Press and method for finishing or laminating substrates, and method for operating a press

Abstract

The invention relates to a press and to a method for finishing or laminating substrates, comprising one or two movable press plates (11, 12) for pressing together the substrate (4) and at least one transfer film (3) in a pressing region (18), further comprising at least one transport carriage (2) for introducing and / or removing the substrate (4) into or from the pressing region (18), and at least one transfer device for transporting and / or positioning the transfer film (3) between the substrate (4) and the associated first press plate (11). The aim of the invention is to provide a press and a method in which interruptions in operation caused by damage to the transfer film or a low level of production quality can be prevented. This aim is achieved in that an apparatus (7) is provided, which is independent of the transfer device for the transfer film (3), for setting or maintaining a specified distance (22) of the product face (23) of the transfer film (3) from the transfer device (2), from a substrate (4) and / or from the other press plate (12). The invention also relates to a method for operating (1026) a press of this kind.

Description

[0001] Press and method for finishing or laminating substrates and method for operating a press

[0002] The invention relates to a press for finishing or laminating substrates according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

[0003] The invention further relates to a method for pressing a substrate according to the preamble of patent claim 16.

[0004] The invention further relates to a method for operating a press during the pressing of a substrate with a transfer film according to the preamble of patent claim 18.

[0005] The manufacture of surface-structured material panels, also referred to here as substrates, is a common production method for providing raw panels, such as fiberboard, particleboard, or chipboard, with an attractive surface. In addition to high-quality mirror, lacquer, metallic, and high-gloss surfaces, the customer's haptic experience with real wood imitations or other surface patterns is also a key focus of these production methods. Synchronized pores, which offer a relief-like surface structure congruent with the decorative appearance, have long been the method of choice for delivering raw panels with sophisticated aesthetics to the end customer. In addition to raw panels made from natural materials, more and more recycled materials are being supplied in panel form, such as waste wood, plastic, or recycled foam.In large-scale industrial production, press plates with matrix-like reliefs on their surface are typically used, and the decorative foils are positioned accordingly in the press together with the material plate to ensure that the embossing matches the decoration. Such a system and method are described in DE 103 56 427 B4.

[0006] The substrates listed below generally correspond to sheet-like materials that are assembled individually or together as a composite with decorative or other films applied on top and / or underneath. The production of HPL (high-pressure laminates) is also conceivable. These consist of several layered films as a substrate and are then laminated into a sheet material in the press.

[0007] Alternatively, it is known from DE 26 03414 A1 or DE 10 2007 061 157 A1 to unwind or rewind structured paper or foil from supply rolls and to hold it accordingly in the pressing area between the press plate and the substrate. Similar to a structured press plate, the transfer foil also has embossing elements or an embossed relief. The described transfer device for the press includes, in addition to the supply rolls, tension rollers that ensure the necessary tension or contact of the transfer foil with the press plate.

[0008] EP 2 179 864 A1 discloses suctioning a transfer film onto the press plate using negative pressure or detaching a bonded or adhesive transfer film from the press plate using positive pressure. This application is particularly preferred when liquid resin must harden on the surface of the material plate and may diffuse through the transfer film. The holes in the press plate, which must be connected to a corresponding negative or positive pressure system, pose a problem and may leave visible raised areas or discolorations on the material plate or its decoration. Haptic structural films and / or coloring and / or patterning pigment films can be arranged as transfer films. The structural films can also be designed as peel-off films, so that part of the structural film remains adhered to the substrate and the other part is rolled up for recycling purposes, cf. DE 102007 016 794 A1.

[0009] The invention aims to make the use of transfer foils in a press safer and easier, to avoid production disruptions, to reduce the number of under-pressings due to inadequate foil positioning and, if necessary, to enable the foils to be used multiple times.

[0010] In an extension of the invention, the tensile forces required for transporting and positioning the film in the transfer film are to be reduced and lighter individual transfer films or heavy multiple transfer film composite systems are to be usable.

[0011] The invention relates to a generic press for finishing or laminating substrates with one or two movable press plates for pressing the substrate in a pressing area with at least one transfer film, further comprising at least one transport carriage for inserting and / or removing the substrate into or from the pressing area and at least one transfer device for transporting and / or positioning the transfer film between the substrate and the first press plate.

[0012] The first press plate is usually the upper press plate in the press.

