A fuel tank filling system, a battery cooling device, and a vehicle equipped with such a device

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for filling (2) a liquid tank (30), comprising: - a filling chamber (11) connected to the inside of the tank, - a means (13) for detecting non-conforming liquid in the filling chamber, - a safety means (90, 95) adapted to block the liquid in the filling chamber and / or to emit an alert signal to the technician, - a computer adapted to control the safety means based on the conformity of the liquid detected in the filling chamber by the detection means. According to the invention, the filling chamber is connected to the inside of the tank by a siphon (101) and is delimited by a side wall (15) that is at least partially cylindrical, and a piston adapted to slide along said side wall is provided to push the liquid from the filling chamber towards the inside of the tank. Figure for the abstract: Fig. 3

Description

Title of the invention: Tank filling system, battery cooling device, and vehicle equipped with such a device Technical field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates generally to the leveling of fluid in motor vehicles.

[0002] It relates more particularly to a system for filling a liquid reservoir fitted to a motor vehicle.

[0003] It also relates to a cooling device for a battery of accumulators, comprising a cooling circuit and such a filling system.

[0004] It also relates to a motor vehicle equipped with this cooling device. State of the art

[0005] Different types of fluids are used in motor vehicles for different purposes (coolant, fuel, urea, devitalized water, etc.). As a general rule, a separate reservoir is provided for each fluid.

[0006] Typically, in hybrid or electric vehicles equipped with an electric motor powered by a battery of accumulators, it is planned to cool this battery using a circuit including a coolant reservoir.

[0007] Each liquid has particular properties and it is important not to fill a tank with a liquid that is not suitable for the function assigned to it.

[0008] In the above example, it is essential that the liquid used be of the dielectric type to avoid any short circuit in the battery.

[0009] Currently, it is known to place around the opening through which the liquid is introduced into the tank many safety markings, inviting the technician in charge of this filling to carefully check that the liquid he uses conforms to the manufacturer's recommendations.

[0010] Unfortunately, even so, it sometimes happens that a non-compliant liquid is introduced into the tank. Presentation of the invention

[0011] It is in this context that the present invention proposes a system for checking that a liquid to be introduced into a reservoir conforms to the requirements.

[0012] More specifically, the invention proposes a system for filling a liquid reservoir fitted to a motor vehicle, comprising: - a filling chamber which has an opening through which a technician can introduce liquid into the filling chamber, which is delimited by a side wall that is at least partially cylindrical, and which is connected to the inside of the tank by a siphon, - a means of detecting non-conforming liquid in the filling chamber, - a suitable safety device to block the liquid in the filling chamber and / or to emit an alert signal to the technician, - a computer adapted to control the safety device based on the conformity of the liquid detected in the filling chamber by the detection device, - a piston adapted to slide along the side wall of the filling chamber to push the liquid from the filling chamber into the inside of the tank.

[0013] Thus, thanks to the invention, introducing the liquid into the filling chamber does not allow the tank to be filled directly. On the contrary, the liquid remains trapped in the filling chamber by the siphon. The piston is then designed to allow, after it has been verified that the liquid has the required properties, the liquid to be pushed back into the tank. The invention thus prevents a non-compliant liquid from being accidentally introduced into the tank.

[0014] Other advantageous and non-limiting features of the filling system according to the invention, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations, are as follows: - the piston has a venting passage equipped with a non-return valve, allowing the piston to be removed from the filling chamber without generating suction; - said safety means includes a valve adapted to have an open position in which it allows liquid to pass from the filling chamber into the inside of the tank and a closed position in which it blocks the passage of liquid from the filling chamber into the inside of the tank; - said safety means includes at least one indicator light adapted to turn on or off, and / or at least one display adapted to display an alert message, depending on the conformity of the liquid detected in the filling chamber by the detection means; - a liquid recovery circuit is planned, which includes a recovery tank adapted to store a volume of liquid at least equal to the volume of said tank; - a liquid recovery neck is planned around at least part of said mouth, which is connected to the recovery tank; - the recovery tank includes a means of detecting the liquid level and a drain plug.

