Energy system

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat transfer fluid, in particular a heat transfer fluid for a thermal device such as a heater, a heat pump, a heat exchanger, a fluid container or similar, comprising a base fluid, in particular a liquid base fluid, and at least one additive arranged in the base fluid, wherein the at least one additive is in the form of an additive that changes the heat capacity of the base fluid, selected from the group of additives comprising glycols, ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, higher alkylene glycols, medium-chain triglycerides, minerals, natural stones, soapstone, talc shale, fireclay, coconut fiber, marble, marble mixtures, heat-storing minerals, substances obtained from palm fat, monoethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and similar. The invention also relates to a thermal unit, a concentrate and a method for same.

Description

[0001] Energy system

[0002] Description

[0003] The invention relates to a heat transfer fluid, in particular a heat transfer fluid for a thermal device such as a heater, a heat pump, a heat exchanger, a fluid container or the like according to claim 1.

[0004] Furthermore, the invention relates to a thermal material according to claim 3 which changes a heat capacity, in particular the heat storage capacity and / or the thermal conductivity.

[0005] Furthermore, the invention relates to a thermal device, in particular a thermal device having at least one heat-transfer fluid, such as a radiator, a heat pump, a heat exchanger, a fluid container or the like, according to claim 4.

[0006] Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for tempering an environment according to claim 8, in particular for cooling and / or heating an environment by releasing and / or absorbing thermal energy, in particular by means of a thermal device.

[0007] The invention also relates to a concentrate for a thermal device according to claim 12.

[0008] Last but not least, the invention relates to a method for producing a thermal device according to claim 13.

[0009] Heaters, stoves, heat pumps, thermos flasks, cooling containers, and the like are generally known from the prior art. Such thermal devices use media, usually liquids such as water, to release heat or to retain the heat of absorbed fluids relative to ambient heat for as long as possible. To improve the energy efficiency of such thermal devices, various measures are required, such as enlargement—in the case of an increase in heat energy output.

[0010] - or reduce - in case of a reduction in heat energy output -

[0011] - of surfaces. These measures usually require extensive modifications or even new installations of the thermal equipment.

[0012] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a heat transfer fluid, a thermal material, a thermal device, a method for temperature control, a concentrate and a method for producing a thermal device, with which new and existing devices and methods can be retrofitted for increasing energy efficiency and new improved devices and methods can be created.

[0013] These and other objects are achieved based on a heat transfer fluid according to claim 1, a thermal material according to claim 3, a thermal device according to claim 4, a method according to claim 8, a concentrate according to claim 12, and a method according to claim 13. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

[0014] The invention includes the technical teaching that a heat transfer fluid, in particular a heat transfer fluid for a thermal device such as a heater, a heat pump and the like, is provided to comprise: a base fluid, in particular a liquid base fluid, and an additive arranged in the base fluid, wherein the additive is designed as an additive that modifies the heat capacity and / or the conductivity of the base fluid, selected from the group of additives comprising glycols, ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, higher alkylene glycols, medium-chain triglycerides, minerals, natural stones, soapstone, talc slate, fireclay, coconut fiber, coconut shell fiber, coconut oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, marble, marble mixtures, heat-storing minerals, zeolites, ferrite, silica gel, coconut shell fibers, glass foam, foamed glass, volcanic stone, substances derived from palm fat, monoethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, Triethylene glycol, graphite, copper, basalt,Plastic composites, composite materials, mixtures thereof, and the like. The heat transfer fluid comprises a base fluid and at least one additive. The base fluid is preferably a liquid, but in other embodiments can also be a gas or a binary liquid. Preferably, especially when retrofitting existing systems, the base fluid is water, in particular heating water or tap water. The base fluid is preferably a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium that transports heat in a heating or cooling circuit from a location of higher temperature to a location of lower temperature, or is also provided as a non-flowing or non-current fluid. Depending on the application and temperature range, the heat transfer medium can also be used as a heating medium, as a heating agent, or as a coolant or cooling medium, or as a refrigerant.when used below 0°C. Heat transfer media are transported, for example, in pipelines or stored in containers or vessels. According to the invention, the base fluid can also be a heat-conducting medium, which transfers the heat without being moved itself. The base fluid can therefore be a heat transfer medium or a heat-conducting medium. In particular, the base fluid is a food-safe medium or fluid, which is not dangerous for the consumer even when used with food. Such base fluids are already used in existing thermal devices. The base fluid itself can be formed as a mixture. Preferably, the heat transfer fluid is water, tap water, heating water or the like. What other mixtures could be considered for the base fluid? The conductivity can be a thermal conductivity or a substance, particle,Charge-conducting conductivity. For example, the conductivity can be thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, magnetic conductivity, dielectric conductivity, molar conductivity, capillary conductivity, and / or hydraulic conductivity. The conductivity is preferably thermal conductivity.

