Electromagnetic braking device configured to block a rotating shaft and mobility system comprising the device and the rotating shaft

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic braking device configured to block a rotary shaft (7), comprising a friction disk (15) mounted to move translationally and rotationally and configured to be secured to the rotary shaft, an outer part (10) and an intermediate part (14) mounted to move translationally between the friction disk and the outer part, at least one of the outer part or the intermediate part being magnetic, at least one electromagnetic actuating member (22) and at least one mechanical actuating member which are housed in the other of the outer part or the intermediate part, the intermediate part being configured to move in a first direction called the braking direction towards the friction disk when it is under the action of the at least one mechanical actuating member,and in a second direction opposite to the first direction towards the outer part when the intermediate part is under the action of the at least one electromagnetic actuating member, and a plurality of independent magnetic sheets (16) movable in translation between the intermediate part and the outer part when they are under the action of the at least one mechanical actuating member and / or under the action of the at least one electromagnetic actuating member. (Figure 4),

Description

Description Title of the invention: Electromagnetic braking device configured to lock a rotating shaft and mobility system comprising the device and the rotating shaft Technical field of the invention

[0001] = The present invention relates to an electromagnetic braking device configured to block a rotating shaft.

[0002] = Such braking devices are used, for example, to block a shaft rotating part of an elevator, forklift, and more generally in any type of system requiring extended safe shutdowns.

[0003] = The invention also relates to a mobility system, of the elevator type or forklift, comprising such a device mounted on such a rotating shaft. State of the art

[0004] — We know of mobility systems, such as elevators or forklifts, which are equipped with a rotating shaft which must be able to be clamped and locked in rotation for a a specific period, particularly during extended, secure shutdowns.

[0005] — To achieve this, these systems are also equipped with an electro-braking device genetic, or electromagnetic brake, which includes a body, a friction disc mounted mobile in translation and rotation, the friction disc being configured for To be fixed to the rotating shaft, and a movable armature in a first direction under the action of an electromagnetic force generated by an electrical coil housed in the body and in a second direction under the action of a force exerted by a or several compression springs also partially housed in the body.

[0006] Often, the armature is formed from a solid, magnetizable metal block which is directly activated by the springs.

[0007] — We also know, for example from the Japanese document JPSS261681, of an armature of which the metal block is entirely rolled so as to form a block of a plurality of metal sheets placed adjacent to each other.

[0008] — We also know from Japanese document JPHO8247181 of an armature whose block metallic comprises a laminated portion formed from a plurality of metal sheets adjacent to each other and welded together, and a massive portion to which the laminated portion is welded. Description of the invention

[0009] = The invention aims to provide an electromagnetic braking device of a type similar, but particularly simple and efficient.

