Method and system for greening a sagged construction or construction part

Abstract

The method relates to a method for underpinning a subsided structure or part of a structure in non-stable subsoil, in which the structure or part of the structure (2) is lifted and brought into its original position, a pile (9) formed from individual segments (10) is installed below the structure or part of the structure (2) and driven to such a depth to bridge the non-stable subsoil (3) that the load on the structure or part of the structure (2) is transferred into permanently load-bearing subsoil, and in which an expansion resin (21) is introduced and cured into a cavity (16) formed between the structure or part of the structure (2) and the subsoil (3).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method and a system for underpinning a subsided structure or part of a structure in the presence of non-stable subsoil.

[0002] Cracks in load-bearing walls or subsidence of buildings or building sections are often a sign that changes have occurred in the subsoil, causing the foundation to lose its original support. Causes can include prolonged drought, extreme wetness, or increased loads without prior foundation reinforcement. In all these cases, foundation reinforcement is necessary to protect the building or building section from further unintended damage. In extreme cases, particularly due to deterioration of the subsoil and the resulting reduction in its load-bearing capacity, the building or building section erected on it may be at risk of collapse, no longer usable for its intended purpose, and therefore must be demolished.

[0003] Based on this, the object of the invention is to propose a method that, while being easy to implement, provides foundation strengthening, thereby stabilizing the structure or part thereof. Furthermore, the invention proposes a corresponding system.

[0004] To solve this problem, a method for underpinning a subsided structure or part of a structure is proposed, in which the structure or part of the structure is lifted and brought back into its original position, a pile formed from individual segments is installed below the structure or part of the structure and driven to such a depth to bridge the non-stable subsoil that the load on the structure or part of the structure is transferred into permanently load-bearing subsoil, and an expansion resin is introduced and hardened into a cavity that forms between the lifted structure or part of the structure and the subsoil.

[0005] To solve this problem, a system for underpinning a subsided structure or part of a structure is proposed, comprising a pile system installed below the structure or part of the structure which has been raised to its original position, wherein the pile system has a plurality of piles arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the structure or part of the structure, each of which is formed from pile segments that can be combined according to the modular principle, and with a load-bearing body made of an expansion resin injected into the cavity, arranged in the cavity between the raised structure or part of the structure and the subsoil.

[0006] "Modular design" as used in the invention means that a large number of pile segments, including those with different designs, are available from which a user can select and combine them to create a pile of the desired configuration. In particular, the pile length and diameter can be tailored to the specific application.

[0007] The underpinning constructed according to the inventive method or system comprises piles on one side and a supporting structure on the other. The supporting structure is formed from an expanding resin.

[0008] The load-bearing structure is created by lifting the subsided structure or part thereof and returning it to its original position. This results in a cavity between the lifted structure or part thereof and the underlying ground. Expanding resin is introduced into this cavity, preferably by injection, and after curing as intended, it forms the load-bearing structure.

[0009] In its final, completed state, the structure or structural component is thus relieved of loads by means of the underpinning, specifically by the piles on the one hand and the supporting structure on the other. Advantageously, this results not only in point-like load relief but also in area-wide bedding of the structure or structural component, making the inventive method or system particularly suitable for older structures or structural components that, due to their construction, may be sensitive to point loads.

[0010] According to the inventive design, the foundation structure rests on the pile framework formed by the piles on the one hand and the supporting structure on the other, thus ensuring a full-surface distribution of the building loads. This advantageously results in an overall load distribution, leading to a reduction in stresses within the structure or building component. In particular, the inventive design reduces the bearing stress of the foundations, ensuring the long-term stability of the structure or building component even in the event of further deterioration of the subsoil.

[0011] According to the first step of the method according to the invention, the subsided structure or part of the structure is lifted. This lifting occurs as a result of piling, as will be described in more detail below.

[0012] The structure or part of the structure is moved as close as possible to its original position. Preferably, this is a horizontal alignment. However, other positions regarding the orientation of the structure or part of the structure are also possible.