[0015] In particular, in one embodiment, the additive does not comprise any water-soluble hydrocarbon compound and is thus free of water-soluble hydrocarbons. In order to improve the energy efficiency of new and existing systems, the heat transfer fluid (including the heat-conducting media) comprises at least one additive in addition to the base fluid. According to the invention, the additive is designed to change the heat capacity of the base fluid and thus that of the heat transfer fluid. The additive is designed such that it increases the heat capacity of the base fluid by at least 2.5%, more preferably by at least 5%, and most preferably by at least 7.5%. The measurement of the heat capacity or the change in heat capacity can be calculated using conventional measuring methods and / or by considering the individual heat capacities of all materials, taking into account their mass fractions.The additive can increase or decrease the heat capacity of the base fluid and thus of the heat transfer fluid depending on the intended application. The additive differs from the base fluid by at least one material property, for example by the state of aggregation, by the substance or material itself, by the temperature, by the density, by the concentration or the like. Preferably, the additive is made of a different material or is a different substance than the base fluid. Preferably, the additive is an additive that is at least partially soluble in the base fluid, for example a water-soluble additive. More preferably, the additive is a water-insoluble additive. In a preferred embodiment, at least one water-insoluble additive is provided. Another embodiment provides that no water-soluble additives are provided.

[0016] The base fluid is preferably water, an alcohol-water solution, a salt-water solution, air, a thermal oil, a molten salt, and / or a liquid metal. Most preferably, the base fluid is water, especially tap water.

[0017] The additive can be any additive that changes the heat capacity of the base fluid and thus of the heat transfer fluid. Depending on the application, the additive can increase or decrease the heat capacity of the base fluid. One additive can be provided. In other embodiments, two or more additives can be provided. The additive can be in fluid form, gaseous or liquid, and / or in solid form, or in a combination, for example as a binary fluid such as an ice-water mixture. The concentration of base fluid and additive is preferably in the range of 1 to 35% by weight of additive to base fluid, i.e. the percentage mass fraction of the additive is therefore a maximum of 35% of the mass fraction of the base fluid and a minimum of 1% by weight. More preferably, the concentration of additive and base fluid is greater than or equal to 5% by weight and less than or equal to 30% by weight. Other concentrations are possible.A concentration of the additive in the base fluid of around 25% by weight is preferred.

[0018] Additives include, in particular, additives from the group comprising glycols, ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, higher alkylene glycols, medium-chain triglycerides, minerals, natural stones, soapstone, talc slate, fireclay, coconut fiber, marble, marble mixtures, heat-storing minerals, palm-derived substances, monoethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and the like. The additives can be provided in any form and include other materials such as micronized volcanic earth, silicon crystals, graphene, copper, graphite, fullerene, and shungite.

[0019] The additive can comprise one or more additives. For example, a first additive can be a glycol and a further additive can be coconut oil. In a preferred embodiment, the additive comprises at least two additives, wherein a first additive is a glycol, in particular an ethylene alcohol, and a further additive is a medium-chain triglyceride, for example coconut oil. The concentration of the first and second additives is preferably in a ratio of approximately 2:1. In particular, the concentration of the second additive to the first additive is in the range from 0 to 50% by weight to 100 to 50% by weight, so that the total concentration of the additives is 100% by weight. Other concentrations are, for example, 0 to 40% by weight to 100 to 60% by weight, from 0 to 35% by weight to 100 to 65% by weight.In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer fluid has a concentration of base fluid, first additive, and second additive of 70% by weight to 20% by weight to 10% by weight, each plus or minus 5% by weight, so that the total is 100% by weight. Further examples are given in the following table:.

[0020] , whereby the values ​​can each be changed by plus / minus 5% by weight so that the total is 100% by weight. A preferred embodiment of a fluid is a mixture of a mono-ethylene glycol, a polyethylene glycol and water. The mixing ratio can be varied depending on the application. A preferred mixing ratio provides for approximately 50% by weight of water and approximately 50% by weight of mono- and poly-ethylene glycols. Mono- and poly-ethylene glycol can be provided in any desired mixing ratio. The molar mass of the mixture of mono- and poly-ethylene glycol is preferably in the range from approximately 200 to approximately 600 g / mol. Other values ​​are possible depending on the application. Any combination of additives according to the disclosure is conceivable. For example, an additive comprising polyethylene glycol and graphite is possible.

[0021] In a further preferred embodiment, a further additive is provided for the mixture of water and the mixture of mono- and polyethylene glycol. The additive can be any of the additives listed above or several of the additives listed above. A preferred embodiment provides for an additive of coconut oil, coconut fat, graphite, MCT, rapeseed oil, and / or palm oil.

[0022] The main component of the heat transfer fluid is the base fluid, for example, tap water. The smallest components are preferably copper and / or graphite.

[0023] In a further preferred embodiment, the additive is an additive that increases the conductivity, in particular the electrical conductivity, of the base fluid. The additive is designed such that it increases the conductivity of the base fluid by at least 2.5%, preferably by at least 5%, and most preferably by 7.5%.