[0013] The objects of the invention are achieved by arranging a device independent of the transfer device for the transfer film for creating or maintaining a predetermined distance between the product side of the transfer film and the transfer device, a substrate and / or the respective other press plate.

[0014] The special feature of the invention is that a device is arranged which is able to a) hold the transfer film at a predetermined height, b) flatten the transfer film if necessary or press it against the press plate, c) detach the transfer film from the substrate against adhesive forces and / or d) ensure that other manipulators of the press, such as the transport carriages for the substrate, do not damage a film that is sagging or sticking to the substrate.

[0015] For this purpose, the device is arranged independently of the transfer device for the transfer film and, if necessary, is suitable to be positioned between the transfer film and the substrate.

[0016] In addition to implicit definitions of “independence,” the invention preferably assumes a device that is independent of the transfer device if it can be operated independently of the transfer device in terms of process technology and / or mechanics, is not part of the transfer device, or is preferably not arranged in direct operative connection with the transfer device. For example, a device for tensioning the film, which is generally part of the transfer device and supports it, particularly in conjunction with a device for transporting the transfer film along the press plate or through the press, would preferably not be independent of the transfer device since it “cooperates” based on the movement pattern of the transfer device during the transfer of the film. Accordingly, an independently operating device that operates after the transfer printing orThe press opening is capable of detaching an adhering transfer film from the plate. In particular, it is particularly preferred if the device according to the invention can support a tensioning device of the transfer device by smoothing the tensioned transfer film or the transfer film held by the transfer device before the press (re)closes. It is not uncommon for a transfer film to be used multiple times for different material plates.

[0017] Similar conditions apply in the case of a two-sided or only a bottom transfer film, although for a bottom transfer film, the substrate must generally be lifted first before the device can remove the bottom transfer film. However, the device can also be arranged in two positions, one for the top or the other for the bottom film, but with regard to the above-mentioned functions a) and b), a single device with two pressure rollers or similar means can also perform this.

[0018] The invention advantageously recognizes, among other things, that complete tautness and theoretical contact with the press platen cannot always be properly performed by the transfer film transfer device, or the transfer film suffers severely as a result. Under the high tension exerted by the tension rollers on both sides, at the inlet and outlet of the press area, only high-tensile films can be used, which increases production costs.

[0019] In most cases, the multiple use of a transfer film is desired, which speaks against excessive pulling force being applied to the transfer film.

[0020] The usually high temperature involved in laminating or laminating a substrate with or without decorative films, combined with excessive tensile forces, can lead to undesirable elongation due to the tension or tensile forces in the transfer film. Such length differences, which can also occur on one side or along a long side of the transfer film, are noticeable in a synchronous pore and are very damaging to high-quality products, potentially promoting wrinkling.

[0021] Transfer films are structural films or films that transfer surface properties. For example, films that transfer substances, especially for dirt-repellent films.

[0022] In addition, films can now also be used that serve as peel-off or double transfer films. This involves a transfer film with two or more layers, with the substrate-side layer remaining adhered to the substrate, and the transfer film being transferred after lamination. One useful application would be the application of a film-like protective layer that can be removed later before the substrate is used. This protective layer protects the surface during further processing and transport.

[0023] In addition, the production of a synchronous-pore substrate, for example, can eliminate the previously laborious process of measuring the decorative film on the substrate relative to the press plate or transfer film if the transfer film is designed as a two-layer combination of embossing and synchronous film. The remaining transfer film in the press performs the embossing synchronously with the parallel second decorative layer, which remains on the substrate.

[0024] Depending on the application, a transfer device is configured to move the transfer film into the pressing area and, if necessary, to hold it in a predetermined position relative to the press platens and / or the substrate. The transfer device is preferably suitable for tensioning the transfer film and holding it wrinkle-free relative to the press platen or the substrate. In a conventional embodiment, the transfer film is unwound from a supply roller and wound onto another roller, with the press or pressing area located between the two rollers. The pressing area is essentially defined by the press platens being aligned with one another and is created when the press is in a closed position. In an open position, the press platens are spaced apart from one another and at least one press platen can be moved or displaced relative to the other during pressing.

[0025] A predetermined distance of the substrate from the other products or machine elements is set or specified by the operator of the press and enables other machine elements or devices of the press, preferably units for manipulating the substrate and / or the transfer film, and most preferably in the pressing area, to be moved within this distance without damaging or displacing the transfer film or other objects.