[0010] = The invention thus relates, in a first aspect, to an electric braking device tromagnetic configured to block a rotating shaft, comprising a friction disc mounted movable in translation and rotation and configured to be fixed to the rotating shaft, an outer part and an intermediate part mounted movable in translation between the friction disc and the outer part, at least one of the outer part or the intermediate part being magnetic, at least one electromagnetic actuating member and at least one mechanical actuating member which are housed in the other of the outer part or the intermediate part, the intermediate part being configured to move in a first direction called braking towards the friction disc when it is under the action of at least one mechanical actuating member, and in a second direction opposite to the first direction towards the outer part when the intermediate part is under the action of at least one electromagnetic actuating member;the electromagnetic braking device being characterized in that it further comprises a plurality of independent magnetic sheets, movable in translation between the intermediate part and the external part when they are under the action of at least one mechanical actuating member and / or under the action of at least one electromagnetic actuating member. ; In the device according to the invention, the external part is fixed and the intermediate part as well as the magnetic sheets are at least partially mobile in translation relative to the external part. According to a first embodiment, the external part is formed by a magnetic body and the intermediate part is formed by a magnetic armature. According to a second embodiment, the outer part is formed by a magnetic armature and the intermediate part is formed by a magnetic body. It should be noted that the body, the frame and the leaves can be made of a metallic or composite material. In each of these embodiments, at least one electromagnetic actuation element and at least one mechanical actuation element are housed in the body and the magnetic sheets are located against the armature under the action of at least one mechanical actuation element. Thus, the device is configured so that, in a braking configuration, the magnetic metal sheets are pushed by at least one mechanical actuation member from the outer part, or the intermediate part, respectively, towards the intermediate part, or the outer part, respectively; and in a release configuration, the magnetic metal sheets are at least partially displaced under the action of at least one electromagnetic actuation member from the intermediate part, or the outer part, respectively, towards the outer part, or the intermediate part, respectively, against the at least one member mechanical actuation, until coming against the external or intermediate part, with the magnetic metal sheets which deform successively under the simultaneous action of at least one mechanical actuation member. If necessary, the magnetic metal sheets can be moved against at least one mechanical actuation member, until they come against the outer or intermediate part. When they are not under the action of at least one mechanical actuation element, nor under the action of at least one electromagnetic actuation element, the magnetic sheets are generally flat. It should be noted that in the first embodiment, the electromagnetic braking device is configured so that, in the braking configuration, the leaves are pushed by at least one mechanical actuation member from an internal face of the body and accompany the movement of the armature in the first direction towards the friction disc and, in the unbraking configuration, the leaves are moved under the action of at least one electromagnetic actuation member in the second direction and are accompanied in movement by the armature, against at least one mechanical actuation member, until they come against the internal face of the body, with the leaves deforming successively under the action of at least one mechanical actuation member. In particular, during the transition from the braking configuration to the unbraking configuration, the portion(s) of the leaf(s) located within the area of ​​application of the force exerted by at least one mechanical actuation element move more slowly than the rest of the leaf surface. The remaining leaf surface deforms and more rapidly comes to rest against the inner face of the body. It is the armature, magnetically stressed by the electromagnetic actuation element, which, due to its massive structure, restores the leaf(s) to their original shape as it moves against the at least one mechanical actuation element. During the transition from the release to the braking configuration, the portion(s) of the leaf(s) located within the area of ​​application of the force exerted by at least one mechanical actuation element move simultaneously with the armature and more rapidly, in the first direction, from the inner face of the body, than the rest of the leaf surface, while the rest of the leaf surface deforms and moves more slowly away from the inner face of the body. It is observed that the armature is no longer magnetically stressed and that it moves more rapidly, pushed by the leaves themselves, which are themselves pushed by at least one mechanical actuation element, until it comes into contact with the friction disc. It should also be noted that in the second embodiment, the electromagnetic braking device is configured so that, in the braking configuration, The magnetic metal sheets are pushed by at least one mechanical actuation member against the armature and at least one mechanical actuation member takes support on the assembly formed by the sheets and the armature to accompany the body in movement in the first direction towards the friction disc and, in a release configuration, the body is moved under the action of at least one electromagnetic actuation member in the second direction, against at least one mechanical actuation member, until it comes against the sheets and compresses them against the armature. In particular, during the transition from the braking configuration to the unbraking configuration, the part(s) of the sheet(s) located within the area of ​​application of the force exerted by at least one mechanical actuation element remain pressed, or nearly so, against the reinforcement, while the rest of the sheet surface, magnetically stressed by the electromagnetic actuation element, can deform. It is the body, displaced by the electromagnetic actuation element—that is, attracted towards the reinforcement and also towards the sheets—that restores the sheets to their original shape or cancels out the deformation they undergo when compressed between the body and the reinforcement, particularly due to the latter's massive structure. During the transition from the release configuration to the braking configuration, it is observed that the armature is no longer magnetically stressed and that it allows a faster movement of the body, pushed by at least one mechanical actuation element, until it comes into contact with the friction disc. More generally, it is the presence of at least one mechanical actuation device, capable of mechanically stressing the entire assembly formed by the reinforcement and all the sheets, that generates the successive deformation of these sheets. In particular, the deformation of the sheets results from the force exerted by at least one mechanical actuation device combined with the magnetic force generated by at least one electromagnetic actuation device, which is either established or dissipated. This helps to reduce the noise that can be generated by the movement of the armature, or body, from the friction disc to the body, or the armature. The transition time from braking configuration to release configuration may be slightly longer because the armature is magnetized only later, but this has no adverse influence on the operation of the electromagnetic braking device. Overall, in each of the embodiments, the time to switch from the brake release configuration to the braking configuration is thus reduced, which is particularly safe. This also helps to reduce the noise that can be generated by the movement of the frame. respectively of the body, from the inner face of the body, respectively the armature, towards the friction disc. Particularly simple, convenient and economical preferred features of the device according to the invention are presented below. At least one electromagnetic actuation element and at least one mechanical actuation element may be fixedly housed in the intermediate part or in the external part. At least one mechanical actuation element can be configured to stress external and / or internal peripheral areas of the magnetic sheets, while the electromagnetic actuation element can be configured to generate a magnetic flux circulating in the magnetic sheets. The ratio between the thickness of the intermediate part, or of the external part, and the thickness of the magnetic sheets resting against each other can be between approximately 0.2 and approximately 30, or even between approximately 0.2 and 5. The electromagnetic braking device can include between approximately 2 and approximately 30 magnetic sheets. Each magnetic sheet can have a thickness of between 0.3 mm and approximately 5 mm and / or each sheet can have approximately the same thickness. The external or intermediate part may have an internal face and may include at least one blind hole opening onto said internal face, at least one mechanical actuation element being a compression spring partially housed in said blind hole and extending in projection from said internal face until it comes into contact with one of the sheets which is directly opposite said internal face. The electromagnetic braking device may include a plurality of compression springs distributed, in particular regularly, along an external peripheral edge and / or an internal peripheral edge of said internal face. The external part or the intermediate part may have an internal face and may include a housing provided in the internal face, the electromagnetic actuation member having an electric coil housed in said housing and configured to generate a magnetic flux circulating in said magnetic metal sheets and in said external part and in said intermediate part when said electric coil is supplied with electric current. The external part can be configured to be mechanically attached to a support, the friction disc being located axially between the intermediate part and said support. The electromagnetic braking device may include at least one assembly member having a first end mechanically fixed to said external part and a second end, opposite said first end, as- mechanically subjected to said support so that said friction disc, said intermediate part and said leaves are located between said outer part and said support. The electromagnetic braking device may include at least one connecting member having a main portion having a first end configured to bear against said support and a second end, opposite the first end, configured to bear against said external part, at least one connecting member having a through orifice configured to be traversed by said assembly member. The electromagnetic braking device may include several connecting elements distributed, in particular regularly, along an external peripheral edge of said external part. The device may include at least one connecting element configured to maintain a predetermined distance between the external part and a support intended to enclose, with the intermediate part, the friction disc.Each sheet may comprise a main portion, a support portion and a connecting portion attaching the support portion to the main portion, the connecting member being supported against the support portion of one of the sheets, so that the support portions of all the sheets are supported against each other and form for example a block, with the support portions of the sheets, and therefore the block, which are interposed and kept in contact between the connecting member and the external part, each connecting portion being configured to deform when the main portion of the associated sheet deforms under the action of at least one mechanical actuation member and / or under the action of at least one electromagnetic actuation member. Each sheet may have separate support portions spaced apart from each other, each support portion being provided in external projection from the main portion or within the main portion, and at least one connecting element is formed by a spacer. Each sheet may include a support element extending around the main portion of the associated sheet and forming the support portion, the support having a support rim forming the connecting element. The external part may include at least one through hole having a first end opening onto a face turned towards said intermediate part, the at least one through hole being enlarged on the side of its first end and the at least one connecting member having a thinned end portion configured to be received in the at least one through hole on the side of its first end. The invention also relates, in a second aspect, to a mobility system, for example of the elevator or forklift type, comprising a braking device electromagnetic as described above and a rotating shaft which is integral with a friction disc of the electromagnetic braking device, with the rotating shaft which is locked in rotation when the intermediate part has been moved in the first direction called braking and is in contact with the friction disc, and with the rotating shaft which is free in rotation when the intermediate part has been moved in the second direction opposite to the first direction and is away from the friction disc. Brief description of the figures We will now continue the exposition of the invention by describing an example of an embodiment, given below by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the drawings referred to below. Fig. 1 schematically and partially represents a mobility system provided with an assembly comprising a rotating shaft and an electromagnetic braking device according to the invention and mounted around the rotating shaft. Fig. 2 is a partial perspective view of the entire mobility system of Fig. 1, including the electromagnetic braking device according to a first embodiment and the rotating shaft. [Fig.3] is a similar view to that of [Fig.2], in side view. Fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the electromagnetic braking device taken in isolation. [Fig.5] is a view similar to that of [Fig.4], from a different angle. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic braking device labeled VI-VI in Fig. 3. [Fig.7] illustrates a detail marked D1 on [Fig.6]. Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic braking device, in a so-called braking configuration. Figure 9 illustrates a detail identified as D2 on Figure 8. [Fig.10] is a view similar to that of [Fig.8], showing the electromagnetic braking device in a so-called unbraking configuration. [Fig.11] illustrates a detail marked D3 on [Fig.10]. The [Fig.12] is a partial cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic braking device, going from its so-called debraking configuration to its so-called braking configuration and according to a first angle of view. Fig. 13 is a view similar to that of Fig. 4, showing an electromagnetic braking device according to a second embodiment. Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic braking device of Fig. 13, in its braking configuration. Figure 15 is a perspective view of an electromagnetic braking device according to a third embodiment. Figure 16 shows the electromagnetic braking device of Figure 15 from a different perspective. Fig. 17 is an exploded perspective view of the electromagnetic braking device of figures 15 and 16. Fig. 18 is an exploded perspective view of an electromagnetic braking device according to a fourth embodiment. Fig. 19 is a partial cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic braking device according to a fifth embodiment, showing this device in a braking configuration. [Fig.20] is a view similar to that of [Fig.19], showing the device in a braking configuration. Fig. 21 is a partial cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic braking device according to a sixth embodiment, showing this device in a brake-release configuration. [Fig.22] is a view similar to that of [Fig.21], showing the device in a braking configuration. Detailed description Figure [Fig.1] schematically represents a mobility system 1, for example here of the elevator type. This mobility system 1 comprises a lift cabin 4, a rotating shaft 7 and a cable 3 connecting the lift cabin 4 to the rotating shaft 7. The mobility system 2 also includes an electric motor 2 powered by electric current and configured to drive the rotating shaft 7 in rotation. When the rotating shaft 7 is driven in rotation by the electric motor 2, the cable 3 winds or unwinds, depending on the direction of drive, around the rotating shaft 7 and the elevator car 4 is allowed to go up or down. The mobility system 1 and in particular the elevator cabin 4 may require prolonged safe stops and therefore includes an electromagnetic braking device 5. The electromagnetic braking device 5 is mounted on the rotating shaft 7 and is configured either to brake, or even block in rotation, the rotating shaft 7, or to leave it free. The electromagnetic braking device 5 is electrically powered and it can be the same power supply source as the electric motor 2. In particular, the electromagnetic braking device 5 can be configured to braking the rotation of the rotating shaft 7 when it is not supplied with current, which also helps to secure the mobility system 1 for example in case of power supply failure. The electromagnetic braking device 5, conforming to a first embodiment, is more clearly visible in figures 2 and 3. The electromagnetic braking device 5 is mechanically secured to a support 6, here formed by a housing, by means of assembly screws 17, for example. The electromagnetic braking device 5 has a central opening 12, here circular in shape, which defines a passage for the rotating shaft 7. The electromagnetic braking device 5 comprises a body 10, also called a shell, having here a generally cylindrical shape and annular cross-section. Body 10 is here made of a magnetic metallic material. The braking device 5 further comprises a plurality of magnetic metallic sheets 16, a magnetic metallic armature 14 and a friction disc 15 which are interposed between the body 10 and the housing 6. The braking device 5 further includes a connecting element formed by spacers 30 arranged between the body 10 and the housing 6 to define a space 9 between these elements. The spacers 30 are configured to maintain a predetermined distance between the body 10 and the support 6. The magnetic metal sheets 16, the magnetic metal armature 14 and the friction disc 15 are received in this space 9 formed between the body 10 and the support 6. In particular, the leaves 16 are arranged between the body 10 and the frame 14, the frame 14 is arranged between the leaves 16 and the friction disc 15, and the friction disc 15 is arranged between the frame 14 and the support 6. In this first embodiment of the electromagnetic braking device 5, the body 10 forms an external part while the armature 14 forms an intermediate part. In the illustrated example, the leaves 16 and the frame 14 are mounted to move in translation on the rotating shaft 7 and relative to the body 10, in space 9. The body 10 is fixed here relative to the support 6. The friction disc 15 is configured to be mechanically fixed to the rotating shaft 7. The friction disc 15 has a lining 20 on one face facing the frame 14 and a lining 20 on an opposite face of the friction disc 15 facing the support 6. Each lining 20 has an annular section and is provided at least at the periphery of the friction disc 15. The electromagnetic braking device 5 is configured so that, when not electrically powered, the leaves 16 and the armature 14 move in a first direction called braking towards the friction disc 15 until the armature 14 comes to rest against the friction disc 15 to block it in rotation and thus prevent the rotation of the rotating shaft 7. On the contrary, when the electromagnetic braking device 5 is electrically powered, the leaves 16 and the armature 14 move in a second direction opposite to the first direction, moving away from the friction disc 15 so as to release it and allow its rotation. The electromagnetic braking device 5 is further provided with a position sensor 40 of the intermediate part mounted on a peripheral face of the body 10 and intended to detect the position of the armature 14, so as to check whether the armature is in contact or not with the friction disc 15. The position sensor 40 is here equipped with an external electronic housing and a so-called plunger mechanism 45 mechanically attached to the armature 14 and which includes in particular a rod partially projecting from the armature 14 towards the friction disc 15, and around which a spring element is mounted. Figures 4 to 7 show the electromagnetic braking device 5 in more detail. In particular, the body 10 of the electromagnetic braking device 5 has an inner face 11 and an outer face 13 axially opposed to the inner face 11. The inner face 11 has an inner peripheral edge 72 and an outer peripheral edge 74. The body 10 is provided with a central orifice 41 around which is the inner peripheral edge 72, and which delimits the central opening 12 of the electromagnetic braking device 5. The body 10 is provided with a housing 21 opening onto its inner face 11. The housing 21 is concentric with the central orifice 41 of the body 10 and is provided between the inner and outer peripheral edges 72 and 74 of the inner face 11 of the body 10. The electromagnetic braking device 5 includes an electric coil 22 which is received in the housing 21 being substantially flush with the inner face 11 of the body 10. The coil 22 is supplied by conductive wires 47 passing through a peripheral face of the body 10. The body 10 is also provided with blind holes 23 and 25 opening onto its inner face 11. The electromagnetic braking device 5 further comprises internal and external springs 24 and 26, here formed of helical springs. Alternatively, these could be spring washers or any other type of elastic mechanical system capable of exerting a load. The internal and external springs 24 and 26 are at least partially received in the blind holes 23 and 25 and extend in projection from the inner face 11 of the body 10. The internal and external springs 24 and 26 are designed to come into contact with one of the magnetic metal sheets 16 which is located directly opposite the inner face 11 of the body 10. In particular the body 10 is provided with a first series of blind holes 23 regularly distributed along the inner peripheral edge 72 of the inner face 11 and a second series of blind holes 25 regularly distributed along the outer peripheral edge 74 of the inner face 11. The first and second sets of blind holes 23 and 25 are thus arranged on either side of the housing 21 which separates them. The blind holes 23 of the first series receive the internal compression springs 24 while the blind holes 25 of the second series receive the external compression springs 26. The depth of the blind holes 23 and 25 may be identical or different from one series to another, while the internal and external springs 24 and 26 may be identical or different, particularly with regard to their stiffness, length, diameter and state of compression. In the illustrated example, the first series is formed by three blind holes 23 while the second series is formed by eight blind holes 25. The blind holes 23 and 25 of each series are distributed concentrically here. The body 10 is also provided with through holes 27 ([Fig.6]) which are here regularly distributed along the outer peripheral edge 74 of the inner face 11 of the body 10 and extend parallel to the central axis X, which through holes 27 are configured to be traversed by the assembly screws 17. Each through hole 27 opens at one end onto the inner face 11 of the body 10 and at a second end, opposite the first end, onto the outer face 13 of the body 10. The first end of each hole going through 27 opening onto the inner face 11 of the body 10 is enlarged, as can be seen in [Fig.7]. The body 10 is also provided with blind holes 39 which are located along the outer peripheral edge 74 of the inner face 11 of the body 10 and extend parallel to the central axis X. The body 10 is provided with two blind holes 39 which are diametrically opposed. The blind holes 39 are configured to receive guide pins 29 of the braking device. When received in the blind holes 39, the guide columns 29 protrude from the inner face 11 of the body 10. The guide columns 29 are configured on the one hand to guide the sheets 16 and the reinforcement 14 in translation within space 9 and on the other hand to ensure a re- resistance to the force of the armature 14 when the latter comes to rest against the friction disc 15. The spacers 30 of the electromagnetic braking device 5 have a through hole 31 which is configured to be passed through by an assembly screw 17. The spacers 30 are thus regularly distributed along the outer peripheral edge 74 of the inner face 11 of the body 10 and are arranged so that the