[0024] In one embodiment of the invention, the additive is provided as a fluid, granulate, mesh, foamed material, powder, fiber, and / or flour or ground material. When granulated, the additive is particularly selected from the group of materials comprising: soapstone, talc slate, fireclay, coconut fiber, marble and mixtures thereof, talc, graphite, copper, heat-storing minerals, and combinations thereof. The materials can be added in any desired form. The additive is preferably in a powdered, ground, or other comminuted form.

[0025] The additive can be mixed with the base fluid to produce the heat transfer fluid. In another embodiment, the additive can be subsequently added to the base fluid. Preferably, the additive is dissolved in the base fluid, or at least not visible to the human eye without additional aids. Preferably, the additive, if in powdered or granular or ground form, has a grain size of less than or equal to 10 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 5 mm, and even more preferably less than or equal to 2.5 mm or smaller.

[0026] The invention also includes the technical teaching that in a thermal material that modifies a heat capacity, in particular the heat storage capacity or the conductivity, in particular the thermal conductivity, it is provided that this at least matrix material such as resin, in particular epoxy resin, a castable material or casting material or the like, in particular a layer thereof, and at least one additive that modifies the heat capacity, in particular the heat storage capacity and / or the thermal conductivity or the conductivity, selected from the group of additives comprising glycols, ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, higher alkylene glycols, medium-chain triglycerides, minerals, natural stones, soapstone, talc slate, fireclay, coconut fiber, coconut oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, marble, marble mixtures, heat-storing minerals, zeolites, ferrite, silica gel, coconut shell fibers, glass foam, foamed glass, volcanic stone, substances derived from palm fat, monoethylene glycol,Propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, graphite, copper, basalt, plastic composite, composite materials, wherein the material is cast with the epoxy resin and / or the epoxy resin is formed as a material at least partially surrounding it. In one embodiment, the thermal material is a casting material in which at least one of the additives is embedded and / or cast. Preferably, the casting material is an epoxy resin. In one embodiment, the additive is formed as a copper tube, in particular as a copper tube filled with one or more additives. In other embodiments, the additive is formed as several copper tubes, in particular as several copper tubes filled with one or more additives. In one embodiment, the copper tube and / or the copper tubes are cast in the matrix material, in particular the resin, preferably the epoxy resin. The respective copper tube can have various shapes,For example, the copper pipe can be curved, spiral, meandering, or similar. The respective cross-section can be the same over the length of the pipe or can vary at least in sections. The wall thickness of the pipe can be the same over the length of the pipe or can vary at least partially - continuously or abruptly. The cross-section can be any shape, for example circular or annular, oval, angular, or the like. In one embodiment, at least one copper pipe is arranged on and / or in a thermal device, for example a radiator. In particular, in one embodiment, copper pipes are arranged between two spaced surfaces of a thermal device, for example a radiator, as heat storage and / or heat conductors. The respective copper pipe is filled with various storage media such as coconut, quartz sand, fireclay,Soapstone or another heat-capacity-modifying material as listed above. The open ends of each pipe are sealed, for example, with epoxy resin. The respective copper pipe is spirally wrapped with a thinner or smaller-diameter copper pipe. Rising heat is thus forced into a swirl, and the heat rises without the need for an additional fan or swirler. This results in less dust being stirred up, faster heating of the environment, and beneficial IRA radiation. In another embodiment, the copper pipes are placed in a container containing a liquid such as water to humidify the room air.

[0027] Anodized aluminum and / or quartz sand can also be used as additional additives. For example, a housing of a thermal device such as a radiator can have at least one surface made of anodized aluminum. In other embodiments, multiple surfaces made of anodized aluminum are provided. In further configurations, surfaces of the radiator are coated with anodized aluminum, for example by painting, spraying, varnishing, dipping, and the like. Further configurations can provide for receiving spaces to be provided in the anodized aluminum material, which can be filled with additional additives, for example quartz sand or the like. For example, at least one surface of the thermal device has a corresponding hollow and / or receiving space, which is filled with or can be filled with a further additive, for example quartz sand. Instead of a single additive, multiple additives can also be provided.In another embodiment, the thermal material is cast directly onto the thermal device. A frame is attached to the thermal device, defining a casting space. The matrix material with the additive is poured into this casting space. The matrix material with the additive is hardened, and the frame is removed. This firmly bonds the thermal material to the thermal device. In other embodiments, cladding can be cast separately and subsequently attached to the thermal device. Better (thermal) conductivity is achieved by applying / casting directly onto the thermal device.

