Composite wall cladding system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composite wall cladding system capable of being fixed to a support (10), the system comprising - a composite wall cladding comprising: - at least two first rails (320A, 320B) in the shape of an angle, each of the first two rails (320A, 320B) being separated by a distance at least equal to the cumulative height of each of the two horizontal rows, and - second rails (420) in the shape of angles. [Fig. 1]

Description

Title of invention: Composite wall cladding system Technical field of the invention

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of thermal insulation systems for building facades based on a composite wall covering.

[0002] The present invention relates more particularly to the in situ implementation of external thermal insulation and concerns both the rehabilitation of existing housing and new construction. Technical background

[0003] For several years, external thermal insulation of supports has been developing and the resulting need to make energy savings, particularly for domestic heating, is increasing.

[0004] By supports, as used herein, is meant all load-bearing structures of a building. For example, the support may be made of concrete, solid brick, solid sand-lime brick, hollow sand-lime brick, solid block of lightweight or normal concrete, hollow block of lightweight concrete, hollow brick, heat-insulating blocks, natural stone with a dense structure, cellular concrete, solid concrete block of lightweight concrete, solid plasterboard, or any other material used in masonry or timber frame construction. These supports may be an exterior facade of a building, a house or a building.

[0005] This technique is set to develop due to the regular rise in energy costs, the scarcity of fossil fuels, and the constant increase in the population's needs for summer and winter comfort. Such a technique also has the advantage of combining thermal insulation and resurfacing during support renovation operations.

[0006] In an increased context, different composite wall covering systems exist. In general, these composite wall coverings comprise facing plates similar to finishing plates, one of whose faces is visible, as well as one or more insulating plates arranged between the facing plates and the support. However, the systems of the prior art have in particular the following disadvantages:

[0007] - appearance of microcracks or cracks, premature aging of the plates of facing, - formation of dirt, for example of cryptogamic origin, on the facing plates, - low impact resistance causing numerous perforations to appear, particularly in the facing plates, - the need for periodic maintenance, - the elements and means of fixing used to fix these coverings to the support have low resistance to tearing and require the said one or more insulating plates and / or the facing plates to be perforated numerous times, and

[0008] - installation and fixing of the facing plates not optimal.

[0009] In this context, the applicant has therefore developed a composite wall covering system capable of being easily fixed to a support so as to improve the energy efficiency of existing homes and new constructions by external thermal insulation. This wall covering system also makes it possible to guarantee improved resistance to wind and in particular to the tearing of the elements and fixing means used to fix the system to the support. Furthermore, this system also makes it possible to ensure its durability over the long term by overcoming the defects, drawbacks and obstacles of the prior art. Statement of the invention

[0010] More particularly, the applicant has developed a composite wall covering system capable of being fixed to a support, the system comprising:

[0011] - first insulating plates each comprising a first inner face and a first outer face connected by lateral edges and separated by a thickness of a first insulator, said first insulating plates being capable of being fixed to the support by fixing means ensuring the mechanical connection between the first inner faces of the first insulating plates and the support, and

[0012] - at least two horizontal rows of facing plates each defined by a height and a width, each facing plate having a visible outer face made of stone and an inner face fixed to a second insulating plate, the second insulating plate having an upper edge and a lower edge connected to each other by two lateral edges and comprising a second inner face and a second outer face separated by a thickness of a second insulator, each of said facing plates comprising:

[0013] - an upper edge and a lower edge connected to each other by two side edges, and

[0014] - two grooves: a first groove made in said upper edge, called upper groove, and a second groove made in said lower edge, called the lower groove,

[0015] - at least two first rails in the form of an angle iron, each of the two first rails being separated by a distance at least equal to the cumulative height of each of the two horizontal rows, each of the first two rails comprising:

[0016] - a vertical wing extending substantially parallel to said support and configured to accommodate first fixing elements capable of ensuring a mechanical connection between each of the first two rails and the support, and

[0017] - a horizontal wing having a width at least equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the first insulator and second insulator: • the horizontal wing of a first of said two first rails comprising a longitudinal tongue configured to fit into an upper groove of several facing plates of a first same row to form a sliding connection, and • the horizontal wing of a second of said two first rails comprising a longitudinal tongue configured to fit into a lower groove of several facing plates of a second same row to form a sliding connection, - second rails in the form of angles comprising:

