzene, and / or derivatives thereof (e.g. toluene). ^ The term “alkyl” includes both straight and branched chain alkyl groups. References to individual alkyl groups such as “propyl” are specific for the straight chain version only and references to individual branched chain alkyl groups such as “isopropyl” are specific for the branched chain version only. For example, “(1-6C)alkyl” includes (1-4C)alkyl, (1-3C)alkyl, propyl, isopropyl and t-butyl. A similar convention applies to other radicals, for example “phenyl(1-6C)alkyl” includes phenyl(1-4C)alkyl, benzyl, 1-phenylethyl and 2-phenylethyl. ^ The term "(m-nC)" or "(m-nC) group" used alone or as a prefix, refers to any group having m to n carbon atoms. ^ An “alkylene,” “alkenylene,” or “alkynylene” group is an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group that is positioned between and serves to connect two other chemical groups. Thus, “(1-6C)alkylene” means a linear saturated divalent hydrocarbon radical of one to six carbon atoms or a branched saturated divalent hydrocarbon radical of three to six carbon atoms, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, 2-methylpropylene, pentylene, and the like. ^ “(2-6C)alkenylene” means a linear divalent hydrocarbon radical of two to six carbon atoms or a branched divalent hydrocarbon radical of three to six carbon atoms, containing at least one double bond, for example, as in ethenylene, 2,4-pentadienylene, and the like. ^ “(2-6C)alkynylene” means a linear divalent hydrocarbon radical of two to six carbon atoms or a branched divalent hydrocarbon radical of three to six carbon atoms, containing at least one triple bond, for example, as in ethynylene, propynylene, and butynylene and the like. ^ The term “halo” refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo. ^ Wherever groups with large carbon chains are disclosed (e.g. (1-12C)alkyl, (1-8C)alkenyl, etc.), such groups may optionally be shortened, for instance containing a between 1 and 5 carbons (e.g. (1-5C)alkyl or (1-5C)alkenyl), or contain between 1 and 3 carbons (e.g. (1-3C)alkyl or (1-3C)alkenyl instead of (1-12C)alkyl or (1-8C)alkenyl). ^ The term "optionally substituted" refers to either groups, structures, or molecules that are substituted and those that are not substituted. ^ Where optional substituents are chosen from “one or more” groups it is to be understood that this definition includes all substituents being chosen from one of the specified groups or the substituents being chosen from two or more of the specified groups. ^ Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the nature or sequence of bonding of their atoms or the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “isomers”. Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “stereoisomers”. Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed “diastereomers” and those that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are termed “enantiomers”. When a compound has an asymmetric center, for example, it is bonded to four different groups, a pair of enantiomers is possible. An enantiomer can be characterized by the absolute configuration of its asymmetric center and is described by the R- and S-sequencing rules of Cahn and Prelog, or by the manner in which the molecule rotates the plane of polarized light and designated as dextrorotatory or levorotatory (i.e., as (+) or(-)-isomers respectively). A chiral compound can exist as either individual enantiomer or as a mixture thereof. A mixture containing equal proportions of the enantiomers is called a “racemic mixture”. ^ The compounds of this invention may possess one or more asymmetric centers; such compounds can therefore be produced as individual (R)- or (S)-stereoisomers or as mixtures thereof. Unless indicated otherwise, the description or naming of a particular compound in the specification and claims is intended to include both individual enantiomers and mixtures, racemic or otherwise, thereof. The methods for the determination of stereochemistry and the separation of stereoisomers are well-known in the art (see discussion in Chapter 4 of “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, 4th edition J. March, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2001), for example by synthesis from optically active starting materials or by resolution of a racemic form. Some of the compounds of the invention may have geometric isomeric centres (E- and Z- isomers). It is to be understood that the present invention encompasses all optical, diastereoisomers and geometric isomers and mixtures thereof that possess telomerase inhibitory activity.
[0094] A person skilled in the art is able to readily identify and obtain compounds, such as trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxy-butane / Methyl perfluoroisobutyl ether (HFE-7100), 3-methoxyperfluoro(2- methylpentane), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TetFE-TetFP), methylperfluoroheptene ether (MPHE), and will be well aware of the various synonyms therefor. A person skilled in the art will also readily identify generic definitions such as fluoro-(1-10C)alkyl-fluoro-(1-10C)alkyl ethers, which are essentially fluoro-substituted (with hydrogens of each alkyl substituted by one or more fluoro atoms) symmetric or asymmetric dialkyl ethers.
[0095] Herein, an "organofluorine" or "organofluorine compound" (the two terms being interchangeable), refers to molecules that contain at least one carbon-fluorine bond (C-F). However, the term is not otherwise limited. The term "organofluorine" encompasses fluorocarbons (i.e. perfluorocarbons, which contain only carbon and fluorine), hydrofluorocarbons (containing only carbon, fluorine, and hydrogen), hydrofluoroethers, hydrofluoroketones, hydrofluoroolefins, perfluoroethers, perfluoroketones, perfluoroolefins – the term encompasses many more besides. An "organofluorine component" may be constituted by one or more organofluorines.
[0096] The term "hydrofluoroether" is well understood in the art. Generally, a hydrofluoroether is a dihydrocarbylether (e.g. dialkylether, alkylalkenylether, dialkenylether), each hydrocarbyl group of the ether (i.e. on either side of the ether oxygen) being either the same or different (e.g. whether in length, degree of branching, pattern of substituents), wherein some (i.e. at least one) but not all hydrogens (i.e. of carbon-hydrogen bonds, C-H bonds) are substituted by fluorine atoms.
[0097] The term "hydrofluoroalkyl" (and the more generic "hydrofluorocarbyl") is well understood in the art, and suitably represents the hydrofluoroalkyl radical corresponding to a similarly named hydrofluoroalkane (HFA). As such, a hydrofluoroalkyl group (and thus hydrofluorocarbyl group) includes carbon, fluorine, and hydrogen atoms, and may be described as an alkyl group (or hydrocarbyl group) wherein some (i.e. at least one) but not all hydrogens (i.e. of carbon- hydrogen bonds, C-H bonds) are substituted by fluorine atoms.
[0098] The term "perfluoroalkyl" (and the more generic "perfluorocarbyl") is well understood in the art, and suitably represents the perfluoroalkyl radical corresponding to a similarly named perfluoroalkane (PFA). As such, a perfluoroalkyl group (and thus perfluorocarbyl group) includes only carbon and fluorine, and may be described as an alkyl group (or hydrocarbyl group) wherein all hydrogens (i.e. of carbon-hydrogen bonds, C-H bonds) are substituted by fluorine atoms.
[0099] A particular type of "hydrofluoroether" (HFE) is a dihydrofluorocarbylether (e.g. dihydrofluoroalkylether, hydrofluoroalkyl-hydrofluoroalkenyl ether, dihydrofluoroalkenylether), each hydrofluorocarbyl group of the ether (i.e. on either side of the ether oxygen) being either the same or different (e.g. whether in length, degree of branching, pattern of substituents), wherein each hydrofluorocarbyl group is a hydrocarbyl group with some (i.e. at least one) but not all hydrogens (i.e. of carbon-hydrogen bonds, C-H bonds) substituted by fluorine atoms. A dihydrofluorocarbylether may be rewritten as a hydrofluorocarbyl hydrofluorocarbyl ether, wherein each hydrofluorocarbyl may be the same or different. Carbon chain lengths for each hydrofluorocarbyl group may be denoted in the standard manner – for instance a (1-4C)hydrofluorocarbyl (1-10C)hydrofluorocarbyl ether denotes an asymmetric dihydrofluorocarbyl ether with the denoted number of carbons but unspecified degrees of fluorine substitutions (so long as there is at least 1 fluorine and 1 hydrogen on each hydrofluorocarbyl group). Likewise, a (1-4C)hydrofluoroalkyl-(1-10C)hydrofluoroalkyl ether indicates that both sides of the ether arehydrofluoroalkyl groups. An example of a (2-4C)hydrofluoroalkyl-(1-3C)hydrofluoroalkyl ether is 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl- 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TetFE-TetFP).
[0100] Another particular type of "hydrofluoroether" (HFE) is an (optionally-substituted)hydrocarbyl-perfluorocarbyl ether (e.g. alkyl perfluoroalkylether, hydrofluoroalkyl perfluoroalkylether, alkyl perfluoroalkenylether, hydrofluoroalkyl perfluoroalkenylether, alkenyl perfluoroalkylether, hydrofluoroalkenyl perfluoroalkylether, alkenyl perfluoroalkenylether, hydrofluoroalkenyl perfluoroalkenylether), wherein the perfluorocarbyl group is a fully fluoro-substituted hydrocarbyl group (i.e. with all hydrogens of C-H bonds substituted by fluorine atoms) and the (optionally-substituted)hydrocarbyl group is either an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group or substituted hydrocarbyl group (with one or more hydrogens of C-H bonds substituted by another group or atom, which may include fluorine) on the proviso that it is not a perfluorocarbyl group – the latter would furnish a perfluoroether (PFE). Carbon chain lengths may be denoted in the standard manner – for instance a (1-4C)hydrocarbyl (1-10C)perfluorocarbyl ether, or a more specialised subset thereof: a (1-4C)alkyl-(1-10C)perfluoroalkyl ether. Examples of an (1-3C)alkyl (2-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether include methyl perfluorobutylether (methyl 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4- nonafluorobutyl ether or just methyl nonafluorobutyl ether) and methyl perfluoroisobutylether (methyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether), which are obtainable as an inseparable mixture in the form of HFE-7100 (also known by the brand name NovecTM7100). Other examples of an (1-3C)alkyl (2-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether include ethyl perfluorobutylether (ethyl 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4- nonafluorobutyl ether or just ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether) and ethyl perfluoroisobutylether (ethyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether), which are obtainable as an inseparable mixture in the form of HFE-7200 (also known by the brand name NovecTM7200).
[0101] The term "perfluoroether" (PFE) is well understood in the art. Generally, a perfluoroether is a dihydrocarbylether (e.g. dialkylether, alkylalkenylether, dialkenylether), where each hydrocarbyl of the ether may be the same or different (e.g. whether in length, degree of branching, substitution patterns), with all hydrogens of each hydrocarbyl group of the ether being substituted by fluorine atoms – i.e. such that there are no unsubstituted C-H bonds. An optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether encompasses perfluoroethers where the optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl is in fact a perfluorocarbyl group (i.e. a hydrocarbyl substituted entirely with fluorine atoms). A perfluoroether may be rewritten as a diperfluorocarbyl ether, or even as a perfluorocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, wherein each perfluorocarbyl may be the same or different. Carbon chain lengths for each perfluorocarbyl group may be denoted in the standard manner – for instance a (1-4C)perfluorocarbyl (1-10C)perfluorocarbyl ether denotes an asymmetric diperfluorocarbyl ether with the denoted number of carbons. Likewise, a (1-4C)perfluoroalkyl-(1-10C)perfluoroalkyl ether indicates that both sides of the ether are perfluoroalkyl groups. Examples of an (1-3C)perfluoroalkyl (2-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether include perfluoromethyl perfluorobutylether (perfluoromethyl nonafluorobutyl ether) and perfluoromethyl perfluoroisobutylether (perfluoromethyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether).
[0102] Herein, unless stated to the contrary or otherwise incompatible in a given context, stipulations of a component, ingredient, or compound, for instance in the context of a working fluid composition, suitably includes said component, ingredient, or compound, optionally in admixture with isomers thereof, especially where said isomers would be practically inseparable. This is especially applicable for hydrofluoroethers and / or perfluoroethers. For example, stipulation of methyl perfluorobutylether (methyl nonafluorobutyl ether) suitably includes inseparable mixtures of methyl perfluorobutylether (methyl nonafluorobutyl ether) and its isomer methyl perfluoroisobutylether (methyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether), which are obtainable as a practically inseparable mixture in the form of HFE-7100 (also known by the brand name NovecTM7100). As such, "a component, ingredient, or compound", especially in the case of a hydrofluoroether (especially alkyl hydrofluoroalkyl ethers), may be restated as "a component, ingredient, or compound, and / or any (substantially inseparable) isomer thereof", though this is not necessary for the same meaning to prevail.