through orifice 31 is opposite the through holes 27 of the body 10. In particular, the spacers 30 are provided, at a first end, with a main portion 32 configured to bear against the support 6 and, at a second end opposite to the first end, with a thinned portion 33 which is connected to the main portion 32 by a shoulder 34. The first enlarged end of each through hole 27 is configured to receive the thinned portion 33 of each spacer 30 until the inner face 11 of the body 10 abuts against the shoulder 34. Thus, the main portion 32 has a length, along the central axis X, which corresponds to the distance separating the body 10 from the support 6. In the illustrated example, this distance is equal to the sum of the dimensions, along the central axis X, of the disk 15, the frame 14 of sheets 16, and of an air gap allowing in particular the mobility of these elements. It is therefore possible to adjust the distance separating the body 10 from the support 6 by replacing the spacers 30 with spacers having a main portion 32 which has different dimensions. In other words, the air gap can be adjusted by selecting a predefined length of the main portion 32. In an unillustrated variant, this could allow the formation of a device with a variable-sized air gap. In another variant not illustrated, the shoulder of the spacer can come to rest against the leaf furthest from the body. In order to attach the body 10 to the support 6, the support 6 is provided with tapped holes 65 arranged in complementarity with the through holes 27 of the body 10, which tapped holes 65 are configured to receive the assembly screws 17. As illustrated in [Fig.6], each assembly screw 17 is provided with a threaded portion 18 at a first end and a head 19 at a second end opposite to the first end. The assembly screws 17 are inserted by their first end into the through holes 27 until the head 19 comes to rest against the outer face 13 of the body 10. The threaded portion 18 protrudes from the inner face 11 to be screwed into the tapped holes 65 of the support 6. The magnetic metallic sheets 16 are provided with a central orifice 42 which delimits the central opening 12 of the electromagnetic braking device 5. Each sheet 16 has an identical substantially annular cross-section. The magnetic metallic sheets 16 have an internal peripheral zone 62 and an external peripheral zone 64 and here have a constant thickness Ef. Each magnetic metal sheet 16 has first guide holes 28 which are through and provided substantially in the outer peripheral area 64 of each sheet 16. These first guide holes 28 are provided in complementarity with the through holes 27 of the body 10 and the tapped holes 65 of the support 6. Each first guide hole 28 is configured to be traversed by the main portion 32 of each spacer 30. Each magnetic metal sheet 16 also has second guide holes 52 which are through and substantially formed in the outer peripheral area 64 of each sheet 16. The second guide holes 52 are configured to receive the guide columns 29 with an adjustment allowing the sheets 16 to be moved along the guide columns 29. This allows, on the one hand, the magnetic metal sheets 16 to be guided in translation between the body 10 and the support 6, and on the other hand, the rotation of the sheets 16 around the central axis X of the body 10 to be blocked. The magnetic metal sheets 16 have a solid surface opposite the blind holes 23 and 25 of the body 10 so that the internal and external springs 24 and 26 bear against the sheets 16. In the example shown, the electromagnetic braking device 5 comprises thirteen identical magnetic metallic leaves 16. Alternatively, the electromagnetic braking device may include more or fewer than 16 identical magnetic metallic sheets, and more generally there may be between two and thirty identical or different sheets. Each sheet 16 here has a thickness Ef of approximately 0.5 mm. More generally, sheets 16 can have a thickness Ef ranging from approximately 0.3 mm to approximately 5 mm. When they are leaning against each other, the plurality of 16 magnetic metal sheets has a predetermined thickness Eft which corresponds to the sum of the thicknesses Ef of each sheet 16. The sheets 16 can be electrically insulated from each other, for example by being coated with a varnish. The sheets 16 can be provided with an anti-corrosion treatment, as can the frame 14 and the body 10. The reinforcement 14 has a massive structure and is in the form of a plate of constant thickness Ea. The frame 14 is provided with a central orifice 43 delimiting the central opening 12 of the electromagnetic braking device 5. The frame 14 has an internal peripheral zone 92 and an external peripheral zone 94. The frame 14 is provided with third guide holes 38 which are through-holes and substantially formed in the outer peripheral zone 94 of the frame 14. The third guide holes 38 are formed in conjunction with the first guide holes 28 of the magnetic metal sheets 16. Each third guide hole 38 is configured to be traversed by the main portion 32 of each spacer 30. The reinforcement also includes fourth guide holes 54 which are through-holes and are substantially located in the outer peripheral zone 94 of the reinforcement. The fourth guide holes 54 are configured to receive the guide columns 29 with an adjustment allowing the reinforcement 14 to move along the guide columns 29. In particular, the fit between the second and fourth guide holes 52 and 54 and the guide posts 29 is less than the fit between the first and third 28 and 38 guide holes and the spacers 30. The frame 14 here has a thickness Ea of approximately 12 mm. More generally, the frame 14 can have a thickness Ea ranging from approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 40 mm. The thickness Ea of the frame 14 is significantly greater than the thickness Ef of each magnetic metal sheet 16. The ratio between the thickness Ea of the reinforcement 14 and the thickness Eft of the magnetic metal sheets 16 resting against each other is here equal to approximately 1.86. More generally, this ratio can be between approximately 0.2 and approximately 30, or even between approximately 0.2 and 5. The frame 14 and the magnetic metal sheets 16 are distinct elements, and the sheets 16 themselves are distinct elements, so that they can be separated from each other. In other words, the frame 14 is distinct from the sheets 16 and the sheets 16 are distinct from each other. The friction disc 15 has a cross-section that is smaller than that of the frame 14 and the sheets 16 so that the spacers 30 are located around the friction disc 15. The friction disc 15 has a hub 35 having a projecting part extending axially towards the body 10. The hub 35 is here grooved. As illustrated in [Fig. 8], the rotating shaft 7 has a splined portion 61 complementary to the hub 35. The splined portion 61 is configured to engage in a sliding mesh with the hub 35. In this way, the friction disc 15 can rotate with the rotating shaft 7 and slide axially along the grooved portion 61 of the rotating shaft 7. The protruding part of the hub 35 is configured to be received in the central holes 42 and 43 provided respectively on the sheets 16 and on the frame 14. Figures 8 to 11, then 12, show respectively the electromagnetic braking device 5 in a braking or release configuration, and then during the transition from the release configuration to the braking configuration. As can be seen in figures 8 and 9, the electromagnetic braking device 5 is in its braking configuration in which the electric coil 22 is at rest, i.e. not supplied with current, and the armature 14 is against the friction disc 15, under the action of the internal and external springs 24 and 26. The internal and external springs 24 and 26 thus act on the armature 14 via the leaves 16. The armature 14 is pushed in the first direction until it comes into contact with the lining 20 of the friction disc 15 and pushes the latter against the housing 6. In particular, the internal springs 24 are configured to act towards the internal peripheral zone 62 of the leaves 16, while the external springs 26 are configured to act towards the external peripheral zone 64 of the leaves 16. The rotating shaft 7 is thus blocked in rotation by the clamping of the friction disc 15 between the armature 14 and the support 6 under the action of the internal and external springs 24 and 26. In this configuration, a space J1 ([Fig.9]) corresponding to the air gap, is formed between the inner face 11 of the body 10 and the leaves 16. The space J1 can be adjusted by modifying the thickness Ea and / or the number of leaves 16, the thickness Ea of the reinforcement 14 and / or the size of the main portion 32 of the spacers 30. As can be seen in Figures 10 and 11, the electromagnetic braking device 5 is in its unbraking configuration in which the electric coil 22 is supplied with current. The electric coil 22 is configured to generate a magnetic flux circulating in the magnetic metal sheets 16, in the body 10 and in the armature 14. The magnetic flux generated by the electric coil 22 thus attracts the magnetic metal sheets 16 and the armature 14 against the inner face 11 of the body 10. For this purpose, the frame 14 and the leaves 16 are made of a magnetic material. For example, the frame 14 can be made of cast iron, or of steel such as unalloyed steel of type C10, C22 or C45, while the leaves 16 can be made of steel. The frame 14 and the leaves 16 are displaced under the action of the magnetic flux in the second direction opposite to the first direction, directed towards the inner face 11 of the body 10 until the frame 14 presses the leaves 16 against the inner face 11 of the body 10. In this configuration, a space J2 ([Fig.11]) corresponding to the air gap, is formed between the armature 14 and the friction disc 15. The space J2 can be adjusted in the same way as the space J1 located between the inner face 11 of the body 10 and the leaves 16. In the brake release configuration, the brake disc 15 is thus at a distance from the frame 14 and the support 6 and is free to rotate. In each of the braking or unbraking configurations described above, the leaves 16 are pushed in the first direction against the frame 14 and are compressed together, particularly at the areas of application of the force exerted by the internal and external springs 24 and 26. In [Fig.12], the electromagnetic braking device 5 is in an intermediate configuration corresponding to the transition from the braking configuration, illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, to the release configuration, illustrated in Figures 10 and 11. During the transition from the braking configuration to the unbraking configuration, the electric coil 22 is supplied with current and the magnetic flux generated by this electric coil 22 circulates progressively from the sheet 16 directly opposite the inner face 11 of the body 10 to the armature 14. The progressive circulation of the magnetic flux causes a successive and progressive displacement of the sheets 16 and then of the armature 14 in the second direction. In the illustrated example, among the 16 magnetic metallic leaves, we distinguish leaves, noted 16a to distinguish them, which are attracted towards the inner face 11 of the body 10 under the action of the magnetic flux generated by the electric coil 22 and leaves, noted 16b to distinguish them, which are not yet magnetized or subjected to a sufficient magnetic flux to attract them. The sheets 16b are therefore still compressed against the armature 14 at least at the level of the areas of application of the force exerted by the internal and external springs 24 and 26 while the magnetized sheets 16a are deformed at the level of remaining areas until they come to rest against the internal face 11 of the body 10 under the action of the magnetic flux generated by the electric coil 22. The action of the internal and external springs 24 and 26 as well as the action of the magnetic lux generated by the electric coil 22 thus contribute to the deformation of the magnetized sheets 16b. This is possible firstly because the leaves 16 have sufficiently low rigidity that prevents them from compressing the internal and external springs 24 and 26 under the action of the magnetic flux, and secondly because they are independent. from each other so that they can move apart in the first direction. The magnetized sheets 16b deform radially between each of the application zones of the force exerted by the external springs 26 and also deform circumferentially between each of the application zones of the force applied by the internal and external springs 24 and 26. The armature 14 therefore detaches from the friction disc 15 when it is in turn magnetized until it comes against the leaves 