ANTI-COLLISION GLAZING

Abstract

Multi-glazing (1) suitable for being mounted in a building, on the facade and / or on the roof, comprising at least one exterior laminated glazing (2) and one interior glazing (3) separated by a gas gap (4) and intended respectively to be arranged towards the outside and the inside of the building, said exterior laminated glazing (2) comprising at least one electrochromic stack (7) and a lamination interlayer (5), preferably made of polymer material, still preferably made of PVB, interposed between an interior transparent substrate (6) and an exterior transparent substrate (8) comprising on its exterior face a textured pattern (9) which contrasts with a background (10), said pattern (9) being characterized in that: - each subset of said pattern (9) is separated from an adjacent subset by a distance of less than 10.16 cm, preferably less than 5.08 cm, - said pattern (9) has, with respect to the background (10), a visibility score "SCORE" greater than or equal to 0,and which satisfies the equation: SCORE = 0.85*ΔS + 0.15* ΔL Figure for the abstract: Fig. 1,

Description

Title of the invention: ANTI-COLLISION GLAZING

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of multiple glazing units suitable for installation in a building, on a facade and / or roof. More specifically, the invention relates to so-called "anti-collision" glazing units which make it possible to avoid or at least limit the risks of a bird colliding with said glazing unit. The invention also relates to the manufacture of such multiple glazing units, as well as to their installation in a building.

[0002] There is a need to make building glazing clearly visible to birds so that they do not accidentally strike it. A known solution to meet this need is to apply a pattern to the glazing that is clearly visible to birds and is dense enough to signal to the birds that they cannot pass through it.

[0003] In this context, certain known solutions of the state of the art have the disadvantage of not making this anti-collision pattern sufficiently visible to a bird, so that the risk of collision remains non-negligible.

[0004] There is therefore a need to provide an anti-collision multiple glazing having an anti-collision pattern which presents satisfactory visibility for a bird.

[0005] The present invention meets this need. More particularly, in at least one embodiment, the proposed technique relates to a multi-glazing unit suitable for being mounted in a building, on the facade and / or on the roof, comprising at least one exterior laminated glazing unit and one interior glazing unit separated by a gas gap and intended respectively to be arranged towards the outside and the inside of the building, said exterior laminated glazing unit comprising at least one electrochromic stack and a lamination interlayer, preferably made of polymer material, even more preferably made of PVB, interposed between an interior transparent substrate and an exterior transparent substrate comprising on its exterior face a textured pattern which contrasts with a background (10), said pattern being characterized in that: - each subset of said pattern is separated from an adjacent subset by a distance of less than 10.16 cm, preferably less than 5.08 cm, - said pattern has a visibility score “SCORE” greater than or equal to 0 in relation to the background, and which satisfies the equation: SCORE = 0.85*AS + 0.15* AL Where AS is the chromatic contrast and satisfies the equation [Math. 1] Where “wi” is the Weber fraction representing the sensitivity of an “i” cone in a bird’s retina, Where “Afi” is the actual perceptual difference between said pattern (9) and the background (10), Where “fi” satisfies the equation: fi = In (Qi / Qi_ref) where Qi is the sensory response of a cone "i" of a bird's retina and satisfies the equation [Math. 2] Q. = / ftÙWAMaMA Where “X” is the wavelength, “S” is the spectrum considered, “I” is the illuminant D65 according to the EN410 standard which describes the average solar spectrum and “Ri” is the sensitivity spectrum of said cone “i”, Where “Qi_ref” corresponds to “Qi” with S equal to 1, Where “AL” is the achromatic contrast and satisfies the equation: AL = Af_achromatic / w_achromatic Where “w_achromatic” is equal to 0.1 is the Weber fraction representing the achromatic sensitivity of a bird’s retina, Where “Af_achromatic” is the actual achromatic perceptual difference between said pattern and the background, Where “f_achromatic” satisfies the equation: f_achromatic = In (Q / Q_ref) Where Q is the achromatic sensory response of a bird’s retina and satisfies the equation [Math. 3] Q = [ R (W) h Where “R” is the achromatic sensitivity spectrum, Where “Q_ref” corresponds to “Q” with “S” equal to 1.