[0103] Herein, a "superwetting agent" is a compound that enhances spreading over a surface, in this case spreading of the working fluid with which the superwetting agent is mixed. A “superwetting agent” is a type of surface active agent (surfactant) preferably which, when a drop thereof is placed on a paraffin surface at room temperature, spontaneously spreads. Superwetting agents may provide surface tensions of between 5 and 75 mN / m at 25° C at a 0.1 weight percent concentration in water. Suitable superwetting agents may provide surface tensions of less than or equal to 55 mN / m at 25° C at a 0.1 weight percent concentration in water, suitably less than or equal to 45 mN / m at 25° C at a 0.1 weight percent concentration in water, suitably less than or equal to 40 mN / m at 25° C at a 0.1 weight percent concentration in water, suitably less than or equal to 35 mN / m at 25° C at a 0.1 weight percent concentration in water, suitably less than or equal to 22 mN / m at 25° C at a 0.1 weight percent concentration in water. Superwetting agents are known and are commerciallyavailable, as described herein. Surface-tension and interfacial-tension measurement methods and techniques are known to those skilled in the art. For instance, the OECD 115 (ring test) may be used. Non-limiting examples of compounds which can qualify as superwetters include silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, acetylenic diols, certain fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, alkoxylated acetylenic glycols, hydroxythioethers, etc.; see also U.S. Patent Nos. 10,552,557, 10,485,739, 10,456,766, 10,415,000, 9,834,699, 8,648,211, 7,264,885, 7,160,373, 6,926,766, 6,645,392, 6,566,322, 6,495,058, 6,475,953 and 6,407,042. Superwetters are commercially available under brand names such as Surfadone®, Silwet™ (Momentive; Waterford, New York), Dowsil™ (Dow; Midland, Michigan), Surfynol™ and Dynol™ (Evonik; Essen, Germany), Easy-Wet™ (Ashland; Wilmington, Delaware), and the like. GENERAL POINTS AND ADVANTAGES REGARDING THE INVENTION
[0104] The present invention contributes to the art an excellent working fluid composition for use inter alia as a thermal drive fluid. The compositions of the invention offer good heat exchange properties which facilitates the transferring of heat (directly or indirectly) from waste heat sources (which are generally of a lower temperature than standard heat sources) thereto. This in turn permits working fluid compositions to generate useful work from said waste heat sources. Such work may inter alia include mechanical work, such as linear motion (e.g. driven by increases in pressure afforded to the working fluid compositions following heat transfers thereto) and / or rotary motion (e.g. driven by kinetic energy afforded to the working fluid compositions following heat transfers thereto, especially via the vaporization thereof, which is readily achievable with relative low heat inputs as a consequence of the excellent properties of the working fluid compositions of the invention). Such mechanical work may be advantageously harnessed to generate electricity, for instance, through transmitting rotary work upon a turbine to an electrical generator, following which the working fluid compositions may be reused within a continuous heat cycle. Electricity generated from the work done by working fluid compositions of the invention may then be stored and / or fed into a power grid.
[0105] In light of the foregoing, the working fluid compositions of the present invention provide an excellent means of recovering and using waste heat generated by a variety of processes, including industrial (e.g. chemical, petroleum, pulp and power, food and drink, manufacturing, iron and steel, and cement industries, etc) and domestic processes (e.g. domestic heating, cooking, automotive, etc.). The same working fluid compositions also unlock power from other sources (including natural sources) of relatively low-temperature heat (i.e. low-grade heat), such as geothermal heat, volcanic heat, and solar heat.
[0106] Advantageously, working fluid compositions of the invention can be deployed very effectively in heat cycles, especially in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). As such, working fluid compositions of the invention are particularly effective in the context of ORC engines, especially Pelton, Curtis, and / or Rateau engines.
[0107] In general, working fluid compositions of the invention are stable for prolonged periods at high temperature of pressure. Combinations of ingredients characterising the working fluid compositions of the invention may mutually suppress decomposition (and self-decomposition) that can otherwise increase at high temperatures and pressure.
[0108] Working fluid compositions of the invention are generally non-flammable at SATP and have reduced or low flammability at high temperatures and pressure. Combinations of ingredients characterising the working fluid compositions of the invention may mutually suppress flammability which can become a particular problem at high temperatures and pressure, especially in the presence of a sparking risk.
[0109] Working fluid compositions of the invention are generally compatible, often for long periods at elevated temperatures and pressure, with the internal components of an ORC engine or apparatus.
[0110] Working fluid compositions of the invention, especially when used in the context of ORC engines, provide excellent overall performance and efficiency, especially over prolongued periods of operation. It is thought that the working fluid compositions of the invention enjoy improved flow through an ORC system, possibly as a result of enhanced vapour-phase ability to coat, penetrate, and lubricate surfaces which may otherwise cause drag / friction leading to turbulant flow. Such drag / friction reduction is also thought to mitigate against static build up which could otherwise lead to ignition of flammablefluids. Such effective vapour-phase coating of external surfaces within an ORC engine (e.g. turbine) also helps protect key components (such as a turbine) against premature wear, especially during prolonoged operation, thereby reducing maintenance burdens. These advantages are considered especially surprising given that, within the context of an ORC engine, they are brought about through vaporisation of the working fluid composition (especially as any superwetting agent contained therein typically has a high boiling point).
[0111] Working fluid compositions of the invention are generally less susceptible to cavitation (bubble formation) which can otherwise hinder flow rates and / or cause damage to important components (e.g. pump) upon bursting.
[0112] Working fluid compositions of the invention generally have a low heat of vaporisation.
[0113] Working fluid compositions of the invention are generally capable of generating significant amounts of kinetic energy following vaporisation, especially at high temperatures and pressure, thus facilitating power generation.
[0114] Working fluid compositions of the invention generally have a low environmental impact, especially a low ozone depletion potential (ODP) and low global warming potential (GWP).
[0115] Working fluid compositions of the invention are generally safe and easy to store, transport, and handle. WORKING FLUID COMPOSITION
[0116] The present invention provides a working fluid composition, suitably for use in any of the methods or systems as defined herein. Such working fluid compositions are suitably especially useful for heat exchange and / or power generation, especially electrical power generation. The working fluid composition is suitably as defined herein, especially as defined in aspects and embodiments of a working fluid composition. The working fluid compositions, as defined herein, may be labelled "a heat transfer fluid composition" or a "thermal drive fluid composition". Other suitable and appropriate labels will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
[0117] The working fluid composition is preferably a liquid (at SATP) working fluid composition.
[0118] The working fluid composition preferably comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a working fluid and a superwetting agent.
[0119] The working fluid is suitably a separate component to any superwetting agent defined herein. A skilled person will recognise how concentrations, defined herein, for particular components or compounds within the working fluid can be translated into corresponding concentrations of the same within an overall working fluid composition when the superwetting agent is accounted for. For instance, if a working fluid composition contains 98 wt% working fluid (which itself contains 50 wt% component A + 50 wt% component B) and 2 wt% superwetting agent (100 wt% component C), then the overall working fluid composition contains 49 wt% component A, 49 wt% component B, and 2 wt% component C. The skilled person may likewise translate relevant concentrations when the term "comprising" is used. For instance, a working fluid composition comprising 50-98 wt% working fluid (which itself comprises 10-20 wt% component A and 10-20 wt% component B) and 0.1- 1 wt% superwetting agent (component C), self-evidently comprises 5-19.6 wt% component A (taking 50% of the minima of 10%, and 98% of the maxima of 20%), 5-19.6 wt% component B, and 0.1-1 wt% component C. In this latter case, the balance of any ingredients (up to 100 wt%) will be constituted by unspecified components / compounds. As such, working fluid compositions defined by reference to a working fluid and superwetting agent may be rewritten in terms of all of their respective components, with relevant concentrations (or concentration ranges) for each.
[0120] The working fluid may be any suitable working fluid (without the superwetting agent herein described), in particular a working fluid which is suitable for use in an ORC engine – i.e. an ORC working fluid. Various suitable working fluids are described herein, most of which are organic liquids (at SATP), though they may be refrigerants. When using refrigerants, they are generally liquidised by compression for use in the evaporator of an ORC engine.
[0121] The working fluid compositions of the invention may be retrofitted to existing working fluids by simply adding a superwetting agent thereto.
[0122] The working fluid composition (suitably as used in accordance with methods and apparatuses of the invention) may be defined in terms of its properties, optionally in combination with other features as defined herein (e.g. in terms of its chemical components and sub-features thereof).
[0123] Most preferably the working fluid composition is liquid at SATP. In alternative embodiments, however, the working fluid composition, or at least the working fluid thereof, is a gas at SATP and is compressed into a compressed liquid during use (e.g. within an ORC engine).
[0124] The working fluid composition preferably has a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 65oC, preferably between 32 and 60oC, more preferably between 37 and 55oC, more preferably between 38 and 44oC, more preferably between 40 and 42oC. The components of the working fluid composition suitably form an azeotrope.
[0125] The working fluid composition preferably has a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 0.9 and 1.9 g / cm3, preferably between 1 and 1.7 g / cm3, more preferably between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3, most preferably between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3.
[0126] The working fluid composition preferably has a relative vapour density (air = 1) between 1 and 7, suitably between 2 and 6, most suitably between 4 and 5.
[0127] The working fluid composition is suitably non-flammable, for instance, suitably no flammable limits are detected when tested according to ASTM Method E681-94. The working fluid composition suitably has no flash point, for instance, suitably no flash point is detected when tested according to ASTM Method D3278-96.
[0128] The working fluid composition suitably reaches reflux quickly, and with minimal input of heat.
[0129] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition (suitably as used in accordance with methods and apparatuses of the invention) is characterised by a combination of any, some or all of the aforesaid properties. In a particular embodiment, the working fluid composition is liquid at SATP, has a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 37 and 55oC (preferably 38-44oC), a liquid phase density between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3, and optionally also a heat of vaporisation (latent heat) between 25-35 kJ / mol (or 250-350 J / g).
[0130] The working fluid composition may be defined and / or sub-defined by any of numbered paragraphs A1-A24, B1- B90, C1-C184, and D1-D378, or indeed by any relevant definitions and / or sub-definitions elsewhere herein. The working fluid composition may be used as defined in any of numbered paragraphs E1-E17, F1-F101, G1-G101, and H1-H20, or indeed as defined elsewhere herein. A - General Aspects and Embodiments of Working Fluid Compositions A) General Aspects and Embodiments Relating to Certain Specific Ingredients, Concentrations, and Features
[0131] The following numbered paragraphs A1-A24 disclose specific aspects and embodiments of the invention, wherein the working fluid composition (suitably for use in any of the methods or systems defined herein) comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: A1. a working fluid and a superwetting agent. A2. 90-99.9999 wt% working fluid and 0.0001-10 wt% superwetting agent. A3. 95-99.999 wt% working fluid and 0.001-5 wt% superwetting agent. A4. 98-99.99 wt% working fluid and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. A5. 98.5-99.95 wt% working fluid and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent. A6. 99-99.9 wt% working fluid and 0.1-1 wt% superwetting agent. A7. 99.9 wt% working fluid and 0.1 wt% superwetting agent. A8. 99 wt% working fluid and 1 wt% superwetting agent.A9. a working fluid and a superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 65oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1 and 1.7 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 50 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A10. 90-99.9999 wt% working fluid and 0.0001-10 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 65oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1 and 1.7 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 50 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A11. 95-99.999 wt% working fluid and 0.001-5 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 65oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1 and 1.7 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 50 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A12. 98-99.99 wt% working fluid and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 65oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1 and 1.7 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 50 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A13. 98.5-99.95 wt% working fluid and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 65oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1 and 1.7 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 50 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A14. 99-99.9 wt% working fluid and 0.1-1 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 65oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1 and 1.7 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 50 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A15. 99.9 wt% working fluid and 0.1 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 65oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1 and 1.7 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 50 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A16. 99 wt% working fluid and 1 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 65oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1 and 1.7 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 50 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A17. a working fluid and a superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid, comprising an organofluorine component, having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 37 and 55oC, a liquid- phase density (at SATP) between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A18. 90-99.9999 wt% working fluid and 0.0001-10 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid, comprising an organofluorine component, having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 37 and 55oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A19. 95-99.999 wt% working fluid and 0.001-5 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid, comprising an organofluorine component, having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 37 and 55oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A20. 98-99.99 wt% working fluid and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid, comprising an organofluorine component, having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 37 and55oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A21. 98.5-99.95 wt% working fluid and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid, comprising an organofluorine component, having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 37 and 55oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A22. 99-99.9 wt% working fluid and 0.1-1 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid, comprising an organofluorine component, having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 37 and 55oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A23. 99.9 wt% working fluid and 0.1 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid, comprising an organofluorine component, having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 37 and 55oC, a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). A24. 99 wt% working fluid and 1 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid, comprising an organofluorine component, having a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 37 and 55oC, a liquid- phase density (at SATP) between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3; and wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). Working Fluid
[0132] The working fluid is suitably a part of the working fluid compositions of the invention. Any suitable working fluid may be used. Preferably the working fluid is suitable for use in one or more of the methods or systems as defined herein. Preferably the working fluid is useful for heat exchange and / or power generation, especially electrical power generation. The working fluid is suitably as defined herein, especially as defined in aspects and embodiments of a working fluid. The working fluid is preferably suitable for use in an ORC engine – i.e. is an ORC working fluid. Various suitable working fluids are described herein, most of which are organic liquids (at SATP), though they may be refrigerants. When using refrigerants, they are generally liquidised by compression for use in the evaporator of an ORC engine.