[0015] The invention also relates to a device for cooling a battery of accumulators, comprising: - a waterproof case housing at least part of the battery pack, - a cooling circuit comprising a coolant reservoir, a heat exchanger and a pump adapted to circulate the coolant from the reservoir through the heat exchanger and the sealed housing, and - a tank filling system as described above.

[0016] Preferably, a means for detecting non-conforming liquid in the cooling circuit or in the sealed housing is provided, and the cooling circuit includes a valve adapted to send the coolant into the recovery tank.

[0017] The invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising a battery of accumulators and a battery cooling device as mentioned above.

[0018] Of course, the various features, variants, and embodiments of the invention can be combined in various ways, provided they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive. Detailed description of the invention

[0019] The following description with regard to the attached drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, will make it clear what the invention consists of and how it can be carried out.

[0020] On the attached drawings:

[0021] [Fig.1] is a schematic perspective view of a battery cooling device according to the invention;

[0022] [Fig.2] is a schematic cross-sectional view of a closure system for a filling chamber of the cooling device of the [Fig.1];

[0023] [Fig.3] is a schematic cross-sectional view of the filling chamber and reservoir of the cooling device of [Fig.1];

[0024] [Fig.4] is a schematic cross-sectional view of the accumulator battery of [Fig.1] and its surroundings.

[0025] In [Fig.1], a cooling device 1 of a battery of accumulators 9 ([Fig.4]) equipping a motor vehicle is shown.

[0026] This motor vehicle could be of any type (car, truck, boat, plane).

[0027] This refers to a land vehicle, and preferably a car.

[0028] This vehicle is electrically propelled in that it includes an electric motor that allows it to move forward. It may optionally be of the hybrid type and therefore also include an internal combustion engine.

[0029] The battery 9 is here connected to the electric motor in order to supply it with electric current.

[0030] This battery of accumulators 9 is likely to heat up not only during the phases of use of the electric motor, but also and especially during the phases of charging the battery, when the electrical power used in this regard is high.

[0031] This is why a cooling device 1 is provided for this battery of accumulators.

[0032] As a preliminary point, it should be noted that the terms top and bottom, or upper and lower, will be used in the following taking into account the normal orientation of this cooling device, when it is installed in the motor vehicle and the latter is on a horizontal road.

[0033] This cooling device 1 first comprises a sealed housing 60 (or "casing") in which the battery 9 is placed (Figures 1 and 4). This housing is described as sealed in that it can contain a dielectric coolant in such a way that the latter does not escape unintentionally. It also has openings to allow the intentional introduction and removal of coolant.

[0034] The coolant in which the battery 9 is immersed is designed to limit the heating of this battery 9. It is dielectric to prevent the generation of electrical short circuits. Indeed, the electrical contacts of the battery cells are immersed in this coolant, and it is therefore essential that this fluid not be electrically conductive.

[0035] The cooling device 1 includes a cooling circuit 4 which allows the liquid to circulate through this sealed housing 60, and a filling system 2 which allows the liquid to be filled and / or leveled in the cooling circuit 4.

[0036] As clearly shown in [Fig. 1], the cooling circuit 4 first includes a reservoir 30 which defines a coolant storage volume. This reservoir 30 is designed to hold several liters of liquid (approximately 7 liters).

[0037] The cooling circuit 4 further includes a pump 70 for forcing the liquid to circulate in the cooling circuit 4 and through the sealed housing 60. It also includes a heat exchanger 50 to reduce the temperature of the coolant passing through it.

[0038] It should be noted here that, starting from the reservoir 30, the liquid first passes through the pump 70, then through the sealed housing 60, and finally through the heat exchanger 50 before returning to the reservoir 30 (thus forming a closed loop). Of course, alternatively, the pump could have been located elsewhere, for example between the sealed housing and the heat exchanger.