[0026] This applies in particular to the substrate transport carriages, which usually have associated movable holding, clamping and / or suction devices that carry out movements in the pressing area or near the transfer film.

[0027] Nevertheless, if the transfer film adheres to the substrate after the pressing process, the specified distance must first be created by the device for creating or maintaining the distance detaching the transfer film from the substrate, preferably carefully.

[0028] The press platens differ not only in their mobility but also in their relationship to the substrate or transfer film. The transport device for transporting and / or positioning the transfer film is assigned to a press platen, with the product side of the transfer film then aligned towards the substrate and the back resting against the press platen, at least during pressing. With regard to the length and width or other dimensions of the press or press platens, it is assumed that the transport direction of the substrate and the transfer film is along the length and that the width is arranged perpendicular to the length, long side or transport direction. The actual embodiment may vary depending on the press or process application. For example, the transfer film can also be transported perpendicular to the width of the substrate and / or to the transport direction of the substrate.The specialist will coordinate and optimize the design of the transport routes or manipulators and their mobility during the necessary activities, particularly with regard to cycle time and mechanical engineering effort.

[0029] In this context, the invention defines peeling as the removal of the adhesive transfer film from the substrate. Preferably, a peel angle is set for peeling that does not damage the transfer film.

[0030] Further advantageous embodiments or designs are listed below, which can further improve the invention through their individual or combinatory features.

[0031] Preferably, the device for establishing or maintaining a distance is arranged with its own drive, allowing it to be moved at least within the pressing area. The advantages lie in an isolated solution for the control and regulation of this device, independent of the other automation solutions.

[0032] Alternatively, this device can be mounted on existing or other movable machine elements or devices, preferably on the transfer device, with or without its own drive. This may be particularly advantageous if the device must perform fundamental movements during the pressing process, for example, moving into or out of the pressing area, and these tasks can already be performed by other machine elements.

[0033] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the device for creating or maintaining the distance of the transfer film can be attached to the transfer device and thus moved into, through or out of the press area or the area of ​​the transfer film.

[0034] If, for example, a transfer device is used which moves into or out of the press on rails on the inlet or outlet side along the long sides in order to pick up or place the pressed substrate using suitable holding devices (suction cups, lifters, clamps), it is advantageous if the device is arranged on the transfer device and can ensure the necessary (safety) distance between the transfer film and the other machine elements. The device for manipulating the transfer film can be arranged across the width, perpendicular to the transport path of the substrate and / or the transfer film, or it can rotate or swivel into the pressing area or the transfer film area on the long sides. The device will then preferably be movable independently of the transfer device in order to fulfil its task.

[0035] With regard to the design of the contact or the contact surfaces of the device for creating or maintaining the distance, a roller, a cover, a blower bar, a separating wedge, a scraper and / or means for creating an air curtain or an air barrier are preferably arranged.

[0036] A roller can be particularly useful when applying gentle forces to avoid damaging delicate transfer films during handling. A roller can also be particularly useful when an adhering film needs to be peeled off or removed from the substrate. A self-rotating roller is not required; depending on the type of film, a hemisphere or rounded shape can be used. When using a film peeler, the geometry is preferably adjusted so that it supports peeling while simultaneously protecting the sliding film in the direction of the transfer film.

[0037] A cover may be sufficient to support slightly sagging films or to ensure that they do not sag too far to be damaged by other moving machine elements or manipulators.

[0038] A separating wedge or a scraper are useful for pushing the film out of the way and / or removing it from the substrate.

[0039] Means for creating an air curtain or air barrier include, for example, pneumatic blower bars, which can preferentially lift or displace a film. Air pressure can also be used in this sense to pre-tension or curve a transfer film, allowing other devices to engage the transfer film more easily or more gently.

[0040] In particular, the device can be configured to apply, fix, and / or smooth the transfer film to the associated press platen. For this purpose, it would be provided, for example, that the device presses the transfer film against the associated press platen or irons it to avoid wrinkles. It can also be provided that the device, starting from a predetermined fixed point on the transfer film, shapes it accordingly to ensure consistency between decorations or the like. However, alternative or additional means can also be arranged in the press for this purpose. In a further preferred embodiment, two transfer devices for two transfer films are arranged. The transfer films can be assigned to one press platen. Each transfer device or each transfer film is preferably assigned to its own press platen to enable coating of the substrate on both sides.In this case, the technical complexity and the degree of automation increase significantly.