[0018] - a vertical wing extending substantially parallel to said outer face of the first insulating plate and configured to accommodate second fixing elements capable of ensuring a mechanical connection between said second rails, the second insulating plate and said support, and

[0019] - a horizontal wing having a width at least equal to the thickness of the second insulating, the horizontal wing comprising two opposite longitudinal tabs, the first tab being configured to be housed in a sliding connection in a lower groove of several facing plates of the same row and the second longitudinal tab being configured to be housed in an upper groove of several facing plates of another row to form a sliding connection.

[0020] Thus, the composite wall cladding system according to the above implementation makes it possible to obtain a ready-to-use cladding to improve the energy efficiency of existing homes and new constructions.

[0021] Also, according to the present invention, the arrangement with two insulating plates improves thermal performance. Indeed, in this configuration, thermal bridges are reduced thanks to the interposition of a first and a second insulator between the support and the facing plates. For example, these two insulators can be made of mineral materials such as rock wool,

[0022] Furthermore, the coating system according to the invention also has the advantage of not comprising an air space between the support and the first insulating plates so as to optimize the thermal insulation between the coating system according to the invention and the support.

[0023] Also, the installation of this system is made easy by the presence of sliding connections which also allow no perforation of the facing plates. is not necessary for the installation of the system, which avoids weakening them and also avoids creating unnecessary thermal bridges.

[0024] According to an exemplary embodiment, the facing plate may have a length less than or equal to 1000 mm and a height less than or equal to 800 mm.

[0025] According to an exemplary embodiment, the facing plate may have a thickness of between 20 mm and 50 mm.

[0026] According to an exemplary embodiment, the facing plate may have a density of between 2100 kg / m3 and 2700 kg / m3.

[0027] According to an exemplary embodiment, the facing plate may have a bending strength greater than or equal to 6.106 kg.m '.s2.

[0028] With such facing plates, it is possible to obtain a coating system characterized by sufficient resistance to cracking and impact and exhibiting very good mechanical stability, thanks in particular to optimal prefabrication. Furthermore, the facing plates can, preferably, also be treated to resist cryptogamic soiling.

[0029] Preferably, the facing plate can be mineral and natural.

[0030] According to an exemplary embodiment, each of the grooves can form two vertical walls inside the stone which are connected to each other at a lower end of said groove.

[0031] According to an exemplary embodiment, the sum of the thicknesses of the first insulator and the second insulator may be less than or equal to 200 mm.

[0032] Preferably, the insulating assembly comprising the first insulating element and the second insulating element may have a thermal resistance greater than or equal to 5 W.m'.K '. This makes it possible to further improve the thermal insulation of the coating.

[0033] Preferably, the thickness of the first insulator may be less than or equal to 100 mm and the thickness of the second insulator is less than or equal to 150 mm.

[0034] Preferably, the second insulator has a thickness of between 0 mm exclusive and 100 mm inclusive. It should be noted that the minimum thickness of the second insulator depends on the dimensions and characteristics of the fixing means and the second fixing elements used and may, for example, be approximately equal to 40 mm.

[0035] Preferably, the first insulator has a thickness of between 40 mm inclusive and 150 mm inclusive. In particular, when the thickness of the first insulator is greater than 150 mm, the first insulating plate then has a high weight, which can cause flexing and / or deterioration of the fixing means. Furthermore, if the thickness is less than 40 mm, the thermal resistance associated with this first insulator is then too low and the thermal comfort of the insulated dwellings is then not optimal, and the associated thermal resistance may in particular be less than 1 m2. K7 W.

[0036] According to an exemplary embodiment, each insulating plate may be a rock wool plate.

[0037] According to an exemplary embodiment, the system may further comprise a joint element between each facing plate. In this way, leaks or thermal bridges at the connections between each facing plate are limited. This limitation is also improved due to very precise dimensional manufacturing of the facing plates and insulating plates.