[0039] The cooling circuit 4 also includes conduits, for example in the form of hoses, including: - a first hose 104 which connects the tank 30 to the pump 70, - a second hose 105 which connects the pump to the waterproof housing 60 ([Fig.4]), - a third hose 103 which connects the sealed housing to the heat exchanger 50, - a fourth hose 102 that connects the heat exchanger to the reservoir 30.

[0040] When the coolant heats up, it expands. Since the reservoir is preferably only partially filled, the volume of air in the reservoir can be compressed accordingly. Figure 3 shows that the reservoir 30 has a vertically elongated window, on which two minimum and maximum coolant levels are indicated. This window allows the user to visually check whether the cooling system contains enough coolant and whether the level is too high.

[0041] However, in case of a problem, the cooling circuit 4 includes a relief valve 39 adapted to open automatically in case of excessive pressure. This pressure relief valve 39 is located here in the upper part of the reservoir (see [Fig. 3]).

[0042] The filling system 2 illustrated in figures 1 to 3 allows the reservoir 30 to be filled with dielectric coolant.

[0043] This filling device 2 is special in that it prevents a non-dielectric liquid from being introduced into the reservoir 30.

[0044] As shown in [Fig.3], it comprises for this purpose: - a jar 10 which internally delimits a filling chamber 11 connected to the reservoir 30 by a siphon 101, - a piston 25 ([Fig.2]) adapted to push the liquid from the filling chamber 11 into the interior of the reservoir 30 via the siphon 101, - a means 13 for detecting non-conforming liquid in the filling chamber 11, and - a safety means 90, 95 adapted to activate when the liquid introduced into the filling chamber 11 is non-compliant.

[0045] In practice, the jar 10 is of the concentric double-walled type.

[0046] It thus comprises an internal side wall 15 whose inner face is preferably cylindrical of revolution around a longitudinal axis and which is closed at its lower end by a bottom 16 extending preferably orthogonally to the longitudinal axis.

[0047] It also includes an external side wall 17 which is closed at its lower end by a bottom 18 and which extends at a distance from the internal side wall 15. The bottom 18 also extends at a distance from the bottom 16. The two walls thus delimit between themselves a volume whose function will be described below.

[0048] The internal side wall 15 has an opening 15A which preferably is flush with the bottom 16 and which forms the entrance to the siphon 101.

[0049] The objective of this siphon is to prevent the liquid introduced into the filling chamber 11 from flowing directly into the reservoir 30.

[0050] For this purpose, the siphon 101 opens into the upper part of the reservoir 30 by means of an outlet 35 whose lowest point is located above the highest point of the aforementioned opening 15A.

[0051] Here, the reservoir 30 and the jar 10 are located at similar heights. The siphon 101 then forms an S so as to extend from the bottom of the filling chamber to the top of the reservoir.

[0052] The filling chamber 11 is open upwards to form a mouth 12.

[0053] It is designed to be closed, if necessary, by a closure system 20 which includes, firstly, a cap 21 (see [Fig.2]). The inner side wall 15 of the jar 10 has, for this purpose, on its upper end side, a thread 12A projecting on its outer face.

[0054] The cap 21 has a body 22 in the shape of an inverted cup, which has an internal thread 22A allowing it to be screwed onto the thread 12A.

[0055] The closure system 20 further includes the aforementioned piston 25, the function of which is to push the coolant from the filling chamber 11 into the interior of the reservoir 30. The internal side wall 15 of the jar 10 is profiled for this purpose, which allows the piston 25 to slide inside it.

[0056] In practice, as shown in [Fig.2], this piston 25 is assembled to the plug 21.

[0057] It is in the form of a cylindrical rod of revolution of equal diameter, at close to the clearance, at the diameter of the filling chamber 11. It carries on its lower end side at least one O-ring 28 (here it has two), to ensure that the liquid is properly pushed towards the reservoir 30 and does not pass between the piston and the internal side wall 15.