[0041] It is intended that the specified distance reaches its maximum value when the transfer film comes into contact with the corresponding press plate.

[0042] It can be provided that sensors for measuring a tension force and / or drives for introducing a tension force into the transfer film are arranged in the press or on the transfer device for the transfer film. The tension force can be adjusted, for example, via the drives of the winding and unwinding rollers of the transfer film. The drives can be operatively connected to brakes or act only on one side. Additional deflection rollers can be arranged between the rollers, which exert brakes or influence the existing tension force of the transfer film through their mobility. Particularly preferably, the transfer device itself will have an independent control and regulation device that is operatively connected to other controls or regulation systems of the press.

[0043] Alternatively or cumulatively, a control or regulating device and, if necessary, suitable measuring devices for controlling and / or regulating the clamping force, the positioning and / or drives of the device or the press can be arranged in the press.

[0044] Particularly preferably, a measuring system for detecting elongation, preferably on one side, and / or tears and / or wrinkles will be arranged on the transfer film. This is particularly preferred for quality management during production or when the transfer film is to be used multiple times. It can also be used to detect or prevent wrinkles.

[0045] The transfer device for the transfer film preferably consists of at least two supply rolls, at least one tension roll, and drives for transport through the pressing area and / or for tensioning. This system can also be expanded depending on the automation requirements.

[0046] The transfer film spacing device and / or a transport carriage can be configured to secure or guide one end of the transfer film through the press area. For example, at the start of production, the transfer carriage can clamp the beginning of a transfer film and move it through the press or press area so that the beginning of the transfer film can be wound on the other side by the other roller.

[0047] When using two transfer foils, it is useful if, in addition to a first device for a first transfer foil, a further device for a further transfer foil is arranged, which is to be assigned to the other press plate or substrate side, wherein the second device is suitable for separating an adhesive foil from the substrate after the substrate has been lifted by the transfer device and / or for smoothing it on the corresponding press plate, preferably before the substrate is moved out of the press.

[0048] If a substrate is lifted, it may be necessary to insert or arrange another carriage underneath the substrate, for example, underneath the transfer device. During the separation of a transfer film adhered to the substrate, means for securing the substrate could be provided to prevent the substrate from shifting during the peeling or separation process.

[0049] The device for establishing or maintaining a specified distance can be configured to move parallel and / or at an angle to the transport direction of the substrate. An angled travel path would be advantageous because forces are not initially applied to the transfer film across its entire length / width. This is particularly advantageous during peeling, when peeling begins at an angle from a corner of the substrate.

[0050] Alternatively or cumulatively, it can be provided that the device is designed to move or pivot in order to create or maintain a predetermined distance from the long sides of the substrate, preferably at an angle or perpendicular to the transport direction of the substrate.

[0051] The device can be moved or swiveled into the pressing area from the side, for example independently or together with grippers / suction devices.

[0052] The device for manipulating the transfer film can also be driven on a rotary axis; here too, it is advantageous to first swivel over a corner of the substrate, for example, and, especially when peeling, to start with a small area / line before more and more force is introduced into the transfer film.

[0053] In a further preferred embodiment, several devices can be provided, preferably on the inlet and outlet sides of the press. In addition or alternatively, a device for detaching an adhesive film and at least one further device for lifting a hanging film can be arranged.

[0054] Overall, it is possible to use different devices with the same or different machine elements for contacting or manipulating the transfer film.

[0055] Among other things, it can be advantageous for a controlled peeling process if a roller or the device itself is spring-loaded or mounted in such a way that an alarm switch or measuring device ensures that the forces on the transfer film do not exceed a specified value and / or an alarm signal is triggered.

[0056] In the sense of the invention, predetermined or adjustable values / forces result, for example, from the maximum tensile force before the film irreversibly stretches, tears or warps, if necessary with a safety margin.

[0057] The above devices are described in terms of process technology below; the devices and the process can be used interchangeably with their features and are therefore not to be considered limiting.

[0058] The invention further relates to a method for pressing a substrate with a transfer film in a press with one or two movable press platens, preferably for forming a decoration and / or a haptic or relief-like surface, wherein at least one transfer film is transported and / or held along a press platen by a transfer device in the pressing area. The invention achieves the object for the method in that a device independent of the transfer device for the transfer film, preferably before or during the movement of a transport carriage in the pressing area, establishes, sets and / or secures a predetermined distance between the product side of the transfer film and the transfer device, the substrate and / or the respective opposite press platen.

