Engineering structure for transport facilities

Abstract

The invention relates to an engineering structure for traffic facilities, in particular a bridge structure (10), with a top surface (14) and a concrete barrier (15) arranged on the top surface running essentially parallel to a traffic route (11), which is constructed on the top surface (14) using cast-in-place concrete, as well as a method for producing a protective device in the form of a concrete barrier (15) on an engineering structure having a top surface (14), in particular a bridge structure (10). To reliably ensure that the cast-in-place concrete barrier erected on the structure reliably maintains its position on the top surface (14), the invention proposes at least one anchoring element (16) projecting from the top surface (14) of the structure (10) and firmly connected to the structure (10), which is enclosed by the concrete barrier (15) with its base section (28) erected on the top surface (14) in a form-fit, material-fit, and / or force-fit manner.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an arrangement of an engineering structure for traffic facilities, in particular a bridge structure, with a top surface and a concrete barrier wall arranged on the top surface running substantially parallel to a traffic route, which is constructed on the top surface in the longitudinal direction of the structure using cast-in-place concrete. The invention further relates to a method for producing a protective device in the form of a concrete barrier wall on an engineering structure having a top surface, in particular on a bridge structure.

[0002] Motorways, expressways, and other traffic routes are frequently protected along their carriageways or shoulders by concrete barriers, which are constructed as part of the road structure using prefabricated elements or cast-in-place concrete. The substructure for a cast-in-place concrete barrier can be prepared over a large portion of its length in such a way that the barrier is subsequently securely founded and only shifts in position if a vehicle impacts the barrier with great force in the event of an accident. In the vicinity of engineering structures that are part of the roadway, particularly on bridges, where the barrier is generally erected on a bridge deck located to the side of the carriageway, reliable support for the concrete barrier is often difficult.This is due, firstly, to the fact that the top surface of the engineering structure, in the case of bridges generally the top of the bridge parapet, is often relatively smooth, resulting in a comparatively low coefficient of friction between the top surface and the base of the cast-in-place concrete wall resting upon it. Secondly, the surface on which the wall rests is often not horizontal, but rather, for example in the case of bridge parapets, generally inclined towards the roadway to allow rainwater to run off towards it. This inclination of the surface exerts a shear force on the supported concrete barrier due to its weight, which can promote the wall's sliding towards the roadway, especially if the top surface of the parapet is relatively smooth.Conversely, if a vehicle crashes on the engineering structure and collides with the protective device, the wall may also shift and / or tip outwards, which increases the risk of the vehicle falling from the structure.

[0003] The object of the invention is to further develop an arrangement and a method of the type mentioned above in such a way that the cast-in-place concrete wall erected on the top of the engineering structure reliably maintains its position.

[0004] This problem is solved in the arrangement according to the invention by at least one anchoring element, fixedly connected to the structure and projecting from the top of the engineering structure, which is enclosed by the concrete barrier wall and its base section erected on the top surface in a form-fit, material-fit, and / or force-fit manner. According to the method according to the invention, at least one anchoring element is first fixedly connected to the structure on its top surface, and then the concrete barrier wall is constructed in place of cast-in-place concrete on the top surface of the structure in such a way that the anchoring element connected to the structure is enclosed by the base section of the concrete barrier wall erected on its top surface in a form-fit, material-fit, and / or force-fit manner.

[0005] The invention provides a particularly advantageous way to establish a reliable connection / anchoring between the engineering structure, in particular the bridge structure or a bridge parapet attached to it, and the protective device in the form of a concrete barrier mounted on it. The anchoring achieved according to the invention on the upper surface of the engineering structure, which forms the base for the protective device, prevents or minimizes the tilting and / or displacement of the concrete barrier backwards, as well as unintentional slippage on inclined surfaces.

[0006] The at least one anchoring element proposed according to the invention, which can preferably be attached to the top of the structure with fastening elements, in particular bonded anchors or other dowel elements, creates a particularly strong connection between the engineering structure, for example, the bridge deck of a road bridge, and the cast-in-place concrete barrier erected on it. This is because the construction material – concrete – with which the barrier is built, preferably encloses the anchoring element, which is previously firmly connected to the top of the structure, substantially on all sides, so that it is surrounded by concrete, similar to reinforcement, and preferably bonds with it. The arrangement is preferably such that the fastening elements with which the anchoring element is attached to the top of the structure are also covered by the base of the concrete barrier.The entire connecting structure, consisting of the anchoring element and the fastening elements, is thus protected inside the cast-in-place concrete wall and therefore not exposed to corrosive influences such as water and road salt.