[0028] A thermal device can be a device for heating and / or cooling. Both the heating and cooling devices can have at least one region designed as a thermal insulator. For this purpose, the thermal insulator designed as an insulator layer comprises, in addition to the matrix material such as a resin, foamed glass or another suitable additive. Foamed glass is preferably used. This foamed glass or another suitable additive is incorporated into a matrix material, preferably a resin, preferably epoxy resin, for example by painting, dipping, pouring, or the like. Further additives can be incorporated into the resin. The insulator layers of a thermal device can then be realized from this resin-glass foam material or, more generally, matrix-additional material.The layer can be applied directly to a surface of the thermal device, for example by painting, varnishing, spraying, dipping, or the like. In another embodiment, the insulating layer is designed as a separate surface, for example as a plate or the like, which is either cast directly onto the thermal device or attached to the thermal device as a separate plate, for example by gluing or screwing. This plate can then be attached to the thermal device using fasteners. Examples of thermal devices for cooling include cold storage rooms, refrigerated vehicles, refrigerators, airplanes, cool bags, freezer chests, and the like. Such insulating layers can also be used as heat protection, for example as heat-resistant tiles, as are also used in aerospace.An example of a material for an insulator, for example for cooling purposes or for heat protection, can comprise foamed glass and silica gel, which is preferably embedded in a matrix material such as resin, preferably epoxy resin. Further additives can be graphite, copper and / or coconut fibers. The additives are preferably in ground, rubbed or other powder form, in particular in a form with a maximum grain size of 10 mm, preferably max. 5 mm and most preferably max. 2.5 mm. Such insulator layers are environmentally friendly and can be used repeatedly. The insulator layers are not limited to the applications listed here. The insulator layer can be in various forms: liquid, gaseous, solid or combinations thereof.

[0029] Bitumen can also be used as an additional additive or material for applying a thermal layer and / or for embedding glass foam. A combination of glass foam and bitumen, along with other additives if necessary, is particularly advantageous when applying the insulating layer or insulator layer.

[0030] In yet another embodiment, the thermal material can also have additives applied in addition to the resin layer. For example, sheets, such as coconut fibers or other additives, can be applied in and / or on the resin layer. Meshes can also be made from the additives, which are then arranged on and / or in the resin layer.

[0031] In one embodiment, the thermal material can be designed as an insulating thermal material, as already described above. In another embodiment, the thermal material can be designed as a conductive, in particular heat-conducting, thermal material. In one embodiment, the thermal material is applied directly to a thermal device, for example a radiator, for example by means of an immersion bath, painting, spraying, casting, gluing, or in another way. In another embodiment, the thermal material can be designed as a wall, cladding, plate, or the like. In an embodiment as a wall and the like, the thermal material can be attached to a radiator or, more generally, to a thermal device by means of connecting means. A conductive thermal material also comprises a matrix material and an additive, wherein the additive is designed as a more conductive additive or as an additive that increases conductivity.The additive, for example graphite, copper, natural stone such as volcanic stone, soapstone, talc and / or fireclay, preferably in powder form, is / will be embedded in the matrix material. The main proportion of the thermal material is the matrix material, for example the resin, preferably the epoxy resin. The smallest proportion is copper and / or graphite, if present. For example, the matrix material has a proportion of at least 25% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight and most of all at least 75% by weight. Additives such as stones, minerals, natural stone, talc, volcanic stone, soapstone, fireclay, in particular additives with a higher heat storage capacity, have a proportion of a maximum of 25% by weight, preferably a maximum of 15% by weight and preferably a maximum of 10% by weight. Other additives, which in particular have a higher conductivity, such as copper and graphite, have a proportion of max.5% by weight, preferably a maximum of 2.5% by weight, and most preferably a maximum of 1.5% by weight. The additives differ particularly in their heat storage capacity and their (thermal) conductivity. Additives with higher heat storage capacity have a higher proportion of the thermal material than additives with higher conductivity. A preferred embodiment provides an epoxy resin as the casting material, into which soapstone, volcanic stone, talc, firebrick, as well as copper and graphite are embedded. In this embodiment, the additives are embedded in powder form in the matrix material, here the epoxy resin.

[0032] The invention also includes the technical teaching that in a thermal device, in particular a thermal device comprising a heat transfer fluid as described here and / or a thermal material as described here that modifies the heat capacity and / or conductivity, such as a radiator, a heat pump, a heat exchanger, a fluid container or the like, wherein at least one heat transfer body is provided which has at least one heat transfer fluid chamber which is filled and / or can be filled with at least one heat transfer fluid and / or through which at least one heat transfer fluid can pass or flow, and with a wall delimiting the heat transfer fluid chamber, via which thermal energy can be transferred from the heat transfer fluid to the environment or vice versa,that at least one heat capacity-modifying and / or thermal conductivity-modifying means is provided on the inside and / or outside of the heat-dissipating body, selected from the group comprising: a coating, ribs, recesses, moldings, deflections, fans, cladding, insulation, sponges, porous minerals, and the like, and / or a thermal material described here. The thermal device preferably has different thermal materials at different locations. In particular, the thermal device is designed as an asymmetrical thermal device, which has a different thermal material in terms of thermal capacity and / or conductivity at one location than at another location. For example, the thermal device has a thermal material designed as an insulator layer on one side and / or location and a thermal material designed as a heat conductor on another side / location.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, the means or means are made of a material that differs from the material of the heat transfer body, in particular in the form of a fluid, granulate, mesh, foamed material, powder, fiber, and / or flour or ground material and / or with a sponge structure and / or heat-storing minerals. In particular, the aforementioned means are designed as a composite material, wherein the aforementioned substances are formed in a matrix material such as a resin, preferably in an epoxy resin composite.

