ALKYD EMULSION WITH IMPROVED WATER RESISTANCE AND HARDNESS DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The present invention relates to an alkyd emulsion comprising an alkyd resin based on a conjugated fatty acid and a reactive surfactant. The invention also covers a process for preparing the alkyd emulsion and its use in decorative coatings. The coating obtained with this alkyd emulsion exhibits improved performance in terms of water resistance and hardness development.

Description

Title of the invention: Alkyd emulsion having improved water resistance and hardness development technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to an alkyd emulsion comprising an alkyd resin based on a conjugated fatty acid and a reactive surfactant. The invention also covers a process for preparing the alkyd emulsion and its use in decorative coatings. The coating obtained with this alkyd emulsion exhibits improved performance in terms of water resistance and hardness development. Previous technique

[0002] Polyester resins are obtained by reacting polyacids and polyols. Polyester resins can be modified by adding a fatty component, in particular an oil or a fatty acid, to form a specific type of polyester resin: alkyd resins. Alkyd resins have been used for over 50 years to form coatings, including decorative and industrial paints.

[0003] The presence of an oily component in alkyd resins gives flexibility and gloss to the resulting coating. When the oily component contains unsaturates, the alkyds can dry by auto-oxidation (siccation).

[0004] Alkyd resins in an organic solvent medium, also known as solvent-based alkyd resins, have long been known to those skilled in the art and are generally used in coatings and formulations for decorative and industrial paints. To address issues of ease of use, odor, and toxicity related to the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), alkyd emulsions have been developed and marketed for approximately twenty years, offering interesting performance levels in terms of gloss, drying time, appearance / color, stability, and odor.

[0005] Alkyd emulsions, also called post-emulsified alkyd resins, can be obtained by emulsifying an alkyd resin with the addition of a surfactant and water. For example, patent application WO 2018 / 029407 Al describes an alkyd emulsion based on a conjugated acid. Application WO 2018 / 092158 describes an alkyd emulsion with a reactive surfactant. However, the performance of these alkyd emulsions, particularly in terms of water resistance and hardness development, remains inferior to that of solvent-based alkyd resins.

[0006] There is a need for an alkyd emulsion having excellent water resistance and good hardness development while maintaining good application properties, particularly in terms of gloss, adhesion to substrate, flexibility, abrasion resistance, resistance to self-adhesion (blocking), mechanical strength, drying, appearance / color, stability and odor.

[0007] Surprisingly, the Applicant discovered that the combined use of an alkyd resin based on a conjugated acid and a reactive surfactant simultaneously improved the water resistance and hardness development of the coating obtained from the alkyd emulsion. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the Applicant suggests that the formation of a Diels-Alder reaction cycle between the conjugated acid and the reactive surfactant could be responsible for the observed synergy. Summary of the invention

[0008] The object of the present invention relates to an alkyd emulsion comprising:

[0009] a) an alkyd resin having an oil length of 20 to 50%, the alkyd resin being based on an acid component A and an alcohol component B, the acid component A comprising a conjugated fatty acid component Al, the Al component representing at least 5%, preferably from 5 to 40%, more preferably from 10 to 35% of the total weight of components A and B;

[0010] b) a surfactant comprising a reactive surfactant, preferably an ethylenically unsaturated surfactant;

[0011] c) water.

[0012] The invention also relates to a method for preparing an emulsion according to the invention, the method comprising the following steps: i. preparation of a component a) comprising an alkyd resin in the molten state; ii. addition of a component b) comprising a reactive surfactant and water, iii. neutralization of the acidity of components a) and b) by adding a base, iv. emulsification by phase inversion v. possibly adjustment of the dry extract of the alkyd emulsion.

[0013] The invention also relates to a composition comprising an alkyd emulsion according to the invention.

[0014] The invention also relates to the use of the alkyd emulsion according to the invention, as a binder to obtain a coating, an adhesive or a sealant, in particular to obtain a coating, more particularly to obtain a film, a paint, a varnish, a lacquer, a stain, an adhesion primer or an ink.

[0015] The invention also relates to a coating, an adhesive or a sealant obtained by applying and drying the composition according to the invention. Detailed description Definitions

[0016] In this application, the terms "includes one" and "includes one" mean respectively "includes one or more" and "includes one or more".

[0017] Unless otherwise stated, percentages by weight in a compound or composition are expressed in relation to the weight of the compound or composition.

[0018] For the purposes of the present invention, an ethylenically unsaturated group is a group containing a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond.

[0019] For the purposes of the present invention, a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond is a carbon-carbon double bond that can react with another carbon-carbon double bond in a polymerization reaction. A polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond is generally comprised of a group selected from acrylate (including cyanoacrylate), methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, styrene, maleate, fumarate, itaconate, allyl, propenyl, vinyl, and corresponding combinations thereof, preferably selected from acrylate, methacrylate, allyl, and vinyl. The carbon-carbon double bonds of an aromatic ring are not considered polymerizable carbon-carbon double bonds.

[0020] For the purposes of the present invention, an alkyl group is a monovalent saturated acyclic group with the formula -CnH2n+l. An alkyl may be linear or branched. A C1-C6 alkyl means an alkyl comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0021] For the purposes of the present invention, an alkenyl group is a monovalent acyclic group having one or more C=C double bonds. An alkenyl can be linear or branched.

[0022] For the purposes of the present invention, an alkoxy group is a group of formula -O-alkyl.

[0023] For the purposes of the present invention, an aryl group is a group containing at least one aromatic ring. An aryl may contain a single aromatic ring or several rings, at least one of which is aromatic. An aromatic ring corresponds to a ring obeying Hückel's rule. Examples of aryl groups are phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, and anthracenyl. The aryl groups of the invention preferably comprise from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Even more preferably, the aryl group of the invention is a phenyl group.

[0024] For the purposes of the present invention, an alkylaryl group is a group of formula -A-aryl, in which A is an alkylene. Preferably, an alkylaryl is a group of formula -CR2R3-Ph and R2 and R3 are independently H or Me, more preferably a group of formula -CH(CH3)-Ph.

[0025] For the purposes of the present invention, an alkylene group is a divalent aliphatic radical derived from an alkane of formula CmH2m+2 with m = 2 to 50, by removing one atom hydrogen atoms are present at each attachment point of the radical. An alkylene can be linear or branched. A C2-C4 alkylene means an alkylene containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0026] For the purposes of the present invention, an oxyalkylene group is a group of formula -OA- in which A is an alkylene.

[0027] For the purposes of the present invention, a polyoxyalkylene group is a group of formula -O-[AO]n- in which each A is independently a C2-C4 alkylene, preferably ethylene or propylene; and n ranges from 1 to 100, from 2 to 60, from 3 to 50, from 4 to 40 or from 5 to 30.

[0028] For the purposes of the present invention, an aliphatic group or compound is a non-aromatic acyclic group or compound. It may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted. It may comprise one or more bonds / functional groups, for example selected from ether, ester, amide, urethane, urea and mixtures thereof.

[0029] For the purposes of the present invention, a cycloaliphatic group or compound is a non-aromatic group or compound comprising a ring. It may be substituted or unsubstituted. It may comprise one or more bonds / functions as defined for the term "aliphatic".

[0030] For the purposes of the present invention, an aromatic group or compound is a group or compound comprising an aromatic ring, i.e., complying with Hückel's rule of aromaticity, in particular a group or compound comprising a phenyl group. It may be substituted or unsubstituted. It may comprise one or more bonds / functional groups as defined for the term "aliphatic".

[0031] For the purposes of the present invention, a saturated group or compound means a group or compound which does not include a carbon-carbon double or triple bond.