[0133] The working fluid (suitably as used in accordance with methods and apparatuses of the invention) may be defined in terms of its properties, optionally in combination with other features as defined herein (e.g. in terms of its chemical components and sub-features thereof).
[0134] Most preferably the working fluid is liquid at SATP. In alternative embodiments, however, the working fluid is a gas at SATP and is compressed into a compressed liquid during use (e.g. within an ORC engine) and manufacture of working fluid compositions (since a superwetting agent will generally be mixed with a refrigerant working fluid in liquid phase).
[0135] The working fluid preferably has a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 65oC, preferably between 32 and 65oC, more preferably between 37 and 55oC, more preferably between 38 and 44oC, more preferably between 40 and 42oC. The components of the working fluid suitably form an azeotrope.
[0136] The working fluid preferably has a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 0.9 and 1.9 g / cm3, preferably between 1 and 1.7 g / cm3, more preferably between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3, most preferably between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3.
[0137] The working fluid preferably has a relative vapour density (air = 1) between 1 and 7, suitably between 2 and 6, most suitably between 4 and 5.
[0138] The working fluid is suitably non-flammable, for instance, suitably no flammable limits are detected when tested according to ASTM Method E681-94. The working fluid suitably has no flash point, for instance, suitably no flash point is detected when tested according to ASTM Method D3278-96.
[0139] The working fluid suitably reaches reflux quickly, and with minimal input of heat.
[0140] In an embodiment, the working fluid (suitably as used in accordance with methods and apparatuses of the invention) is characterised by a combination of any, some or all of the aforesaid properties. In a particular embodiment, the working fluid is liquid at SATP, has a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 37 and 55oC (preferably 38- 44oC), a liquid phase density between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3, and optionally also a heat of vaporisation (latent heat) between 25-35 kJ / mol (or 250-350 J / g).
[0141] Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 90-99.9999 wt% working fluid. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 95-99.999 wt% working fluid. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 98-99.99 wt% working fluid. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 98.5-99.95 wt% working fluid. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 99-99.9 wt% working fluid. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 99.9 wt% working fluid. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 99 wt% working fluid.
[0142] Suitably, the working fluid is an organic working fluid (i.e. not water, but a fluid containing organic compounds).
[0143] Suitably, the working fluid is a working fluid that is liquid at SATP.
[0144] Suitably, the working fluid is an ORC working fluid.
[0145] Suitably, the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising or consisting of one or more organic solvents.
[0146] Suitably, the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising or consisting of an organofluorine component.
[0147] Suitably, the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising or consisting of an organofluorine component and a diluent component.
[0148] Suitably, the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising or consisting of an organofluorine component, a diluent component, and one or more additional components. Organic solvents
[0149] The working fluid may comprise or consist of one or more organic solvents. The one or more organic solvents may be hydrocarbons. Such one or more organic solvents may be, comprise, or consist of butene, isobutene pentane, isopentane, hexane, octane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, toluene, octamethyl, cyclohexane, or any mixtures thereof.
[0150] The organic solvent(s) may comprise or consist of an organofluorine component.
[0151] The organic solvent(s) may comprise or consist of an organofluorine component and a diluent component.
[0152] The organic solvent(s) may comprise or consist of an organofluorine component, a diluent component, and one or more additional components. Refrigerants
[0153] Whilst generally least preferred, due inter alia to the additional energy required for their compression, the working fluid may be, comprises, or consist of a refrigerant. Such a refrigerant may be mixed with a superwetting agent after having been compressed into a compressed liquid. Thereafter, working fluid compositions which comprise refrigerants may then be used in compressed liquid form (at least within the evaporator) in the methods and systems described herein (e.g. ORC engines).
[0154] A refrigerant may be, comprise, or consist of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), or any mixtures thereof, though these are generally least preferred from an environmental perspective. As such, the refrigerant may be, comprise, or consist of hydrofluoroethers, hydrofluoroolefins, or any mixtures thereof.
[0155] The refrigerant may be, comprise, or consist of R32, R113, R123, R129, R134a, R141b, R152a, R245ca, R245fa, R290, R407a, R422c, R600, R601, R601a, R744, R1233zd, R1234yf, R1234ce, R1270, or any mixtures thereof (where ‘R’ denotes a refrigerant).Organofluorine component
[0156] The working fluid preferably comprises or consists of an organofluorine component. Whilst the working fluid may comprise at least 95 wt% organofluorine component, most preferably the working fluid comprises at most 95 wt% organofluorine component.
[0157] Suitably, the working fluid comprises 0.5-95 wt% organofluorine component. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 1-90 wt% organofluorine component. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 3-80 wt% organofluorine component. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 5-70 wt% organofluorine component. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 10-60 wt% organofluorine component. Preferably, the working fluid comprises 40-60 wt% organofluorine component, suitably 50 wt% organofluorine component. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 5-25 wt% organofluorine component, suitably 90 wt% organofluorine component.
[0158] Suitably, the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 19-90C. Suitably, the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 40-90C. Suitably, the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 29-70C. Suitably, the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 45-70C. Suitably, the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 55-65C.
[0159] Suitably, the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a density (at SATP) between 1 and 2 g / mL. Suitably, the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a density between 1.2 and 1.8 g / mL. Suitably, the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a density between 1.4 and 1.6 g / mL.
[0160] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds. Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds having a boiling point (at 1 atm) of 19-90C. Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds having a boiling point (at 1 atm) of 40-90C. Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds having a boiling point (at 1 atm) of 29-70C. Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds having a boiling point of 45-70C. Indeed, suitably the organofluorine component has a boiling point (at 1 atm) of 40-90C, preferably 45-70C, more preferably 55-65C.
[0161] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more perfluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, one or more perfluoroethers, one or more perfluoroketones, one or more perfluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof. More suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof.
[0162] Suitably, the working fluid comprises 1-90 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 40-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof.
[0163] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl-hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof.
[0164] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluoroalkyl-hydrofluoroalkyl ether, an optionally-substituted alkyl perfluoroalkyl ether, or any mixtures thereof.
[0165] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) (1-5C)hydrofluoroalkyl-(1-5C)hydrofluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1- 6C)perfluoroalkyl ether, or any mixtures thereof.
[0166] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) (1-2C)hydrofluoroalkyl-(1-2C)hydrofluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-3C)alkyl-(1- 4C)perfluoroalkyl ether, or any mixtures thereof.
[0167] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether.
[0168] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally-substituted alkyl perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0169] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydrocarbyl-(1- 8C)perfluorocarbyl ether. Suitably, the optionally substituted (1-4C)hydrocarbyl-(1-8C)perfluorocarbyl ether is selected from an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydroalkyl-(1-8C)perfluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydroalkyl-(1- 8C)perfluoroalkenyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydroalkenyl-(1-8C)perfluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydroalkenyl-(1-8C)perfluoroalkenyl ether, or any mixtures thereof.
[0170] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1- 6C)perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0171] Suitably, the working fluid comprises 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 10-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 40-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0172] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally substituted (1-3C)alkyl-(1- 4C)perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0173] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of optionally substituted (1-3C)alkyl (2- 4C)perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0174] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally substituted (1-2C)alkyl (3- 4C)perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0175] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of a methyl (3-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether or an ethyl (3-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0176] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of a methyl (3-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0177] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an ethyl (3-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether.
[0178] Suitably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of ethyl.
[0179] Preferably, the organofluorine component comprises or consists of methyl perfluorobutyl ether.
[0180] Suitably, the working fluid comprises 1-90 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 10-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 50 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether.
[0181] The aforementioned organofluorine compounds suitably include any isomeric mixtures, especially where said isomers would be practically inseparable. This is especially applicable for hydrofluoroethers and / or perfluoroethers. For example, stipulation of methyl perfluorobutylether (methyl nonafluorobutyl ether) suitably includes, unless stated to the contrary, inseparable mixtures of methyl perfluorobutylether (methyl nonafluorobutyl ether) and its isomer methyl perfluoroisobutylether (methyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether), which are obtainable as a practically inseparable mixture in theform of HFE-7100 (also known by the brand name NovecTM7100). As such, unless stated otherwise, "methyl perfluorobutylether" suitably means "methyl perfluorobutylether and any isomers thereof", or "a mixture of methyl perfluorobutylether and methyl perfluoroisobutylether". Diluent component
[0182] The working fluid preferably comporises a diluent component. The diluent component suitably dilutes an organofluorine component without compromising the overall properties of the working fluid.
[0183] Suitably, the working fluid comprises 5-99.5 wt% diluent component. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 10-99 wt% diluent component. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 20-97 wt% diluent component. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 30-95 wt% diluent component. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 40-90 wt% diluent component. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 40-60 wt% diluent component. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 50 wt% diluent component. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 75-95 wt% diluent component. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 90 wt% diluent component.
[0184] Suitably, the diluent component is a diluent component having a boiling point of 35-80C. Suitably, the diluent component is a diluent component having a boiling point of 40-65C. Suitably, the diluent component is a diluent component having a boiling point of 45-55C.
[0185] Suitably, the diluent component is a diluent component having a density (at SATP) between 1 and 1.8 g / mL. Suitably, the diluent component is a diluent component having a density between 1.1 and 1.6 g / mL. Suitably, the diluent component is a diluent component having a density between 1.2 and 1.3 g / mL.
[0186] Suitably, the diluent component has a relative vapour density (air = 1) between 1.5 and 5, suitably between 2 and 4, most suitably between 3.1 and 3.5. The diluent component suitably has a heat of vaporisation ( ^Hvap) between 10 and 40 kJ / mol, preferably between 20 and 35 kJ / mol, preferably between 25 and 35 kJ / mol, most preferably between 28 and 32 kJ / mol. The diluent component suitably has a heat of vaporisation ( ^Hvap) between 100 and 400 J / g, preferably between 250 and 350 J / g, most preferably between 29 and 33 J / g. The diluent component suitably has a heat capacity of 50-200 J / mol.K, preferably of 80-150 J / mol.K, preferably 100-120 J / mol.K. The diluent component suitably has a heat capacity of 0.5-2 J / g.K, preferably of 0.8-1.5 J / g.K, preferably 1.1-1.2 J / g.K. The diluent component is suitably immiscible with water.
[0187] Suitably, the diluent component comprises or consists of one or more diluents. Suitably, the diluent component comprises or consists of one or more diluents having a boiling point of 35-80C. Suitably, the diluent component comprises or consists of one or more diluents having a boiling point of 40-65C. Suitably, the diluent component comprises or consists of one or more diluents having a boiling point of 45-55C.
[0188] Suitably, the diluent component comprises or consists of one or more organic diluents. Suitably, the diluent component comprises or consists of one or more organic diluents that are different from the organofluorine component or any constituents thereof.
[0189] Suitably the diluent component comprises or consists of trans-dichloroethylene (DCE). Suitably the diluent component is DCE.