[0013] To support the structure or part thereof, a pile is installed vertically below the structure or part thereof. This pile is formed from individual segments. In its final, completed state, the pile serves to bridge the non-load-bearing soil beneath the structure or part thereof. For this purpose, the pile is driven into the soil to a depth sufficient to transfer the load of the structure or part thereof into load-bearing, preferably permanently load-bearing, soil. In its final assembly state, the structure or part thereof is thus transferred into the load-bearing soil below the non-load-bearing soil by means of the installed pile. The non-load-bearing soil is therefore bridged by means of the installed pile.The non-load-bearing subsoil is bridged, so that, with the interposition of the pile, a force is transferred from the structure or part of the structure into the permanently load-bearing subsoil.

[0014] As a result of the lifting of the structure or part thereof, a cavity forms between the lifted structure or part thereof and the subsoil. According to the invention, this cavity is filled. For this purpose, an expanding resin is introduced into the cavity, which hardens after its introduction. Consequently, the load on the structure or part thereof is transferred not only via the piles but also into the inherently unstable subsoil, by means of the expanding resin introduced into the cavity between the structure or part thereof and the subsoil. As a result of the resin's expansion, a force is thus transferred into the unstable subsoil. The resulting bearing stress of the foundation is significantly reduced compared to the original state, since a large portion of the structure's load is transferred via the pile structure.As a result, the expanded resin provides a surface-wide load reduction under reduced soil stresses, which, in combination with the previously installed piles, ensures permanently safe underpinning without subjecting the structure or part of the structure to excessive internal stresses.

[0015] As a result of the inventive method, the subsided structure or structural element is repositioned, and this repositioning is permanently secured, since sufficient load transfer is achieved. The load transfer from the structure is not only achieved at specific points via individual piles extending into load-bearing soil, but also via a load-bearing structure formed by expanding resin, which is positioned between the structure or structural element and the soil directly beneath it.

[0016] Preferably, a two-component polyurethane foam is used as the expansion resin. This can be applied, for example, by injection, and it is preferred to use such a two-component mixture that has reached 90% of its load-bearing capacity after a curing time of approximately 15 minutes. This facilitates a simplified and rapid process.

[0017] The result of the inventive method is that piles are installed below the structure or part thereof and driven into the ground until they bear their load in permanently load-bearing soil. In this way, the structure or part thereof is reliably reinforced, and the building load is transferred to the permanently load-bearing soil. The subsided structure or part thereof is lifted with millimeter precision to restore its original position. This is achieved in combination with injections of expanding resins, which, once hardened, form a load-bearing structure located between the lifted structure or part thereof and the ground.

[0018] According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the expansion resin is introduced into the cavity during and / or after lifting the structure or part of the structure.

[0019] According to a first alternative of the invention, piles that will subsequently support the structure or part thereof are first driven into the ground, and the structure or part thereof is then lifted. The resulting cavity between the structure or part thereof and the subsoil is then filled with expanding resin. This can be done by injection. After hardening, the expanding resin forms a load-bearing structure that distributes the load of the structure or part thereof onto the subsoil.

[0020] Alternatively, it can be planned that the lifting of the structure or structural element and the injection of expansion resin between the structure or structural element and the ground take place simultaneously. In this case, the expansion resin is injected into the resulting cavity between the structure or structural element and the ground not after, but during the lifting process. Such a simultaneous approach requires greater coordination of the individual work steps on site, but ultimately results in reduced stresses in the structure being lifted.

[0021] According to a further feature of the invention, at least one through-hole is provided in the structure or part thereof, through which the expansion resin is injected into the cavity. The design of such a through-hole advantageously allows the injection point to be precisely determined. The injection is preferably carried out using an injection lance, thus ensuring a uniform distribution of the expansion resin within the cavity. This advantageously enables precise injection of the expansion resin in terms of both location and quantity.