[0032] For the purposes of the present invention, an unsaturated group or compound means a group or compound which comprises a carbon-carbon double or triple bond, in particular a carbon-carbon double bond.

[0033] For the purposes of the present invention, a substituted group or compound is a group or compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a group or function independently selected from alkyl, hydroxyl (-OH), alkoxy, halogen (Br, Cl, I), cyano (-CN), isocyanate (-NCO), oxo (=O), amine (-NR2), carboxylic acid (-COOH), ester (-COOR'), anhydride (-CO-O-COR'), a sulfonylated group (-S(=O)2OR), a phosphonylated group (-P(=O)(OR”)2), a sulfated group (-OS(=O)2OR”) and a phosphated group (-OP(=O)(OR”)2), each R being independently H or alkyl, each R' being independently alkyl and each R” being independently a hydrogen atom, a metal salt or a hydrocarbyl chain. Alkyd emulsion

[0034] The invention relates first of all to an alkyd emulsion comprising an alkyd resin, a surfactant and water.

[0035] For the purposes of the present invention, an emulsion corresponds to a liquid organic phase (discontinuous phase) dispersed as droplets in an aqueous phase (continuous phase), the droplets being stabilized by a surfactant. According to a particular embodiment, the alkyd emulsion is not in the form of a dispersion of a solid or semi-solid organic phase in an aqueous phase; in other words, it is not in the form of a colloidal suspension or a latex.

[0036] The aqueous phase is a liquid comprising water. This liquid may further comprise a solvent other than water, such as, for example, butyl glycol.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the alkyd emulsion comprises less than 10%, in particular less than 5%, more particularly less than 1%, and even more particularly less than 0.1%, by weight of solvent other than water relative to the weight of the emulsion. Thus, the alkyd emulsion has a low volatile organic compound (VOC) content, i.e., less than 10%, in particular less than 5%, more particularly less than 1%, and even more particularly less than 0.1%, by weight of VOCs relative to the weight of the emulsion.

[0038] The liquid organic phase comprises an alkyd resin as described below. According to a particular embodiment, the alkyd resin is not self-emulsifying, that is, it does not contain a sufficient quantity of ionizable functional groups to spontaneously form an emulsion after the addition of water under stirring. In other words, the presence of a surfactant is necessary to stabilize the alkyd emulsion according to the invention.

[0039] The surfactant may in particular be as described below.

[0040] According to one embodiment, the alkyd emulsion has a solids content (also called dry extract) of 35 to 65%, in particular 40 to 60%, more particularly 45 to 55% by weight. The dry extract can be measured by the ISO 3251:2008 method.

[0041] The alkyd emulsion may in particular have a pH of 7 to 9, in particular of 7.5 to 8.5.

[0042] The viscosity of the alkyd emulsion can in particular range from 1 to 1000 mPa s, in particular 2 to 500 mPa s, more particularly 5 to 100 mPa.s. The viscosity can be measured at 23°C according to the measurement method described below.

[0043] The alkyd emulsion may, in particular, have an average particle size of 50 to 1000 nm, especially 75 to 500 nm, and more particularly 100 to 300 nm. The average particle size may correspond to the average volume size measured by laser particle size analysis. Alkyd resin

[0044] The alkyd emulsion according to the invention comprises an alkyd resin, also referred to as component a).

[0045] The alkyd resin is based on an acid component A and an alcohol component B. In other words, the alkyd resin is obtained by polycondensation of an acid component A and an alcohol component B.

[0046] Acid component A comprises at least one acid. Acid component A may comprise a mixture of acids. Preferably, acid component A consists of all the acids used to prepare the alkyd resin.

[0047] Alcohol component B comprises at least one alcohol. Alcohol component B may comprise a mixture of alcohols. Preferably, alcohol component B contains all the alcohols used to prepare the alkyd resin.

[0048] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "acid" means a compound comprising at least one carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional group or a functional group capable of generating a carboxylic acid functional group in situ (in particular by hydrolysis). The term "acid" therefore includes acid derivatives such as anhydrides and esters. When the acid contains only one carboxylic acid functional group (or only one functional group capable of generating a carboxylic acid functional group in situ), it is a monoprotic acid. When the acid contains more than one carboxylic acid functional group (or more than one functional group capable of generating a carboxylic acid functional group in situ), it is a polyprotic acid.

[0049] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "alcohol" means a compound comprising at least one hydroxyl group (-OH). When the alcohol contains only one hydroxyl group, it is a monoalcohol. When the alcohol contains more than one hydroxyl group, it is a polyol.

[0050] Component A may in particular represent from 50 to 95%, in particular from 60 to 90%, more particularly from 70 to 80% of the total weight of components A and B. In other words, the alkyd resin comprises from 50 to 95%, in particular from 60 to 90%, more particularly from 70 to 80%, by weight of units derived from an acid relative to the total weight of the alkyd resin.

[0051] Component B may in particular represent from 5 to 50%, in particular from 10 to 40%, more particularly from 20 to 30% of the total weight of components A and B. In other words, the alkyd resin comprises from 5 to 50%, in particular from 10 to 40%, more particularly from 20 to 30%, by weight of alcohol-derived units relative to the total weight of the alkyd resin.

[0052] In particular, the total weight of components A and B represents the total weight of the alkyd resin.

[0053] The alkyd resin has an oil length of 20 to 50%.

[0054] The oil length of an alkyd resin can notably correspond to the % in The weight of the fatty component used to obtain the alkyd resin (or the percentage by weight of units derived from a fatty component) relative to the total weight of the alkyd resin. The fatty component includes, in particular, all the fatty acids used to prepare the alkyd resin.

[0055] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "fatty acid" means an acid having a fatty chain, that is, a hydrocarbyl (non-cyclic) chain comprising from 10 to 60, in particular 12 to 55, more particularly 14 to 50, consecutive carbon atoms. A fatty acid may be saturated or unsaturated. A saturated fatty acid is a fatty acid that does not contain any C=C double bonds. An unsaturated fatty acid contains at least one C=C double bond. A monounsaturated fatty acid contains a single C=C double bond. A polyunsaturated fatty acid contains more than one C=C double bond. The hydrocarbyl chain of the fatty acid may be substituted, in particular by one or more hydroxyl or carbonyl groups.The term "fatty acid" includes fatty acid derivatives, that is, compounds capable of generating a fatty acid in situ, notably by hydrolysis, as well as compounds obtained by reactions between several fatty acids (including dimerization, trimerization, standolization, and estolidation). Fatty acid derivatives include, in particular, fatty acid esters (especially alkyl esters of fatty acids and triglycerides or oils), standolies, estolides, and fatty acid dimers and trimers.

[0056] The acid component A comprises a conjugated fatty acid component AL

[0057] The Al component comprises at least one conjugated fatty acid. The Al component may comprise a mixture of conjugated fatty acids. In particular, the Al component consists of all the conjugated fatty acids used to prepare the alkyd resin.

[0058] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "conjugated fatty acid" means a polyunsaturated fatty acid comprising two C=C double bonds separated by a single C-C bond. A conjugated fatty acid may, in particular, result from the isomerization of a polyunsaturated fatty acid (especially of natural origin, more particularly of plant or animal origin) such as linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, icosapentaenoic acid, or do-cosahexaenoic acid. A conjugated fatty acid may also result from the dehydration of a hydroxylated unsaturated fatty acid (especially of natural origin, more particularly of plant origin) such as ricinoleic acid.