[0059] The invention prevents manipulators such as suction cups, transport devices for the substrate or other moving machine elements from becoming caught in a dangling transfer film during production and causing production interruptions.

[0060] Furthermore, films adhering to the substrate can be peeled off after the pressing process, if necessary or intended.

[0061] In addition, the transfer film can be aligned or smoothed using this process without excessive or too strong tensile forces having to be introduced into the transfer film by the transfer device.

[0062] Alternatively or cumulatively, the device can be configured to electrostatically charge the transfer film and / or to press it at least partially or continuously against the press plate, preferably in order to facilitate the tensioning process of the transfer film by the transfer device or to reduce the tensile forces in the transfer film.

[0063] It is particularly preferred if the press platen is provided with means that can hold the transfer film in position, for example, a vacuum pad. A kind of ironing effect can be advantageous in this case without excessive tensile forces, in order to protect the transfer film.

[0064] In an extension of the problem to be solved, the invention also relates to a method for operating a press for pressing a substrate with a transfer film in a press with one or two movable press plates, preferably for forming a decoration and / or a haptic or relief-like surface, wherein at least one transfer film is transported and / or held by a transfer device in the pressing area along a press plate.

[0065] The invention solves the problem for the method in that the force on the transfer film and / or on parts of the transfer device is measured and / or monitored and, if the predetermined force is exceeded, the transfer device regulates the forces on the transfer film to a predetermined value.

[0066] This is particularly necessary or useful if the transfer film gets stuck after pressing or if other manipulators get caught in the transfer film and would damage the transfer film through their movements.

[0067] In particular, it is provided that, in order to avoid cracks or other damage or elongation of the firmly adhering film, the movable press plate only partially moves from the closed position towards the open position, wherein the partially open position of the press is preferably sufficient to move at least one device for separating the firmly adhering transfer film into or through the pressing area.

[0068] It can also be provided that the transfer film is fed in and / or out of the transfer device according to the opening path of the press plate in order to avoid exceeding the specified forces in the transfer film.

[0069] If necessary, this measure must be relativized again when peeling or smoothing the transfer film and implemented accordingly in the automation so that the transfer film can be peeled off the substrate or applied to the press plate in a consistent manner.

[0070] It is preferably provided that, by means of suitable measuring means on the device for establishing a distance of the transfer film, the resulting force in the device or the resulting force is measured or determined mathematically or on the basis of data from other devices.

[0071] In addition, the force can be limited mechanically or electronically using suitable means to prevent damage to the film.

[0072] The measuring devices are preferably operatively connected to the contact surfaces of the device with the transfer film, for example, to the holder of a roller, and the resulting force exerted on the transfer film by the device is measured there. Alternatively, this can also be done by the drive of the device, which is moved against the transfer film.

[0073] The above data / measurements can be used to provide the control or regulation device with data or measured values ​​to enable the control or regulation of the press or the devices.

[0074] It is preferably provided that when the transfer film is peeled off the substrate, the peeling angle or the opening angle of the transfer film relative to the substrate is measured and / or adjusted. Non-exhaustive possibilities would be measuring with a contactless sensor, an imaging camera or the like. In addition, using the options of the transfer device and / or the device for creating a distance, measured values ​​or framework data or parameters can be developed in a control or regulating device in order to advantageously control the device and / or the press. For example, in the interaction of the transfer roller or the brakes / drives of the supply rollers of the transfer device with the device for creating a distance, the peeling angle or the opening angle between the transfer film and the substrate can be determined and / or adjusted, thus ensuring gentle detachment of the transfer film.

[0075] In addition to the embodiments mentioned above, a coupled transport device for the substrate can be used in the press. In these coupled transport devices, the transport carriages for the substrate are arranged longitudinally outside the pressing area. To transport the substrate, support arms pivot into the pressing area when the transport carriages come to a stop next to the pressing area. The device for lifting the transfer film or for ensuring that the support arms with the clamping or suction elements attached to them do not collide with the transfer film can be arranged independently or on the transport carriages and can pivot into the pressing area in advance or with the support arms. The device can also be split or present in multiple parts.

[0076] Alternatively, it can also be swung in from the opposite side, preferably the other. This may also mean that the device for manipulating the transfer film during transport or while the transport carriage is moving out of the press area is swung out or extended, so that the transport devices can be moved even when the press is closed.