[0190] Suitably, the working fluid comprises 5-99.5 wt% DCE. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 10-99 wt% DCE. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 20-97 wt% DCE. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 30-95 wt% DCE. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 40-90 wt% DCE. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 40-60 wt% DCE. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 50 wt% DCE.
[0191] Suitably, the working fluid comprises 75-95 wt% DCE. Suitably, the working fluid comprises 90 wt% DCE. Optional Additional Components
[0192] The working fluid may comprise one or more additional components, suitably in addition to any organofluorine component and any diluent component as defined herein.
[0193] The one or more additional components may be or comprise one or more additives, for instance, one or more additives selected from the group consisting of a lubricating oil, stabilizer, and / or leak detecting substance.
[0194] The working fluid composition may further comprise a lubricating oil.
[0195] The working fluid composition may further comprise a stabilizer.
[0196] The working fluid composition may further comprise a leak detecting substance. B – Specific Embodiments of Working Fluids B) Specific Embodiments of Working Fluids
[0197] The following numbered paragraphs B1-B90 disclose specific embodiments of working fluids for use (suitably alongside a superwetting agent as defined herein) within the working fluid compositions of the invention, wherein the working fluid comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: B1. an organofluorine component; and a diluent component. B2. an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 29 -70C; and a diluent component. B3. an organofluorine component having a density between 1.2 and 1.8 g / mL; and a diluent component. B4. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more perfluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, one or more perfluoroethers, one or more perfluoroketones, one or more perfluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and a diluent component. B5. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and a diluent component. B6. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) (1-5C)hydrofluoroalkyl-(1- 5C)hydrofluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and a diluent component. B7. an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and a diluent component. B8. optionally substituted (1-3C)alkyl (2-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and a diluent component. B9. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and a diluent component. B10. an organofluorine component; and a diluent component having a boiling point of 40-65C. B11. an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 29 -70C; and a diluent component having a boiling point of 40-65C. B12. an organofluorine component having a density between 1.2 and 1.8 g / mL; and a diluent component having a boiling point of 40-65C. B13. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more perfluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, one or more perfluoroethers, one or more perfluoroketones, one or more perfluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and a diluent component having a boiling point of 40-65C. B14. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and a diluent component having a boiling point of 40-65C.B15. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) (1-5C)hydrofluoroalkyl-(1- 5C)hydrofluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and a diluent component having a boiling point of 40-65C. B16. an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and a diluent component having a boiling point of 40-65C. B17. optionally substituted (1-3C)alkyl (2-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and a diluent component having a boiling point of 40- 65C. B18. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and a diluent component having a boiling point of 40-65C. B19. an organofluorine component; and a diluent component having a density between 1.1 and 1.6 g / mL. B20. an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 29-70C; and a diluent component having a density between 1.1 and 1.6 g / mL. B21. an organofluorine component having a density between 1.2 and 1.8 g / mL; and a diluent component having a density between 1.1 and 1.6 g / mL. B22. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more perfluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, one or more perfluoroethers, one or more perfluoroketones, one or more perfluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and a diluent component having a density between 1.1 and 1.6 g / mL. B23. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and a diluent component having a density between 1.1 and 1.6 g / mL. B24. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) (1-5C)hydrofluoroalkyl-(1- 5C)hydrofluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and a diluent component having a density between 1.1 and 1.6 g / mL. B25. an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and a diluent component having a density between 1.1 and 1.6 g / mL. B26. optionally substituted (1-3C)alkyl (2-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and a diluent component having a density between 1.1 and 1.6 g / mL. B27. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and a diluent component having a density between 1.1 and 1.6 g / mL. B28. an organofluorine component; and one or more organic diluents that are different from the organofluorine component or any constituents thereof. B29. an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 29-70C; and one or more organic diluents that are different from the organofluorine component or any constituents thereof. B30. an organofluorine component having a density between 1.2 and 1.8 g / mL; and one or more organic diluents that are different from the organofluorine component or any constituents thereof. B31. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more perfluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, one or more perfluoroethers, one or more perfluoroketones, one or more perfluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and one or more organic diluents that are different from the organofluorine component or any constituents thereof. B32. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and one or more organic diluents that are different from the organofluorine component or any constituents thereof.B33. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) (1-5C)hydrofluoroalkyl-(1- 5C)hydrofluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and one or more organic diluents that are different from the organofluorine component or any constituents thereof. B34. an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and one or more organic diluents that are different from the organofluorine component or any constituents thereof. B35. optionally substituted (1-3C)alkyl (2-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and one or more organic diluents that are different from the organofluorine component or any constituents thereof. B36. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and one or more organic diluents that are different from the organofluorine component or any constituents thereof. B37. an organofluorine component; and DCE. B38. an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 29-70C; and DCE. B39. an organofluorine component having a density between 1.2 and 1.8 g / mL; and DCE. B40. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more perfluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, one or more perfluoroethers, one or more perfluoroketones, one or more perfluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and DCE. B41. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and DCE. B42. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) (1-5C)hydrofluoroalkyl-(1- 5C)hydrofluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and DCE. B43. an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and DCE. B44. optionally substituted (1-3C)alkyl (2-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and DCE. B45. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and DCE. B46. 10-60 wt% organofluorine component; and 40-90 wt% diluent component. B47. 40-60 wt% organofluorine component; and 40-90 wt% diluent component. B48. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 40-90 wt% diluent component. B49. 40-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 40-90 wt% diluent component. B50. 10-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 40-90 wt% diluent component. B51. 40-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 40-90 wt% diluent component. B52. 10-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 40-90 wt% diluent component. B53. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 40-90 wt% diluent component. B54. 50 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 40-90 wt% diluent component. B55. 10-60 wt% organofluorine component; and 40-60 wt% diluent component. B56. 40-60 wt% organofluorine component; and 40-60 wt% diluent component.B57. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 40-60 wt% diluent component. B58. 40-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 40-60 wt% diluent component. B59. 10-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 40-60 wt% diluent component. B60. 40-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 40-60 wt% diluent component. B61. 10-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 40-60 wt% diluent component. B62. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 40-60 wt% diluent component. B63. 50 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 40-60 wt% diluent component. B64. 10-60 wt% organofluorine component; and 40-90 wt% DCE. B65. 40-60 wt% organofluorine component; and 40-90 wt% DCE. B66. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 40-90 wt% DCE. B67. 40-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 40-90 wt% DCE. B68. 10-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 40-90 wt% DCE. B69. 40-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 40-90 wt% DCE. B70. 10-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 40-90 wt% DCE. B71. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 40-90 wt% DCE. B72. 50 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 40-90 wt% DCE. B73. 10-60 wt% organofluorine component; and 40-60 wt% DCE. B74. 40-60 wt% organofluorine component; and 40-60 wt% DCE. B75. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 40-60 wt% DCE. B76. 40-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 40-60 wt% DCE. B77. 10-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 40-60 wt% DCE. B78. 40-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 40-60 wt% DCE. B79. 10-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 40-60 wt% DCE. B80. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 40-60 wt% DCE. B81. 50 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 40-60 wt% DCE. B82. 10-60 wt% organofluorine component; and 50 wt% DCE. B83. 40-60 wt% organofluorine component; and 50 wt% DCE. B84. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 50 wt% DCE.B85. 40-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 50 wt% DCE. B86. 10-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 50 wt% DCE. B87. 40-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 50 wt% DCE. B88. 10-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 50 wt% DCE. B89. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 50 wt% DCE. B90. 50 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 50 wt% DCE. Superwetting Agent
[0198] The working fluid composition suitably comprises a superwetting agent, suitably in addition to a working fluid, preferably an ORC working fluid (comprising an organofluorine component and suitably also a diluent component), as defined herein. The superwetting agent, which typically has a high boiling point, imbues such working fluid compositions with surprising properties that boost their performance in the context of ORC engines and such like. It is particularly surprising that the superwetting agent can have such a positive impact on the vapour properties of the working fluid compositions, given the typically high boiling points of superwetting agents.
[0199] The superwetting agent is preferably soluble in the working fluid, preferably entirely soluble at the concentration in which it is used. As such, the working fluid composition is preferably a solution (preferably a homogeneous solution).
[0200] Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.0001-10 wt% superwetting agent. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.001-5 wt% superwetting agent. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.1-1 wt% superwetting agent. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.1 wt% superwetting agent. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 1 wt% superwetting agent.
[0201] Suitably, the superwetting agent is a superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 50 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). Suitably, the superwetting agent is a superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). Suitably, the superwetting agent is a superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). Suitably, the superwetting agent is a superwetting agent providing a surface tension of between 15-40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). Suitably, the superwetting agent is a superwetting agent providing a surfacetension of between 18-32 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water).
[0202] Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.1-1 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water).
[0203] Suitably, the superwetting agent is a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 150C (at 1 atm pressure). Suitably, the superwetting agent is a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 200C (at 1 atm pressure). Suitably, the superwetting agent is a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure).
[0204] Suitably, the superwetting agent is a superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof.
[0205] Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.001-5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants,fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.1-1 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof.
[0206] Suitably, the superwetting agent is a superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, or any mixtures thereof.
[0207] Suitably, the superwetting agent is a superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS 2687-94-7), a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate (CAS 169117-72-0), Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol (CAS 9014-85-1), 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane (CAS 67674-67-3), a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol (CAS 126-86-3), or any mixtures thereof.
[0208] Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.001-5 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.1-1 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec- 5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof.
[0209] Suitably, the superwetting agent is a superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof.
[0210] Suitably, the superwetting agent is 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone.