[0059] Examples of conjugated fatty acids are 9,11-octadecadienoic acid, 10,12-octadecadienoic acid, 8,10,12-octadecatrienoic acid, 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid, 9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 9,13,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 6,9,11-octadecatrienoic acid, 10,12,14-octadecatrienoic acid, 9,11,13,15-octadecatetraenoic acid 10,12-nonadecadienoic acid, 5,7,9,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid, 5,8,10,12,14-icosapentaenoic acid. Preferably, the conjugated fatty acid is 9,11-octadecadienoic acid.

[0060] The Al component represents at least 5%, preferably from 5 to 40%, more preferably from 10 to 35% of the total weight of components A and B. In other words, the alkyd resin comprises at least 5%, preferably from 5 to 40%, more preferably from 10 to 35%, by weight of units derived from a conjugated fatty acid relative to the total weight of the alkyd resin.

[0061] The conjugated fatty acid may, in particular, be introduced in the form of a mixture of fatty acids comprising one or more conjugated fatty acids and one or more fatty acids selected from a saturated fatty acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, a non-conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid, and derivatives thereof. Such mixtures may, in particular, be derived from an oil or fat of natural origin, in particular a vegetable or animal oil, such as castor oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, tall oil (tallol), tung oil, chia seed oil, perilla oil, poppy seed oil, cottonseed oil, lesquerella oil, safflower oil, oiticica oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, calendula oil, hemp oil, or fish oil. The oil can notably be a vegetable oil modified by a dehydration and / or isomerization reaction to generate conjugated double bonds.

[0062] In particular, the conjugated fatty acid can be derived from a modified vegetable oil, preferably chosen from dehydrated castor oil, isomerized sunflower oil, isomerized linseed oil, isomerized soybean oil, more preferably dehydrated castor oil.

[0063] Examples of mixtures comprising a conjugated fatty acid are Nouracid® DE 656, DE 655, DE 554, DE 503, DE 402 or DZ 453 (Dehydrated castor fatty acid - available from Oléon); Nouracid® HE 456, HE 306, HE 305, HE 304, HE 303 or HE 301 (Isomerized sunflower fatty acid - available from Oléon); Nouracid® LE 805 (Isomerized linseed fatty acid - available from Oléon); Nouracid® SE 305 (Isomerized soybean fatty acid - available from Oléon); Dedico® 5981 (Dehydrated castor fatty acid - available from Croda), Isomergic acid SK, SY or SF (Isomerized vegetable fatty acid - available from Hobum Oleochemicals GmbH), Pamolyn® 300, (Isomerized tallol fatty acid - available from Eastman).

[0064] The acid component A may include a polyacid component A2. Component A2 includes at least one polyacid. Component A2 may include a mixture of polyacids. In particular, component A2 consists of all the polyacids used to prepare the alkyd resin.

[0065] The polyacid may be unsaturated or saturated, particularly saturated. The polyacid may be selected from a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a monocarboxylic acid dimer, a monocarboxylic acid trimer, a derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof. The polyacid may comprise 3 to 54, particularly 4 to 20, and more particularly 5 to 15, carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the polyacid is saturated or unsaturated. In another embodiment, the polyacid is aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic, preferably aromatic.

[0066] The polyacid may in particular have a functionality (number of carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative functions) ranging from 2 to 4, in particular from 2 to 3, more particularly equal to 2.

[0067] Examples of saturated aliphatic polyacids are malonic acid, succinic acid, 2-methylsuccinic acid, 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid, glutaric acid, 3,3-diethylglutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, citric acid, propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, a C32-C36 saturated fatty acid dimer, a C54 saturated fatty acid trimer, and mixtures thereof.

[0068] Examples of unsaturated aliphatic polyacids are itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, glutaconic acid, muconic acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0069] An example of a saturated cycloaliphatic polyacid is cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid.

[0070] An example of an unsaturated cycloaliphatic polyacid is tetrahydrophthalic acid.

[0071] Examples of aromatic polyacids are phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid, 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid and mixtures thereof.

[0072] The polyacid may be a polyacid derivative. Such a derivative may be transformed into a polyacid by hydrolysis. Polyacid derivatives include partially or fully esterified forms of the polyacids defined above, in particular C1-C6 alkyl mono-, di-, and triesters of the polyacids defined above, as well as cyclic anhydrides. Polyacid derivatives may, in particular, comprise 5 to 60, especially 6 to 25, and more particularly 7 to 20, carbon atoms.

[0073] Examples of suitable ester-type polyacid derivatives are dimethyl-malonate, diethylmalonate, dimethyladipate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate.

[0074] The polyacid derivative may, in particular, be a cyclic anhydride. The cyclic anhydride may be saturated or unsaturated, particularly unsaturated. The cyclic anhydride may be cycloaliphatic or aromatic, particularly aromatic.

[0075] Examples of saturated cyclic anhydrides are succinic anhydride and hexahydrophthalic anhydride. Examples of unsaturated cycloaliphatic anhydrides are maleic anhydride, fumaric anhydride, and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride. An example of an aromatic anhydride is phthalic anhydride.

[0076] According to a preferred embodiment, the polyacid component A2 comprises a cyclic anhydride, more particularly an unsaturated cyclic anhydride, more particularly an aromatic anhydride, in particular phthalic anhydride.

[0077] Component A2 represents from 0 to 50%, in particular 10 to 45%, more particularly 20 to 40% of the total weight of components A and B. In other words, the alkyd resin comprises from 0 to 50%, in particular 10 to 45%, more particularly 20 to 40% by weight of units derived from a polyacid relative to the total weight of the alkyd resin.

[0078] The acid component A may include a non-fatty monoacid component A3. Component A3 includes at least one non-fatty monoacid. Component A3 may include a mixture of non-fatty monoacids. In particular, component A3 consists of all the non-fatty monoacids used to prepare the alkyd resin.

[0079] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "non-fatty monoacid" means a C2-C9 monoacid, that is to say a monoacid having 2 to 9 carbon atoms.

[0080] The non-fatty monoacid can be an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic monoacid, in particular aromatic.

[0081] Examples of suitable non-fatty monoacids are benzoic acid, tert-butylbenzoic acid, hexahydrobenzoic acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid and mixtures thereof.

[0082] According to a particular embodiment, component A3 comprises an aromatic non-fatty monoacid, more particularly benzoic acid.

[0083] Component A3 represents from 0 to 50%, in particular from 5 to 30%, more particularly from 10 to 20% of the total weight of components A and B. In other words, the alkyd resin comprises from 0 to 50%, in particular from 5 to 30%, more particularly from 10 to 20% by weight of units derived from a non-fatty monoacid relative to the total weight of the alkyd resin.

[0084] The acid component A may include a saturated fatty acid component A4. The component A4 includes at least one saturated fatty acid. The component A4 may include a mixture of saturated fatty acids. In particular, the component A4 consists of all the saturated fatty acids used to prepare the alkyd resin.

[0085] Examples of saturated fatty acids are capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, 9-hydroxystearic acid, 10-hydroxystearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, icosanoic acid, 14-hydroxyicosanoic acid, and mixtures thereof. Saturated fatty acids can in particular be derived from palm oil, coconut oil, hydrogenated castor oil, animal fat and mixtures thereof.

[0086] Component A4 represents from 0 to 20%, in particular from 0 to 10%, more particularly from 0 to 5% of the total weight of components A and B. In other words, the alkyd resin comprises from 0 to 20%, in particular from 0 to 10%, more particularly from 0 to 5%, by weight of units derived from a saturated fatty acid relative to the total weight of the alkyd resin.

[0087] The acid component A may include a monounsaturated fatty acid component A5. The component A5 includes at least one monounsaturated fatty acid. The component A5 may include a mixture of monounsaturated fatty acids. In particular, the component A5 consists of all the monounsaturated fatty acids used to prepare the alkyd resin.