[0038] Preferably, the joint element may be made of elastomer. It may be characterized by a Young's modulus of between 3100 and 5100 MPa. It may have a thickness of between 4 and 7 mm.

[0039] According to an exemplary embodiment, the lateral edges of the stone facing plates may not include rebates or female or male fittings.

[0040] According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one perforation can be made through each of the vertical wings of the first and second rails, on the one hand, for the first and second fixing elements, and on the other hand, to be able to pass a tool used to fix these first and second fixing elements.

[0041] According to an exemplary embodiment, each facing plate can be fixed transversely to the second insulating plate by forming a longitudinal offset between the lateral edges of the facing plate and the lateral edges of the second insulating plate.

[0042] According to an exemplary embodiment, an offset of at most 5 cm may be present between the upper or lower edge of the facing plate and the upper or lower edge of the second insulating plate. This makes it possible to simplify the installation of the system while guaranteeing high thermal performance thanks to careful edge-to-edge adjustment of each of the facing plates so as to also limit leaks or thermal bridges at the connections between each facing plate.

[0043] According to an exemplary embodiment, the support may be made of concrete or masonry. In this case, the fixing means may comprise metal-plastic anchors having a diameter of between 8 mm and 16 mm. These metal-plastic anchors have the advantage of ensuring low thermal bridges between the different elements of the system, while allowing a saving in fixing elements. For example, when the total thickness of insulation, i.e. the sum of the thicknesses of the first insulation and the second insulation, is between 20 and 120 mm, the metal-plastic anchors may have a diameter greater than or equal to 8 mm. It should be noted that chemical anchors as fixing means are not compatible with the system according to the invention because the installation of such chemical anchors is only possible in humid conditions, unlike metal-plastic anchors which are installed in dry conditions.

[0044] According to an exemplary embodiment, the support is made of wood, according to which the fixing means comprise screws having a diameter greater than or equal to 6 mm.

[0045] According to an exemplary embodiment, the composite wall covering is a mineral wall covering. Brief description of the figures

[0046] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the reading of the detailed description which follows for the understanding of which reference will be made to the appended drawings in which:

[0047] [Fig-1] - [Fig.l] is a schematic representation of a perspective view of a example of the system according to an embodiment according to the invention;

[0048] [Fig.2A] - [Fig.2A] is a schematic representation of a front view of an example of a facing plate fixed to a second insulating plate included in a system according to an embodiment according to the invention;

[0049] [Fig.2B] - [Fig.2B] is a schematic representation of a top view of an example of a facing plate fixed to a second insulating plate included in a system according to an embodiment according to the invention;

[0050] [Fig.3] - [Fig.3] is a representation of a view of a second rail included in a system according to an embodiment according to the invention;

[0051] [Fig.4] - [Fig.4] is a schematic representation of a side view of an example of the system according to an embodiment according to the invention; and

[0052] [Fig.5] - [Fig.5] is an overview of an implementation of a system according to an embodiment according to the invention. Examples

[0053] For the description of the invention and the understanding of the claims, the vertical and transverse orientations according to the reference V, T indicated in the figures will be adopted, without limitation and without limiting reference to the Earth's gravity. By convention, the transverse axis T is oriented from left to right and the vertical axis is oriented from the bottom to the top of the coating system.

[0054] In the following description, identical, similar or analogous elements will be designated by the same reference numbers.

[0055] Figures 1, 2A, 2B, 3 and 4 represent a composite wall covering system according to an exemplary embodiment according to the invention. This system is intended to be fixed against facades of dwellings during renovation or during their initial construction to thermally insulate them from the outside. Each of the constituent elements the system is pre-designed and dimensioned in advance to adapt to the geometries and dimensions of the exterior facades of the dwellings. These exterior facades are in particular made up of a support 10 defined by specific dimensions and geometries and made up of one or more particular materials. By way of illustration, the support 10 may be made of concrete or wood and have substantially flat and rectangular exterior surfaces on which the composite wall covering system may be fixed.