16. The leaves 16 are thus reshaped between the armature 14 and the inner face 11 of the body 10. This is possible thanks to the massive structure of the 14-frame reinforcement. The kinetic energy of the armature 14 moving in the second direction is dissipated by means of the leaves 16, which in particular helps to reduce noise when the device 5 changes from its braking configuration to its unbraking configuration. The operation of the electromagnetic braking device 5 is quite similar when switching from the release configuration to the braking configuration. It differs in particular in that the electric coil 22 is no longer supplied with current and the magnetic flux dissipates progressively from the armature 14 to the sheet 16 directly opposite the inner face 11 of the body 10, causing the successive and progressive displacement of the armature 14 and the sheets 16. The armature 14 is thus moved in the first direction before the leaves 16 as soon as the magnetic flux is no longer sufficient to attract it, so that there is a space between the inner face 11 of the body 10 and the leaf 16 directly adjacent to the inner face 11, which space allows the magnetized leaves 16b to deform under the action of the internal and external springs 24 and 26. The progressive dissipation of the magnetic flux causes a successive and progressive displacement of the sheets 16 in the first direction, thus forming a plurality of air gaps between the sheets 16. These air gaps generate a plurality of magnetic fluxes, or magnetic flux bridges, between the inner face 11 of the body 10 and the armature 14, which allow the magnetic flux in the armature 14 to dissipate more quickly. The sheets 16 are moved successively until they come against the frame 14, which in particular allows the speed of movement of the frame 14 against the friction disc 15 to be reduced. Figures 13 and 14 show the electromagnetic braking device according to a second embodiment in which only the arrangement of the body and the armature differs from the electromagnetic braking device visible in figures 2 to 12; To simplify the description, the same numerical references have therefore been used except for the body and the frame for which similar but added to the number 100 were used. In this device 105, the spacers 30 are arranged between the magnetic armature 114 and the support 6 to define a space between these elements. The spacers 30 are configured here to maintain a predetermined distance between the armature 114 and the support 6. The magnetic metal sheets 16, the body 110 and the friction disc 15 are received in the space 9 formed between the armature 114 and the support 6. In particular, a first end of the main portion of each spacer 30 is configured to bear against the support 6 and a second end opposite to the first end is configured to bear against the reinforcement 114. In an unillustrated variant, the second end of each spacer can be configured to rest against the sheet furthest from the frame. The assembly screws 17 pass through the through hole of each spacer. In particular, the assembly screws 17 are inserted by their first end into the through holes until the head abuts against the frame 114. The threaded portion protrudes from the side of the first end of the spacer 30 to be screwed into the tapped holes of the support 6. The leaves 16 are arranged between the body 110 and the frame 114, the body 110 is arranged between the leaves 16 and the friction disc 15 is arranged between the body 110 and the support 6. In this second embodiment of the electromagnetic braking device 5, the body 110 forms the intermediate part while the armature 114 forms the external part. Specifically, the leaves 16 and the body 110 are mounted to move in translation on the rotating shaft 7 and relative to the armature 114, within the space 9, while the armature 114 is fixed relative to the support 6. The electromagnetic braking device 105 is configured so that, when not electrically powered, the leaves 16 and the body 110 move in the first direction, known as the braking direction, towards the friction disc 15 until the body 110 comes to rest against the friction disc 15 to block it from rotating and thus prevent the rotation of the rotating shaft 7. On the contrary, when the electromagnetic braking device 105 is electrically powered, the leaves 16 and the body 110 move at least partially in the second direction, moving away from the friction disc 15 so as to release it and allow its rotation. The position sensor is designed to detect the position of body 110, in order to verify whether or not body 110 is in contact with the friction disc 15. The plunger mechanism (not shown) is mechanically attached to body 110 and the rod. which it comprises partially protruding from the body 110 towards the friction disc 15, and around which a spring element is mounted. The through holes 127 are configured here to be traversed by the main portion of each spacer 30. Unlike the first embodiment, the through holes 127 do not have an enlarged end but have a constant cross-section allowing the movement of the body 110 along the main portion of the spacers 30. The third guide holes 138 are configured to receive the thinned portion of the spacers 30 as well as the assembly screws 17. Each third guide hole 138 opens at a first end onto a face of the frame 114 facing the leaves 16 and at a second end, opposite the first end, onto a face opposite the face facing the leaves 16. In particular, the first end of each third guide hole 138 opening onto the face facing the leaves 16 is here enlarged and configured to receive the thinned portion of each spacer 30 until the face of the frame 114 facing the leaves 16 comes against the shoulder. It is therefore possible to adjust the distance separating the frame 114 from the support 6 by replacing the spacers 30 with spacers having a main portion which has different dimensions. Figure 14 shows the electromagnetic braking device 105 in more detail. The assembly screws 17 are inserted by their first end into the third guide holes 138 until the head comes to rest against the face of the frame 114 on the side opposite the leaves 16. The threaded portion protrudes from the face of the frame 114 turned towards the leaves 16 to be screwed into the tapped holes 65 of the support 6. The main portion of the spacers 30 is thus configured on the one hand to guide the leaves 16 and the body 110 in translation in space 9 and, on the other hand, to ensure resistance to the force of the body 110 when the latter comes to rest against the friction disc 15. The friction disc 15 has a cross-section smaller than that of the body 110, the outer face of which is configured to come into contact with one of the linings of the friction disc 15. The protruding part of the hub is configured to be received in the central opening of the body 110. When the electromagnetic braking device 105 is in its braking configuration, the body 110 is moved in the first direction, towards the friction disc 15, under the action of the internal and external springs 24 and 26 and the leaves 16 are against the frame 114, also under the action of the internal and external springs 24 and 26. In particular, the internal and external springs 24 and 26 act on the frame 114 via the leaves 16, and push the body 110 by counter-reaction in the first direction until it comes into contact with the friction disc lining 15 and pushes the latter against the support 6. The rotating shaft 7 is thus blocked from rotation by the clamping of the friction disc 15 between the body 110 and the support 6 under the action of the internal and external springs 24 and 26. In this configuration, a space (not shown) is formed between the inner face of the body 110 and the leaves 16. When the electromagnetic braking device 105 is in its unbraking configuration, the body 110 is moved in the second direction under the action of the magnetic flux generated by the electric coil 22 and the leaves 16 are against the armature 114. The friction disc 15 is thus kept away from the body 110 and the support 6 and is therefore free to rotate. In this configuration, a space (not shown) is formed between the outer face of the body 110 and the friction disc 15. In each of the braking or unbraking configurations described above, the leaves 16 are pushed in the second direction against the frame 114 and are compressed together, particularly at the areas of application of the force exerted by the internal and external springs 24 and 26. When the device 105 is in an intermediate configuration corresponding to the transition from the braking configuration to the unbraking configuration, the progressive circulation of the magnetic flux causes the successive and progressive displacement of the part of the leaves 16 located in the area of ​​application of the magnetic flux in the first direction, then the displacement of the body 110 in the second direction. The leaves that are not yet magnetized or subjected to a sufficient magnetic flux to attract them are therefore still compressed against the armature 114 at least in the areas of application of the force exerted by the internal and external springs 24 and 26 while the magnetized leaves are deformed in the remaining areas under the action of the magnetic flux until the inner face of the body 110 comes into contact with these magnetized leaves. When the magnetic flux is sufficiently large, the body 110 therefore detaches from the friction disc 15 until it comes against the leaves 16 which are reshaped by compression between the inner face of the body 110 and the armature 114. The kinetic energy of the body 110 moving in the second direction is dissipated by means of the leaves 16, which in particular helps to reduce noise when device 105 changes from its braking configuration to its unbraking configuration. When the device 105 is in an intermediate configuration corresponding to the transition from the unbraking configuration to the braking configuration, the progressive dissipation of the magnetic flux causes the body 110 to move in the first direction as soon as the magnetic flux is no longer sufficient, so that there is a space between the inner face of the body 110 and the sheet 16 directly adjacent to the inner face, at least at the level of the areas of application of the force exerted by the internal and external springs 24 and 26, which space allows the still magnetized sheets to deform under the action of the magnetic flux remaining at the level of the areas far from the areas of application of the force exerted by the internal and external springs 24 and 26. The progressive dissipation of the magnetic flux leads to a cancellation of the successive and progressive deformation of the sheets 16 and therefore of the plurality of air gaps between the sheets 16. The part or parts of the sheets 16 located in the area of ​​application of the force exerted by the internal and external springs 24 and 26 remain compressed against the reinforcement 114. Figures 15 to 17 illustrate an electromagnetic braking device according to a third embodiment, of the same type as that described with reference to Figures 13 and 14, but in which the body, the frame and the leaves differ from the latter. To simplify the description, the same numerical references have therefore been used except for the body, the frame, the sheets, the spacers and the position sensor of the intermediate part for which similar references but with the number 200 added were used. In this device, the body 210 is formed in two identical parts 210a and 210b, each part having a semi-circular cross-section. The parts 210a and 210b are independent of each other. The body 210 has on its inner face 211 several closed-contour housings 221, opening onto the inner face 211. In the illustrated example, there are four housings 221, parts 210a and 210b of the body 210 each have two housings 221. The housings 221 are identical and define a circular contour. Each housing 221 contains an electrical coil 222 of a complementary shape, i.e., with a circular cross-section. Thus, the electromagnetic braking device 205 comprises four coils powered independently of each other. Thus, when a coil 222 is received in a housing 221 of one of the parts 210a and 210b is powered on, this part moves independently of the other part of body 210. The blind holes 223 are arranged inside the closed contours defined by each housing 221, while the blind holes 225 are arranged outside. However, the blind holes 223 and 225 are not regularly distributed along an inner peripheral edge and an outer peripheral edge of the inner face 211 of the body 210 as in the previously described embodiments. The inner face 211 of the body 210 here has four blind holes 223 distributed inside each of the