[0007] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least one anchoring element consists of a profile strip, in particular made of steel, with a plurality of recesses arranged adjacent to one another in the longitudinal direction of the strip. The cast-in-place concrete can flow through the recesses and behind the connecting webs formed between them, resulting in a particularly strong connection that can only be broken by destroying the concrete wall once the wall has set and hardened.

[0008] The profile strip can, for example, have a cross-section that is essentially triangular, particularly sawtooth or roof-shaped, and has two leg surfaces adjoining each other along a ridge line. The profile strip can preferably be provided with at least one fastening flange extending essentially parallel to the top surface and projecting laterally from at least one of the two leg surfaces. This flange is arranged in full contact with the surface of the building structure. The recesses can be arranged in at least one of the two leg surfaces. It is also particularly advantageous if laterally projecting fastening flanges are provided on both leg surfaces, making it possible to create two rows of holes for fastening the profile strip, spaced approximately the width of the anchoring element apart.This design ensures that the anchoring element can also absorb large transverse forces and tilting moments acting perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wall.

[0009] An advantageous embodiment is characterized by the first of the two leg surfaces being oriented essentially perpendicular to the top surface, and the second leg surface being oriented at a preferably acute angle to the top surface, running between this surface and the ridge line. The perpendicular, i.e., essentially vertical, leg surface of the anchoring element, which preferably forms the rear side of the anchoring element facing away from the roadway when installed, acts as a shear lug and is largely responsible for preventing or at least minimizing any backward displacement of the concrete barrier. The obliquely inclined leg surface, sloping forward toward the roadway, supports the vertically projecting section in the form of a tension band toward the front of the concrete barrier.The angle at which the second leg surface is inclined can be, for example, between 10° and 45°, preferably between 20° and 30°, and in particular about 25°.

[0010] If at least one mounting flange is provided with at least one through-hole for one of the fasteners, the anchoring element can be mounted particularly easily and quickly on the top of the structure. For this purpose, a hole can be drilled through the through-hole into the structure, in which the fastener is then anchored, for example using a dowel.

[0011] Between the recesses, crossbars are appropriately designed so that they are completely enclosed by the concrete of the concrete barrier.

[0012] It has proven advantageous if the tie beams between the recesses in the first leg surface have a different width than the tie beams between the recesses in the second leg surface. In particular, the tie beams in the second leg, which is inclined at an acute angle to the top, are preferably narrower than the tie beams of the vertical leg, so that the concrete of the retaining wall can flow more easily under the inclined underside of the second leg and at least substantially fill the cavity under the anchoring element.

[0013] It is advantageous for the number of recesses and / or their total area in the second leg surface to be larger, preferably about twice as large as the number of recesses in the first leg surface.

[0014] For the construction of the cast-in-place concrete wall on the engineering structure, a plurality of anchoring elements of discrete lengths are typically arranged successively along the top of the structure in the longitudinal direction, preferably leaving a gap between each pair of successive anchoring elements. In this gap, a drainage channel running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the wall can advantageously be provided between the top of the structure and the base of the protective barrier resting upon it, allowing rainwater to flow from the area behind the wall towards the roadway. However, it is also conceivable to design the anchoring element as a quasi-endless component that, for example, is unwound from a reel and, after alignment on the top side, connected to the structure.Drainage can then be ensured, for example, by pipe sections that penetrate the anchoring element transversely and are embedded in the concrete when the wall is built.

[0015] As previously explained, the engineering structure can advantageously be a bridge structure with a bridge deck forming the upper surface. The at least one anchoring element is then connected to the upper surface of the bridge deck, and the concrete barrier is subsequently erected on the bridge deck.

[0016] According to the method according to the invention, the at least one anchoring element can be attached to the top of the structure using fastening elements, in particular bonded anchors or other dowel elements.

[0017] Preferably, in this method, a plurality of anchoring elements of discrete length can be arranged successively in the longitudinal direction on the top of the structure, preferably leaving a free space between each pair of anchoring elements.

[0018] If the at least one anchoring element advantageously consists of a profile strip, in particular made of steel, with a plurality of recesses arranged adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction and tie bars formed between them, the procedure can be carried out such that the concrete material penetrates the recesses and encloses the tie bars when the concrete barrier is erected.

[0019] When using the method according to the invention, the fastening elements can be covered by the base part when erecting the concrete barrier.

[0020] The method according to the invention is particularly advantageous if the structure is a bridge structure with a bridge cap forming the top, and if the at least one anchoring element on the top of the bridge cap is connected to it and the concrete barrier is erected on the bridge cap in such a way that the base part of the concrete barrier covers the at least one anchoring element.