[0006] For the purposes of the invention, a multi-glazing unit designates a plurality of glazing units - laminated or not - spaced and separated by one or two gas or vacuum layers, depending on whether the multi-glazing unit is double or triple glazing. According to the invention, an anti-collision pattern is textured on the outer face of the outer transparent substrate, i.e. the face of the multi-glazing unit intended to be positioned outside the building. A so-called "textured" surface designates a surface for which the surface irregularities vary on a scale larger than the wavelength of the incident radiation on the surface. Incident radiation, with a given angle, is then transmitted and reflected diffusely by the surface, i.e. in a plurality of directions.

[0007] The textured pattern formed on the outer face of the multi-glazing contrasts with the background in the sense that it is visually distinguished from it, at least from a bird's eye view. This background therefore corresponds to a surface defined in opposition to the textured pattern, like a negative of the latter.

[0008] The present invention resides firstly in the selection of an anti-collision pattern on the basis of a geometric criterion but also of a contrast criterion: the visibility score. This “SCORE” presents excellent reliability, since it takes into account the optical perception of a bird in all its complexity, and in particular with regard to the sensitivity both chromatic and achromatic of its retina. A multi-glazing presenting a score greater than or equal to 0 thus makes it possible to satisfactorily limit the risk of collision of a bird with a glazing.

[0009] The present invention resides secondly in the combination, within the multi-glazing, of such an anti-collision pattern with an electrochromic stack.

[0010] An electrochromic stack, also called an electrochemical functional system with electrically controllable optical and / or energetic properties, comprises at least one electrochemically active layer arranged between a first electrode coating and a second electrode coating, the at least one electrochemically active layer being adapted to pass, under the effect of an appropriate electrical supply and reversibly, between a clear state and a tinted state, the optical and / or energetic properties of which vary. Such properties relate in particular to transmission, absorption, reflection, or even light diffusion. The induced variation generally occurs in the optical domain (infrared, visible, ultraviolet) and / or in other domains of electromagnetic radiation, hence the name device with variable optical and / or energetic properties, the optical domain not necessarily being the only domain concerned..

[0011] As detailed in the description, the combination, within the multi-glazing, of an anti-collision pattern and an electrochromic stack has the advantage of increasing the contrast between the pattern and the background, as perceived by a bird. In other words, the anti-collision pattern appears more visible to a bird.

[0012] According to a particular embodiment, said interior transparent substrate is coated with said electrochromic stack, said electrochromic stack being preferentially in contact with said gas blade.

[0013] According to a particular embodiment, said multi-glazing comprises at least one reflective layer arranged between the inner transparent substrate and the outer face of the outer transparent substrate.

[0014] As detailed in the description, the addition of such a reflective layer makes it possible to increase the reflection at the level of the textured pattern, and therefore improves its visibility from a bird's eye view.

[0015] According to a particular embodiment, said at least one reflective layer is arranged on the internal face of the external transparent substrate.

[0016] According to a particular embodiment, said at least one reflective layer is composed of silicon nitride and / or MOx oxide (M= Si, Sn, Zn) and / or metal M (M=Ni, Cr, Ti, Ag)

[0017] According to a particular embodiment, the Weber fraction “wi” representing the sensitivity of a cone “i” of the retina of a bird is selected according to the following specific values: W1 = 0.2; W2 = 0.14142; W3 = 0.14142; W4 = 0.1.

[0018] Such a set of Weber fractions corresponds to the typical sensitivity of a bird. The selection of such a set of Weber fractions therefore makes it possible to provide an anti-collision pattern whose visibility is excellent for the vast majority of avian species.

[0019] According to a particular embodiment, said pattern comprises wavy or rectilinear bands.

[0020] According to a particular embodiment, said pattern comprises points.

[0021] The invention also relates to a method comprising a step of manufacturing such multi-glazing.