[0056] The wall covering system illustrated in Figures 1, 2A, 2B, 3 and 4 comprises several elements:

[0057] - first insulating plates 220,

[0058] - at least two rows of facing plates 260 fixed to second plates insulating 240,

[0059] - first rails 320A and 320B,

[0060] - second rails 420,

[0061] - fixing means for fixing each of the first insulating plates 220 to the support 10,

[0062] - first fixing elements 520 for fixing the first rails 320A and 320B to the support 10, and

[0063] - second fixing elements 540 for fixing the second rails together 420, the second insulating plates 240 and the support 10.

[0064] In particular, the composite wall covering consists of the first insulating plates 220 and the facing plates 260 which are fixed to the second insulating plates 240.

[0065] Each of the first insulating plates 220 comprises a first inner face and a first outer face. According to this exemplary embodiment, the first insulating plates 220 are in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped without however being limited to such a shape.

[0066] Each of the first inner faces of the first insulating plates 220 is connected to a first outer face by lateral edges. Each inner face is separated from each outer face by a thickness of a first insulator. This thickness is preferably less than or equal to 100 mm. In addition, the first insulator may, for example, be made of glass wool which has properties adapted to the summer comfort of the inhabitants, for example properties linked to the inertia of the stone. Preferably, the first insulator is rock wool.

[0067] These first insulating plates 220 are designed to be fixed to the support 10 by fixing means (not illustrated in the figures) known to those skilled in the art and which ensure the mechanical connection between the first interior faces of the first insulating plates 220 and the support 10.

[0068] The fixing means are those known to those skilled in the art and suitable for fixing a plate, in particular an insulating plate, to a support made for example of concrete or masonry or a wooden frame. By way of illustration, these fixing means may comprise dowels, screws, nails, rivets, or even an adhesive suitable for each of the materials to be interglued.

[0069] Each of the facing plates 260 is defined by a specific height and width and is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped without however being limited to such a shape. Furthermore, each facing plate 260 has a visible outer face made of stone and an inner face oriented towards the facade to be covered. For example, the stone may be made of one or more natural stones, for example limestone of a light and homogeneous color. Examples of natural stones that may be mentioned are limestone stones such as Anstrude, Charmot, Valanges, Massangis, Comblanchien, Rocherons or Vilhonneur stones. Thus, the facing plates 260 preferably have a density of between 2100 kg / m3 and 2700 kg / m3 and preferably have a bending strength greater than or equal to 6.106 kg.m '.s2.

[0070] Each of the facing plates 260 comprises an upper edge 262 and a lower edge 264 connected to each other by two lateral edges 266.

[0071] Each of the facing plates 260 preferably has a length less than or equal to 1000 mm and a height less than or equal to 800 mm. Furthermore, the thickness of each of the facing plates 260 is preferably between 20 mm and 50 mm.

[0072] Also, each facing plate 260 comprises two grooves. A first groove 268 is made in the upper edge 262, called the upper groove, and a second groove is made in the lower edge 264, called the lower groove.

[0073] Each of the grooves is made longitudinally and approximately in the middle of the lateral edges. Each of these grooves forms two vertical walls inside the stone which are connected to each other at a lower end of the groove. Furthermore, these grooves are grooves which open out at the lateral edges of the facing plates 260. It should be noted that the vertical walls can be in the form of a rectilinear segment, undulating or in the form of an arc of a circle. Preferably, each groove has a rectangular section whose length is less than 10 mm and whose width is less than 5 mm.

[0074] The inner face of each of the facing plates 260 is fixed to a second insulating plate 240. These plates can be fixed by any fixing means known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, bonding means are used such as special glues of the industrial glue type. For example, the glue used may be of the single-component polyurethane type generally intended for the manufacture of so-called sandwich panels. For example, the facing plates 260 and the second insulating plates 240 are laminated.

[0075] In particular, the weight of each facing plate 260 associated with the second insulating plate 240 may be between 26 kg and 80 kg.

[0076] In particular, each second insulating plate 240 has an upper edge and a lower edge connected to each other by two lateral edges. Furthermore, each second insulating plate 240 comprises a second inner face and a second outer face separated by a thickness of a second insulator.

[0077] This thickness of second insulation is preferably less than or equal to 100 mm. In addition, the second insulation may, for example, be made of mineral wool, in particular glass wool. Preferably, the second insulation is rock wool.