[0021] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the drawing, in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail by way of an example. It shows: Fig. 1 shows a system representation of an engineering structure according to the invention with a section of a cast-in-place concrete wall erected on a bridge deck in a longitudinal section; Fig. 2 shows the subject matter of the Fig. 1 in a horizontal section; Fig. 3 the subject of the Fig. 1 in a cross-section along line AA; Fig. 4 an anchoring element of the invention in a top view; Fig. 5 the subject matter of the Fig.4 in a cross-section; and Fig. 6 the anchoring element according to Fig.4 and 5 in a side view towards B Fig.5 .

[0022] In the drawing, the entire structure designated by 10 is an engineering structure, namely a road bridge, which is provided in a known manner with a bridge cap 12 to the side of a roadway 11, where it serves, among other things, to protect the underlying, load-bearing bridge structure 13.

[0023] The bridge deck 12 of the bridge 10 has a top surface 14 sloping at an incline of approximately 4° towards the roadway 11, on which a passive protective device in the form of a concrete barrier 15 is arranged, which, according to the invention, is constructed using cast-in-place concrete. In a known manner, several reinforcing layers 16 are cast one above the other inside the barrier 15 in a substantially vertical plane.

[0024] According to the invention, a plurality of anchoring elements 16 are arranged on the upper surface 14 of the bridge cap 12, which are firmly connected to the structure, i.e., its bridge cap 12. The anchoring elements, the design of which is exemplified in the Fig. 4 bis 6As can be most easily seen, in the preferred embodiment each consists of a steel profile strip 17, which in the illustrated preferred embodiment has a cross-section that is essentially triangular, namely approximately sawtooth-shaped, so that it has two leg surfaces 19, 20 adjoining each other at a ridge line 18. The arrangement is such that the first of the two leg surfaces 19 is oriented essentially perpendicular to the top surface 14 of the structure when the anchoring element 16 is mounted there, while the second leg surface 20 runs at an acute angle α of approximately 25° to the top surface 14 between the top surface 14 and the ridge line 18 and slopes down towards the roadway 11.

[0025] Each of the two leg surfaces has a plurality of recesses 22 arranged adjacent to one another in the longitudinal direction 21. The recesses 22a in the first, upright leg surface 19 are smaller and fewer in number than the recesses 22b in the sloping, second leg surface 20. Between each of the recesses 22, crossbars 23 are formed, with the crossbars 23a in the first leg surface 16 having a significantly greater width than the crossbars 23b in the second leg surface 20, where the recesses 22b are larger and more numerous.

[0026] On both leg surfaces 19, 20, several fastening flanges 24 are provided, projecting laterally at a right angle to the vertical leg surface, each containing a through hole 25 designed as an elongated slot. This particularly advantageous design creates two rows of holes spaced apart by the width of the anchoring element for fastening the profile strip, enabling the anchoring element to withstand even large shear forces and tilting moments acting transversely to the longitudinal direction 21 of the wall.

[0027] The anchoring elements 16, which in this embodiment have a discrete length of approximately 150 cm, are arranged successively along the longitudinal direction 21 of the wall on the upper surface 14 of the structure 10 such that a gap 26 remains between each pair of consecutive anchoring elements 16, which in this embodiment is approximately 60 cm. The anchoring elements 16 are fixed to the bridge cap 12 by means of fastening elements 27, for example, in the form of adhesive anchors, which are inserted into blind holes (not shown) previously drilled through the elongated holes 25 in the fastening flanges 24 into the upper surface 14 of the bridge cap and bonded in place. Of course, other suitable fastening elements, such as screw anchors or the like, can also be used.

[0028] After the anchoring elements 16 have been aligned and fastened on the upper surface 14 of the bridge deck 10 as described, lost formwork elements (not shown) made of galvanized sheet metal edge profiles are laid and fixed on the upper surface 14 in at least every second of the open spaces 26 transversely to the longitudinal direction 21. Subsequently, the concrete barrier is constructed on the bridge deck using a slipform paver in a known manner, such that the anchoring elements 16 and the parts of the fastening elements 27 located above the upper surface are completely encased by the concrete material of the base section 28 of the concrete barrier. The concrete passes through the recesses 22 in the leg surfaces and encloses the tie beams 23 located between the recesses at least substantially completely.The anchoring elements 16 are thus, similar to the reinforcements of the reinforced concrete, engaged by the base part 28 of the concrete barrier, which stands on the top 14 of the bridge deck 12, in a form-fit, force-fit, and / or material-fit manner. After the barrier has been erected in this way and the concrete has set and at least partially hardened, the sheet metal profiles previously placed on the top form channels 29 at these points, running transversely to the longitudinal direction 21 of the barrier, for the drainage of rainwater, which can thus flow from the back of the barrier towards the roadway via the inclined top of the bridge deck.