[0022] According to particular embodiments, the texturing of the outer face to obtain the anti-collision pattern can be carried out by any known texturing method, for example by embossing the surface of the substrate previously heated to a temperature at which it is possible to deform it, in particular by rolling by means of a roller having on its surface a texturing complementary to the texturing to be formed on the substrate; by abrasion by means of abrasive particles or surfaces, in particular by sandblasting; by chemical treatment, in particular acid treatment in the case of a glass substrate; by molding, in particular injection molding in the case of a thermoplastic polymer substrate; by etching.

[0023] The invention also relates to a method comprising a step of mounting at least one such multi-glazing unit in a building, on a facade and / or roof.

[0024] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of particular embodiments, given as simple illustrative and non-limiting examples, and the appended figures, for which: - [Fig.l] [[Fig.l]] is a schematic sectional view of multiple glazing according to a particular embodiment of the invention, - [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is a schematic sectional view of multiple glazing according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

[0025] The various elements illustrated by the figures are not represented to actual scale, the emphasis being placed on representing the general operation of the invention. In particular, the dimensioning of the texturing of the outer face of the multiple glazing is significantly amplified. In reality, the detail of such texturing cannot be distinguished with the naked eye. According to the same logic, the exact path of the incident solar rays within the multiple glazing is not detailed - in particular the angular deviations that can be generated at each interface - the diagram focusing more on the illustration of the diffuse reflection generated at the pattern level, as opposed to the specular reflection generated at the background level.

[0026] According to a particular embodiment and as illustrated by [Fig. 1], the invention relates to a multiple glazing unit 1 adapted to be mounted in a building, on the facade and / or on the roof, comprising at least one exterior laminated glazing unit 2 and one interior glazing unit 3 separated by a gas blade 4 and intended respectively to be arranged towards the exterior and the interior of the building. In [Fig.l], a sun and a bird are positioned outside the building, while an observer is positioned inside. The exterior laminated glazing 2 comprises at least one lamination interlayer 5 made of PVB (poly(vinyl butyral)), interposed between an interior transparent substrate 6 coated with an electrochromic stack 7 in contact with said gas blade 4, and an exterior transparent substrate 8 comprising on its exterior face a textured pattern 9 - two subsets of which are illustrated in [Fig.l] - which contrasts with a background 10.A reflective layer 11 is arranged on the inner face of the outer transparent substrate 8.

[0027] Each of said transparent substrates may be made of transparent polymer, transparent glass, or transparent ceramic.

[0028] According to an alternative embodiment illustrated by [Fig.2], the multi-glazing 1 differs from that described above and illustrated in [Fig.l] in that the electrochromic stack 7 is deposited on the interior transparent substrate 6, on the side of the lamination interlayer 5.

[0029] According to an alternative embodiment not illustrated, the electrochromic stack 7 is deposited on the inner face of the outer transparent substrate 8, on the side of the lamination interlayer 5.

[0030] In order to highlight the diffusing effect generated at the level of the textured pattern 9, two incident solar light rays RI and R2 are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. The first ray RI passes through the external transparent substrate 8 at the level of the bottom 10. The interface being smooth at this location, as opposed to the textured interface of the pattern 9, the ray RI is transmitted and reflected specularly by the surface. The part of the ray RI reflected by the glazing is thus invisible to the bird, which therefore does not see this background area 10 of the outer face 8. By contrast, the second ray R2 passes through the outer transparent substrate 8 at a subset of the textured pattern 9. The second ray R2 is then transmitted and reflected diffusely, that is to say in a plurality of directions. A part of the rays reflected diffusely can then be perceived by the bird, which then distinguishes a pattern 9, by contrast with the background 10.

[0031] In order to better understand what is perceived by the bird, it is appropriate to detail the composition of the light spectrum perceived on the one hand at the level of the pattern 9, and on the other hand at the level of the background 10. In general, the spectrum observed by the bird can be considered as being the sum of the diffuse light leaving the building and the sunlight reflected diffusely by the multi-glazing.