[0078] Furthermore, each facing plate 260 is fixed transversely to the second insulating plate 240 by forming a longitudinal offset between the lateral edges of the facing plate 260 and the lateral edges of the second insulating plate 240. Preferably, an offset of at most 5 cm is present between the upper edge 262 or lower edge 264 of the facing plate 260 and the upper or lower edge of the second insulating plate 240. In this way, it is easier to fit each assembly consisting of a facing plate 260 and a second insulating plate 240 together without any rebates, or female or male fittings, being directly made at the lateral edges 266 of the facing plates 260.

[0079] The system further comprises at least two first rails 320A and 320B in the form of an angle iron (see Figures 3 and 4). In particular, each of the two first rails 320A and 320B is separated by a distance at least equal to the cumulative height of each of the two horizontal rows of facing plates 260. In this embodiment, a system with two rows of facing plates 260 is presented.

[0080] Each of the first two rails 320A and 320B comprises:

[0081] - a vertical wing extending substantially parallel to the support 10 and configured to accommodate first fixing elements 520 capable of ensuring a mechanical connection between each of the two first rails 320A and 320B and the support 10, and

[0082] - a horizontal wing having a width at least equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the first insulator and second insulator.

[0083] It should be noted that the vertical wing can be defined as a heel and that the vertical wing is substantially perpendicular to the horizontal wing.

[0084] In particular, the horizontal wing of the first first rail 320A comprises a longitudinal tongue configured to be housed in an upper groove of one or more facing plates 260 of a first same row to form a sliding connection with the latter.

[0085] Also, the horizontal wing of the second first rail 320B comprises a longitudinal tongue configured to be housed in a lower groove of one or more facing plates 260 of a second same row to form a sliding connection with the latter.

[0086] The first first rail 320A can be designated as the head rail and the second first rail 320B as the starting rail.

[0087] By way of illustration, the tabs may have a height of between 5 mm and 50 mm, and preferably between 10 mm and 20 mm, and extend over the entire length of the rails.

[0088] Preferably, the first first rail 320A also comprises another fixing means 321A configured to be fixed to a lateral edge of at least one of the insulating plates 220 and 240 in order to ensure the immobility in translation of the facing plates 260 of this row.

[0089] Furthermore, several perforations are made through each of the vertical wings of the first rails 320A and 320B, on the one hand, to allow the first fixing elements 520 to be at least partially introduced into the support 10, and on the other hand, to be able to pass a tool used to fix these first fixing elements 520.

[0090] The system further comprises second rails 420 also in the form of angles.

[0091] Each of these second rails 420, or base rails, comprises: - a vertical wing extending substantially parallel to said outer face of the first insulating plate 220 and configured to accommodate second fixing elements 540 capable of ensuring a mechanical connection between said second rails 420, the second insulating plate 240 and said support 10, and - a horizontal wing having a width at least equal to the thickness of the second insulator 240, the horizontal wing comprising two opposite longitudinal tabs, the first tab being configured to be housed in a sliding connection in a lower groove of several facing plates 260 of the same row and the second longitudinal tab being configured to be housed in an upper groove of several facing plates 260 of another row to form a sliding connection.

[0092] Furthermore, several perforations are made through each of the vertical wings of the second rails 420, on the one hand, to allow the second fixing elements 540 to be introduced through the first insulating plate 220 and then to be partly introduced into the support 10, and on the other hand, to be able to pass a tool used to fix these second fixing elements 540.