[0034] The thermal device can be any device in which heat transfer takes place, for example a heater, a thermos flask, a bathtub, a cold pack, a wine cooler, a radiator, heating pipes, or the like. The thermal device has a heat transfer body. This heat transfer body has a heat transfer fluid chamber and a wall surrounding it. The heat transfer fluid is stored at least temporarily in the heat transfer fluid chamber. Heat transfer takes place via the wall. Depending on the environment and heat transfer fluid, the heat transfer can be directed towards the heat transfer fluid or away from the heat transfer fluid, depending on whether cooling or heating of the environment is desired. The heat transfer fluid chamber can be designed as a tank, container, interior space, pipeline, intermediate space in a double-walled wall, and the like.The wall is made of a material that conducts heat well, such as sheet metal, metal, metal alloys, and the like. A thermal material is provided at at least one point on the wall(s). One point on the wall(s) has a thermal material that increases heat radiation, i.e., heat conduction away from the wall. Another point on the wall(s) has a thermal material that reduces heat radiation, i.e., heat conduction away from the wall, for example, an insulator layer. Other heat-conducting means can be provided. Preferably, a thermal material is cast onto one point / side of the wall(s). The cast-on thermal material is preferably an epoxy resin, into which additives such as fireclay, talc, volcanic stone, soapstone, and coconut shell fiber are provided in powder form as additives to increase heat storage capacity, and copper and / or graphite are provided in powder form as additives to increase conductivity.The thermal material is poured directly onto the wall and cured there.

[0035] The heat transfer body has a heat capacity-modifying agent and / or a thermal material on the wall – inside and / or outside. Depending on the application, the agent can increase or decrease the heat capacity and / or the (thermal) conductivity of the wall and thus of the heat transfer body. Particularly preferably, the agent is designed as a coating that is arranged inside and / or outside the wall – i.e., on an inside of the wall facing the heat transfer fluid space and / or an outside of the wall facing the environment. The coating comprises at least a certain percentage of soapstone flour, talc slate, fireclay, coconut fiber, marble, or other heat-storing minerals. The proportion of the aforementioned substances is at least 5% by weight relative to the remaining coating. Other proportions are contemplated.For example, in one embodiment, the additives can amount to a maximum of 10% by weight, preferably a maximum of 7.5% by weight, and most preferably a maximum of 5% by weight. The weight percentages of the additives can vary from one another. In particular, the proportion of additives that increase heat storage capacity is higher relative to the additives that increase heat storage capacity and / or thermal conductivity to a lesser extent. The thermal material preferably comprises a matrix material, in particular a resin, preferably an epoxy resin, with a proportion of at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 75% by weight, and most preferably at least 90% by weight.

[0036] In one embodiment, the thermal device is designed as an asymmetrical thermal device. For example, the thermal device comprises an insulating thermal material on one side and a non-insulating thermal material, particularly one that increases thermal conductivity, on the other side. This allows heat radiation to be directed in a targeted manner, for example, less strongly toward a wall using insulating thermal material and more strongly toward a room using non-insulating thermal material. Other embodiments provide an at least partially symmetrical thermal device with opposing surfaces configured either as insulators or as heat conductors.

[0037] In one embodiment, a layer of epoxy resin, for example, is provided as the insulating thermal material, which is at least partially surrounded by foamed glass and / or embedded in the foamed glass. In one embodiment, the foamed glass can be cast with the epoxy resin and / or contain other additives.

[0038] As a non-insulating thermal material, the thermal material may comprise a layer of epoxy resin in and / or on which one or more additives are arranged, for example graphite, copper, soapstone, zeolites, ferrites, silica gel, fireclay, coconut fibers, volcanic stone, and the like.

[0039] The thermal material can be constructed in layers, particularly in a sandwich design. The thermal device can be arranged on the thermal device—e.g., the radiator—in any desired manner. In one embodiment, the thermal device is glued, for example, using a graphite silicone. In another embodiment, the thermal device or the additives are applied to the radiator by painting, varnishing, spraying, immersion bathing, or the like. In further embodiments, the thermal material can be detachably connected to a radiator or the like. Preferably, the thermal material is poured directly onto the wall of the thermal device and cured there. After curing, further materials can be applied to the thermal material.

[0040] In one embodiment, the materials—additives or the like—can be formed as an epoxy composite material. As a composite material—epoxy composite material plus material / additive—the means can be formed as panels or in other forms, for example, as cladding, moldings, insulation, and the like.