[0032] At the bottom 10, which is a smooth interface, the reflection is specular and can therefore be neglected. As for the diffuse light leaving the building, it can be estimated that it corresponds to the sunlight transmitted into the building, reflected diffusely on the interior walls and retransmitted to the outside. The “BKG” spectrum of background 10 as seen by the bird is therefore as follows: B KG = %T_windowA2 * %R_wall Where %T_window is the overall transmission of the glazing, Where %R_wall can be considered as a fixed value of 40%, assuming that the interior walls of the building reflect 40% of the solar radiation (albedo).

[0033] At pattern 9, which is a textured interface, the reflection is diffuse and must therefore be added. As for the diffuse light coming out of the building, it is transmitted diffusely by pattern 9. The “PTRN” spectrum of pattern 9 as seen by the bird is therefore as follows: PTRN= %T_windowA2 * %R_wall + %R_pattern Where %R_pattem is its diffuse reflection at said pattern 9.

[0034] According to the invention, the textured pattern 9 is characterized in that: - each subset of said pattern 9 is separated from an adjacent subset by a distance of less than 5.08 cm, and - said pattern 9 has, with respect to the background 10, a visibility score “SCORE” greater than or equal to 0, and which satisfies the equation: SCORE = 0.85*AS + 0.15*AL

[0035] According to this particular embodiment, the Weber fraction “wi” representing the sensitivity of a cone “i” of the retina of a bird is selected according to the following specific values: W1 = 0.2; W2 = 0.14142; W3 = 0.14142; W4 = 0.1

[0036] As indicated previously, the value of this SCORE depends directly on the sensory response (Q; Qi) of the bird's retina, one of the components of which "S" is the value of the observed spectrum.

[0037] This allows for a better understanding of the advantage provided by the implementation of an electrochromic stack 7, in combination with the anti-collision pattern 9. This electrochromic stack, by becoming tinted, will cause a significant reduction in the light transmission through the multi-glazing (%T_window). With reference to the previously given definitions of the spectra of pattern 9 (“PTRN”) and background 10 (“BKG”), it is understood that when the light transmission decreases, the first part of the spectrum calculation (%T_windowA2 * %R_wall) tends towards 0. The “BKG” spectrum of background 10 then tends towards 0, while the “PTRN” spectrum of pattern 9 tends towards the diffuse reflection value “%R_pattem” of pattern 9, hence an increase in the contrast perceived by the bird between pattern 9 and background 10. When the electrochromic stack switches to its tinted state, the anti-collision pattern 9 is consequently more visible to the bird.

[0038] Still with reference to the previously given definitions of the spectra of pattern 9 (“PTRN”) and background 10 (“BKG”), it is understood that the addition of a reflective layer 11 makes it possible to increase the diffuse reflection at the level of pattern 9 (“%R_pattern”). Although the specular reflection at the level of background 10 is also increased, this has no impact on the perception thereof by the bird, due to its specular nature. The contrast perceived by the bird between pattern 9 and background 10 is therefore increased by the addition of the reflective layer 11, which therefore makes the anti-collision pattern 9 more visible.