closed contours formed by the housings 221. The internal compression springs 224 are received in the blind holes 223, while the external compression springs 226 are received in the blind holes 225. The body 210 is here provided with four blind holes 239 configured to receive the guide columns 29. Each part 210a, 210b is provided with two blind holes 239 which are arranged along the outer peripheral edge 274 of the inner face 211 of the body 210. The frame 214 here has a generally square shape. The through holes 238 for the passage of the assembly screws 17 are located at each corner of the frame 214 so that, as shown in Figures 15 and 16, the assembly screws 17 and the spacers 230 extend outside the body 210. The body 210 and the leaves 216 are thus devoid of through holes for the passage of the assembly screws and the spacers. The spacers 230 here have a constant cross-section. In other words, the spacers 230 do not have a tapered portion, unlike the previously described manufacturing methods. The position sensor 240, designed to detect the position of the body 210, is attached to the frame 214 and has two protruding rods extending towards the body 210. To integrate the position sensor 240 into the frame 214, the frame 214 has a notch 259 into which the position sensor 240 is fixed. Since the rods of the position sensor 240 extend to the body 210, the leaves 216 and the body 210 also have notches 268 and 269. It should be noted that the notch 269 in the body 210 is blind in order to form a reference surface enabling the sensor to determine the position of the body 210. Unlike the embodiment illustrated in Figures 2 to 12, the conductive wires 247 used to power the coils 222 extend from the inner face 211 of the body 210 and not from its outer face. Each of the parts 210a and 210b has an opening located between the housings 221 for the passage of conductive wires 247. In order to prevent the conductive wires 247 from being exposed outside the device 205, the sheets 216 and the frame 214 are respectively provided with holes 257 and 258 planned to be crossed by the conductor wires 247. Figure 18 illustrates an electromagnetic braking device according to a fourth embodiment, of the same type as those described with reference to Figures 2 to 17, but with different leaves. To simplify the description, the same numerical references have therefore been used except for the sheets for which similar references but with the number 300 added were used. In this device bearing the reference 305, each sheet 316 has a main portion 381 which is overall similar to the shape of the sheets of the modes of realization described previously with reference to figures 2 to 17. Each sheet 316 comprises, in addition to the main portion 381, support portions 382 extending radially outward from the main portion 381. The support portions 382 are connected to the main portion 381 by connecting portions 383. Each support portion 382 is provided with a through hole 385. The through holes 385 are aligned with the holes 238 of the frame 214, which allows the passage of the assembly screws 17. The spacers 230 here have a cross-section whose dimensions are greater than those of the through holes 385. Thus, the second ends of the spacers 230 bear against the bearing portions 382 of one of the sheets 316, namely the sheet furthest from the reinforcement 214. The bearing portions 382 of all the sheets 316 are supported against each other and form, for example, distinct blocks which are interposed and kept in contact between the spacers 230 and the reinforcement 214. Thus, the bearing portions 382 are kept fixed relative to the reinforcement 214. In the illustrated example, each spacer 230 has a length equal to the sum of the dimensions, along the central axis X, of the disk 15, the body 210 and the air gap. In other words, the length of the 230 spacers does not include the thickness of the 316 sheets. This makes it possible to avoid any manufacturing tolerances of the sheets in the definition of the air gap. Furthermore, during operation, the support portions 382 do not impede the movement and deformation of the main portions 381 of the sheets 316. Indeed, the sheets 316 are configured such that the connecting portions 383, located between the support portions 382 and the main portions 381, allow the movement and deformation of the main portions 381 while keeping the support portions 382 stationary. In this way, the independence of the main portions 381 of the sheets 316 is maintained. In other words, each connecting portion 383 is configured to deform when the associated main portion 381 deforms under the action of at least one mechanical actuation element and / or under the action of at least one electromagnetic actuation element. Of course, device 305 may include more or fewer support portions, which may be arranged differently around the main portion. Figures 19 and 20 illustrate an electromagnetic braking device according to a fifth embodiment, of the same type as those described with reference to Figures 2 to 17, but with sheets and a frame which are also different here. To simplify the description, the same numerical references have therefore been used except for the leaves and the frame for which similar references but with the number 400 added were used. In particular, figures 19 and 20 show respectively the electromagnetic braking device 405 in a release configuration and in a braking configuration. In this device, the support portions 482 and the connecting portions 483 are not formed in projection from the main portion 481, but in the main portion 481 by means of cutouts formed in the latter. In other words, the support portions 482 and the connecting portions 483 are located within the footprint of the main portions 481. Each main portion 481 here includes a cutout (not shown) defining a support portion 482 and a connecting portion 483 attaching the support portion 482 to the main portion 481. The support portion 482 is located towards an external edge of the main portion 481. The support portion 482 is provided with a through orifice 485. Each thinned portion 33 of the spacer 30 is received in a hole 27 of the body 10 and passes through the orifices 485 through the sheets 416 while the section of the main portion 32 has dimensions greater than those of the orifice 385 passing through. Thus, the shoulder 34 of the spacer 30 is here supported against the bearing portion 482 of one of the leaves 416, namely the leaf furthest from the body 10, so as to keep the bearing portions 482 fixed with respect to the body 10. The armature 414 is provided with guide notches 438 which are each configured to be traversed by the main portion 32 of the spacers 30. The tapped holes in the bracket 6 are aligned with the guide notches 438 and the holes in the body 10 to receive the assembly screws 17. When the electromagnetic braking device 405 is in its unbraking configuration, as illustrated in [Fig.19], the main portions 481 are compressed between the armature 414 and the body 10 while the support portions 482 are compressed between the spacer 30 and the body 10. When the electromagnetic braking device 405 is in its configuration of During braking, as illustrated in [Fig. 20], each block formed by the support portions 482 is held in contact between the body 10 and the associated spacer 30. The main portion 481 of each sheet 416, which is no longer under the action of the electromagnetic actuating member, is pushed by the mechanical actuating member (not shown) towards the friction disc 15 and moves independently of the support portion 482, deforming the connecting portion 483. Of course, the device may include more or fewer support portions, which may be arranged differently around the main portion. Figures 21 and 22 illustrate an electromagnetic braking device according to a sixth embodiment, of the same type as that described with reference to Figures 1 to 20, but with different sheets and support. To simplify the description, the same numerical references have therefore been used except for the sheets and the support for which similar references but with the number 500 added were used. In particular, figures 21 and 22 show respectively the electromagnetic braking device 505 in a release configuration and in a braking configuration. In this device, each sheet 516 includes a support member 582 extending around the main portion 581 and forming the support portion. In particular, the support member 582 forms a peripheral ring located at a distance from an outer edge of the main portion 581. The support member 582 is attached to the main portion 581 by a connecting portion 583. The support member 582 can also serve as a sealing member. The support 506 has a bearing rim 586 which forms the connecting member and which projects towards the body 10. The rim 586 has a free end which bears against the bearing member 582 of one of the sheets 516. Thus, a sealing function can also be ensured. The support members 582 are supported against each other and form, for example, a block extending around the periphery of the sheets 516. This arrangement can, in particular, make it possible to create a watertight interface between an internal space, delimited by the body 10, the support 506 and the support members 582 and the outside of the device 505. In this embodiment, the electromagnetic braking device 505 is without a spacer. The rim 586 is thus configured to maintain a predetermined distance between the body 10 and the support 506. The rim 586 is, for example, complementary in shape to the support member 582, which is, for example, circular. Variants not shown are described below. The device may also include several friction discs, with a flange intermediate piece mounted to move in translation along the central axis and which is provided between the friction discs. The device may also include several armatures mounted to move in translation along the central axis but fixed in rotation. The body may consist of more than two distinct parts. The sheets and / or the frame may also consist of two or more distinct parts. Other sections of body, armature, sheets and electrical coils can be considered, for example an oval, parallelepiped or triangular shape. When the device has several coils, these coils can be powered independently of each other, or by a set of at least two coils. For example, coils located in one part of a body can be powered independently of coils located in another part of the body. The coil(s) and the housing(s) can be circular, oval, parallelepiped, triangular or even bean-shaped. The compression springs can be distributed in a central area located between the inner peripheral edge and the outer peripheral edge. The body may have only one series of blind holes receiving springs, arranged either along an outer edge, or along an inner edge, or in a central area located between the outer edge and the inner edge. The body can be secured to a flange in the form of a plate, when the electromagnetic braking device is not in the immediate vicinity of a housing, in order to block the rotating friction disc between the frame and the flange. The assembly screws used to mechanically attach the body to the housing or flange can be replaced by bolts. The device may lack a position sensor for the intermediate part. The device can be fitted with an O-ring housed in a groove on the inner face of the body, in particular to further reduce noise. The body of the device may lack a central opening. The body may include an opening that is not through-hole, for example, opening only onto the inner or outer face. The device may be provided with one or more non-magnetic shims, or spacers, housed between the inner face of the body and the first adjacent metal sheet, and / or between the magnetic metal sheets or between the armature and the adjacent sheet, in particular to further reduce noise or improve the response times of the device. Thanks to the invention, a simple and efficient electromagnetic braking device can be provided, allowing for faster dissipation of the magnetic flux in the armature. Thus, it is possible to reduce the transit time of a configuration of debraking to a braking configuration compared to a similar device without magnetic metal sheets. Magnetic metal sheets allow repeated use of the device without permanent deformation or premature wear due to their elastic properties. Although in the above description the particular aspects of the invention, in particular the implementation of the mobility system, have been described in the context of an elevator, the latter could be implemented in other configurations, in particular with other types of mobility systems. It is generally recalled that the invention is not limited to the examples described and represented.