[0022] According to a further feature of the invention, a pile is formed from several segments arranged one above the other in the vertical direction. Steel pipes are particularly suitable as pile segments. The pile segments, arranged successively in the vertical direction, are screwed together. In the case of steel pipes, the corresponding threads or mating threads can be provided by the steel pipes themselves.

[0023] For the proper installation of a pile, a first pile segment is initially set. This is driven into the ground, preferably pressed in using a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is supported by the foundation of the subsided structure or part of the structure.

[0024] Pressing a pile segment into the ground has the advantage that impact noise on the one hand and vibrations that can negatively affect the structure or part of the structure on the other hand are completely avoided.

[0025] Once the first pile segment has been properly installed, the process continues segment by segment, extending the already installed pile segment vertically by a newly inserted segment. A further pressing action then takes place, driving the pile, now consisting of two segments, further into the ground. This segment-by-segment extension and pressing of the pile into the ground continues until the structure's load is safely and permanently transferred to the ground. This occurs when the load-bearing capacity provided by the pile and the load exerted by the structure or structure component are in equilibrium. Further operation of the hydraulic cylinder located between the structure or structure component and the pile then raises the structure or structure component in the manner described above.This lifting can be carried out with millimeter precision until the structure or part of the structure assumes its desired, preferably restored, original alignment.

[0026] Once the structure or structure component reaches this position, the pile head is formed between the already installed pile on one side and the structure or structure component on the other. This is achieved by creating a spacer between the structure or structure component and the pile on the other, for example, by designing a load transfer structure. Such a load transfer structure could, for instance, be a system of bolts or threaded rods. Crucially, after the spacer is in place, the hydraulic cylinder previously required to apply the jacking force can be removed without interrupting the force transmission between the structure or structure component and the pile on the other. The structure or structure component then rests solely on the pile and thus on the load-bearing ground via the newly formed pile head.

[0027] For better load distribution during pile setting or for simplified and improved installation of spacing, a load distribution plate is preferably provided, which is arranged directly under the foundation of the structure or part of the structure.

[0028] According to a further feature of the invention, a fully formed pile is equipped on the structure or structure component side with a support body, preferably in the form of a plate. A load transfer structure, preferably a spindle, is preferably arranged between the load distribution plate and the support body. Reinforcement can also be arranged around the load transfer structure.

[0029] This reinforcement can be provided by screws or threaded rods used for spacing and / or similar pre-installed structural components and / or by reinforcement elements specifically installed for this purpose. The crucial point is that a positionally stable and permanent load transfer of the structure or structural component into the pile installed as described above can take place.

[0030] According to a further feature of the invention, a layer of concrete, which accommodates the reinforcement and / or the load transfer structure, is placed between the load distribution plate and the uppermost segment of the pile. This provides additional stabilization and corrosion protection.

[0031] According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the steel pipes forming the pile segments are filled with concrete. This also achieves additional stabilization and corrosion protection of the foundation, particularly with regard to the longevity of the design according to the invention.

[0032] According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that a plurality of piles are set in the longitudinal direction of the building or part of the building, wherein the piles are preferably spaced equally apart from each other, with the distance being chosen to be 2.5 m to 3.5 m, preferably 3.0 m.

[0033] The number of piles required depends on the structure or part of the structure to be supported and the soil conditions. However, experience has shown that an average pile spacing of approximately 3.0 m is necessary to ensure sufficient stability and support of the structure or part of the structure.

[0034] The inventive method or system provides a means of underpinning a subsided structure or part thereof. In the final, completed state of the underpinning, the load on the lifted structure or part thereof is transferred by piles on the one hand and by a load-bearing structure on the other. This combination achieves not only point-based but also area-wide load transfer. The load-bearing structure is formed from an expanding resin. This resin is introduced into the cavity formed between the structure or part thereof and the subsoil after or during the lifting of the subsided structure or part thereof, preferably by injection.