[0211] Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.001-5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.01-2 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.05-1.5 wt% 1- octyl-2-pyrrolidone. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.1-1 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 0.1 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. Suitably, the working fluid composition comprises 1 wt% 1-octyl- 2-pyrrolidone. Specific Embodiments of Working Fluid Composition C – Features and Embodiments of The Working Fluid Composition C) Features and Embodiments of The Working Fluid Composition
[0212] According to the present invention there is provided / defined a working fluid composition (suitably for use in the methods, apparatus, and systems defined herein), suitably as defined herein (e.g. in accordance with any aspect orembodiment that defines a working fluid composition or similar such composition). Further features and embodiments of the working fluid composition are set forth in numbered paragraphs C1-C184. C1. A working fluid composition, suitably as defined anywhere herein, including in accordance with any aspect or embodiment. C2. The working fluid composition of C1, wherein the working fluid composition is suitable for use in any of the methods or systems as defined herein C3. The working fluid composition of C1-C2, wherein the working fluid composition is suitable for use in an ORC engine – i.e. an ORC working fluid composition. C4. The working fluid composition of C1-C3, wherein the working fluid composition is suitable for use in heat exchange and / or power generation. C5. The working fluid composition of C1-C4, wherein working fluid composition is a liquid, at SATP. C6. The working fluid composition of C1-C5, wherein the working fluid composition has a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 65oC C7. The working fluid composition of C1-C6, wherein the working fluid composition has a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 60oC. C8. The working fluid composition of C1-C7, wherein the working fluid composition has a boiling point between 37 and 55oC. C9. The working fluid composition of C1-C8, wherein the working fluid composition has a boiling point between 38 and 44oC. C10. The working fluid composition of C1-C9, wherein the working fluid composition has a boiling point between 40 and 42oC. C11. The working fluid composition of C1-C10, wherein the working fluid composition forms an azeotrope. C12. The working fluid composition of C1-C11, wherein the working fluid composition has a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 0.9 and 1.9 g / cm3. C13. The working fluid composition of C1-C12, wherein the working fluid composition has a density between 1 and 1.7 g / cm3. C14. The working fluid composition of C1-C13, wherein the working fluid composition has a density between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3. C15. The working fluid composition of C1-C14, wherein the working fluid composition has a density between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3. C16. The working fluid composition of C1-C15, wherein the working fluid composition has a relative vapour density (air = 1) between 1 and 7. C17. The working fluid composition of C1-C16, wherein the working fluid composition has a relative vapour density (air = 1) between 2 and 6. C18. The working fluid composition of C1-C17, wherein the working fluid composition has a relative vapour density (air = 1) between 4 and 5. C19. The working fluid composition of C1-C18, wherein the working fluid composition is non-flammable, for instance, no flammable limits are detected when tested according to ASTM Method E681-94. C20. The working fluid composition of C1-C19, wherein the working fluid composition has no flash point, for instance, no flash point is detected when tested according to ASTM Method D3278-96. C21. The working fluid composition of C1-C20, wherein the working fluid composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a working fluid and a superwetting agent. C22. The working fluid composition of C1-C20, wherein the working fluid composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of 90-99.9999 wt% working fluid and 0.0001-10 wt% superwetting agent. C23. The working fluid composition of C1-C20, wherein the working fluid composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of 95-99.999 wt% working fluid and 0.001-5 wt% superwetting agent.C24. The working fluid composition of C1-C20, wherein the working fluid composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of 98-99.99 wt% working fluid and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. C25. The working fluid composition of C1-C20, wherein the working fluid composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of 98.5-99.95 wt% working fluid and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent. C26. The working fluid composition of C1-C20, wherein the working fluid composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of 99-99.9 wt% working fluid and 0.1-1 wt% superwetting agent. C27. The working fluid composition of C1-C20, wherein the working fluid composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of 99.9 wt% working fluid and 0.1 wt% superwetting agent. C28. The working fluid composition of C1-C20, wherein the working fluid composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of 99 wt% working fluid and 1 wt% superwetting agent. C29. A working fluid composition as defined in any of paragraphs A1-A24 above. C30. The working fluid composition of C21-C29, wherein the working fluid is as defined in any of paragraphs B1-B90 above. C31. The working fluid composition of C21-C30, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 90-99.9999 wt% working fluid. C32. The working fluid composition of C21-C30, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 95-99.999 wt% working fluid. C33. The working fluid composition of C21-C30, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 98-99.99 wt% working fluid. C34. The working fluid composition of C21-C30, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 98.5-99.95 wt% working fluid. C35. The working fluid composition of C21-C30, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 99-99.9 wt% working fluid. C36. The working fluid composition of C21-C30, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 99.9 wt% working fluid. C37. The working fluid composition of C21-C30, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 99 wt% working fluid. C38. The working fluid composition of C21-C37, wherein the working fluid is a working fluid having a density (at SATP) between 0.9 and 1.9 g / cm3. C39. The working fluid composition of C21-C37, wherein the working fluid is a working fluid having a density (at SATP) between 1 and 1.7 g / cm3. C40. The working fluid composition of C21-C37, wherein the working fluid is a working fluid having a density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3. C41. The working fluid composition of C21-C37, wherein the working fluid is a working fluid having a density (at SATP) between 1.2 and 1.5 g / cm3. C42. The working fluid composition of C21-C41, wherein the working fluid is a working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 65C. C43. The working fluid composition of C21-C41, wherein the working fluid is a working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65C. C44. The working fluid composition of C21-C41, wherein the working fluid is a working fluid having a boiling point between 37 and 55C. C45. The working fluid composition of C21-C41, wherein the working fluid is a working fluid having a boiling point between 38 and 44C. C46. The working fluid composition of C21-C41, wherein the working fluid is a working fluid having a boiling point between 40 and 42C. C47. The working fluid composition of C21-C46, wherein the working fluid is an organic working fluid. C48. The working fluid composition of C21-C47, wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid. C49. The working fluid composition of C21-C48, wherein the working fluid is a working fluid that is liquid at SATP.C50. The working fluid composition of C21-C49, wherein the working fluid (which is preferably an ORC working fluid) comprises or consists of one or more organic solvents. C51. The working fluid composition of C50, wherein the one or more organic solvents is / are, comprise, or consist of butene, isobutene pentane, isopentane, hexane, octane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, toluene, octamethyl, cyclohexane, or any mixtures thereof. C52. The working fluid composition of C50-C51, wherein the one or more organic solvents is / are, comprise, or consist of an organofluorine component. C53. The working fluid composition of C52, wherein the one or more organic solvents is / are, comprise, or consist of an organofluorine component and a diluent component. C54. The working fluid composition of C53, wherein the one or more organic solvents is / are, comprise, or consist of an organofluorine component, a diluent component, and one or more additional components. C55. The working fluid composition of C21-C54, wherein the working fluid (which is preferably an ORC working fluid) comprises or consists of an organofluorine component. C56. The working fluid composition of C55, wherein the working fluid (which is preferably an ORC working fluid) comprises or consists of an organofluorine component and a diluent component. C57. The working fluid composition of C56, wherein the working fluid (which is preferably an ORC working fluid) comprises or consists of an organofluorine component, a diluent component, and one or more additional components. C58. The working fluid composition of C55-C57, wherein the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 19-90C. C59. The working fluid composition of C55-C57, wherein the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 40-90C. C60. The working fluid composition of C55-C57, wherein the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 29-70C. C61. The working fluid composition of C55-C57, wherein the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 45-70C. C62. The working fluid composition of C55-C57, wherein the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a boiling point of 55-65C. C63. The working fluid composition of C55-C62, wherein the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a density (at SATP) between 1 and 2 g / mL. C64. The working fluid composition of C55-C62, wherein the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a density between 1.2 and 1.8 g / mL. C65. The working fluid composition of C55-C62, wherein the organofluorine component is an organofluorine component having a density between 1.4 and 1.6 g / mL. C66. The working fluid composition of C55-C65, wherein the working fluid comprises at least 95 wt% organofluorine component. C67. The working fluid composition of C55-C65, wherein the working fluid comprises 0.5-95 wt% organofluorine component. C68. The working fluid composition of C55-C65, wherein the working fluid comprises 1-90 wt% organofluorine component. C69. The working fluid composition of C55-C65, wherein the working fluid comprises 3-80 wt% organofluorine component. C70. The working fluid composition of C55-C65, wherein the working fluid comprises 5-70 wt% organofluorine component. C71. The working fluid composition of C55-C65, wherein the working fluid comprises 10-60 wt% organofluorine component.C72. The working fluid composition of C55-C65, wherein the working fluid comprises 40-60 wt% organofluorine component. C73. The working fluid composition of C55-C65, wherein the working fluid comprises 50 wt% organofluorine component. C74. The working fluid composition of C55-C65, wherein the working fluid comprises 5-25 wt% organofluorine component. C75. The working fluid composition of C55-C65, wherein the working fluid comprises 10 wt% organofluorine component. C76. The working fluid composition of C55-C75, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds. C77. The working fluid composition of C55-C75, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds having a boiling point of 19-90C. C78. The working fluid composition of C55-C75, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds having a boiling point of 40-90C. C79. The working fluid composition of C55-C75, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds having a boiling point of 29-70C. C80. The working fluid composition of C55-C75, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds having a boiling point of 45-70C. C81. The working fluid composition of C55-C75, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds having a boiling point of 55-65C. C82. The working fluid composition of C55-C81, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more perfluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, one or more perfluoroethers, one or more perfluoroketones, one or more perfluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof. C83. The working fluid composition of C55-C81, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof. C84. The working fluid composition of C83, wherein the working fluid comprises 1-90 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof. C85. The working fluid composition of C83, wherein the working fluid comprises 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof. C86. The working fluid composition of C83, wherein the working fluid comprises 40-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof. C87. The working fluid composition of C55-C86, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl-hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof. C88. The working fluid composition of C55-C87, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluoroalkyl-hydrofluoroalkyl ether, an optionally-substituted alkyl perfluoroalkyl ether, or any mixtures thereof. C89. The working fluid composition of C55-C88, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) (1-5C)hydrofluoroalkyl-(1- 5C)hydrofluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether, or any mixtures thereof. C90. The working fluid composition of C55-C89, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) (1-2C)hydrofluoroalkyl-(1- 2C)hydrofluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-3C)alkyl-(1-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether, or any mixtures thereof.C91. The working fluid composition of C55-C90, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether. C92. The working fluid composition of C55-C91, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally-substituted alkyl perfluoroalkyl ether. C93. The working fluid composition of C55-C92, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydrocarbyl-(1-8C)perfluorocarbyl ether. C94. The working fluid composition of C93, wherein the optionally substituted (1-4C)hydrocarbyl-(1-8C)perfluorocarbyl ether is selected from an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydroalkyl-(1-8C)perfluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydroalkyl-(1-8C)perfluoroalkenyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydroalkenyl-(1- 8C)perfluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydroalkenyl-(1-8C)perfluoroalkenyl ether, or any mixtures thereof. C95. The working fluid composition of C55-C94, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether. C96. The working fluid composition of C95, wherein the working fluid comprises 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1- 4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether. C97. The working fluid composition of C95, wherein the working fluid comprises 10-60 wt% optionally substituted (1- 4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether. C98. The working fluid composition of C95, wherein the working fluid comprises 40-60 wt% optionally substituted (1- 4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether. C99. The working fluid composition of C55-C98, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally substituted (1-3C)alkyl-(1-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether. C100. The working fluid composition of C55-C99, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of optionally substituted (1-3C)alkyl (2-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether. C101. The working fluid composition of C55-C100, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally substituted (1-2C)alkyl (3-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether. C102. The working fluid composition of C55-C101, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of a methyl (3-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether or an ethyl (3-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether. C103. The working fluid composition of C55-C102, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of a methyl (3-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether. C104. The working fluid composition of C55-C103, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an ethyl (3-4C)perfluoroalkyl ether. C105. The working fluid composition of C55-C104, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of ethyl perfluorobutylether. C106. The working fluid composition of C55-C105, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of methyl perfluorobutyl ether (which, as per above, includes any isomers thereof, since they are generally inseparable). C107. The working fluid composition of C106, wherein the working fluid comprises 1-90 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether. C108. The working fluid composition of C106, wherein the working fluid comprises 10-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether. C109. The working fluid composition of C106, wherein the working fluid comprises 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether. C110. The working fluid composition of C106, wherein the working fluid comprises 50 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether. C111. The working fluid composition of C21-C110, preferably of C56 or any preceding paragraph dependent thereon, wherein the working fluid comprises a diluent component. C112. The working fluid composition of C111, wherein the working fluid comprises a diluent component having a boiling point of 35-80C.C113. The working fluid composition of C111, wherein the working fluid comprises a diluent component having a boiling point of 40-65C. C114. The working fluid composition of C111, wherein the working fluid comprises a diluent component having a boiling point of 45-55C. C115. The working fluid composition of C111-C114, wherein the working fluid comprises a diluent component having a density (at SATP) between 1 and 1.8 g / mL. C116. The working fluid composition of C111-C114, wherein the working fluid comprises a diluent component having a density between 1.1 and 1.6 g / mL. C117. The working fluid composition of C111-C114, wherein the working fluid comprises a diluent component having a density between 1.2 and 1.3 g / mL. C118. The working fluid composition of C111-C117, wherein the working fluid comprises 5-99.5 wt% diluent component. C119. The working fluid composition of C111-C117, wherein the working fluid comprises 10-99 wt% diluent component. C120. The working fluid composition of C111-C117, wherein the working fluid comprises 20-97 wt% diluent component. C121. The working fluid composition of C111-C117, wherein the working fluid comprises 30-95 wt% diluent component. C122. The working fluid composition of C111-C117, wherein the working fluid comprises 40-90 wt% diluent component. C123. The working fluid composition of C111-C117, wherein the working fluid comprises 40-60 wt% diluent component. C124. The working fluid composition of C111-C117, wherein the working fluid comprises 50 wt% diluent component. C125. The working fluid composition of C111-C117, wherein the working fluid comprises 75-95 wt% diluent component. C126. The working fluid composition of C111-C117, wherein the working fluid comprises 90 wt% diluent component. C127. The working fluid composition of C111-C126, wherein the diluent component comprises or consists of one or more diluents. C128. The working fluid composition of C111-C126, wherein the diluent component comprises or consists of one or more diluents having a boiling point of 35-80C. C129. The working fluid composition of C111-C126, wherein the diluent component comprises or consists of one or more diluents having a boiling point of 40-65C. C130. The working fluid composition of C111-C126, wherein the diluent component comprises or consists of one or more diluents having a boiling point of 45-55C. C131. The working fluid composition of C111-C130, wherein the diluent component comprises or consists of one or more organic diluents. C132. The working fluid composition of C111-C130, wherein the diluent component comprises or consists of one or more organic diluents that are different from the organofluorine component or any constituents thereof (as set forth in paragraphs C55-C110). C133. The working fluid composition of C111-C130, wherein the diluent component comprises or consists of DCE. C134. The working fluid composition of C111-C133, wherein the working fluid comprises 5-99.5 wt% DCE. C135. The working fluid composition of C111-C133, wherein the working fluid comprises 10-99 wt% DCE. C136. The working fluid composition of C111-C133, wherein the working fluid comprises 20-97 wt% DCE. C137. The working fluid composition of C111-C133, wherein the working fluid comprises 30-95 wt% DCE. C138. The working fluid composition of C111-C133, wherein the working fluid comprises 40-90 wt% DCE. C139. The working fluid composition of C111-C133, wherein the working fluid comprises 40-60 wt% DCE. C140. The working fluid composition of C111-C133, wherein the working fluid comprises 50 wt% DCE. C141. The working fluid composition of C111-C133, wherein the working fluid comprises 75-95 wt% DCE. C142. The working fluid composition of C111-C133, wherein the working fluid comprises 90 wt% DCE. C143. The working fluid composition of C55-C142, wherein the working fluid comprises one or more additional compounds. C144. The working fluid composition of C55-C143, wherein the working fluid comprises one or more additives.C145. The working fluid composition of C144, wherein the working fluid comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of a lubricating oil, a stabilizer, a leak detecting substance, and any combination thereof. C146. The working fluid composition of C55-C145, wherein the working fluid comprises a lubricating oil. C147. The working fluid composition of C55-C146, wherein the working fluid comprises a stabilizer. C148. The working fluid composition of C55-C147, wherein the working fluid comprises a leak detecting substance. C149. The working fluid composition of C1-C148, preferably of C21 or any preceding paragraph dependent thereon, wherein the working fluid composition comprises a superwetting agent. C150. The working fluid composition of C149, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.0001-10 wt% superwetting agent. C151. The working fluid composition of C149, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.001-5 wt% superwetting agent. C152. The working fluid composition of C149, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. C153. The working fluid composition of C149, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent. C154. The working fluid composition of C149, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.1-1 wt% superwetting agent. C155. The working fluid composition of C149, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.1 wt% superwetting agent. C156. The working fluid composition of C149, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 1 wt% superwetting agent. C157. The working fluid composition of C149-C156, wherein the superwetting agent is, comprises, or consists of a superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 50 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). C158. The working fluid composition of C149-C156, wherein the superwetting agent is, comprises, or consists of a superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). C159. The working fluid composition of C149-C156, wherein the superwetting agent is, comprises, or consists of a superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). C160. The working fluid composition of C149-C156, wherein the superwetting agent is, comprises, or consists of a superwetting agent providing a surface tension of between 15-40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). C161. The working fluid composition of C149-C156, wherein the superwetting agent is, comprises, or consists of a superwetting agent providing a surface tension of between 18-32 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). C162. The working fluid composition of C158-C161, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). C163. The working fluid composition of C158-C161, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). C164. The working fluid composition of C158-C161, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.1-1 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). C165. The working fluid composition of C149-C164, wherein the superwetting agent is, comprises, or consists of a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 150C (at 1 atm pressure).C166. The working fluid composition of C149-C164, wherein the superwetting agent is, comprises, or consists of a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 200C (at 1 atm pressure). C167. The working fluid composition of C149-C164, wherein the superwetting agent is, comprises, or consists of a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). C168. The working fluid composition of C149-C167, wherein the superwetting agent is, comprises, or consists of a superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. C169. The working fluid composition of C168, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.001-5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. C170. The working fluid composition of C168, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. C171. The working fluid composition of C168, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.1-1 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. C172. The working fluid composition of C149-C171, wherein the superwetting agent is, comprises, or consists of a superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, or any mixtures thereof. C173. The working fluid composition of C149-C172, wherein the superwetting agent is, comprises, or consists of a superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS 2687-94-7), a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate (CAS 169117-72-0), Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn- 4,7-diol (CAS 9014-85-1), 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane (CAS 67674-67-3), a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol (CAS 126- 86-3), or any mixtures thereof. C174. The working fluid composition of C173, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.001-5 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. C175. The working fluid composition of C173, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6- dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9- Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. C176. The working fluid composition of C173, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.1-1 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6- dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9- Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof.C177. The working fluid composition of C149-C176, wherein the superwetting agent is, comprises, or consists of a superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. C178. The working fluid composition of C149-C177, wherein the superwetting agent is, comprises, or consists of 1-octyl- 2-pyrrolidone. C179. The working fluid composition of C178, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.001-5 wt% 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone. C180. The working fluid composition of C178, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.01-2 wt% 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone. C181. The working fluid composition of C178, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone. C182. The working fluid composition of C178, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.1-1 wt% 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone. C183. The working fluid composition of C178, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 0.1 wt% 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone. C184. The working fluid composition of C178, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 1 wt% 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone.