[0039] The visual functions Ri and R implemented for the present invention are detailed in Table 1 [Tables 1] below, as a function of the wavelength X: Visua 1 Achromatic A RI R2 R3 R4 Rachro 300 0,00E+00 0 0 0 l,99E-06 301 0,00E+00 0 0 0 2,36E-06 302 0,006+00 0 0 0 2,95E-06 303 0,0ÛE+00 0 0 0 3,85E-06 304 Û,00E-00 0 0 0 5,25E-06 305 0,00E+00 0 0 0 7,38E^06 306 0,006+00 0 0 0 1.06E-O5 307 Û,OÛE+ÛÛ 0 0 0 1,54E-ÛS 308 0.006+00 0 0 0 2.27E-05 309 0.00E+00 0 0 0 3.30E-05 310 0.ÛÛE+0Û 0 Û 0 4.67E-05 311 0.006+00 0 0 0 6.38E-05 312 O,OOE+OÛ 0 0 Û 8.30E-05 313 ​​Û,ÛÙE+ÛÛ 0 0 0 l,Û3E-04 314 0.00E+00 0 0 Û 1.23E-Û4 315 0.00E+00 0 0 0 l,42E-04 316 2.33 E-05 0 0 0 1.596-04 317 1.49E-04 0 0 Ù 1.75E-04 318 2,726-04 0 0 0 1.88E-04 319 3,92E-04 0 0 0 2,00E-04 320 5,116 04 0 0 Ù 2,10E-04 321 6,2 / 6 04 0 0 0 2,19E-04 322 7,41E-Ù4 0 0 0 2,27E-04 323 8,536 04 0 0 0 2,35E-04 324 9,62E-04 0 0 0 2,42E-04 325 l,07E-03 0 0 0 2,49E-04 326 1.17E-03 0 0 AND 2.56E-04 327 l.28E-03 0 0 0 2.62E-04 328 l.38E-03 0 0 0 2.68E-04 329 l.48E-03 0 0 0 2.74E-04 330 1,576-03 0 0 0 2.80E-Û4 331 l,67E-03 0 0 0 2,866-04 332 1, / 6E 03 0 0 0 2,926-04 333 1.85E-03 0 0 0 2,976-04 334 l,95E-03 0 0 0 3,036-04 335 2,04L 03 0 0 0 3,086-04 336 2,126-03 0 0 Û 3,13E-04 337 2,21E-03 0 0 0 3,186-04 338 2,30E-03 0 0 Û 3.23E-Û4 339 2,396-03 0 0 Û 3,28E-04 340 2,48E-03 0 0 Û 3,336-04 341 2,566-03 0 0 Û 3.38E-04 342 2,656-03 0 0 0 3.43E-04 343 2 / 74E-03 0 0 0 3.48E-04 344 2,836-03 0 0 Û 3.53E-04 345 2,926-03 0 0 0 3.59E-04 346 3,016-03 0 0 0 3.646-04 347 3,116-03 0 0 0 3.69 E-04 348 3,206-03 0 0 0 3.74E-04 349 3,30E-03 0 0 0 3.78E-04 350' 3.4ÛE-Û3 0 0 Û 3.83E-Î4 351 3.506-03 0 0 0 3.87E-04 352 3.61E-03 0 0 0 3.92E-04 353 • iL J.' 0 0 0 3.956-04 354 3.82E-03 0 0 0 3.99E-04 355 3.936-03 0 0 0 4.036-04 356 4.05E-03 0 0 Î 4.056-04 . 357 4,17E-Û3 0 0 0 4,07E-04 353 4,29E-03 0 0 0 4,10E-04 359 4,41E-Û3 0 0 0 4,12E-04 360 4,54E-Q3 0 0 0 4,14E-04 361 4.67E-03 0 0 0 4.15E-04 362 4.80E-03 0 0 0 4.16E-04 363 4.94E-03 0 0 0 4.17E-04 364 5.07 E-03 0 0 0 4.18E-04 365 5.22E-03 0 0 0 4.19E-04 366 5.36E-03 0 0 0 4.2ÛE-Û4 367 5.51E-03 0 0 0 4.21L 04 368 5.65E-03 0 0 0 4.23E-04: 369 5.8ÛE-Û3 0 0 0 4.23E-04 37ÛÏ 5.96 L 03 0 0 0 4.24E-04 371 6.11E-O3 0 0 0 4.25E-04 372 6.27E-03 0 0 0 4.26E-04 373 6.43E-03 0 0 Û 4.26E-Û4 374 6.58Ë-03 0 0 0 4.265-04 375 6.74E-03 0 0 Ù 4.26E-04 376 6.91E-03: 0 0 Ù 4.26E-04 377 . ù ' L .J ■ 0 0 0 4.25E-04 378 7.23E-03; 0 Ù 0 4.24E-04 379 7.39 E-03 0 0 0 4.23E-04 380 7.55E-03 0 0 0 4>22E-04 381 7.71E-Ù3 0 0 0 4.21E-04 382 7.87E-Ù3 0 0 0 4.19E-04 383 8.03E-03 0 0 0 4.17E-04 384 8.19 E-03 0 0 0 4.16E-04 385 ■ 0 0 Ù 4.14E-04 386 8.50E-03 0 0 0 4.12E-04 387 8.66E-03 0 0 0 4.09E-04 388 8.81E-03 0 0 0 4.O7E-04 389 8.95E-03 0 0 0 4.O4E-04 390 9.10E-03 0 0 0 4.02E-04 391 9.24E-03 0 0 0 3,99E-04 392 9.38E-03 0 0 0 4.O2E-04: 393 9.52E-03 0 0 0 4.09E-Û4 394 9.65E-03 0 0 0 4.16E-04 395 9.786-03 0 0 Û 4.23E-04 396 9.91E-03 0 0 0 4.29E-04 397 l.00E-Û2 0 0 Û 4.35E-Û4 398 1.016-02 0 0 0 4.41E-04 399 l.03E-02 0 0 Û 4.46E-04 400 1.