[0058] Its upper end is here engaged and fixed through a central opening provided in the body 22 of the cap 21.

[0059] When the piston 25 descends into the filling chamber 11, it pushes the liquid towards the reservoir. Conversely, when it is withdrawn from the filling chamber, it is preferable that it does not generate an air intake (this air intake could prevent the piston from being withdrawn from the filling chamber 11).

[0060] A through hole 26 is then provided which extends from one end to the other of the piston 25, and which is equipped with a non-return valve 27. This valve remains naturally closed when the piston descends into the filling chamber 11 (and the relative pressure between this chamber and the outside is positive), but it opens naturally when the piston exits the filling chamber 11 (and the relative pressure is negative).

[0061] As stated above, the filling system 2 includes a detection means 13 for detecting non-conforming liquid in the filling chamber 11.

[0062] This detection means 13 is here formed by a sensor adapted to measure the resistance and / or impedance and / or conductivity of the liquid introduced into the filling chamber 11.

[0063] It is preferably located on the bottom 16 of the filling chamber 11.

[0064] This sensor is adapted to deliver a signal that is different depending on whether the liquid conforms to the required specifications or not.

[0065] More specifically here, this signal differs depending on whether the resistance of the liquid introduced into the filling chamber 11 measured between two distinct points is greater than or less than a predetermined threshold.

[0066] This threshold will preferably be between the conductivity of a dielectric fluid (approximately 0.002 S.m1) and that of water (0.02 Sm'). Typically, it may be 0.005 S.mA

[0067] It is preferably coupled with a fluid presence sensor. Thus, this pair of sensors makes it possible to determine whether a liquid is present in the filling chamber 11 and whether this liquid is dielectric.

[0068] As also stated above, the filling system 2 includes a safety means to prevent the filling of the tank 30 by a non-compliant liquid and / or to warn the technician in charge of this filling that the liquid which he has introduced into the filling chamber 11 is non-compliant.

[0069] As shown in [Fig. 3], this safety device comprises a valve 90 that can assume at least two stable positions. Here, it is a monostable solenoid valve (it could alternatively be bistable). In a first stable position (called the closed position), it blocks the passage between the filling chamber 11 and the reservoir 30. In a second activated position (called the open position), this valve 90 leaves the passage open between the filling chamber 11 and tank 30.

[0070] This valve could take many different forms. As shown in [Fig.3], it is a globe valve.

[0071] The safety means further includes an indicator 95 enabling the user to view the position of the valve 90. Here, it more precisely includes two light-emitting diodes, a green diode which lights up when the valve is in the open position and a red diode which lights up when the valve is in the closed position.

[0072] Alternatively, the safety means could comprise only a display screen or a means for emitting an audible alarm, which activates when the liquid detected in the filling chamber is not compliant.

[0073] The cooling device 1 is preferably equipped with a computer 3 ([Fig.l] ) to control in particular the valve 90 and the indicator light 95 according to the signal emitted by the detection means 13.

[0074] This computer includes a processor, memory, and various input and output interfaces. Alternatively, it could include a programmable logic circuit.

[0075] Thanks to its input interfaces, the computer 3 is adapted to receive the data measured by the detection means 13 in order to determine whether a liquid is in the filling chamber and whether it is compliant or not.

[0076] Thanks to its output interfaces, the computer is adapted to control valve 90 and indicator light 95.

[0077] Thanks to its memory, the computer stores a computer application, consisting of computer programs comprising instructions whose execution by the processor allows the computer to implement the process described below. In the variant where it includes programmable logic, its logic gates are "programmed" to implement this process.

[0078] This calculator 3 is specifically programmed to, when it detects a dielectric liquid in the filling chamber, open the valve 90 and otherwise keep it closed.

[0079] Preferably, the cooling device 1 includes a liquid recovery tank 80.