[0041] A further positive embodiment of the present invention provides for a controller to be provided, via which the temperature control—heating, cooling—of an environment can be controlled by means of the thermal device. In particular, the controller allows for temperature control of the heat transfer fluid, so that the heat transfer fluid can be heated or cooled depending on the application. The controller can also control the supply or discharge of the heat transfer fluid.

[0042] Another advantageous embodiment provides for the thermal device to be designed as a hybrid device with at least two circuits, one circuit being a heating circuit and one circuit being a heat pump circuit. The control system is designed for the hybrid device, which can switch between the thermal energy utilization of the two different circuits. In a further embodiment, for example, an additional heat pump circuit is provided, so that the heat pump can be operated in both the cooling circuit and the heating circuit.

[0043] Furthermore, the invention includes the technical teaching that in a method for tempering an environment, in particular for cooling and / or heating an environment by releasing and / or absorbing thermal energy, in particular by means of a thermal device described here, it is provided that an additive described here is added to a heat transfer fluid described here, more precisely to a base fluid described here, wherein the at least one additive is designed as an additive that changes the heat capacity and / or conductivity of the base fluid, selected from the group of additives comprising glycols, ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, higher alkylene glycols, medium-chain triglycerides, minerals, natural stones, soapstone, talc slate, fireclay, coconut fiber, coconut oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, marble, marble mixtures, heat-storing minerals, zeolites, ferrite, silica gel, coconut shell fibers, glass foam, foamed glass, volcanic stone, substances derived from palm fat,Monoethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, graphite, copper, basalt, plastic composite, composite materials and / or a heat transfer body of the thermal device, a heat capacity-changing and / or conductivity-changing agent selected from the group comprising: a coating, ribs, recesses, moldings, deflections, fans, cladding, insulation, sponges, porous minerals and / or a thermal material described herein and the like is added.

[0044] Preferably, the heat energy transfer and / or absorption is controlled via a controller, in particular the controller described here.

[0045] It is also provided that the heat capacity-changing and / or conductivity-changing means and / or the thermal material are subsequently incorporated and / or attached into and / or to existing heat exchanger equipment, for example by coating, filling into a channel or heat transfer fluid space or the like.

[0046] It is also intended to increase heat transfer through heat transfer media such as fans, molded-on elements, recesses, and / or thermal materials, etc. For example, water swirlers can be provided centrally or for each radiator, particularly those that give the bass fluid a hexagonal structure.

[0047] The thermal device can be implemented in various ways. For example, the thermal device can also be designed as an underfloor heating system. The screed can already contain additives and / or thermal material, or the additives and / or thermal material can be added later. The underfloor heating can be implemented, for example, as an asymmetrical underfloor heating system. On the side facing the floor, the pipes are fitted with the non-insulating thermal material. On the side facing away from the floor, the pipes are fitted with the insulating thermal material.The invention also includes the technical teaching that, in a concentrate for a thermal device, in particular for a thermal device described here, wherein the concentrate comprises a heat transfer fluid and / or a thermal material described here, the proportion of the base fluid is less than or equal to 50% by weight and the proportion of the additives is correspondingly greater than or equal to 50% by weight, so that the proportions of the base fluid and the additives and / or the thermal material together amount to 100% by weight of the concentrate, with further components not being taken into account. Preferably, the concentrate has a proportion of less than or equal to 1% by weight as the base fluid. In particular, the concentrate is formed with an additive of ethylene glycol - MCT or ethylene glycol - medium-chain triglycerides. The proportion of the additive (ethylene glycol - MTC) is preferably greater than or equal to 99% by weight.The base fluid, which can also be offered separately from the additive in liquid form, is preferably demineralized or distilled water. In addition to increasing heat capacity, the concentrate can also be used as a limescale protector, corrosion inhibitor, and / or to improve lubrication.

[0048] Last but not least, the invention includes the technical teaching that in a method for producing a thermal device, in particular a thermal device described here, the steps are comprised: providing a heat transfer body which has at least one heat transfer fluid space and at least one wall delimiting the heat transfer fluid space, filling the heat transfer fluid space with at least one heat transfer fluid, in particular a heat transfer fluid described here, wherein at least one heat capacity-changing and / or conductivity-changing agent is provided on the inside and / or outside of the heat transfer body, selected from the group comprising: a coating, ribs, recesses, moldings, deflections, fans, insulation, sponges, porous minerals and / or a thermal material described here or the like.

[0049] In one embodiment, the agents are applied to the wall by casting. In another embodiment, the agents are applied by casting a matrix material in which at least one additive, preferably several additives, are embedded, in particular by casting an epoxy resin in which the additives firebrick, volcanic stone, talc, coconut shell, graphite, and / or copper are embedded, preferably in powder form, onto the wall and hardening of the agents, in particular the matrix material.