Û4E 02 0 0 Û 4.51E-04 401. 1,056-02 0 0 0 4.56E-04 402 l,06E-02 0 0 0 4,61E-04 403 l,07E-02 0 0 0 4,65E-04 404 1,076-02 0 .0 0 4,696-04 405 l,08E-02 0 0 0 4,73E-04 406 1,09 E-02 0 0 0 4,76E-04 407 l,10E-02 0 0 0 4,79E-04 408 l,10E-02 0 0 0 4,97E-04 409 1.11E-02 0 0 And 5.17E-04 410 1.116-02 0 0 0 5.36E-04 411 l.12E-02 0 0 0 5.55E-04 412 1.12E-02 0 0 0 5.73E-04 413 1.12E-02 0 0 0 5,91E-04 414 l,13E-02 0 0 0 6,09E-04 415 l,13E-02 0 0 And 6,27E-04. 416 1.13E-Î2 0 0 0 6.44E-04 417 1.. 13 L 02 0 0 0 6.62E-04 418 1.125-02 0 0 0 6.79E-04 419 l.12E-02 0 0 0 6.96E-04 420 1.125 02 0 0 Î 7.14E-04 421 1.115-02 0 0 0 / .315 04 422 1.11E-02 0 0 0 7.48E-04 423 1.105-02 0 0 0 7.66E-04 424 1.105-02 0 Î 0 7.83E-04 425 l,09E-02 0 0 0 8,Û1E-Û4 426 1,085 02 0 0 0 8,18E-04 427 1,075-02 0 0 0 8.36E-04 428 1,Û6E-Û2 1E-Û8 0 0 8,54E-04 429 l,05E-Û2 2E-08 0 0 8,726-04 430 1,045-02 7E-08 0 Û 8,91E-04 431 1,Û2E-Û2 0,0000002 G 0 9,1ÛE-O4 432 l,01E-02 5,5E-Û7 0 Û 9.29E-04 433 9.945-03 l.37E-06 0 0 9.49E-04 434 9.78E-03 3.17E-06 0 0 9.67E-04 435 9.61E-03: 6.845 06 0 Ù 9.86E-04 436 9.435-03 1.3865-05 0 0 1.Ù0E-03 437 9.25E-03 2.6445-05 G 0 l.02E-03 438 9.065-03 0.0000478 0 Ù 1.045 03 439 8.865-03 8.2235-05 G 0 1,Û6E-O3 440 8,65E-03 0,0001352 0 0 1,07E-03 441 8,445-03 0,0002131 0 0 1,095-03 442 8,225-03 0,0003233 0 0 l,10E-03 443 7,99E-03 0,0004737 G 0 l,12E-03 444 7.76E-03 0,000672 0 And 1,14E 03 445 7,525-03 0,0009257 0 0 l,15E-03 446 7,285-03 0,0012411 0 0 l,17E-03 447 7,045-03 . 0 0 l,24E-03 451 6.045-03 0.0038503 0 0 1.265-03 452 5.785-03 0.0045716 0 0 1.295-03 453 5.535-03 0.0053479 0 0 1.315 03 454 5.285-03 0.006171 G 0 l.33E-03 455 5.035-03 0.0070318 G 0 1.365-03 456 4.785-03 0.0079203 0 Û 1.38E-Û3 457 4.545-03 0.0088266 G Û 1.41E-03 458 4.30E-03 0.0097403 0 Ï 1.44E-03 459 4.065 03 0.0106519 0 Ï 1.47E-03 460 3.835-03 0.0115518 0 0 1.50E-03 461 3.605-03: 0.0124314 0 0 l.54E-03 462 3.385-03 0.0132831 0 Ï 1.5 / 5 03 463 3.175-03 0.0140998 0 0 1.615-03 464 •.. 0 0 l,76E-03 468 0,0174841 0 And l,80E-03: 469 2,065-03 0,0179985 0 0 l,85E-03 470 1,905-03 0,0184549 0 0 l,89E-03 471 1,755-03 0.018853 0 0 1.945-03 472 1.61E-O3 0.0191932 G 0 1.98E-O3 473 1.485-03 0.019476 0 0 2.03E-03 474 l.36E-03 0.0197027 0 Ù 2.085-03 . <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">475 1,246-03 0,0198746 0 0 2,13E-03 476 1,14 L-03 0,0199935: 0 0 2,18E-03 477 1,046-03 0,0200613 0 0 2,24E-O3 478 9,44 E-04 0,0200801 0 0 2,29E-O3 479 8,59E-Û4 0,0200522 0 0 2,35E-03 480 7,81E-04 0,01998 0 0 2,40E-03 481 7,09É-04 0,0198658 0 0 2.46E-03 482 6.43E-04 0.0197121 0 0 2.52E-03 483 5.82E-04 0.0195214 0 0 2.58E-03 484 5.27E-04 0.0192962 0 0 2,64E-Û3 485? 