[0088] Examples of monounsaturated fatty acids are myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, oleic acid, gadoleic acid, ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid), elaidic acid, trans-vaccenic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, brassidic acid, lesquerolic acid (14-hydroxy-11-icosenoic acid) and mixtures thereof.

[0089] The monounsaturated fatty acid can in particular be derived from a vegetable oil as described above.

[0090] Component A5 represents from 0 to 20%, in particular from 1 to 10%, more particularly from 2 to 8% of the total weight of components A and B. In other words, the alkyd resin comprises from 0 to 20%, in particular from 1 to 10%, more particularly from 2 to 8%, by weight of units derived from a monounsaturated fatty acid relative to the total weight of the alkyd resin.

[0091] The acid component A may include an unconjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid component A6. The component A6 includes at least one unconjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid. The component A6 may include a mixture of unconjugated polyunsaturated fatty acids. In particular, the component A6 consists of all the unconjugated polyunsaturated fatty acids used to prepare the alkyd resin.

[0092] Examples of unconjugated polyunsaturated fatty acids are omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, such as, in particular, 7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 6,9,12,15-octadecatretraenoic acid, 11,14,17-icosatrienoic acid, 8,11,14,17-icosatetraenoic acid, 5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid, 6,9,12,15,18-heneicosapentaenoic acid, 7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid, 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid, 9,12,15,18,21-tetracosapentaenoic acid, 6,9,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid, 11,14-icosadienoic acid 8,11,14-icosatrienoic acid, 5,8,11,14-icosatetraenoic acid, 13,16-docosadienoic acid, 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid, 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid, 9,12,15,18-tetracosatetraenoic acid, 6,9,12,15,18-tetracosapentaenoic acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0093] The polyunsaturated fatty acid may, in particular, be derived from a vegetable oil as described for the conjugated fatty acid (preferably without modification such as isomerization). Preferably, the unconjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid is derived from a vegetable oil selected from soybean oil, sunflower oil, or tall oil (tallol).

[0094] Component A6 represents from 0 to 50%, in particular from 1 to 30%, more particularly from 5 to 20% of the total weight of components A and B. In other words, the alkyd resin comprises from 0 to 50%, in particular from 1 to 30%, more particularly from 5 to 20%, by weight of units derived from an unconjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid relative to the total weight of the alkyd resin.

[0095] The alcohol component B may include a polyol component B1. Component B1 includes at least one polyol. Component B1 may include a mixture of polyols. In particular, component B1 consists of all the polyols used to prepare the alkyd resin.

[0096] The polyol may in particular have a functionality (number of hydroxyl functions) ranging from 2 to 6, in particular from 3 to 6, more particularly equal to 4.

[0097] The polyol may, in particular, be an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic polyol, especially aliphatic or cycloaliphatic. The polyol may, in particular, be a saturated polyol. Preferably, the polyol is a saturated aliphatic polyol.

[0098] According to one embodiment, the polyol has a molar mass of less than 400 g / mol, less than 350 g / mol, less than 300 g / mol, less than 250 g / mol, less than 200 g / mol or less than 150 g / mol.

[0099] Examples of suitable polyols are ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol (preferably with a number-average molecular weight Mn, calculated from the OH index, ranging from 250 to 3000 g / mol), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,6-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, bisphenol A, hydrogenated bisphenol A, glycerol, diglycerol, tricyclo-clodecane, dimethanol, trimethylolpropane, di(trimethylolpropane), trimethylolethane, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, di(pentaerythritol), neopentyl glycol, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, isosorbide, isoidide, isomannide, methyl glucoside,polyester polyols (in particular polycaprolactone polyol), poly-, carbonate polyols, polyorganosiloxane polyols (including polydimethylsiloxane polyol), polyglycerols such as glycerol oligomers like Polyglycerol-3 (glycerol trimer) and decaglycerol, a hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene, a diol derived from a dimer or trimer of hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated fatty acid, alkoxylated derivatives (including ethoxylated and / or propoxylated) of the polyols mentioned above, and mixtures thereof.

[0100] According to a particular embodiment, component B1 comprises a saturated aliphatic polyol selected from trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, di(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, a polyglycerol, sorbitol, a diol derived from a dimer or trimer of hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated fatty acid, alkoxylated derivatives (in particular ethoxylated and / or propoxylated) of the polyols mentioned above, and mixtures thereof.

[0101] Component B1 represents from 0 to 50%, in particular from 10 to 40%, more particularly from 20 to 30% of the total weight of components A and B. In other words, the alkyd resin comprises from 0 to 50%, in particular from 10 to 40%, more particularly from 20 to 30%, by weight of units derived from a polyol relative to the total weight of the alkyd resin.

[0102] The alcohol component B may include a monoalcohol component B2. The component B2 includes at least one monoalcohol. The component B2 may include a mixture of monoalcohols. In particular, the component B2 consists of all the monoalcohols used to prepare the alkyd resin.

[0103] The monoalcohol may, in particular, be an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic monoalcohol, especially aliphatic or cycloaliphatic. The monoalcohol may, in particular, be a saturated monoalcohol. Preferably, the monoalcohol is a saturated aliphatic monoalcohol.

[0104] The monoalcohol may in particular be a monoalcohol in C6-C60, in particular C8-C55, more particularly C10-C50.

[0105] Examples of suitable monoalcohols are octan-l-ol, octan-2-ol, 2-ethyl-l-hexanol, nonan-l-ol, decan-l-ol, undecan-l-ol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, docosanol, alkoxylated derivatives (in particular ethoxylated and / or propoxylated) of the monoalcohols mentioned above, and mixtures thereof.

[0106] Component B2 represents from 0 to 20%, in particular from 0 to 10%, more particularly from 0 to 5% of the total weight of components A and B. In other words, the alkyd resin comprises from 0 to 20%, in particular from 0 to 10%, more particularly from 0 to 5%, by weight of units derived from a monoalcohol relative to the total weight of the alkyd resin.

[0107] The alkyd resin may in particular have an average molecular mass in number Mn ranging from 2500 to 6000 g / mol, particularly from 3500 to 5000 g / mol. The number-average molecular mass can notably be measured by GPC in THF in polystyrene equivalents.

[0108] The acid value of the alkyd resin may in particular be less than 25, preferably from 5 to 20 mg KOH / g, more preferably from 8 to 13 mg KOH / g.

[0109] The hydroxyl value of the alkyd resin may in particular be from 20 to 150 mg KOH / g, preferably from 30 to 100 mg KOH / g.

[0110] The alkyd resin may in particular have an average functionality f ranging from 1.9 to 2.1. This average functionality is defined according to the following relationship: f = 2 If n → / If n; with n; and f; being respectively the number of moles and functionality of the acid or alcohol component i (average over all the reactive acid and alcohol components).

[0111] The alkyd resin may in particular have a Noury ​​viscosity at 110°C according to the AFNOR XPT51213 method ranging from 7,000 to 13,000 mPa.s, preferably from 9,000 to 12,000 mPa.s.

[0112] The weight percentage of component a) relative to the weight of the alkyd emulsion can range from 35 to 65%, in particular from 40 to 60%, and more particularly from 45 to 55%. Surfactant

[0113] The alkyd emulsion according to the invention comprises a surfactant component, also referred to as component b).

[0114] Component b) comprises a reactive surfactant. Component b) may comprise a mixture of reactive surfactants. Component b) may further comprise a non-reactive surfactant.