[0093] For example, the first 320A and 320B and second rails 420 may be made of stainless steel or aluminum such as those supplied by the company ETANCO®. By way of illustration, the vertical flange of the first two rails 320A and 320B may have a height of between 50 mm and 100 mm, and preferably between 50 mm and 80 mm. In addition, the vertical flange of the first two rails 320A and 320B may have a thickness of between 1.5 mm and 5 mm, and preferably between 2 mm and 4 mm. In addition, the vertical flange of the first two rails 320A and 320B may have a length of between 1000 mm and 2000 mm and preferably between 1000 mm and 1500 mm. Furthermore, the horizontal wing of the first two rails 320A and 320B may have a width of between 100 mm and 250 mm, and preferably between 100 mm and 200 mm.Furthermore, the horizontal wing of the first two rails 320A and 320B may have a length of between 1000 mm and 2000 mm and preferably between 1000 mm and 1500 mm. Furthermore, the horizontal wing of the first two rails 320A and 320B may have a thickness of between 1.5 mm and 5 mm, and preferably between 2 mm and 4 mm. Also by way of illustration, the vertical wing of the second two rails 420 may have a height of between 50 mm and 100 mm, and preferably between 60 mm and 70 mm. Furthermore, the vertical wing of the second two rails 420 may have a thickness of between 1.5 mm and 5 mm, and preferably between 2 mm and 4 mm. Furthermore, the vertical wing of the two second rails 420 may have a length of between 1000 mm and 2000 mm and preferably between 1000 mm and 2000 mm. Preferably, the horizontal wings are perpendicular to the vertical wings.

[0094] It should also be noted that the vertical wings can also be designated by heel.

[0095] [Fig.5] represents the installation of a system comprising more than two horizontal rows of facing plates 260, in particular three rows. When the system comprises a number of rows n greater than 2, then it also comprises (n-1) second rails 420, with n being a natural integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0096] Furthermore, the system may further comprise a joint element between each facing plate 260 (not shown in the figures). For example, the joint element may be a closed mortar joint, for example made of elastomer defined by a modulus of elasticity of between 3100 and 5100 MPa. In particular, this joint element may be a parexlanko® type joint. The joint elements may be closed joints having thicknesses of between 4 and 7 mm or open joints also having thicknesses of between 4 and 7 mm.

[0097] It should be noted that the first and second fixing elements 520 and 540 may comprise expansion anchoring anchors, in particular metal-plastic anchors to minimize thermal bridges, or may also include carbon steel type screws, threaded rods and all other fasteners configured and known for this type of application.

[0098] According to an alternative embodiment in which the support 10 is made of concrete or masonry, these first and second fixing elements 520 and 540 preferably comprise dowels which, by way of illustration, may be those described below. In particular, these dowels may be defined by a characteristic bending strength (or bending moment) greater than or equal to 12 Nm, have a diameter of between 6.6 mm and 16 mm and be characterized by a strength in C20 / 25 concrete greater than or equal to 250 daN.

[0099] The dowels used as first fixing elements 520 may have a diameter of between 8 mm and 18 mm and a length of between 40 mm and 100 mm. Advantageously, the number of dowels used as first fixing elements 520 fixed to the same rail may be between 1.5 and 8.4 per meter when these dowels have a diameter of between 10 mm and 16 mm and a length of between 50 mm and 90 mm as well as a characteristic bending strength (or bending moment) greater than or equal to 48 Nm.

[0100] Preferably, the anchoring depth in the support of these dowels used as first fixing elements 520 is greater than or equal to 50 mm.

[0101] The dowels used as first fasteners 520 are preferably flush with the surface of the vertical flanges of the first rails 320A and 320B. These dowels are used in combination with a screw or threaded rod configured to fit the dowel and engage it.

[0102] Also, the dowels used as second fixing elements 540 may have a diameter of between 10 mm and 18 mm and a length of between 60 mm and 200 mm. Advantageously, the number of dowels used as second fixing elements 540 fixed to the same rail may be between 1.5 and 8.4 per meter when these dowels have a diameter of between 10 mm and 18 mm and a length of between 80 and 180 as well as a characteristic bending strength (or bending moment) greater than or equal to 48 Nm.

[0103] Preferably, the anchoring depth in the support of these dowels used as second fixing elements 540 is greater than or equal to 70 mm.

[0104] In particular, if the sum of the thicknesses of the first insulator and the second insulator is between 100 mm and 200 mm, and the thickness of the facing plate 260 is between 20 mm and 50 mm, and the weight of the plate is between 26 kg and 80 kg, then the diameter of the dowels of each of the first and second fixing elements 520 and 540 are preferably between 10 mm and 12 mm and the number of dowels used is less than 6 per meter. It should also be noted that when the diameter of the dowels used as first and second elements fixing 520 and 540 is approximately equal to 16 mm and the weight of the plate is approximately equal to 80 kg in particular, then the number of dowels used is advantageously less than 4 per meter.