4.77E-04 0.0190389 0 0 2.7E-03 486 4.31E-04 0.018752 0 0 2.77E-03 487 3.89E-Û4 0.0184378 Û 0 2.83E-Û3 488 3.51E-04 0.0180987 0 0 2.90E-03 489 3.166-04 0.0177369 1E-08 0 2.97E-03 490 2.85E-Û4 0.0173548 3E-Ô8 0 3.4E-03 491 2,56E-04 0.0169544 9E-08 Û 3.11E-Û3 492 2.316-04 0.0165378 2.3E-07 0 3.18E-03 493 2.08E-04 0.0161072 5.6E-07 0 3.25E-03 494 1.87E-04 0.0156643 1.24E-06 Û 3.32E-O3 495 1.686-04 0.015211 0.0000026 0 3.40E-03 496 l,51E-04 0,0147493 5,19E-06 0 3,47E-03 497 1,36E 04 0,0142807 9,84E-06 Ï 3,55E-03 498 1,226 04 0,013807 l,781E-05 0 3,62E-03 499 l,10E-04 0,0133296 3,Ï88E-05 0 3,70E-03 500 9,856-05 0,0128502 5,146E-05 0 3,77E-03 501 8,856-05 0,0123702 8.263E-05 0 3.85E-03 502 7.95E-05 0.0118908 0.0001282 0 3.93E-03 503 7.14 E-05 0.0114135 0.0001926 Ï 4.01E-03 504 6.426-05: 0.0109393 0.0002809 0 4.08E-03 505 5.77E-05 0.0104696 0.0003985 0 4.16E-03 506 5.18E-05 0.0100054 0.0005511 0 4.24E-03 507 4.666-05 0.0095477 0.0007442 0 4.32E-03 508 4.19E-05 0.0090975 0.0009829 0 4.39E-03 509 3. / 6E 05 0.0086556 0.0012718 0 4.4 / E 03 510 3.386-05 0.008223 . 2,466-05 0.0069875 0.0029822 0 4.78E-03 514 2.22E-05 0.0065986 0.0035508 0 4.86E-03 515 1.996-05 0.0062221 0.0041719 Î 4.93E-Î3 516 1.806-05 0.0058582 0.0048411 0 5.01E-03 517 l.62E-05 0.0055075 0.0055532 Î 5.08E-03 518 1.466-05 0.0051701 0.0063019 Î 5.15E-03 519 1.316-05. 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[0040] Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it is obvious that various other changes and modifications may be made within the spirit and scope of the invention. The present text is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Claims Multi-glazing (1) suitable for being mounted in a building, on the facade and / or on the roof, comprising at least one exterior laminated glazing (2) and one interior glazing (3) separated by a gas blade (4) and intended respectively to be arranged towards the outside and the inside of the building, said exterior laminated glazing (2) comprising at least one electrochromic stack (7) and a lamination interlayer (5), preferably made of polymer material, even more preferably made of PVB, interposed between an interior transparent substrate (6) and an exterior transparent substrate (8) comprising on its exterior face a textured pattern (9) which contrasts with a background (10), said pattern (9) being characterized in that: - each subset of said pattern (9) is separated from an adjacent subset by a distance of less than 10.16 cm, preferably less than 5.08 cm, - said pattern (9) has, in relation to the background (10), a visibility score “SCORE” greater than or equal to 0, and which satisfies the equation: SCORE = 0.85*AS + 0.15*AL Where