[0115] For the purposes of the present invention, a surfactant is an amphiphilic compound (i.e., having both a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic part). The surfactant must, in particular, be capable of stabilizing the alkyd resin in the form of droplets dispersed in water. Specifically, a surfactant suitable for forming an oil-in-water emulsion may have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value greater than 8, particularly greater than 10, and more particularly greater than 12.

[0116] For the purposes of the present invention, a reactive surfactant is a surfactant comprising a functional group capable of reacting with a functional group of the alkyd resin. Thus, a reactive surfactant can be directly integrated into the skeleton formed by the alkyd resin (in particular by a covalent bond). Preferably, the reactive surfactant is an ethylenically unsaturated surfactant.

[0117] For the purposes of the invention, an "ethylenically unsaturated surfactant" means a surfactant which comprises a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond.

[0118] According to a particular embodiment, component b) comprises a surfactant anionic reactive. In particular, the anionic reactive surfactant can be a reactive surfactant based on phosphate, phosphonate, sulfate, sulfonate, sulfosuccinate or carboxylate, more particularly a reactive surfactant based on sulfate.

[0119] The anionic reactive surfactant may comprise an aromatic ring. In particular, the anionic reactive surfactant may comprise a carbon-carbon double bond in the alpha or beta position of the aromatic ring, more particularly in the alpha position of the aromatic ring.

[0120] The anionic reactive surfactant may in particular correspond to the following formula(s):

[0121] in which Z is an ethylenically unsaturated group, preferably a group with the formula -CH=CH2, -CH=CHCH3 or -ch2-ch=ch2 each R1 is independently chosen from H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl and al-kylaryl; L is a bond, an alkylene, an oxyalkylene or a polyoxyalkylene; X comprises a hydrophilic group, preferably chosen from -SO3M, -CO2M, -P(Y)O2M, -C(=O)-CH(SO3M)-CH2-C(=O)-Y or -C(=O)-CH2-CH(SO3M)-C(=O)-Y, more preferably -SO3M; M is H, a metallic cation (especially sodium or potassium) or an ammonium; Y is OM or a residue of the following formula (Ib): (R1 >4

[0122] The anionic reactive surfactant may in particular correspond to the formula (the) next: MO3S—O— A—O l_ _J n CH = CHCH: (THE)

[0123] in which R1 and M are as defined above; each A is independently a C2-C4 alkylene, preferably ethylene or propylene; n goes from 1 to 100, from 2 to 60, from 3 to 50, from 4 to 40 or from 5 to 30.

[0124] The anionic reactive surfactant may in particular correspond to the following formula (Id): Od)

[0125] in which A, M and n are as defined above; m is 1 or 2.

[0126] Examples of suitable anionic reactive surfactants are available under the references Hitenol® BC-3025, Hitenol® AR-1025, Hitenol® AR-10, Hitenol® KH-1025, Hitenol® KH-10, Hitenol® KH-05, Hitenol® BC-20, Hitenol® BC-1025, Hitenol® BC-20 from Dai-Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku.

[0127] The weight ratio of the anionic reactive surfactant relative to the weight of the alkyd emulsion can range from 0 to 5%, preferably from 1 to 4% and more preferably from 2 to 3%.

[0128] According to a particular embodiment, component b) may comprise a non-ionic reactive surfactant. In particular, the non-ionic reactive surfactant may be a polyether-based reactive surfactant.

[0129] The non-ionic reactive surfactant may comprise an aromatic ring. In particular, the non-ionic reactive surfactant may comprise a carbon-carbon double bond in the alpha or beta position of the aromatic ring, more particularly in the alpha position of the aromatic ring.

[0130] The non-ionic reactive surfactant may in particular correspond to the following formula (lia):

[0131] in which Z' is an ethylenically unsaturated group, preferably a group with the formula -CH=CH2, -CH=CHCH3 or -ch2-ch=ch2 Each R3 is independently chosen from H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl and al- kylaryl; each A is independently a C2-C4 alkylene, preferably ethylene or propylene; n goes from 1 to 100, from 2 to 60, from 3 to 50, from 4 to 40 or from 5 to 30.

[0132] The non-ionic reactive surfactant may in particular correspond to the following formula (Ilb): CH = CHCH, (ilb)

[0133] in which R3, A and n are such as defined above.

[0134] The non-ionic reactive surfactant may in particular correspond to the following formula (Ile): (Island)

[0135] in which A and n are such as defined above; Alk is an alkyl, preferably in C6-C30.

[0136] The non-ionic reactive surfactant may be an aliphatic surfactant.

[0137] The non-ionic reactive surfactant may in particular correspond to the following formula (Ilia): HOA—OL^O—Z” L (Ilia)

[0138] in which L' is a C6-C30 alkylene, preferably branched; Z' ' is an ethylenically unsaturated group, preferably a group of the formula -C(=O)-CR4=CH2, -ch2-cr5=ch2 R4 and R5 are independently chosen from H and methyl; each A is independently a C2-C4 alkylene, preferably ethylene or propylene; n goes from 1 to 100, from 2 to 60, from 3 to 50, from 4 to 40 or from 5 to 30.

[0139] Examples of suitable non-ionic reactive surfactants are available under the references Noigen® RN-10, Noigen® RN-20, Noigen® RN-30, Noigen® RN-40, Noigen® RN-5065, Noigen® KN-10, Noigen® AN 5065, Noigen® AN-30, Noigen® AN-20, Noigen® AN-10 from Dai-Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku.

[0140] The weight ratio of the non-ionic reactive surfactant relative to the weight of the emulsion The alkyd content can range from 0 to 5%, preferably from 1 to 4% and more preferably from 2 to 3%.

[0141] According to a particular embodiment, component b) may comprise an anionic reactive surfactant and a nonionic reactive surfactant. For example, the weight ratio between the anionic reactive surfactant and the nonionic reactive surfactant may be from 0.5 to 4, preferably from 1 to 3, more preferably from 1.5 to 2.5.

[0142] In addition to the reactive surfactant, component b) may comprise a non-reactive surfactant. Component b) may comprise a mixture of non-reactive surfactants.

[0143] For the purposes of the present invention, a non-reactive surfactant is a surfactant which does not include a functional group capable of reacting with a functional group of the alkyd resin, in particular no polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond.

[0144] The non-reactive surfactant may be selected from an anionic non-reactive surfactant, a non-ionic non-reactive surfactant, and mixtures thereof, for example, a mixture of an anionic non-reactive surfactant and a non-ionic non-reactive surfactant. Preferred examples of anionic non-reactive surfactants include, but are not limited to, an alkyl sulfate, an alkyl ether sulfate, an alkylsulfonate, an alkylbenzene sulfonate, a diphenyl oxide disulfonate (optionally substituted), a sulfosuccinate mono- or diester (optionally alkoxylated), a phosphonate mono- or diester, a phosphate mono- or diester, and mixtures thereof. Examples of preferred non-ionic non-reactive surfactants include, but are not limited to, a possibly alkoxylated fatty alcohol, a possibly alkoxylated fatty acid, a possibly alkoxylated sorbitol ester, a possibly alkoxylated fatty ester, an ethoxy-propoxy block copolymer (EO-PO copolymer), and mixtures thereof.A list of suitable surfactants is available in the book "Surfactants and Polymers in Aqueous Solutions" (Holmberg et al., 2002, John Wiley & Sons).

[0145] Examples of suitable alkyl sulfates and alkyl ether sulfates are C6-C22 fatty alcohol sulfates possibly ethoxylated, such as decyl sulfate, lauryl sulfate (as Disponil® SLS), stearyl sulfate, C12-C14 fatty alcohol ether sulfate with 2 to 50 EO units (as Disponil® FES 77, Disponil® FES 27, Disponil® FES 993, Disponil® FES 32, Rhodapex LA 120s).