[0077] A roller or a similar device can, for example, be pivoted or rotated in or perpendicular to the press plate plane and is moved, moved, and / or pivoted from a rest position to a working position to fulfill its task. The device for manipulating the transfer film can, of course, also be engaged laterally or diagonally to the pressing area or the transport direction of the substrate and / or the transfer film, preferably to handle the transfer film gently.

[0078] Further advantageous measures and embodiments of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the following description with the drawing.

[0079] They show:

[0080] Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a press with two different transport carriages (left and right) for the substrate and a transfer device for the transfer film to illustrate various variants of the device according to the invention for creating and / or maintaining a distance between the transfer film and the substrate;

[0081] Figure 2 is a purely schematic plan view according to Figure 1, showing only a variant of the device according to the invention on the right-hand transport carriage;

[0082] Figure 3 is a simplified schematic representation of the pressing area and the invention with a left-hand device for fixing or smoothing the transport film on the upper press plate and an alternative device on the right-hand transport carriage showing the peeling function of an adhesive transfer film from the substrate;

[0083] Figures 4, 5 and 6 show further possible embodiments of the device according to the invention

[0084] The figures name the same machine elements with the same

[0085] Reference numerals. A multitude of possible embodiments are realized in a few figures; accordingly, individual features or explanations can be realized individually or in combination with other associated features as independent features in order to improve or realize the present subject matter of the invention.

[0086] Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a press 1 with two different transport carriages 2 (left and right) for the substrate 4 and a transfer device for the transfer film 4 to illustrate various inventive variants of the device or the method for creating and / or maintaining a distance of the transfer film 3 from the substrate 4. The transfer film 3 is guided or held in a transfer device which is essentially formed from two supply rolls 10, from which the transfer film 3 is unwound on the left and wound up on the right by the press 1. In an optimal state, the transfer film is stretched between the supply rolls 10 such that it lies flat against the upper press plate 11 of the press 1.

[0087] Tensioning can be performed by the tensioning rollers 14. When the transfer film 3 comes into contact with the upper press platen 11, a maximum distance 22 results from the underlying machine elements (press platen 12, transport carriage 2, device 7) or the substrate 4 if these should move into the pressing area 18. The pressing area is essentially formed by the press plates 11, 12, with the upper press platen 11 being shown as being movable by a drive 13 and being movable from an open position (as shown) to a closed position.

[0088] The production direction 24 shows the transport direction of a substrate 4 entering the press 1, which substrate is held on a transport carriage 2. One possibility for implementing the subject matter of the invention would be the arrangement of a cover 9 on the transport carriage 2, which pushes a sagging film upwards during entry, so that a predetermined distance 22 is created that is sufficient for the transport carriage 2 to be moved into the pressing area 18 in order to deposit the substrate 4 there.

[0089] Alternatively or additionally, a separate device 7 can be arranged on the left, on which a roller 5 can be retracted into the pressing area 18 by a drive 19, which can push the transfer film 3 upwards if it sags downwards. Alternatively, this roller 5 can also be arranged or moved in such a way that the transfer film is pressed or pressed against the upper press platen. By essentially ironing the transfer film 3 onto the press platen 11 or simply lifting the transfer film 3, the transfer device is able to tension the transfer film 3 more easily (see Figure 3).

[0090] In the pressing area 18 in Figure 1, a substrate 4 is already drawn in; this is intended to show an alternative way of how a right-hand transport carriage 2 moves into the press 1 to the left in order to pick up the substrate 4 and transport it out of the press. This takes place after the substrate has been pressed together with the transfer film 3. The transfer film 3 is shown in dashed lines on the substrate 4 for the extreme case of an adhesive transfer film 20. Figure 2 shows a corresponding plan view for this exemplary embodiment. If the tensioning rollers 14 are pulled too hard, the transfer film 20 can undergo uncontrolled plastic deformation or even tear. To prevent this, a device 7 is also arranged on the right-hand transport carriage, for example. This device 7 acts as a roller 5 and leads the transport carriage 2 as it moves into the pressing area 18 and, through a peeling effect, cf.Figure 3, gently peels the adhesive transfer film 20 from the surface of the substrate 4. This roller 5 can also be arranged at an angle to the production direction 24 in order to exert lower forces during peeling. As a result, by increasing the peel angle, the transfer film 20 can be more easily peeled from the substrate 4.