[0105] The dowels used as second fixing elements 540 preferably come flush with the surface of the vertical wings of the second rails 420. These dowels can be used in combination with a screw or a threaded rod.

[0106] According to another embodiment variant in which the support 10 is made of wood, the first fixing elements 520 comprise screws having a diameter greater than or equal to 6 mm. For example, these screws may be made of carbon steel.

[0107] According to a system according to the invention, there is no need to use vertical rails, but only horizontal rails.

[0108] Furthermore, the fact of using two insulating plates, the first insulating plates 220 and the second insulating plates 240, makes it possible to improve the thermal insulation performance. In particular, the thermal bridges are reduced thanks to the interposition of a first insulator between the support 10 and the second rails 420.

[0109] Also, having a double layer of insulation and facing plates 260, for example made of natural stone, having a density of up to 2700 kg / m3, creates a significant lever arm on the metal-plastic anchors which then work in cantilever, which creates a new mechanical and structural lock. In particular, the deflection due to the bending deformation of these metal-plastic anchors, once they are in place, is less than 1 mm.

[0110] This system has the advantage of using facing plates 260 having large dimensions and a high surface density unlike conventional cladding systems which are generally very light.

[0111] This system is also not a cladding: there is no air space between the support 10 and the composite covering.

[0112] As indicated in detail below, the installation of such a system is simple and is carried out by straddling the grooves of the facing plates 260 on the first 320A, 320B and second rails 420 adjacent to the upper 262 and lower 264 edges of each of the facing plates 260.

[0113] The invention also proposes a method for installing the system comprising several horizontal rows of facing plates 260 and comprising the following steps:

[0114] - creation of a layout to delimit the locations of each of the elements constituting the system,

[0115] - fixing, via the fixing means, the first insulating plates 220 against the support 10 depending on the layout,

[0116] - fixing, via the first fixing elements 520, of the second first rail 320B, said starting rail, against support 10,

[0117] - installation, by forking in contact with the starting rail, of plates of facing 260 so as to introduce its lower groove into the tongue of the starting rail in order to produce a first row of facing plates 260 (fixed to second insulating plates 240), this first row being the one located at the lowest,

[0118] - fixing, via the second fixing elements 540, of a second rail 420, called base rail, according to a center distance previously defined by the layout step, so that the lower tongue of the base rail is inserted into the upper groove of the facing plates 260 of the first row,

[0119] - installation, by forking in contact with the seat rail, of a second row of facing plates 260 (fixed to second insulating plates 240) so that the upper tongue of the base rail is inserted into the lower groove of the facing plates 260 of this second row, this second row being the one located above the first row,

[0120] - fixing, via the second fixing elements 540, of a second seat rail according to a center distance previously defined by the layout stage,

[0121] - installation, by straddling in contact with this second base rail, of facing plates 260 so as to produce a third row of facing plates 260 (fixed to second insulating plates 240), this third row being the one located above the second row (same implementation as the second row),

[0122] - fixing, via the first fixing elements 520, of a head rail according to a center distance previously defined by the layout step to ensure that the facing plates 260 of the third row do not spill, in particular so as to introduce the tongue of the head rail into the upper groove of the facing plates of the third row, and

[0123] - optionally, application of continuous or discontinuous joint elements between each facing plates.

[0124] Preferably, this installation process is carried out from bottom to top and on each successive row, either from right to left, or preferably from left to right (at least for right-handed people).