[0146] Examples of suitable alkylsulfonates are C6-C22 fatty alcohol sulfonates such as decyl sulfonate, lauryl sulfonate and stearyl sulfonate.

[0147] Examples of suitable alkylbenzenesulfonates are benzenesulfonates substituted with a linear or branched C6-C22 alkyl group, such as sodium dodecylben-zenesulfonate (like POLYSTEP® A-16-22 or Rhodacal® DS-4).

[0148] An example of a suitable diphenyl oxide disulfonate is sodium diphenyl oxide dodecyl disulfonate (such as Dowfax® 2A1, Calfax® DB45).

[0149] Examples of suitable sulfosuccinate mono- or diesters are monoesters or C6-C22 alkyl diesters of sulfosuccinic acid possibly alkoxylated (such as Aerosol® A-102, Aerosol® MA-80, Aerosol® GPG).

[0150] Examples of suitable phosphate mono- or diesters are compounds of formula (I) or (II) (such as Rhodafac® Rs 410, Rhodafac® Rs 610, Rhodafac® Rs 710, Rhodafac® Rs 960, Rhodafac® Re 610):

[0151] monoester RO(R'O)n- P(=O) [-0 M+]2 (I)

[0152] diester [RO(R'O)n]2- P(=0)-0 M+ (II)

[0153] in which each R is independently an alkyl at C6 to C50, preferably at C8 to C30, more preferably at C10 to C20; each R' is independently ethylene or propylene; n ranges from 2 to 50, preferably from 4 to 40, more preferably from 8 to 30; M is chosen from hydrogen, a metallic cation (in particular sodium or potassium) or an ammonium”

[0154] Phosphate mono- and diesters may in particular be in the form of a mixture, the weight ratio of phosphate monoester to phosphate diester being from 0.8 to 12.

[0155] Examples of suitable fatty alcohols are C6-C22 alkoxylated fatty alcohols with 2 to 50 alkoxy units, such as C12-C14 alcohol ethoxylates (like Tergitol® 15-S-20), C13 alcohol ethoxylates (like Emulan® TO 4070, Emulan® TO 2080), C16-C18 alcohol ethoxylates (like Empilan® KM80), propoxylated / ethoxylated C4-C8 alcohols with a propoxy / ethoxy weight ratio of around 1, ethoxylated iso Cio fatty alcohol (2-40 EO), ethoxylated monobranched fatty alcohols of the Ci0-Ci8 type (2-40 EO).

[0156] Examples of suitable sorbitol esters are C[8] sorbitol esters and ethoxylated sorbitol esters (5-20 EO motifs).

[0157] Examples of suitable fatty acids are ethoxylated Ci2-Ci8 fatty acids (7-100 EO), ethoxylated castor oil (30-40 EO), ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil (7-60 EO).

[0158] Examples of suitable fatty esters are glycerol palmitate, glycerol stearate, ethylene glycol stearate, diethylene glycol stearate, propylene glycol stearate, polyethylene glycol 200 stearate (PEG of Mn = 200) or the ethoxylated fatty ester (2-15 EO) in C[8.

[0159] Examples of ethoxy-propoxy block copolymers are Butoxy EO-PO copolymers (such as Maxemul® 7101).

[0160] According to a particular embodiment, component b) comprises a non-reactive surfactant selected from a C6-C22 fatty alcohol sulfate optionally ethoxylated, a Butoxy EO-PO and mixtures thereof.

[0161] Preferably, when the reactive surfactant is an anionic surfactant, component b) may further comprise a non-reactive non-ionic surfactant. Alternatively, when the reactive surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant, component b) may further comprise a non-reactive anionic surfactant.

[0162] According to a particular embodiment, component b) may comprise an anionic reactive surfactant and a non-ionic non-reactive surfactant. For example, the weight ratio between the anionic reactive surfactant and the non-ionic non-reactive surfactant may be 1 to 4, 2 to 3, preferably 1.5 to 2.5.

[0163] According to an alternative embodiment, component b) may comprise a non-ionic reactive surfactant and an anionic non-reactive surfactant. For example, the weight ratio between the non-ionic reactive surfactant and the anionic non-reactive surfactant may be 1 to 4, 2 to 3, preferably 1.5 to 2.5.

[0164] The weight percentage of the non-reactive surfactant relative to the weight of the alkyd emulsion varies from 0 to 5%, preferably from 0.5 to 3% and more preferably from 1 to 2%.

[0165] The weight percentage of component b) relative to the weight of the alkyd emulsion varies from 1 to 15%, preferably from 2 to 12% and more preferably from 3 to 10%.

[0166] The alkyd emulsion according to the invention can in particular be prepared according to the process described below. Process for preparing an alkyd emulsion

[0167] The invention also relates to a method for preparing an alkyd emulsion, the method comprising the following steps: i. preparation of a component a) comprising an alkyd resin in the molten state; ii. addition of a component b) comprising a reactive surfactant and water, iii. neutralization of the acidity of components a) and b) by adding a base, iv. emulsification by phase inversion v. possibly adjustment of the dry extract of the alkyd emulsion.

[0168] The alkyd resin of component a) can, in particular, be prepared by polycondensation of an acid component A and an alcohol component B. Components A and B can, in particular, be as described above. Components A and B can be heated to a temperature ranging from 80 to 250°C. The water formed during the polycondensation can be gradually removed by distillation. The progress of the polycondensation can be controlled by the acid value of the reaction mixture. Once the desired acid value is reached, the alkyd resin can be cooled to room temperature (20-30°C) for storage for subsequent emulsification. Alternatively, the alkyd resin can be directly introduced in a molten state (for example, at a temperature of 80 to 110°C) in step ii) of the process according to the invention.

[0169] Step ü) can be carried out by adding component b) and water to the reaction medium. Component b) can, in particular, be as described above. Step ii) can be carried out at a temperature ranging from 80 to 100°C.

[0170] Step iii) can be carried out, in particular, by adding a base to the reaction medium. The base can be chosen from LiOH, KOH, NaOH, NH4OH, or a tertiary amine. Step iii) can be carried out at a temperature ranging from 60 to 85°C.

[0171] Step iv) can notably be carried out by gradually adding water to the reaction mixture while stirring. The temperature of the reaction mixture can be maintained at a temperature ranging from 60 to 85°C. Once emulsification is complete, the temperature of the reaction mixture can be allowed to return to room temperature (20 to 25°C).

[0172] Optional step v) can be carried out by adding water to obtain the desired dry extract. In particular, the dry extract can be adjusted to reach 35 to 65%, preferably 40 to 60%, more preferably 45 to 55%. Composition, coating and use

[0173] Another object, according to the invention, relates to a coating composition comprising an alkyd emulsion as defined above.

[0174] The composition may include a drying agent. The drying agent increases the polymerization rate of the alkyd resin. Drying agents are typically metallic salts, including salts of cadmium, tin, cobalt, manganese, zirconium, lead, iron, or calcium; or organic compounds such as fatty acids.

[0175] According to another embodiment, the composition does not include a drying agent and simply dries with atmospheric oxygen. The aqueous phase then simply evaporates naturally through drying.

[0176] The composition according to the invention can be applied to a wide variety of substrates, including wood, metal, stone, plaster, concrete, glass, fabric, leather, paper, plastic, and composite materials. Application can be carried out conventionally, in particular with a brush or roller, by spraying, immersion, or coating.

[0177] After application of the composition, the water can be eliminated naturally by air drying, in particular at room temperature or by heating.