[0213] Specific embodiments are directly and unambiguously derivable from the dependency structure of C1-C184. For instance, "Synthetic Drive Fluid 3 (SDF3)" of the examples is derivable via C184 ("working fluid composition comprises 1 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone") and, through dependencies, C178 ("superwetting agent is…1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone") and C149 ("working fluid composition comprises superwetting agent"), C140 ("working fluid comprises 50 wt% DCE"), C111 ("working fluid comprises a diluent component"), C110 ("working fluid comprises 50 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether"), C106 ("organofluorine component comprises or consists of methyl perfluorobutyl ether"), C56 ("working fluid…consists of an organofluorine component and a diluent component"), C55 ("working fluid comprises an organofluorine component"), C28 ("working fluid composition…consists of 99 wt% working fluid and 1 wt% superwetting agent"), C21 ("working fluid composition…consists of a working fluid and a superwetting agent"), C1 ("working fluid composition"). Collectively, these dependencies specifically disclose: A working fluid composition consisting of: 99 wt% of a working fluid consisting of: 50 wt% DCE; and 50 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether (which, by definition, includes isomers thereof); and 1 wt% of a superwetting agent which is 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone.
[0214] A skilled person will readily recognize that the above embodiment may be re-expressed as: A working fluid composition consisting of: 49.5 wt% DCE; 49.5 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether (which, by definition, includes isomers thereof); and 1 wt% of a superwetting agent which is 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone.
[0215] The features and embodiments set forth in numbered paragraphs C1-C184 in relation to the working fluid composition are applicable to any uses, methods, systems, engines, and apparatuses defined herein which specify a working fluid composition or similar such composition. Such features and embodiments of numbered paragraphs C1-C184 are also suitably applicable to any of the definitions set forth in numbered paragraphs A1-A24, numbered paragraphs B1-B90, and numbered paragraphs D1-D378. Such working fluid compositions may be used in the methods and systems of numberedparagraphs E1 to E17, numbered paragraphs F1 to F101, numbered paragraphs G1 to G101, and numbered paragraphs H1-H20. D – Specific Embodiments of The Working Fluid Composition D) Specific Embodiments of The Working Fluid Composition
[0216] Each of numbered paragraphs D1-D378 represent an individual specific embodiment of a working fluid composition, in which the working fluid composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: D1. an organofluorine component; and a superwetting agent. D2. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; and a superwetting agent. D3. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; and a superwetting agent. D4. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and a superwetting agent. D5. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and a superwetting agent. D6. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and a superwetting agent. D7. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and a superwetting agent. D8. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and a superwetting agent. D9. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and a superwetting agent. D10. an organofluorine component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D11. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D12. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D13. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D14. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D15. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D16. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D17. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D18. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D19. an organofluorine component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D20. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D21. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D22. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water).D23. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D24. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D25. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D26. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D27. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D28. an organofluorine component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D29. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D30. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D31. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D32. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D33. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D34. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D35. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D36. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D37. an organofluorine component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D38. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D39. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non- ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants,organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D40. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D41. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D42. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D43. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D44. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D45. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non- ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D46. an organofluorine component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D47. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D48. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9- tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof.D49. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6- dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9- Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D50. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6- dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9- Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D51. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D52. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8- diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9- Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D53. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D54. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9- tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D55. an organofluorine component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D56. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D57. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D58. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone. D59. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone. D60. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D61. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D62. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D63. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D64. an organofluorine component; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D65. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent.D66. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D67. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D68. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D69. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D70. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D71. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D72. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D73. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D74. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D75. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D76. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D77. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D78. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D79. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D80. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D81. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent. D82. an organofluorine component; DCE; and a superwetting agent. D83. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and a superwetting agent. D84. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and a superwetting agent. D85. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and a superwetting agent. D86. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and a superwetting agent. D87. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; DCE; and a superwetting agent. D88. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; DCE; and a superwetting agent. D89. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and a superwetting agent. D90. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and a superwetting agent. D91. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D92. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D93. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent.D94. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D95. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D96. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D97. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D98. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D99. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D100. an organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D101. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D102. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D103. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D104. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D105. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 40- 60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D106. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D107. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D108. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent. D109. an organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D110. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D111. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D112. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and 0.01- 2 wt% superwetting agent. D113. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and 0.01- 2 wt% superwetting agent. D114. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D115. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D116. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D117. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D118. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D119. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D120. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent.D121. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D122. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D123. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D124. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D125. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D126. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D127. an organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D128. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D129. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D130. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D131. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D132. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D133. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D134. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D135. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D136. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D137. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D138. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D139. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D140. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D141. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D142. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D143. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D144. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D145. an organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D146. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D147. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent.D148. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D149. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D150. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 40- 60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D151. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D152. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D153. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent. D154. an organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D155. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D156. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D157. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and 0.01- 2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D158. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and 0.01- 2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D159. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D160. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D161. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D162. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D163. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D164. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D165. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D166. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water).D167. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D168. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D169. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D170. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D171. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D172. an organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D173. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D174. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D175. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D176. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D177. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D178. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D179. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D180. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D181. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D182. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D183. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D184. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D185. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D186. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D187. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D188. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D189. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D190. an organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D191. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D192. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D193. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D194. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D195. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 40- 60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D196. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D197. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D198. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water). D199. an organofluorine component; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D200. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D201. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure).D202. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D203. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D204. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D205. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D206. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D207. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D208. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D209. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D210. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D211. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D212. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D213. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D214. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D215. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D216. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D217. an organofluorine component; DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D218. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D219. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D220. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure).D221. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D222. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D223. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D224. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D225. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D226. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D227. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D228. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D229. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D230. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D231. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D232. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D233. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D234. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D235. an organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D236. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D237. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D238. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D239. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D240. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 40- 60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure).D241. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D242. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D243. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure). D244. an organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D245. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D246. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D247. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and 0.05- 1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D248. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and 0.05- 1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D249. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D250. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D251. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof.D252. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D253. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D254. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D255. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D256. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D257. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D258. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D259. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05- 1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D260. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof.D261. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D262. an organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non- ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D263. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D264. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D265. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D266. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D267. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D268. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D269. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof.D270. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D271. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D272. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D273. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D274. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D275. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D276. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D277. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D278. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof.D279. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D280. an organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D281. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D282. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D283. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D284. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D285. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 40- 60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D286. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D287. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof.D288. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof. D289. an organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D290. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9- Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D291. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1- octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D292. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and 0.01- 2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D293. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and 0.01- 2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D294. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D295. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D296. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof.D297. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1- octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D298. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9- Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D299. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8- diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9- Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D300. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9- Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D301. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D302. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D303. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D304. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D305. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1- octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof.D306. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8- diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9- Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D307. an organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9- tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D308. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D309. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D310. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D311. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D312. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D313. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8- diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9- Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D314. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non- ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9- tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D315. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy)Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D316. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D317. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1- octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D318. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl- 2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D319. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D320. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D321. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D322. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D323. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D324. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1- octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy)Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D325. an organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D326. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1- octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D327. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl- 2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D328. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D329. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D330. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 40- 60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D331. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11- Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D332. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D333. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1- octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy)Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof. D334. an organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D335. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D336. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D337. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and 0.05- 1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D338. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; a diluent component; and 0.05- 1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D339. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D340. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1- octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D341. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D342. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D343. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D344. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D345. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D346. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D347. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D348. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D349. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05- 1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D350. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D351. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% diluent component; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D352. an organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D353. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D354. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D355. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl- 2-pyrrolidone. D356. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl- 2-pyrrolidone. D357. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone.D358. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone. D359. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D360. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D361. an organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D362. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D363. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D364. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D365. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D366. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 30- 95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D367. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl- 2-pyrrolidone. D368. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D369. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 30-95 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D370. an organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D371. at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D372. 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D373. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D374. 10-60 wt% one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D375. one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl- hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 40- 60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D376. 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl- 2-pyrrolidone. D377. methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. D378. 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% DCE; and 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone.