AS is the chromatic contrast and satisfies the equation [Math. 1] “wi” is the Weber fraction representing the sensitivity of a cone “i” of a bird’s retina, with Wi = 0.2; w2 = 0.14142; w3 = 0.14142; w4 = 0.1, Where “Afi” is the actual perceptual difference between said pattern (9) and the background (10), Where "fi" satisfies the equation: fi = In (Qi / Qi_ref) where Qi is the sensory response of a cone "i" of a bird's retina and satisfies the equation [Math. 2] Where “X” is the wavelength, “S” is the spectrum considered, “I” is the illuminant D65 according to the EN410 standard which describes the average solar spectrum and “Ri” is the sensitivity spectrum of said cone “i”, Where “Qi_ref” corresponds to “Qi” with S equal to 1, Where “AL” is the achromatic contrast and satisfies the equation: AL = Af_achromatic / w_achromatic Where “w_achromatic” is equal to 0.1 is the Weber fraction representing the achromatic sensitivity of a bird’s retina, Where “Af_achromatic” is the difference in real achromatic perception between said pattern and the background, Where “f_achromatic” satisfies the equation: f_achromatic = In (Q / Q_ref) Where Q is the achromatic sensory response of a bird’s retina and satisfies the equation [Math. 3] Q = ( h Where “R” is the achromatic sensitivity spectrum, Where “Q_ref” corresponds to “Q” with “S” equal to 1.

2. Multi-glazing (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said inner transparent substrate (6) is coated with said electrochromic stack (7), said electrochromic stack being preferentially in contact with said gas blade (4)

3. Multi-glazing (1) according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises at least one reflective layer (11) arranged between the inner transparent substrate (6) and the external face of the outer transparent substrate (8).

4. Multi-glazing (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that said at least one reflective layer (11) is arranged on the internal face of the external transparent substrate (8).

5. Multi-glazing (1) according to one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that said at least one reflective layer (11) is composed of silicon nitride and / or MOx oxide (M= Si, Sn, Zn) and / or metal M (M=Ni, Cr, Ti, Ag)

6. Multi-glazing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said pattern (9) comprises wavy or rectilinear bands.

7. Multi-glazing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said pattern (9) comprises dots.

8. Method comprising a step of manufacturing a multi-glazing unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7.

9. Method comprising a step of mounting in a building, on a facade and / or on a roof, at least one multi-glazing unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7.

Images