[0050] The thermal device can be any desired thermal device. The thermal device is preferably a radiator, preferably a radiator with a wall made of metal or a metal compound. The wall surrounds and / or delimits the heat transfer fluid chamber, which is designed to accommodate the heat transfer fluid. Thus, the wall essentially forms the heat transfer body. The heat capacity-modifying and / or conductivity-modifying means are arranged inside and / or outside the heat transfer body, in particular the wall. The means can be arranged detachably or permanently. Preferably, the means are arranged permanently, in particular essentially by means of a material bond. For example, the means can be applied by painting, varnishing, spraying, immersion bathing, gluing, casting, welding, soldering, and the like. A preferred embodiment provides for the means to be applied to the wall by casting.For this purpose, the agents are preferably designed as a curable matrix material into which additives are embedded. The matrix material is preferably a casting resin, in particular an epoxy resin, which can be cured. First, the agents are produced. For this purpose, a flowable material is produced which comprises the matrix material and the additive(s). The mixing ratio of matrix material and additives can be adjusted depending on the application and preferably corresponds to a mixing ratio described here. The additives are added to the liquid matrix material, preferably the liquid epoxy resin, while stirring. The additives are preferably in powder form. The proportion of additives in relation to the matrix material is less than 15% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, and most preferably less than 7.5% by weight.The proportions of the additives are preferably at least partially different, so that, for example, 10% of the additives is copper and more or less than 10% of the additives is another additive, for example volcanic stone. After the agent has been mixed, it is applied to the wall. For this purpose, aids such as a frame, depressions, moldings and the like can be provided on the wall. In particular, the aids can be removed from the wall later, provided they do not involve direct deformations of the wall. For example, a pouring frame is provided which, together with the wall, forms a pouring chamber. The liquid agent is poured into the pouring chamber and hardens. After hardening, the pouring frame is removed. The hardened agent is firmly bonded to the wall.

[0051] The thermal material, which sits on the wall - detachably or permanently - has a volume. The volume is designed such that sufficient heat storage and heat radiation can be achieved. In particular, the thermal material has a material thickness or strength greater than 2.5 mm, preferably greater than 5 mm, and most preferably greater than 7.5 mm. Color mixtures can also be incorporated into the liquid material to make the thermal material visually appealing. The thermal material can also be formed separately as a plate, which is subsequently attached to the wall. The plate or thermal material preferably has a wall thickness or strength no greater than 5 cm, preferably no greater than 4 cm, and most preferably no greater than 3 cm. The shape of the thermal material is preferably selected such that one side of the wall is covered.In one embodiment, the thermal material is preferably designed as a thermal conduction and / or thermal radiation material. In another embodiment, the thermal material is designed as a thermal insulator material. The thermal insulator material is preferably applied to the wall by casting, similar to the thermal radiation material. A thermally insulating material such as foam glass, foamed glass, or the like is incorporated into the matrix material. The thermally insulating material is preferably also in powder form or in small pieces and is embedded in the liquid matrix material, then applied to the wall, where it hardens. The method preferably provides for one side or location of the wall to be cast with a thermally insulating material, and another side or location to be cast with a thermally conduction thermal material. Other combinations are also conceivable within the scope of the disclosure.In one embodiment, the thermal conduction material and the thermal insulation material may differ not only in material but also in material thickness. For example, the thickness of the insulating material may be greater than that of the thermal radiation material.

[0052] Further measures improving the invention are specified in the subclaims or emerge from the description of exemplary embodiments of the invention. All features and / or advantages arising from the claims of the description, including structural details, spatial arrangement, and method steps, can thus be essential to the invention both individually and in various combinations.

Claims

A n s p r ü c h e 1.Heat transfer fluid, in particular a heat transfer fluid for a thermal device such as a heater, a heat pump, a heat exchanger, a fluid container or the like, comprising a base fluid, in particular a liquid base fluid, and at least one additive arranged in the base fluid, wherein the at least one additive is designed as an additive that modifies the heat capacity and / or the conductivity of the base fluid, selected from the group of additives comprising glycols, ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, higher alkylene glycols, medium-chain triglycerides, minerals, natural stones, soapstone, talc slate, fireclay, coconut fiber, coconut oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, marble, marble mixtures, heat-storing minerals, zeolites, ferrite, silica gel, coconut shell fibers, glass foam, foamed glass, volcanic stone, substances derived from palm fat, monoethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, graphite, copper, basalt, plastic composite, Composite materials and the like.

2. Heat transfer fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive is in the form of a fluid, granulate, mesh, foamed material, powder, fiber and / or flour or ground material.