Claims

Demands

1. Electromagnetic braking device configured to block a rotating shaft (7), comprising a friction disc (15) mounted movably in translation and rotation and configured to be fixed to the rotating shaft (7), an outer part (10, 114, 214) and an intermediate part (14, 110, 210, 414) mobile mounting in translation between the friction disc (15) and the outer part (10, 114, 214), at least one of the part external (10, 114, 214) or of the intermediate part (14, 110, 210, 414) being magnetic, at least one electro-actuating element genetic (22, 222) and at least one mechanical actuation element (24, 26, 224, 226) which are housed in the other of the external part (10, 114, 214) or of the intermediate part (14, 110, 210, 414), the in- part termediaire (14, 110, 210, 414) being configured to move in a first direction, known as braking, towards the friction disc (15) when it is under the action of at least one actuating element mechanics (24, 26, 224, 226), and in a second direction opposite to the first direction towards the outer part (10, 114, 214) when the intermediate part (14, 110, 210, 414) is under the action of at least an electromagnetic actuation element (22, 222); the device of electromagnetic braking (5, 105, 205, 305, 405, 505) being characterized in that it also comprises a plurality of leaves (16, 216, 316, 416, 516) independent magnetic elements and mobile in translation between the intermediate part (14, 110, 210, 414) and the part external (10, 114, 214) when they are under the action of at least one mechanical actuation element (24, 26, 224, 226) and / or under the action of at least one electromagnetic actuation element (22, 222).