[0217] The above specific embodiments set forth in D1-D378 are combinations of: an organofluorine component; at least 95 wt% organofluorine component; 5-70 wt% organofluorine component; one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; 10-60 wt% organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) hydrofluorocarbyl-hydrofluorocarbyl ether, an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, or any mixtures thereof; 1-90 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1- 6C)perfluoroalkyl ether; methyl perfluorobutyl ether; 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; a diluent component; 30-95 wt% diluent component; DCE; 30-95 wt% DCE; 40-60 wt% DCE;a superwetting agent; 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent; 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent providing a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water); a superwetting agent with a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof; 0.01-2 wt% superwetting agent selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate, Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane, a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9- Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol, or any mixtures thereof; 0.05-1.5 wt% 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone.
[0218] The embodiments set forth in numbered paragraphs D1-D378 in relation to the working fluid composition are applicable to any uses, methods, systems, engines, and apparatuses defined herein which specify a working fluid composition or similar such composition. Such embodiments of numbered paragraphs D1-D378 are also suitably applicable to any of the definitions set forth in numbered paragraphs A1-A24, numbered paragraphs B1-B90, and numbered paragraphs C1-C184. Such working fluid compositions may be used in the methods and systems of numbered paragraphs E1 to E17, numbered paragraphs F1 to F101, numbered paragraphs G1 to G101, and numbered paragraphs H1-H20. Further Specific Embodiments of The Working Fluid Composition
[0219] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 50 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.0001- 5 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure).
[0220] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 80 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure).
[0221] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 90-99.999 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001-2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure).
[0222] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 50 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.0001- 5 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises one or more perfluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, one or more perfluoroethers, one or more perfluoroketones, one or more perfluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof.
[0223] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 80 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises one or more perfluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, one or more perfluoroethers, one or more perfluoroketones, one or more perfluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof.
[0224] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 90-99.999 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001-2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises one or more perfluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, one or more perfluoroethers, one or more perfluoroketones, one or more perfluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof.
[0225] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 50 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.0001- 5 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof.
[0226] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 80 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof.
[0227] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises 90-99.999 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof.
[0228] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 50 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.0001- 5 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises a diluent component (e.g. DCE) and one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof.
[0229] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 80 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises a diluent component (e.g. DCE) and one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof.
[0230] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises 90-99.999 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises a diluent component (e.g. DCE) and one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof.
[0231] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 50 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.0001- 5 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; wherein the superwetting agent is selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof.
[0232] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 80 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; wherein the superwetting agent is selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof.
[0233] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises 90-99.999 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; wherein the superwetting agent is selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof.
[0234] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 50 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.0001- 5 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of lessthan or equal to 40 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises a diluent component (e.g. DCE) and one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; wherein the superwetting agent is selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, or any mixtures thereof.
[0235] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 80 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises a diluent component (e.g. DCE) and one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; wherein the superwetting agent is selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, or any mixtures thereof.
[0236] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises 90-99.999 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid having a boiling point (suitably at standard 1 bar pressure) between 32 and 65oC and having a liquid-phase density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3; wherein the superwetting agent is soluble in the working fluid and is further defined by its capacity to provide a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m (at SATP at 0.1 wt% concentration in water) and by having a boiling point greater than 140C (at 20 mm Hg pressure); wherein the working fluid comprises a diluent component (e.g. DCE) and one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof; wherein the superwetting agent is selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, or any mixtures thereof.
[0237] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 50 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.0001- 5 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising 10-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether and 40-90 wt% DCE; and wherein the superwetting agent is selected from 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone (CAS 2687-94-7), a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate (CAS 169117-72-0), Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol (CAS 9014-85-1), 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3- (propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane (CAS 67674-67-3), a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9- Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol (CAS 126-86-3), or any mixtures thereof.
[0238] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 80 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising 10-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether and 40-90 wt% DCE; and wherein the superwetting agent is selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS 2687-94-7), a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate (CAS 169117-72-0), Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol (CAS 9014-85-1), 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane (CAS 67674-67-3), a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol (CAS 126-86-3), or any mixtures thereof.
[0239] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises 95-99.999 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising 10-60 wt% optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether and 40-90 wt% DCE; and wherein the superwetting agent is selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS 2687-94-7), a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate (CAS 169117-72-0), Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol (CAS 9014-85-1), 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane (CAS 67674-67-3), a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol (CAS 126-86-3), or any mixtures thereof.
[0240] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 50 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.0001- 5 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether and 40-60 wt% DCE; and wherein the superwetting agent is selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS 2687-94-7), a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate (CAS 169117-72-0), Ethoxylated2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol (CAS 9014-85-1), 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane (CAS 67674-67-3), a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol (CAS 126-86-3), or any mixtures thereof.
[0241] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 80 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether and 40-60 wt% DCE; and wherein the superwetting agent is selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS 2687-94-7), a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate (CAS 169117-72-0), Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol (CAS 9014-85-1), 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane (CAS 67674-67-3), a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol (CAS 126-86-3), or any mixtures thereof.
[0242] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises 95-99.999 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether and 40-60 wt% DCE; and wherein the superwetting agent is selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS 2687-94-7), a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate (CAS 169117-72-0), Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol (CAS 9014-85-1), 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane (CAS 67674-67-3), a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol (CAS 126-86-3), or any mixtures thereof.
[0243] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 50 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.0001- 0.001-2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether and 40-60 wt% DCE; and wherein the superwetting agent is 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone.
[0244] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 80 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.001- 2 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether and 40-60 wt% DCE; and wherein the superwetting agent is 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone.
[0245] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises 95-99.95 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.05- 1.5 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether and 40-60 wt% DCE; and wherein the superwetting agent is 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone.
[0246] In an embodiment, the working fluid composition comprises at least 95-99.9 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.1-1.0 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether and 40-60 wt% DCE; and wherein the superwetting agent is 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone.
[0247] The embodiments in this section may be further refined by the features of any of numbered paragraphs A1-A24, B1-B90, C1-C184, and / or D1-D378. Moreover, the embodiments in this section (whether or not further refined as just mentioned) may be used in the methods and systems of numbered paragraphs E1 to E17, numbered paragraphs F1 to F101, numbered paragraphs G1 to G101, numbered paragraphs H1-H20, or indeed in any of the uses, methods, systems, engines, and apparatuses defined herein. Methods of Manufacturing the Working Fluid Composition
[0248] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a working fluid composition. Such a method suitably comprises mixing together input ingredients / components, suitably to form a (substantially) homogeneous liquid. Suitably the relevant input ingredients / components and, where relevant, any properties and / or concentrations relating thereto, may be as defined in any of numbered paragraphs A1-A24, B1-B90, C1-C184, and / or D1-D378.
[0249] Working fluid compositions of the invention may be formed by mixing a pre-formed working fluid with a superwetting agent. Alternatively, a working fluid composition may be formed my mixing together all of the ingredients constituting the working fluid and the superwetting agent. In the example of a working fluid composition consisting of 99 wt% working fluid, which consists of 50 wt% DCE and 50 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether, and 1 wt% superwetting agent, which is 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, such a working fluid composition may be formed by mixing the pre-formed working fluidcomposition (pre-formed as a mixture of 50 wt% DCE and 50 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether) with 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone in a 99:1 weight ratio. Alternatively, the same working fluid composition may be formed by mixing DCE, methyl perfluorobutyl ether, and 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone together in a respective weight ratio of 49.5 : 49.5 : 1.
[0250] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a working fluid composition obtainable by, obtained by, or directly obtained by a method (suitably as defined herein) of manufacturing a working fluid composition. USES OF THE WORKING FLUID COMPOSITION
[0251] The working fluid composition may be depoyed in a variety of uses, methods, systems, engines, and apparatuses. E - General Uses, Methods, Systems, Engines, and Apparatuses for the Working Fluid E) General uses, methods, systems, engines, and apparatuses for the working fluid composition
[0252] The following numbered paragraphs E1 to E17 disclose aspects and embodiments of the invention wherein the working fluid composition is utilised: E1. A method of heat exchange, the method comprising transferring heat (e.g. waste heat) (directly or indirectly) from a heat source (e.g. waste heat source) to a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein), suitably via heat exchange (suitably via a heat exchanger). Transferral of heat from the heat source to the working fluid composition may be direct (e.g. heat is exchanged directly between the heat source and the working fluid composition) or indirect (e.g. heat is exchanged indirectly between the heat source and the working fluid composition via one or more intervening heat-transfers / exchanges; for instance heat may be first transferred from the heat source to an intermediary, such as a heat transfer fluid, and thereafter heat is transferred from said intermediary to the working fluid composition). E2. A method of generating work from a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein), the method comprising heating the working fluid composition, by performing the method of heat exchange as defined in E1, to cause expansion (preferably evaporation) of the working fluid composition (e.g. through evaporation of a liquid phase working fluid composition to form a vapour phase working fluid composition). Expansion of the working fluid composition suitably generates / performs work – as such, expansion of the working fluid composition is suitably harnessed as work. Such work is typically mechanical work. E3. A method of generating mechanical work from a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein), the method comprising performing the method of generating work as defined in E2. The methods suitably involves utilising the expansion of the working fluid to perform mechanical work. The mechanical work may be delivered to a rotary device (e.g. to generate rotary motion from kinetic energy of the working fluid composition) and thus may be used to drive a turbine (and ultimately a generator) or pump. The mechanical work may be delivered to a linear movement device (e.g. to generate linear motion from pressure imparted by the expansion of the working fluid composition) and thus may be used to drive a piston (e.g. in an engine or in a hydraulic system). E4. A method of utilising mechanical work from a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein), the method comprising performing the method of generating mechanical work as defined in E3 and utilising / harnessing the mechanical work, suitably to generate electricity (e.g. with mechanical work being performed upon a piston or turbine, preferably a turbine, and ultimately an electrical generator). The mechanical work may be rotary work or may be used to generate rotary motion (e.g. arising from kinetic energy of the working fluid composition) and thus may be used to drive a turbine (and ultimately a generator) or pump. The mechanical work may be linear work or may be used to generate linear motion (from pressure) and thus may be used to drive a piston (e.g. in an engine or in a hydraulic system). E5. A method of generating electricity from a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein), the method comprising performing the method of generating mechanical work as defined in E3 and utilising / harnessing the mechanical work, suitably performed upon a piston or turbine (preferably a turbine) and suitably ultimately uponan electrical generator (to which said piston or turbine is suitably connected), to generate electricity (suitably by converting motion into electricity, as well known in the art). E6. A method of delivering electricity to a power grid, the method comprising performing