[0080] This recovery tank 80 allows a liquid to be stored that one would like to evacuate, preventing this liquid from falling onto the road.

[0081] In other words, this recovery tank 80 has a function as a retention basin.

[0082] As will be described below, it can be used not only to purge the cooling circuit 4, but also to receive liquid from the filling system 2.

[0083] In [Fig.4], this recovery tank 80 forms the support for the sealed housing 60. It is therefore placed underneath it and is screwed in, for example.

[0084] In practice, this tank may be formed by the sealed housing (or “battery housing”), which will for this purpose have a double wall or a double bottom.

[0085] The recovery tank 80 is presented here in the form of a hollow parallelepiped plate (see [Fig.4]).

[0086] It has a drain plug 82 on the underside allowing it to be emptied.

[0087] It preferably also includes a means 81 for detecting the liquid level The contents of this recovery tank are 80. This detection method takes the form of a sensor designed to send an alert signal to the control unit 3 when the fluid level exceeds a predetermined threshold. This alert signal can then be used by the control unit to display a message on the vehicle's dashboard, prompting the driver to have their vehicle serviced as soon as possible and preventing the battery from being recharged at high power.

[0088] This recovery tank 80 is first connected to the filling system 2 so as to recover liquid which would be poured by the technician next to the filling chamber 11 or which would overflow from this chamber.

[0089] As shown in [Fig.3], the inner side wall 15 of the jar 10 is open at the top and thus forms an opening 12 for filling the filling chamber 11.

[0090] The external lateral wall 17 then delimits in its upper part a neck for recovering excess which extends all around the mouthpiece 12.

[0091] In practice, the external side wall 17 is flared on the side of its upper end so that if the technician spills liquid out of the mouthpiece, this liquid flows between the internal side walls 15 and external side walls 17.

[0092] These two side walls are separated from each other so that the collected liquid can flow by gravity into the volume located between the bottoms 16, 18 of the jar 10.

[0093] This volume is then connected to the recovery tank 80 by an overflow hose 111, which opens into this tank through an opening provided in the upper wall of this tank.

[0094] In order for the flow of liquid in this overflow hose 111 to occur without difficulty, the sealed recovery tank 80 has a vent opening through which it is connected to the outside, via a cannula 112.

[0095] This cannula rises from this opening to above the sealed housing 60, so that the liquid cannot escape from the recovery tank 80 through it.

[0096] The cannula 112 thus delimits an air passage that is preferentially always open. For this purpose, this cannula 112 opens into the jar 10. As shown in [Fig. 3], it opens more precisely into the neck 14 formed by the external lateral wall 17 of the jar 10. In order not to obstruct this cannula, the stopper 21 is shaped so that, when it closes the filling chamber 11, it leaves an air passage between this cannula 112 and the outside.

[0097] The filling chamber 11 has a volume less than the volume of liquid which must be introduced into the reservoir 30. The technician must therefore fill this chamber and push the liquid back towards the reservoir 30 with the piston 25 several times in order to sufficiently fill the cooling circuit 4.

[0098] Once the circuit is filled, the pump 70 can be activated to cool the battery 9 as needed.

[0099] During the use of the cooling device 1, it may happen that the coolant becomes corrupted, for example due to metallic particles that detach from the various components of the device, or water that condenses and pollutes the coolant.

[0100] The cooling device 1 then includes a safety system which allows the coolant to be evacuated from the cooling circuit 4 when this liquid does not or no longer conforms to the requirements, here in dielectric terms.

[0101] In practice, this safety system includes a second sensor 33 to detect this fault, and a second valve 40 to divert the liquid circulating in the cooling circuit 4 to the recovery tank 80, via a hose 110.

[0102] This second sensor 33 is adapted to measure the resistance and / or impedance and / or conductivity of the liquid circulating in the cooling circuit 4 or in the sealed housing 60.

[0103] It is preferably located on the bottom of the tank 30.