2. Electromagnetic braking device according to claim 1, ca- characterized in that the external part is formed by a body (10) ma- genetic, respectively a magnetic (114, 214) armature, and the the intermediate part is formed by a magnetic (14, 414) armature, respectively a magnetic (110, 210) body.

3. Electromagnetic braking device according to claim 2, ca- characterized in that at least one electromechanical actuation device genetic (22, 222) and at least one mechanical actuation element (24, 26, 224, 226) are housed in the body (10, 110, 210) and the leaves {16, 216, 316, 416, 516) are located against the reinforcement (14, 114, 214, 414) under the action of at least one mechanical actuation device (24, 26, 224, 226).

4. Braking device according to any one of claims | to 3, characterized in that it is configured so that, in a configuration of braking, the leaves (16, 216, 316, 416, 516) are pushed by the minus one mechanical actuation member (24, 26, 224, 226) from the outer part (10), respectively the intermediate part (110, 210), towards the intermediate part (14, 414), respectively the outer part (114, 214), and in a defroster configuration, the leaves (16, 216, 316, 416, 516) are at least partially displaced by the action of at least one electromagnetic actuation device (22, 222) from the intermediate part (14, 414), respectively the outer part (114, 214), towards the outer part (10), respectively the inter- part median (110, 210), with the leaves (16, 216, 316, 416, 516) which deform successively under the simultaneous action of at least one mechanical actuation element (24, 26, 224, 226).

5. Braking device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one mechanical actuation element (24, 26, 224, 226) is configured to solicit peripheral zones internal and / or external (62, 64) of the leaves (16, 216, 316, 416, 516), while the electromagnetic actuation member (22, 222) is configured to generate a magnetic flux circulating in the leaves (16, 216, 316, 416, 516), the body (10, 110, 210) and the armature (14, 114, 214, 414).

6. Braking device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ratio between a thickness (Ea) of the in- part termedial (14, 414), respectively of the external part (114, 214), and a thickness (Eft) of the sheets (16, 216, 316, 416, 516) supporting the the ratio between them is between approximately 0.2 and approximately 30.

7. Braking device any one of claims 1 to 6, ca- characterized in that it comprises between approximately 2 and approximately 30 leaves (16, 216, 316, 416, 516).

8. Braking device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each leaf (16, 216, 316, 416, 516) presents a thickness (Ef) between 0.3 mm and approximately 5 mm and / or each sheet (16, 216, 316, 416, 516) presents essentially the same thickness (Ef).

9. Braking device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the external part (10) or the intermediate part (110, 210) has an inner face (11, 211) and comprises at least one blind hole (23, 25, 223, 225) opening onto said inner face (11, 211), at least one mechanical actuation element (24, 26, 224, 226) being a compression spring partially housed in said hole blind (23, 25, 223, 225) and projecting out from said face internal (11, 211) until it comes into contact with one of the leaves (16, 216, 316, 416, 516) which is located directly opposite said inner face {11, 211).

10. Braking device according to claim 9, characterized in that it includes a plurality of compression springs (24, 26, 224, 226) distributed along an external peripheral edge (74) and / or a pe- edge internal peripheral (72) of said internal face (11).

11. Braking device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the external part (10) or the intermediate part (110, 210) has an internal face (11) and includes a housing (21, 221) provided in said inner face (11, 211), the actuating member electromagnetic (22, 222) comprising an electrical coil housed in said dwelling (21, 221) and configured to generate a ma- flow circulating genes in said leaves (16, 216, 316, 416, 516) and in said outer part (10, 114, 214) and in the intermediate part (14, 110, 210, 414) when said electric coil is supplied with current electric.

12. Braking device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the outer part (10, 114, 214) is configured for to be mechanically attached to a support (6, 506), the disk of friction (15) being located axially between the intermediate part (14, 110, 210, 414) and said support (6, 506).

13. Braking device according to claim 12, characterized in that it includes at least one assembly element (17) having a first end mechanically attached to said external part (10, 114, 214) and a second end, opposite to the said first end, mechanically fastened to said support (6, 506) so as that the said friction disc (15), the said intermediate part (14, 110, 210, 414) and the said sheets (16, 216, 316, 416, 516) are located between said external part (10, 114, 214) and said support (6, 506).

14. Braking device according to claim 13, characterized in that it includes at least one connecting element (30, 230) having a portion main (32) one end of which is configured to come in support against said support (6) and a second end, opposite the the first end is configured to come against said external part (10, 114, 214), at least one connecting element (30, 230) comprising a through orifice (31) configured to be traversed by said assembly member (17).

15. | Braking device according to claim 14, characterized in that it comprises several connecting elements (30, 230) distributed along a outer peripheral edge (74) of said outer part (10, 114, 214).

16. Electromagnetic braking device according to any one of the re- claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises at least one connecting device (30, 230, 586) configured to maintain a distance predetermined between the external part (10, 214) and a support (6, 506) intended to enclose, with the intermediate part (14, 210, 414), the disc of friction (15), and in that each sheet (316, 416, 516) comprises a main portion (381, 481, 581), a supporting portion (382, 482, 582) and a connecting portion (383, 483, 583) attaching the portion support (382, 482, 582) to the main portion (381, 481, 581) of the sheet (316, 416, 516), the connecting element (30, 230, 586) being in support against the supporting portion (382, 482, 582) of one of the sheets (316, 416, 516), so that the support portions (382, 482, 582) of all the leaves are leaning against each other and are interposed and maintained in contact between the connecting element (30, 230, 586) and the external part (10, 214), and each connecting portion (383, 483, 583) being configured to deform when the main portion (381, 481, 581) of the associated sheet (316, 416, 516) deforms under the action of at least one mechanical actuation element (24, 26, 224, 226) and / or at least one electromagnetic actuation element (22, 222).

17. Electromagnetic braking device according to claim 16, ca- characterized in that each sheet (316, 416) contains portions support (382, 482) distinct and spaced apart from each other, each support portion (382, 482) being provided in external projection of the portion main (381, 481) or in the main portion (381, 481), and the other less a connecting member (30, 230) is formed by a spacer.

18. | Electromagnetic braking device according to claim 16, ca- characterized in that each leaf has a supporting element (582) extending around the main portion (581) of the leaf (516) associated and forming the support portion (582), the support (506) comprising a support flange (586) forming the connecting member (583).

19. Braking device according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the external part (10, 114) comprises at least a through hole (27) having a first open end on a face turned towards the said intermediate part (14, 110), the less a through hole (27) being enlarged on the side of its first end and at least one connecting member (30) comprising a thinned end portion (33) configured to be received in the less a through hole (27) on the side of its first end.

20. | Mobility system, for example of the elevator or trolley type elevator, comprising an electromagnetic braking device according to any one of claims 1 to 19 and a rotating shaft (7) which is attached to a friction disc (15) of the electro- braking device magnetic (5, 105, 205, 305, 405, 505), with the rotating shaft (7) which is locked in rotation when the intermediate part (14, 110, 210, 414) has has been moved in the first direction, known as the braking direction, and is in support against the friction disc (15), and with the rotating shaft (7) which is free to rotate when the intermediate part (14, 110, 210, 414) has been moved in the second direction opposite to the first direction and that it is far from the friction disc (15).