3. Thermal material that alters heat capacity, in particular heat storage capacity or thermal conductivity, comprising at least one matrix material such as resin, in particular epoxy resin, a pourable or cast material or the like and at least one additive that alters heat capacity, in particular heat storage capacity and / or conductivity, in particular thermal conductivity, selected from the group of additives comprising glycols, ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, higher alkylene glycols, medium-chain triglycerides, minerals, natural stones, soapstone, talc slate, fireclay, coconut fiber, coconut oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, marble, marble mixtures, heat-storing minerals, zeolites, ferrite, silica gel, coconut shell fibers, glass foam, foamed glass, volcanic stone, substances derived from palm fat, monoethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, graphite, copper, basalt, plastic composites, composite materials,wherein the material is cast with the matrix material, in particular the resin and / or epoxy resin, and / or is formed as material that is at least partially embedded in the matrix material, in particular the resin and / or epoxy resin, or that surrounds it.

4. A thermal device, in particular a thermal device comprising at least one heat transfer fluid according to claim 1 or 2 and / or a thermal material according to claim 3 that modifies the heat capacity and / or conductivity, such as a radiator, a heat pump, a heat exchanger, a fluid container, or the like, wherein at least one heat transfer body is provided, which has at least one heat transfer fluid chamber through which at least one heat transfer fluid is filled and / or fillable and / or through which at least one heat transfer fluid can pass or flow, and having a wall delimiting the heat transfer fluid chamber, via which thermal energy can be transferred from the heat transfer fluid to an environment, characterized in that at least one heat capacity-modifying and / or thermal conductivity-modifying means is provided inside and / or outside the heat transfer body,selected from the group comprising: a coating, ribs, recesses, moldings, deflections, fans, cladding, insulation, sponges, porous minerals and / or a thermal material according to claim 3 and the like.

5. Thermal device according to claim 4, characterized in that the means are made of a material which differs from the material of the heat transfer body, in particular in a form as a fluid, granulate, mesh, foamed material, powder, fiber and / or flour or ground material and / or with a sponge structure 6. Thermal device according to one of the preceding claims 4 or 5, characterized in that a control is provided via which a tempering of an environment can be controlled by means of the thermal device.

7. Thermal device according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the thermal device is designed as a hybrid device with at least two circuits, wherein in particular one circuit is a heating circuit and one circuit is a heat pump circuit.

8. A method for tempering an environment, in particular for cooling and / or heating an environment by releasing and / or absorbing thermal energy, in particular by means of a thermal device according to claims 4 to 7, characterized in that an additive is added to a heat transfer fluid, in particular a base fluid, wherein the at least one additive is designed as an additive that modifies the heat capacity and / or conductivity of the base fluid, selected from the group of additives comprising glycols, ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, higher alkylene glycols, medium-chain triglycerides, minerals, natural stones, soapstone, talc slate, fireclay, coconut fiber, coconut oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, marble, marble mixtures, heat-storing minerals, zeolites, ferrite, silica gel, coconut shell fibers, glass foam, foamed glass, volcanic stone, substances derived from palm fat, monoethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, graphite, copper, Basalt, plastic composite,A heat capacity-changing and / or conductivity-changing agent selected from the group comprising: a coating, ribs, recesses, moldings, deflections, fans, cladding, insulation, sponges, porous minerals and / or a thermal material according to claim 3 and the like is added to the composite materials and / or a heat transfer body of the thermal device.

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the heat energy release and / or absorption is controlled by a controller.

10. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the heat capacity-changing and / or conductivity-changing means and / or the thermal material are subsequently incorporated and / or attached into and / or to existing thermal equipment, for example by coating, filling into a channel or the like.

11. Method according to one of the preceding claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the heat transfer is increased via heat exchange means such as fans, moldings, recesses, insulation, cladding, thermal materials and the like.

12. Concentrate for a thermal device, in particular for a thermal device according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 7, wherein the concentrate comprises a heat transfer fluid according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 2 and / or a thermal material according to claim 3, characterized in that the proportion of the base fluid is less than or equal to 50% by weight and the proportion of the additives is correspondingly greater than or equal to 50% by weight, so that the proportions of the base fluid and the additives together amount to 100% by weight of the concentrate, wherein further components are not taken into account here.

13. A method for producing a thermal device, in particular a thermal device according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 7, comprising the steps of: providing a heat transfer body which has at least one heat transfer fluid space and at least one wall delimiting the heat transfer fluid space, filling the heat transfer fluid space with at least one heat transfer fluid, in particular a heat transfer fluid according to one of the preceding claims 1 or 2, wherein at least one heat capacity-changing and / or conductivity-changing agent is provided on the inside and / or outside of the heat transfer body, selected from the group comprising: a coating, ribs, recesses, formations, deflections, fans, insulation, sponges, porous minerals and / or a thermal material according to claim 3 or the like.

14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the means are applied to the wall by casting.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the means are applied by casting a matrix material in which at least one additive, preferably several additives are embedded, in particular by casting an epoxy resin in which the additives fireclay, volcanic stone, talc, coconut shell, graphite and / or copper are embedded, preferably in powder form, onto the wall and hardening of the means, in particular the matrix material.

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