[0178] The composition may in particular be a coating, sealant or adhesive composition.

[0179] In particular, the composition may be a coating composition, more particularly a decorative coating composition, including a film, paint, varnish, lacquer, stain, adhesion primer or ink composition.

[0180] According to a particular embodiment, the composition is a composition of paint, varnish or stain, in particular a composition of finishing paint, varnish or stain. Such a composition can notably be applied indoors or outdoors, for example on wood, metal, a wall or plastic.

[0181] The composition can in particular be used to obtain a coating (in particular a film, a paint, a varnish, a lacquer, a stain, an adhesion primer or an ink), an adhesive or a sealant.

[0182] Another object of the invention relates to the use of the alkyd emulsion according to the invention, as a binder to obtain a coating (in particular a film, a paint, a varnish, a lacquer, a stain, an adhesion primer or an ink), an adhesive or a sealant.

[0183] The invention also relates to a coating (in particular a film, a paint, a varnish, a lacquer, a stain, an adhesion primer or an ink), an adhesive or a sealant obtained by application and drying of the composition according to the invention.

[0184] The following examples illustrate the invention and its performance and do not in any way limit its scope. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Raw materials

[0185] The raw materials used in the examples are described in Table 1 below.

[0186] [Tables 1] Chemical Name Technical Function Nouracid® DE 554 Dehydrated castor oil (fatty acid mixture containing 40-45% conjugated fatty acid, 9-14% monounsaturated fatty acid, 32-40% unconjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid, by weight relative to the weight of the mixture) Al A5 A6 Benzoic acid Benzoic acid A3 Pentaerythritol Pentaerythritol B1 Phthalic anhydride Phthalic anhydride A2 LiOH 10% Lithium hydroxide (10% aqueous solution by weight) Base Hitenol® AR 1025 Styrene-phenyl ether ammonium sulfate ethoxylated with formula → ... Disponil® FES 77 Sodium salt of (C12-C14) alkyl sulfate ethoxylated (30 OE) Non-anionic reactive surfactant Noigen® KN 20 l-(allyloxymethyl) alkyl ether ethoxylated Non-ionic reactive surfactant Borchi® OXY-Coat 1101 Iron salt Drying agent Tests and measurement methods

[0187] These tests and methods are generally valid for the characteristics mentioned in the description and in particular in the examples presented. dry extract

[0188] Evaluation according to ISO 3251:2008 under the conditions: 1 g of dispersion for 1 hour at 125°C and the result is expressed as %. Noury ​​Viscosity

[0189] The Noury ​​viscosity of the alkyd resin is measured at 110°C according to AFNOR XP T51-213 (1995) and expressed in mPa.s. Brookfield Viscosity

[0190] The Brookfield viscosity of the alkyd emulsion is measured at 23°C, 10 rpm using mobiles 2 and 3 on a Brookfield RVDVE-230 viscometer according to ISO 2555:2018. Particle size

[0191] The particle size of the alkyd emulsion is measured using a Zetasizer-Malvem Instruments Ltd. apparatus. The dispersion sample is diluted in a transparent cuvette with filtered deionized water. The volume-average particle size (Dv50) is measured by 90° laser scattering. Acid value and Hydroxyl value

[0192] The acid value of the alkyd resin is evaluated according to ISO 3682:1996.

[0193] The hydroxyl value of the alkyd resin is evaluated according to ISO 4326:2019. Storage stability

[0194] Storage stability corresponds to the variation in the dry extract of the alkyd emulsion at 50°C over 1 month. Storage stability is determined by measuring the dry extract on the surface of the sample and comparing it with the dry extract measured at the bottom of the sample. If, after one month of storage at 50°C, the difference in measured dry extract is not greater than 2%, the stability is considered good. Water resistance

[0195] The water resistance of a coating is measured on films 150 µm thick obtained by applying a formulation using a filmograph onto a Leneta P121-10N card and drying for 24 hours at 23°C (+ / -2°C) with a humidity level of 50%. After drying, water droplets are deposited on the surface of the paint film. The number of water droplets is deposited equal to the chosen contact time (e.g., 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, or even 24 h). These droplets can be covered (with a watch glass, a bottle cap, etc.) and / or placed on a small piece of filter paper to slow evaporation (recommended for long contact times). After the chosen contact time has elapsed, carefully remove the drop with absorbent paper and assess the condition of the test surface. A rating will be made immediately after the water drop is removed.A second rating will be performed after reconditioning the test specimen for 24 hours. in an air-conditioned room at 23°C and 50% RH, in order to assess the coating's ability to regain its original appearance. Water resistance is evaluated qualitatively according to the following scale:

[0196] 4: No visible change

[0197] 3: Slight change in brightness visible when the light source is reflected on Test surface / Coating swelling / Color variation (bleaching) / Coating softening

[0198] 2: Appearance of a change in the structure of the coating (slight blistering, second-hand clothing)

[0199] 1: Significant modification of the coating structure (intense blistering) Hardness

[0200] The coating hardness is measured on films 100 µm thick obtained using the method described in the water resistance measurement section. The pendulum is cleaned with acetone. The film is placed under the pendulum. The pendulum is gently brought onto the surface of the film. The pendulum is deflected, without laterally moving the pivot, until it reaches the appropriate angle (12° for the Persoz pendulum) and is temporarily locked with a rod. The counter is reset to zero and the pendulum is released. The measurement is complete when the pendulum has stopped and the counter no longer increments. The value is recorded. Three measurements are taken on each film, and the average of the three values ​​is calculated. Example 1 (according to the invention)

[0201] 1.1) Synthesis of alkyd resin

[0202] In a 1.5-litre reactor comprising: - a submersible rod for introducing nitrogen, - a temperature probe, - a refrigerant supplied with water at 12°C, and - a tank to collect the water from polycondensation,

[0203] the following raw materials were introduced: 345.5 g of NOURACID® DE554, - 241.2 g of pentaerythritol, - 263.1 g of phthalic anhydride and - 150.2 g of benzoic acid.

[0204] Under nitrogen bubbling, the assembly was heated to 240°C by means of a heater An electric flask was used, and the water formed was distilled as it was produced until an acid value of less than 11 mg KOH / g was obtained. At the end of the synthesis, a viscous alkyd resin with the following characteristics was obtained: - Acid value: 10.9 mg KOH / g - Dry extract: 100% - Noury ​​viscosity: 10,900 mPa.s

[0205] 1.2) Emulsification of the alkvde resin to obtain an alkvde emulsion

[0206] In a 1-liter reactor, 477.1 g of alkyd resin obtained according to the operating conditions of 1.1) described above, previously melted at 80-100°C, were introduced. When the reactor temperature had stabilized at 85°C, 94.4 g of Hitenol® AR 1025 (25% by weight aqueous solution) were added. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Next, 35.66 g of LiOH (10% by weight aqueous solution) were added over 30 minutes to neutralize the alkyd resin. The mixture was stirred at 85°C for 30 minutes. Finally, 375.22 g of water were added over 2 hours, while maintaining the temperature at 80°C. The reactor was then cooled to room temperature and the dry extract adjusted to 50%. In the end, we obtained an alkyd emulsion with the following characteristics: - Dry extract: 50% pH: 7.5 - Brookfield viscosity at 23°C: < 100 mPa.s - Particle size: < 200 nm - Storage stability: good Example 2 (according to the invention)

[0207] Example 1 was reproduced by replacing Hitenol® AR 1025 with an equivalent weight quantity of Emulsogen® CPA 100. With a comparable dry extract, an alkyd emulsion of similar quality (particle size, pH, viscosity, storage stability) was obtained to that obtained in Example 1. Example 3 (according to the invention)

[0208] Example 1 was reproduced by replacing Hitenol® AR 1025 with an equivalent weight quantity of a mixture of Hitenol® AR 1025 and Noigen® KN 20 (mass ratio 2 / 1). With comparable dry extract, an alkyd emulsion of similar quality (particle size, pH, viscosity, storage stability) was obtained to that obtained in Example 1. Example 4 (comparative)

[0209] Example 1 was reproduced by replacing Hitenol® AR 1025 with an equivalent weight quantity of Disponil® FES 77. With a comparable dry extract, an alkyd emulsion of similar quality (particle size, pH, viscosity, storage stability) was obtained to that obtained in Example 1. Formulation

[0210] In a 250 mL beaker, 150 g of the alkyd emulsion from Examples 1 to 4 was introduced. Then, 0.5% by weight of Borchi® OXY-Coat 1101 was added relative to the weight of the dry extract of the emulsion under vigorous agitation (600 revolutions / minutes) over a period of 5 minutes.