[0091] To ensure that after the transfer film 20 has been removed, the transfer film also remains safely outside the movable right-hand transport carriage 2 and its manipulators such as support arms 15 or suction cups 16, a cover 6 is also arranged above the transport carriage 2. This cover can also serve as a device to ensure the specified minimum distance between the transfer film and the underlying machine elements or the substrate 4.

[0092] The distance 22 is therefore determined between the product side 23 of the transfer film 3 and the underlying machine elements and is the side of the transfer film that should come into contact with the substrate. The opposite back side of the transfer film then rests against the corresponding press plate 11.

[0093] Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of the illustration in Figure 1 with respect to the transfer film 3 and its various possible states. As already explained, the specified distance 22 always refers to a distance starting from the product side 23 of the transfer film 3, which is to be pressed onto the substrate 4, and the opposing machine elements, preferably in the pressing area 18, or the substrate. A machine element is considered to be any machine part that is moved near or into the pressing area 18 and can potentially damage the transfer film 3. Two further different states of the transfer film are shown in dashed or dotted lines: one as a sagging transfer film 21 and one as an adhering transfer film 20 to the substrate 4.

[0094] Otherwise, the explanations for Figure 1 apply correspondingly to Figure 3. Figures 4 and 5 illustrate an alternative device for detaching or lifting the transfer film 3 from the substrate 4 or the lower press plate 12. Here, an independently movable roller 5 moves from right to left through the press area 18 and is guided and driven accordingly outside the press area 18. This can be performed, for example, before the transport carriage 2 moves from right to left into the press area to pick up the substrate 4 and transport it away to the right.

[0095] Figure 6 shows kinematically alternative embodiments. For example, the roller 5 as a device can be moved from the long side into or through the pressing area, in order to lift or unload the transfer film. A corresponding roller does not necessarily have to be used continuously. Shorter rollers, multiple rollers, or the like can also be used to achieve the aim or task of the device. For example, as shown in the lower area of ​​Figure 3, the rollers or other corresponding bodies can be pivoted into the pressing area. This is particularly preferred if they are arranged on the transport carriage 2.

[0096] Particularly preferably, the device is arranged on the transport carriage 2 and moves into the pressing area laterally together or in advance of the support arms 15 or suction cups 16 in order to ensure the necessary distance 22 of the transfer film 1026. List of reference symbols: ZP1026WO

[0097] 1 . Press

[0098] 2. Transport carriage

[0099] 3. Transfer film

[0100] 4. Substrat

[0101] 5. Roller

[0102] 6. Cover (right)

[0103] 7. Device

[0104] 8. Tension

[0105] 9. Cover (left)

[0106] 10. Supply roll for 3

[0107] 11. Press plate (top)

[0108] 12. Press plate (bottom)

[0109] 13. Drive

[0110] 14. Tension pulley for 3

[0111] 15. Support arms

[0112] 16. Suction cup

[0113] 17. Tension

[0114] 18. Pressing area

[0115] 19. Drive for 7

[0116] 20. Transfer film (adhesive)

[0117] 21. Transfer film (hanging)

[0118] 22. Distance

[0119] 23rd product page of 3

[0120] 24. Production direction

Claims

Patent claims 1. A press for finishing or laminating substrates, comprising one or two movable press plates (11, 12) for pressing the substrate (4) in a pressing area (18) with at least one transfer film (3), further comprising at least one transport carriage (2) for introducing and / or removing the substrate (4) into or from the pressing area (18) and at least one transfer device for transporting and / or positioning the transfer film (3) between the substrate (4) and the associated first press plate (11), characterized in that a device (7) independent of the transfer device for the transfer film (3) is arranged for creating or maintaining a predetermined distance (22) between the product side (23) of the transfer film (3) and the transfer device (2), to a substrate (4) and / or to the respective other press plate (12).

2. Press according to claim 1, characterized in that the Device (7) for creating or maintaining a distance (22) with its own drive (19) is movable at least in the region of the pressing area (18) or is arranged on other movable machine elements or devices, preferably on the transfer device (2), with or without its own drive (19).

3. Press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the device (7) for creating or maintaining the distance (22) is a Roller (5), a cover (6, 9), a blowing bar, a separating wedge, a scraper and / or means for creating an air curtain or an air barrier is arranged.

4. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (7) is suitable for applying, fixing and / or smoothing the transfer film (3) to the associated press plate (11, 12) and / or that further means for this purpose are arranged in the press.

5. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two transfer devices for one or two transfer films (3) are arranged, wherein preferably each transfer device or each transfer film (3) is assigned to its own press plate (11, 12).

6. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maximum distance (22) is reached when the transfer film (3) comes into contact with the associated press plate (11, 12).

7. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that sensors for measuring and / or drives for introducing a tensioning force (17) into the transfer film (3) are arranged in the press (1) or on the transfer device for the transfer film (3).

8. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control or regulating device and, if necessary, suitable measuring devices for controlling and / or regulating the clamping force (17), the positioning and / or drives (13, 19) of the device (7) or the press (1) are arranged in the press (1).

9. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a measuring system is arranged to detect a, preferably one-sided, elongation and / or a tear and / or wrinkling of the transfer film (3).

10. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two supply rolls (10), at least one tensioning roll (14) and drives for transport through the pressing area (18) and / or for the tensioning force are arranged as a transfer device for the transfer film (3).

11. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (7) and / or a transport carriage (2) is suitable for fixing or passing one end of the transfer film (3) through the pressing area (18).

12. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in addition to a first device (7) for a first transfer film, a further device (7) for a further transfer film (3) is arranged, which is assigned to the other press plate or substrate side, wherein the second device is suitable for separating an adhesive film from the substrate (4) and / or smoothing it on the corresponding press plate (12) after the substrate (4) has been lifted by the transfer device (2), preferably before the substrate (4) is moved out of the press.

13. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means for fixing the substrate (4) are arranged in the course of the separation of a transfer film (3) adhering to the substrate (4).

14. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (7) for creating or maintaining a predetermined distance (22) is set up to move parallel and / or at an angle to the transport direction of the substrate (4) or that the device (7) for creating or maintaining a predetermined distance (22) is set up to move or pivot from the long sides of the substrate, preferably at an angle or perpendicular to the transport direction of the substrate (4).

15. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several devices (7) are provided, preferably on the inlet and outlet sides of the press (1) and / or a device (7) for detaching an adhesive film and at least one device for lifting a hanging film, wherein preferably the different devices (7) have the same or different machine elements for contacting or manipulating the transfer film (3).

16. Method for pressing a substrate with a transfer film in a press with one or two movable press platens, preferably for forming a decoration and / or a haptic or relief-like surface, wherein at least one transfer film is transported and / or held along a press platen (11) by a transfer device in the pressing area, characterized in that a device (7) which is independent of the transfer device for the transfer film (3), preferably before or during the movement of a transport carriage (2) in the pressing area (18), sets or secures a predetermined distance (22) of the product side (23) of the transfer film (3) to the transfer device (2), the substrate (4) and / or the respectively opposite press platen (12).

17. Method according to the preceding method claim, characterized in that the device (7) is suitable for electrostatically charging the transfer film (3) and / or pressing it at least partially or continuously against the press plate (11, 12), preferably in order to facilitate the tensioning process of the transfer film (3) by the transfer device or to reduce the tensile forces in the transfer film.

18. Method for operating a press for pressing a substrate with a transfer film in a press with one or two movable press plates, preferably for forming a decoration and / or a haptic or relief-like surface, wherein at least one transfer film is transported and / or held along a press plate by a transfer device in the pressing area, characterized in that the force on the transfer film and / or on parts of the transfer device is measured and / or monitored and if the predetermined force is exceeded, the transfer device regulates the forces on the transfer film to a predetermined value.

19. Method according to the preceding method claim, characterized in that in order to avoid cracks or other damage or elongation of the firmly adhering film, the movable press plate moves only partially from the closed position towards the open position, wherein preferably the partially open position of the press is sufficient to move at least one device for separating or peeling off the firmly adhering transfer film into or through the pressing area.

20. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that according to the opening path of the press plate from the transfer device, the transfer film is inserted and / or is adjusted on the output side to avoid exceeding the specified forces in the transfer film.

21. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the resulting force is measured and / or limited by suitable means by means of suitable measuring means on the device (7), in particular operatively connected to the contact surfaces of the device (7) to the transfer film (3).

22. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that when the transfer film is peeled off the substrate, the peeling angle or the opening angle of the transfer film relative to the substrate is measured and / or adjusted, preferably measured with a contactless sensor, a camera and / or adjusted by means of the possibilities of the transfer device and / or the device (7) for creating a distance.

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