[0035] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the figures. These show Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a segment pile installed in a foundation according to the invention; Fig. 2 shows a schematic front view of the representation according to Fig. 1 Fig. 3 shows a schematic side view of the introduction of an expansion resin according to a foundation according to the invention; Fig. 4 shows a schematic front view of the representation according to Fig. 3 Fig. 5 in a schematic side view shows the underpinning formed from a set segment pile and introduced expansion resin according to the invention, and Fig. 6 in a schematic front view shows the representation according to Fig. 5 .

[0036] Fig. 1 The schematic side view shows a segmented pile 9 of a foundation 1 according to the invention. The fully completed foundation 1 is shown. Fig. 5 according to a side view and the Fig. 6 as can be seen from a front view.

[0037] The method or system according to the invention serves to form a foundation 1 for a subsided structure or part of a structure 2 in the presence of non-stable subsoil 3. In the illustrated embodiment, the structure or part of a structure 2 has a strip foundation 6, a concrete floor 7 and a wall panel 8.

[0038] For the purpose of carrying out the procedure, an assembly pit 5 is first excavated in the vertical direction 4 below the subsided structure or structure section 2. Then, a first pile segment 10 is installed. This is done by positioning the pile segment 10 in the assembly pit 5 in the vertical direction 4 below the strip foundation 6. A hydraulic cylinder 13 is positioned in the resulting gap between the strip foundation 6 on the one hand and the first pile segment 10 on the other. This cylinder is supported against the strip foundation 6 by means of a load distribution plate 12.

[0039] As a result of pressurizing the hydraulic cylinder 13, the pile segment 10 is driven into the ground 3, in accordance with the force applied as shown by arrow 14. The hydraulic cylinder 13 is supported on the other side against the structure or part of the structure 2.

[0040] Once the first pile segment 10 has been driven into the ground 3, the hydraulic cylinder 13 can be removed from the space between the strip foundation 6 and the pile segment 10. A second pile segment 10 is then positioned vertically 4 above the first. This is done by bolting the two segments together, preferably with internal and external threads. The hydraulic cylinder 13 is then inserted into the space between the strip foundation 6 and the second pile segment 10. The hydraulic cylinder 13 is then operated again, driving the pile 9, now consisting of two segments 10, further into the ground 3.

[0041] Pile segment 10 is then installed one by one in the manner already described above until pile 9 reaches permanently load-bearing soil. At this point, the load-bearing capacity provided by pile 9 and the load of the structure or structure section 2 are in equilibrium. When the hydraulic cylinder 13 is operated, it rests against pile 9 and, as a result of the application of force, lifts the structure or structure section 2 in the direction of arrow 15. The structure or structure section 2 can thus be aligned vertically with millimeter precision.

[0042] As can be seen in the illustrations, three pile segments 10 are used for each pile 9 in the illustrated embodiment. It goes without saying that this is only an example and that, depending on the soil conditions and the required depth of excavation, a large number of such pile segments 10 may be necessary. In the illustrated embodiment, the individual pile segments 10 are designed as steel tubes and have a vertical extension of 50 cm.

[0043] As the front view after Fig. 2 As can be seen, in the illustrated embodiment, two piles 9 are provided in the longitudinal direction 17 of the strip foundation 6. These are spaced approximately 3.0 m apart. It is understood that a plurality of such piles 9 can be provided for each strip foundation 6, and it is preferred that the distances between adjacent piles 9 are approximately the same and preferably approximately 3.0 m.

[0044] As a result of the lifting of the structure or part of the structure 2, a cavity 16 forms between the strip foundation 6 and the subsoil 3. Expansion resin 21 is introduced into this cavity 16, as described in the Fign. 3 and 4 This can be seen. The expansion resin 21 is introduced by injection, for which purpose an injection gun 20 equipped with a lance 19 is provided. The lance 19 is guided through a through-hole 18 formed in the strip foundation 6, as is the case, for example, Fig. 3 This can be seen.