[0211] The water resistance and hardness of the varnishes obtained with the formulation are detailed in Table 2.

[0212] [Tables2] Alkyd emulsion Example 1 (invention) Example 2 (invention) Example 3 (invention) Example 4 (comparative) Water resistance 4 3 4 0 Hardness 120 ND ND 80

[0213] Varnishes containing a reactive surfactant exhibit better water resistance and greater hardness than varnishes containing a non-reactive surfactant.

Claims

Demands

1. Alkyd emulsion, characterized in that it comprises: a) an alkyd resin having an oil length of 20 to 50%, the alkyd resin being based on an acid component A and an alcohol component B, the acid component A comprising a conjugated fatty acid component Al, the Al component representing at least 5%, preferably 5 to 40%, more preferably 10 to 35% of the total weight of components A and B; b) a surfactant comprising a reactive surfactant which is an ethylenically unsaturated surfactant; c) water.

2. Alkyd emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that the conjugated fatty acid is derived from a modified vegetable oil, preferably selected from dehydrated castor oil, isomerized sunflower oil, isomerized linseed oil, isomerized soybean oil, more preferably dehydrated castor oil.

3. Alkyd emulsion according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the acid component A comprises a polyacid component A2, in particular an aromatic anhydride, more particularly phthalic anhydride.

4. Alkyd emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the acid component A comprises a non-fatty monoacid component A3, in particular an aromatic non-fatty monoacid, more particularly benzoic acid.

5. Alkyd emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the alcohol component B comprises a polyol, in particular a polyol having a functionality from 2 to 6, more particularly a saturated aliphatic polyol selected from trimethylolethane, trimethyl-lolpropane, glycerol, di(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, a polyglycerol, sorbitol, a diol derived from a dimer or trimer of hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated fatty acid, alkoxylated derivatives of the polyols mentioned above, and mixtures thereof.

6. Alkyd emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the weight percentage of component a) relative to the weight of the alkyd emulsion varies from 35 to 65%, preferably from 40 to 60%, more preferably from 45 to 55%.

7. Alkyd emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the acid value of the alkyd resin is less than 25 mg KOH / g, preferably from 5 to 20 mg KOH / g, more preferably from 8 to 13 mg KOH / g.

8. Alkyd emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that component b) comprises an anionic reactive surfactant, in particular a reactive surfactant based on phosphate, phosphonate, sulfate, sulfonate, sulfosuccinate or carboxylate, more particularly a reactive surfactant based on sulfate.

9. Alkyd emulsion according to claim 8, characterized in that the anionic reactive surfactant comprises an aromatic ring, in particular the anionic reactive surfactant comprises a carbon-carbon double bond in the alpha or beta position of the aromatic ring, more particularly in the alpha position of the aromatic ring.

10. Alkyd emulsion according to any one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the anionic reactive surfactant corresponds to the following formula (a): (R1 >4 X—L-- -|— Z (a) in which Z is an ethylenically unsaturated group, preferably a group of formula -CH=CH2, -CH=CHCH3 or -CH2-CH=CH2 each R1 is independently selected from H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl and alkylaryl; L is a bond, an alkylene, an oxyalkylene or a polyoxyalkylene; X comprises a hydrophilic group, preferably selected from -SO3M, -CO2M, -P(Y)O2M, -C(=O)-CH(SO3M)-CH2-C(=O)-Y or -C(=O)-CH2 -CH(SO3M)-C(=O)-Y, more preferably -SO3M; M is H, a metallic cation or an ammonium; Y is OM or a residue of the following formula (Ib): L— 4-Z (Ib)

11. Alkyd emulsion according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the anionic reactive surfactant corresponds to the

12. The following formula: MO3S—O— A—O ch=chch3 (THE) in which R1 and M are as defined in claim 10; each A is independently a C2-C4 alkylene, preferably ethylene or propylene; n goes from 1 to 100, from 2 to 60, from 3 to 50, from 4 to 40 or from 5 to 30. Alkyd emulsion according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the anionic reactive surfactant corresponds to the following formula (Id):

13.

14.

15.

16. in which M is as defined in claim 10; A and n are as defined in claim 11; m is 1 or 2. Alkyd emulsion according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the weight ratio of the anionic reactive surfactant relative to the weight of the alkyd emulsion varies from 0 to 5%, preferably from 1 to 4% and more preferably from 2 to 3%. Alkyd emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that component b) comprises a non-ionic reactive surfactant, preferably a non-ionic reactive surfactant based on a polyether. Alkyd emulsion according to claim 14, characterized in that the weight ratio of the non-ionic reactive surfactant relative to the weight of the alkyd emulsion varies from 0 to 5%, preferably from 1 to 4% and more preferably from 2 to 3%. Alkyd emulsion according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that component b) comprises an anionic reactive surfactant and a nonionic reactive surfactant, the weight ratio between the anionic reactive surfactant and the nonionic reactive surfactant preferably from 0.5 to 4, more preferably from 1 to 3, more preferably still from 1.5 to 2.

5.

17. Alkyd emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that component b) comprises a non-reactive surfactant.

18. Alkyd emulsion according to claim 17, characterized in that the weight ratio of the non-reactive surfactant relative to the weight of the alkyd emulsion varies from 0 to 5%, preferably from 0.5 to 3% and more preferably from 1 to 2%.

19. Alkyd emulsion according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the weight percentage of component b) relative to the weight of the alkyd emulsion varies from 1 to 15%, preferably from 2 to 12% and more preferably from 3 to 10%.

20. A process for preparing an alkyd emulsion as defined according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the process comprises the following steps: i. preparation of a component a) comprising an alkyd resin in the molten state; ii. addition of a component b) comprising a reactive surfactant which is an ethylenically unsaturated surfactant and water, iii. neutralization of the acidity of components a) and b) by adding a base, iv. emulsification by phase inversion, v. optionally adjustment of the dry extract of the alkyd emulsion.

21. Composition characterized in that it comprises an alkyd emulsion as defined according to any one of claims 1 to 19 or obtained by the process as defined according to claim 20.

22. Composition according to claim 21, characterized in that it is a coating, sealant or adhesive composition, in particular a coating composition, more particularly a film, paint, varnish, lacquer, stain, adhesion primer or ink composition.

23. Use of the alkyd emulsion as defined in any one of claims 1 to 19 or obtained by the process as defined in claim 20, as a binder for obtaining a coating, adhesive or sealant, in particular for obtaining a coating, more particularly bound to obtain a film, paint, varnish, lacquer, stain, adhesion primer or ink.

24. A coating, adhesive or sealant obtained by applying and drying the composition according to claim 21 or 22.