[0029] The invention creates a substantially linear connection / anchoring of the safety barrier to the engineering structure, thus achieving a virtually continuous beam effect. Anchoring the concrete barrier to the base formed by the engineering structure prevents or minimizes the barrier from tipping backward and / or sliding toward the roadway due to the slope of the top of the barrier, as well as from shifting due to a vehicle impact. In the preferred embodiment, the sawtooth cross-sectional design of the anchoring elements, with its vertical leg surface, acts as a shear lug, effectively preventing the concrete barrier from shifting backward. The section sloping forward at an acute angle supports the vertically projecting leg surface in the form of a tension band toward the front of the concrete barrier.

Claims

1. Engineering structure for transport facilities, in particular bridge structure (10), with a top surface (14) and a concrete barrier wall (15) arranged on the top surface running essentially parallel to a traffic route (11), which is constructed in cast-in-place concrete on the top surface (14), characterized by at least one anchoring element (16) arranged on the top (14) of the structure (10) and firmly connected to the structure (10), which is enclosed by the concrete barrier (15) with its base part (28) standing on the top (14) in a form-fit, material-fit and / or force-fit manner.

2. Engineering structure according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that that at least one anchoring element (16) is attached to the top (14) of the structure (10) with fastening elements (27), in particular bonded anchors or other dowel elements.

3. Engineering structure according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the fastening elements (27) are covered by the base part (28) of the concrete barrier (15).

4. Engineering structure according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the at least one anchoring element (16) consists of a profile strip (17), in particular made of steel, with a plurality of recesses (22) arranged adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction (21).

5. Engineering structure according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the profile strip (17) is essentially triangular in cross-section, in particular sawtooth or roof-shaped, and has two leg surfaces (19, 20) adjoining each other on a ridge line (18), and that the profile strip (17) is provided with at least one fastening flange (24) extending essentially parallel to the top surface (14) and projecting laterally from at least one of the two leg surfaces (19, 20), which is arranged in preferably planar contact with the top surface (14) on the structure (10).

6. Engineering structure according to claim 5, characterized by the fact thatthe recesses (22) are arranged in at least one of the two leg surfaces (19,20).

7. Engineering structure according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by the fact that the first of the two leg surfaces (19) is oriented essentially perpendicular to the top surface (14) and the second of the two leg surfaces (20) is oriented at a preferably acute angle (α) to the top surface (14) running between this and the ridge line (18).

8. Engineering structure according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the angle (α) is between 10° and 45°, preferably between 20° and 30°, in particular about 25°.

9. Engineering structure according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized by the fact that which has at least one mounting flange (24) with at least one through hole (25) for one of the fastening elements (27).

10. Engineering structure according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized by the fact thatBetween the recesses (22) tie bars (23) are formed, which are enclosed on all sides by the concrete of the concrete barrier (15).

11. Engineering structure according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the tie bars (23a) between the recesses (22a) in the first leg surface (19) have a different width than the tie bars (23b) between the recesses (22b) in the second leg surface (20).

12. Engineering structure according to one of claims 4 to 11, characterized by the fact that the number of recesses (22b) in the second leg surface (20) is larger, preferably about twice as large as the number of recesses (22a) in the first leg surface (19).

13. Engineering structure according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by the fact thata plurality of anchoring elements (16) of discrete length in longitudinal direction (21) are arranged successively, preferably forming a free space (26) between each two successive anchoring elements (16), on the top (14) of the structure (10).

14. Engineering structure according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by the fact that the structure (10) is a bridge structure with a bridge cap (12) which forms the top (14) on which the concrete barrier (15) is arranged.

15. Method for producing a protective device in the form of a concrete barrier (15) on an engineering structure having a top surface (14), in particular a bridge structure (10), characterized by the fact thaton the top (14) of the structure (10) at least one anchoring element (16) is firmly connected to the structure (10), and the concrete barrier (15) is constructed in cast-in-place on the top (14) of the structure in such a way that the anchoring element connected to the structure is enclosed by the base part (28) of the concrete barrier standing on the top (14) in a form-fit, material-fit and / or force-fit manner.

Images