[0045] The expansion resin 21 is preferably a two-component polyurethane foam which needs to cure for approximately 15 minutes to achieve a load-bearing capacity of 90%.

[0046] In its cured state, the expanding resin 21 forms a support structure 22, as shown by the Fign. 5 and 6These representations show that the supporting body 22 essentially completely fills the cavity 16 between the strip foundation 6 and the subsoil 3.

[0047] As can be seen from a comparison of the aforementioned figures, the underpinning 1 formed by the inventive method comprises piles 9 driven into the subsoil 3 on the one hand, and a support structure 22 on the other, wherein the support structure 22 is formed from expanding resin 21 and is located in the cavity 16 between the strip foundation 6 and the subsoil 3. As a result of this design according to the invention, the load is not only distributed across the piles 9 at a single point, but is distributed over a surface area into the subsoil located below the structure or part of the structure 2. Reference sign

[0048] 1 Underpinning 2 Structure or part of a structure 3 Soil 4 Vertical direction 5 Assembly pit 6 Strip foundation 7 Base slab 8 Wall panel 9 Pile 10 Pile segment 11 Segment cavity 12 Load distribution plate 13 Hydraulic cylinder 14 Arrow 15 Arrow 16 Cavity 17 Longitudinal direction 18 Through hole 19 Lance 20 Injection gun 21 Expansion resin 22 Load-bearing body Distance

Claims

1. Method for underpinning a subsided structure or part of a structure in non-stable subsoil, in which the structure or part of the structure (2) is lifted and brought into its original position, wherein a pile (9) formed from individual segments (10) is installed below the structure or part of the structure (2) and is driven to such a depth in the subsoil to bridge the non-stable subsoil (3) that the load on the structure or part of the structure (2) is transferred into permanently load-bearing subsoil, and in which an expansion resin (21) is introduced and cured into a cavity (16) formed between the structure or part of the structure (2) and the subsoil (3).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the expansion resin (21) is introduced into the cavity (16) during and / or after lifting the structure or part of the structure (2).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact thatat least one through-hole (18) is made in the structure or part of the structure (2), through which the expansion resin (21) is injected into the cavity (16).

4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that a pile (9) is formed from several segments (10) arranged one above the other in the vertical direction (4).

5. Method according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that Steel pipes are used as pile segments (10).

6. Method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by the fact that Pile segments (10) following one another in the vertical direction (4) are screwed together.

7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the pile segments (10) are pressed into the ground (3) segment by segment under support on the structure or part of the structure (2).

8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatthe structure or part of the structure (2) is equipped with a load distribution plate (12) on the pile side.

9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that a fully formed pile (9) is equipped on the side of the structure or part of the structure with a support body, preferably in the form of a plate.

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that A load transfer structure, preferably a spindle, is arranged between the load distribution plate (12) and the support body.

11. Method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized by the fact that Reinforcement is arranged around the load transfer structure.

12. Method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized by the fact that A layer of concrete, which accommodates the reinforcement and / or the load transfer structure, is placed between the load distribution plate (12) and the support body or the pile segment (10) arranged at the top in the vertical direction.

13. Method according to any one of the preceding claims 5 to 12, characterized by the fact that The steel pipes forming the pile segments (10) are filled with concrete.

14. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that In the longitudinal direction (17) of the structure or part of the structure (2) a plurality of piles (9) are set, wherein the piles (9) are preferably spaced equally apart from each other, wherein the distance A is selected to be 2.5 m to 3.5 m, preferably 3.0 m.

15. System for underpinning a subsided structure or part of a structure in non-stable subsoil, comprising a pile system installed below the structure or part of a structure (2) which has been raised to its original position, wherein the pile system comprises a plurality of piles (9) arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction (17) of the structure or part of a structure (2), each of which is formed from pile segments (10) which can be combined according to the modular principle, and comprising a load-bearing body (22) arranged in the cavity (16) between the raised structure or part of a structure (2) and the subsoil (3) made of an expansion resin (21) injected into the cavity (16).

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