a method of generating electricity as defined in E5, and transferring and / or making said electricity available to a power grid (suitably via suitable electrical connections to the power grid). E7. A method of recovering (and / or using) waste heat, the method comprising performing a method of heat exchange as defined in E1, to transfer waste heat from a waste heat source to a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein, optionally directly or indirectly), and thereafter performing any of the method of generating work of E2, the method of generating mechanical work of E3, the method of utilising mechanical work of E4, the method of generating electricity of E5, and / or the method of delivering electricity to a power grid of E6. E8. A method of harnessing heat (directly or indirectly) from a heat source, the method comprising: (a) passing a liquid phase working fluid composition, suitably as defined herein, through (or contacting the liquid phase working fluid composition with) a heat exchanger that is in thermal communication with heat (directly or indirectly) from the heat source; (b) evaporating the liquid phase working fluid composition to form a vapour phase working fluid composition; (c) passing the vapour phase working fluid composition through an expander, wherein said heat from the heat source is converted into mechanical energy; (d) passing the vapour phase working fluid composition from the expander to a condenser, wherein said vapour phase working fluid composition is condensed into the liquid phase working fluid composition; optionally wherein the liquid phase working fluid composition from step (d) is recycled to step (a), suitably via a pump. The mechanical energy from step c) is suitably used to generate electricity, suitably through being harnessed in the form of mechanical work that is converted into electricity (suitably via a piston or turbine and / or suitably via an electrical generator). E9. A method of recovering waste heat comprising: (a) passing a liquid phase working fluid composition, suitably as defined herein, through (or contacting the liquid phase working fluid composition with) a heat exchanger that is in thermal communication with waste heat (directly or indirectly) from a waste heat source; (b) evaporating the liquid phase working fluid composition to form a vapour phase working fluid composition; (c) passing the vapour phase working fluid composition through an expander, wherein said waste heat from the waste heat source is converted into mechanical energy; (d) passing the vapour phase working fluid composition from the expander to a condenser, wherein said vapour phase working fluid composition is condensed into the liquid phase working fluid composition; optionally wherein the liquid phase working fluid composition from step (d) is recycled to step (a) via a pump. The mechanical energy from step c) is suitably used to generate electricity, suitably through being harnessed in the form of mechanical work that is converted into electricity (suitably via a piston or turbine and / or suitably via an electrical generator). E10. The method of heat exchange of E1, the method of generating work from a working fluid composition of E2, the method of generating mechanical work from a working fluid composition of E3, the method of utilising mechanical work from a working fluid composition of E4, the method of generating electricity from a working fluid composition of E5, the method of delivering electricity to a power grid of E6, the method of recovering (and / or using) waste heat of E7, the method of harnessing heat from a heat source of E8, or the method of recovering waste heat of E9, wherein the working fluid composition is contained within (and / or suitably moves / flows within) a (substantially) closed (or sealed) system, suitably within a pressurisable or pressurised system. E11. A heat transfer system, wherein the heat transfer system comprises a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein) and a heat exchanger in thermal connection with the working fluid composition. The heat transfer system is suitably operated via the method of heat exchange of E1. E12. A work generation system, the system comprising a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein), a heat exchanger, an evaporator in thermal connection with the heat exchanger and working fluid composition and configured to evaporate the working fluid composition, and an expander (something that makes use of the expansion of the evaporated working fluid composition to perform work / mechanical work, - e.g. a turbine) configured to receive expanded working fluid composition from the evaporator and extract work therefrom. Thework generation system is suitably operated via the method of generating work from a working fluid composition of E2 or the method of generating mechanical work from a working fluid composition of E3. E13. An Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, wherein the system comprises a working fluid composition (suitably as defined herein), suitably wherein the working fluid composition may flow throughout the ORC system, wherein the ORC system suitably comprises: a heat exchanger (suitably to transfer heat that is external to the ORC system into heat that is internal to the ORC system, suitably into the working fluid composition); an evaporator (e.g. boiler, from which the working fluid composition evaporates) in thermal connection with the heat exchanger and working fluid composition, suitably configured to evaporate the working fluid composition; an expander (something that makes use of the expansion of the evaporated working fluid composition to perform work / mechanical work, - e.g. a turbine), suitably configured to receive expanded working fluid composition from the evaporator and suitably configured to extract work therefrom; a condenser, suitably configured to receive working fluid composition from the expander, and suitably configured to condense the working fluid composition; and a conveyor (suitably appropriate pipework, suitably in line with a pump) for conveying the (suitably condensed) working fluid composition from the condenser to the evaporator. E14. An engine, the engine comprising or otherwise connected to the ORC system of E13, wherein the expander is connected to a work usage device (e.g. electrical generator) which transforms work into a different form of work or energy (preferably electrical energy / electricity). E15. An electricity generation system, the system comprises the ORC system of E13, wherein the expander is connected to an electrical generator configured to generate electricity from the work extracted by the expander. The electricity generation system may be an ORC engine. The electricity generation system may be a turbine engine. The electricity generation system may be a Pelton, Curtis, and / or Rateau engine. E16. The heat transfer system pf E11, the work generation system of E12, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system of E13, the engi...
Claims
CLAIMS 1. An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) working fluid composition, comprising a working fluid and a superwetting agent.
2. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein working fluid composition is a liquid at SATP.
3. The working fluid composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the composition comprises 90-99.9999 wt% of the working fluid and 0.0001-10 wt% of the superwetting agent.
4. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the composition comprises 0.01-2 wt% of the superwetting agent.
5. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the composition consists of 98.5-99.95 wt% working fluid and 0.05-1.5 wt% superwetting agent.
6. The working fluid composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the working fluid has a density (at SATP) between 1.1 and 1.6 g / cm3.
7. The working fluid composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the working fluid has a boiling point (at standard 1 bar pressure) between 19 and 65C.
8. The working fluid composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 40 mN / m, at SATP, at 0.1 wt% concentration in water.
9. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein the superwetting agent provides a surface tension of less than or equal to 35 mN / m, at SATP, at 0.1 wt% concentration in water.
10. The working fluid composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the superwetting agent has a boiling point greater than 150C at 1 atm pressure.
11. The working fluid composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the superwetting agent has a boiling point greater than 140C at 20 mm Hg pressure.
12. The working fluid composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the working fluid is an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) working fluid comprising or consisting of one or more organic solvents.
13. The working fluid composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the working fluid comprises or consists of an organofluorine component.
14. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 13, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more perfluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluorocarbons, one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, one or more perfluoroethers, one or more perfluoroketones, one or more perfluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof.
15. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 14, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from one or more hydrofluoroethers, one or more hydrofluoroketones, one or more hydrofluoroolefins, or any combinations thereof.
16. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of one or more organofluorine compounds selected from a (preferably asymmetric) (1-5C)hydrofluoroalkyl-(1- 5C)hydrofluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether, or any mixtures thereof.
17. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl perfluorocarbyl ether, preferably an alkyl perfluoroalkyl ether.
18. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 17, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydrocarbyl-(1-8C)perfluorocarbyl ether, wherein the optionally substituted (1- 4C)hydrocarbyl-(1-8C)perfluorocarbyl ether is selected from an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydroalkyl-(1-8C)perfluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydroalkyl-(1-8C)perfluoroalkenyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydroalkenyl-(1-8C)perfluoroalkyl ether, an optionally substituted (1-4C)hydroalkenyl-(1-8C)perfluoroalkenyl ether, or any mixtures thereof.
19. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the organofluorine component consists of a (1- 4C)alkyl-(1-6C)perfluoroalkyl ether.
20. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the organofluorine component comprises or consists of methyl perfluorobutyl ether (including any isomers thereof).
21. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 13 or any preceding claim dependent thereon, wherein the composition further comprises a diluent component.
22. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 21, wherein the diluent component forms an azeotrope with the organofluorine component.
23. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 21 or 22, wherein the diluent component comprises or consists of one or more organic diluents having a boiling point of 35-80C.
24. The working fluid composition as claimed in any of claims 21 to 23, wherein the diluent component comprises or consists of DCE.
25. The working fluid composition as claimed in any of claims 21 to 24, wherein the working fluid comprises or consists of 10-60 wt% organofluorine component; and 40-90 wt% diluent component.
26. The working fluid composition as claimed in claim 25, wherein the working fluid comprises or consists of 10-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether; and 40-90 wt% DCE.
27. The working fluid composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the superwetting agent is selected from alkylpyrrolidones, non-ionic organic thioethers, acetylenic diols, alkoxylated acetylenic diols, alkylated acetylenic diols, silicone polyether copolymers (of varying molecular weights and architectures), gemini silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, organosilicones, trisiloxane- based surfactants, carbosilane, fluoroorganic surfactants, hydroxythioethers, or any mixtures thereof.
28. The working fluid composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the superwetting agent is selected from 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS 2687-94-7), a non-ionic organic thioether surfactant, 2,5,8,11-Tetramethyl-6-dodecyn-5,8-diol ethoxylate (CAS 169117-72-0), Ethoxylated 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol (CAS 9014-85-1), 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyl-3-(propyl(poly(ethyleneoxy))hydroxy) Trisiloxane (CAS 67674-67-3), a partially Fluorinated Alcohol Substituted Glycol, 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol (CAS 126-86-3), or any mixtures thereof.
29. The working fluid composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the superwetting agent is 1-octyl-2- pyrrolidone.
30. The working fluid composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the working fluid composition comprises 95-99.9 wt% of a working fluid and between 0.1-1.0 wt% superwetting agent; wherein the working fluid is an ORC working fluid comprising 40-60 wt% methyl perfluorobutyl ether and 40-60 wt% DCE; and wherein the superwetting agent is 1-octyl- 2-pyrrolidone.
31. A method of generating mechanical work from a working fluid composition, the method comprising: heating the working fluid composition, by transferring heat (directly or indirectly) from a heat source to the working fluid composition via heat exchange, to cause expansion (preferably evaporation) of the working fluid composition; utilising the expansion of the working fluid to perform mechanical work; wherein the working fluid composition is as claimed in any of claims 1-30.
32. A method of generating electricity from a working fluid composition, the method comprising performing the method of generating mechanical work as claimed in claim 31, wherein the mechanical work is performed upon or otherwise delivered to a piston or turbine, said mechanical work being converted into electricty;wherein the working fluid composition is as claimed in any of claims 1-31.
33. An electricity generation system comprising an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system and a working fluid composition contained within (and configured to flow within) the ORC system, wherein the ORC system suitably comprises: a heat exchanger to transfer heat (directly or indirectly) from a heat source external to the ORC system into the working fluid composition; an evaporator (e.g. boiler, from which the working fluid composition evaporates) in thermal connection with the heat exchanger and working fluid composition, configured to evaporate the working fluid composition; an expander, comprising a piston or turbine, configured to receive expanded working fluid composition from the evaporator and configured to extract work therefrom by way of the piston or turbine; a condenser configured to receive working fluid composition from the expander and configured to condense the working fluid composition; and a conveyor (suitably appropriate pipework, suitably in line with a pump) for conveying the (suitably condensed) working fluid composition from the condenser to the evaporator; wherein the expander is connected to an electrical generator configured to generate electricity from the work extracted by the expander (and the piston or turbine thereof); wherein the working fluid composition is as claimed in any of claims 1-31.
34. The method of generating mechanical work as claimed in claim 31, the method of generating electricity as claimed in claim 32, or the electricity generation system as claimed in claim 33, wherein the heat (directly or indirectly) from a heat source is at a temperature of 110-350oC.
35. The method of generating mechanical work as claimed in claim 31, the method of generating electricity as claimed in claim 32, or the electricity generation system as claimed in claim 33, or any preceding claim dependent (directly or indirectly) thereon, wherein "the heat (directly or indirectly) from a heat source" (i.e. input heat) is heat indirectly from the heat source, such heat having been transferred from the heat source to a heat transfer medium / fluid suitably via an upstream heat exchange, and the "the heat (directly or indirectly) from a heat source" (i.e. the heat transfer medium / fluid) has a temperature of 110-350oC (more preferably 125-300oC) and the heat source itself has a temperature of 150-3000oC.
36. The method of generating mechanical work as claimed in claim 31, the method of generating electricity as claimed in claim 32, the electricity generation system as claimed in claim 33, or any preceding claim dependent (directly or indirectly) thereon, wherein the working fluid composition is contained within and moves within a closed (or sealed) system.
37. The method of generating mechanical work, the method of generating electricity from a working fluid composition, and the electricity generation system, as claimed in claim 36, wherein the closed system is pressurised at a pressure between 5 and 100 bar, preferably at a pressure between 10 and 50 bar.
38. The method of generating mechanical work, the method of generating electricity from a working fluid composition, and the electricity generation system, as claimed in any of claims 36 to 37, wherein the internal temperature of the closed system (suitably measured by the temperature of vapour phase working fluid composition after evaporation thereof) is between 80oC and 400oC.
39. The method of generating mechanical work of claim 31, the method of generating electricity of claim 32, the electricity generation system of claim 33, or any preceding claims dependent thereon, wherein the working fluid composition as claimed in any of claims 1-30 is used therein at least once before replacing said working fluid composition with a different working fluid composition, wherein the different working fluid composition is free of a superwetting agent; and suitably thereafter continuing to use or perform said method or system but with the different working fluid composition in place of the working fluid composition as claimed in any of claims 1-30.