Claims

1. Claims A composite wall covering system capable of being fixed to a support (10), the system comprising: - a composite wall covering comprising: - first insulating plates (220) each comprising a first inner face and a first outer face connected by lateral edges and separated by a thickness of a first insulator, said first insulating plates (220) being capable of being fixed to the support (10) by fixing means ensuring the mechanical connection between the first inner faces of the first insulating plates (220) and the support (10), and - at least two horizontal rows of facing plates (260) each defined by a height and a width, each facing plate (260) having a visible outer face made of stone and an inner face fixed to a second insulating plate (240), the second insulating plate (240) having an upper edge and a lower edge connected to each other by two lateral edges and comprising a second inner face and a second outer face separated by a thickness of a second insulator, each of said facing plates (260) comprising: - an upper edge (262) and a lower edge (264) connected to each other by two lateral edges (266), and - two grooves: a first groove (268) made in said upper edge (262), called upper groove, and a second groove made in said lower edge (264), called lower groove, - at least two first rails (320A, 320B) in the form of an angle iron, each of the two first rails (320A, 320B) being separated by a distance at least equal to the cumulative height of each of the two horizontal rows, each of the two first rails (320A, 320B) comprising: - a vertical wing extending substantially parallel to said support (10) and configured to accommodate first fixing elements (520) capable of ensuring a mechanical connection between each of the two first rails (320A, 320B) and the support (10), and - a horizontal wing having a width at least equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the first insulator and the second insulator: • the horizontal wing of a first of said two first rails (320A, 320B) comprising a longitudinal tongue configured to be housed in an upper groove of several facing plates (260) of a first same row to form a sliding connection, and • the horizontal wing of a second of said two first rails (320A, 320B) comprising a longitudinal tongue configured to be housed in a lower groove of several facing plates (260) of a second same row to form a sliding connection, - second rails (420) in the form of angles comprising: - a vertical wing extending substantially parallel to said outer face of the first insulating plate (220) and configured to accommodate second fixing elements (540) capable of ensuring a mechanical connection between said second rails (420), the second insulating plate (220) and said support (10),and - a horizontal wing having a width at least equal to the thickness of the second insulator (240), the horizontal wing comprising two opposite longitudinal tabs, the first tab being configured to be housed in sliding connection in a lower groove of several facing plates (260) of the same row and the second longitudinal tab being configured to be housed in an upper groove of several facing plates (260) of another row to form a sliding connection.,

2. A cladding system according to claim 1, wherein the facing plate (260) has a length less than or equal to 1000 mm and a height less than or equal to 800 mm.

3. A cladding system according to either of claims 1 or 2, wherein the facing plate (260) has a thickness of between 20 mm and 50 mm.

4. A cladding system according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the facing plate (260) has a density of between 2100 kg / m3 and 2700 kg / m3.

5. A cladding system according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the facing plate (260) has a flexural strength greater than or equal to 6.106 kg.m '.s2.

6. A cladding system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of the grooves forms two vertical walls within the stone which are connected to each other at a lower end of said groove.

7. Coating system according to one of claims 1 to 6, according to which the sum of the thicknesses of the first insulator and the second insulator is less than or equal to 200 mm.

8. The coating system of claim 7, wherein the thickness of the first insulator (220) is less than or equal to 100 mm and the thickness of the second insulator (240) is less than or equal to 150 mm.

9. A cladding system according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein each insulating plate (220, 240) is a rock wool plate.

10. A cladding system according to one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a joint element between each cladding plate (260).

11. A cladding system according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the lateral edges (266) of the stone facing plates (260) do not comprise any grooves or female or male interlockings.

12. A coating system according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one perforation is made through each of the vertical wings of the first (320A, 320B) and second rails (420), on the one hand, for the first and second fixing elements (520, 540), and on the other hand, to be able to pass a tool used to fix these first and second fixing elements (520, 540).

13. A cladding system according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein each facing plate (260) is fixed transversely to the second insulating plate (240) by forming a longitudinal offset between the lateral edges (266) of the facing plate (260) and the lateral edges of the second insulating plate (240).

14. A cladding system according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein there is an offset of at most 5 cm between the upper (262) or lower (264) edge of the facing plate (260) and the upper or lower edge of the second insulating plate (240).

15. Coating system according to one of claims 1 to 14, when the support (10) is made of concrete or masonry, according to which the fixing means comprise metal-plastic dowels having a diameter of between 8 and 16 mm.

16. Coating system according to one of claims 1 to 14, when the support (10) is made of wood, according to which the fixing means comprise screws having a diameter greater than or equal to 6 mm.

17. A cladding system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the composite wall cladding is a mineral wall cladding.

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