[0104] This sensor is adapted to deliver to the computer 3 a signal which is different depending on whether the liquid conforms or not to the required specifications.

[0105] The second valve 40 is a monostable solenoid valve (it could alternatively be bistable). In a first stable position (called the normal position), this valve allows the coolant to flow from the heat exchanger 50 to the reservoir 30. In a second activated position (called the safety position), it diverts the coolant from the heat exchanger 50 to the recovery tank 80, via the hose 110. It is controlled for this purpose by the control unit 3.

[0106] This valve could take many different forms. As shown in [Fig. 1], it is a 3 / 2 distributor.

[0107] This second valve 40 is located here on the hose 102, between the heat exchanger 50 and the reservoir 30. Alternatively, it could be located elsewhere, in particular between the pump 70 and the sealed housing 60 so that the non-conforming liquid diverted to the recovery tank 80 does not pass back through the sealed housing 60.

[0108] At this stage, we can describe in more detail how the cooling device will be used.

[0109] When the cooling circuit 4 is empty, the reservoir 30 should be filled.

[0110] Initially, the valve 90 is in the closed position.

[0111] The technician in charge of filling then unscrews the plug 21 and removes it from the filling chamber 11 (which allows him to simultaneously extract the piston 25). This removal is possible thanks to the non-return valve 27 provided in the piston 25.

[0112] The technician then fills the filling chamber 11, which here has a capacity of 1 litre, through the mouth 12.

[0113] The pair of sensors located at the bottom of this filling chamber 11 then transmits to the computer 3 a signal indicating that a liquid has been introduced into the chamber and that this liquid is compliant or not.

[0114] If the signal indicates that the fluid meets the required specifications, the control unit opens valve 90 and then illuminates the green LED of indicator light 95. The technician can then see that they can push the coolant back into reservoir 30 using piston 25. They can then repeat the operation, for example, seven times to fill the reservoir with seven liters of coolant. In case of overfilling and overflow, the fluid spills into the neck 14 and then flows by gravity into the recovery tank 80.

[0115] As long as the signal indicates that there is no liquid or that the liquid does not conform to the required specifications, the computer commands the valve 90 to remain in the closed position.

[0116] If the signal indicates that the fluid does not meet the required specifications, the control unit also illuminates the red LED of warning light 95. The technician can then identify the error. They must then manually empty the filling chamber 11, using, for example, a syringe or a pump.

[0117] It should be noted that, alternatively, to avoid using such a syringe or pump, the device could be equipped with a circuit for draining the liquid contained in the filling chamber 11 to the recovery tank 80. This circuit would then include a valve which would open if the detected liquid was not compliant.

[0118] When the cooling circuit 4 is filled, the second sensor 33 continuously or at regular intervals monitors that the coolant level is correct. This monitoring can, for example, be carried out after each start of the pump 70, for a predetermined period.

[0119] As long as the fluid is within specifications, the control unit 3 does not activate the second valve 40, which remains in its normal position. The pump 70 is activated by the control unit 3 to ensure closed-loop fluid circulation.

[0120] Conversely, if the coolant is not or is no longer compliant, the control unit 3 activates the second valve 40 to divert the fluid to the recovery tank 80. The pump 70 remains activated as long as all the fluid contained in the filling circuit was not evacuated to the recovery tank 80.

[0121] It is therefore observed that the aforementioned phases of filling and operation are clearly separated and cannot be implemented simultaneously.

[0122] When the liquid level in the recovery tank 80 exceeds a threshold, the detection means 81 transmits a corresponding signal to the computer 3, which then commands the display of an alert on the vehicle's dashboard.

[0123] Therefore, a technician must intervene to drain the tank through its plug 82. While waiting for his intervention, the computer 3 commands the prohibition of recharging the accumulator battery 9 at a charging power exceeding a predetermined threshold.

[0124] Draining can also be carried out in other situations. Typically, during a periodic maintenance operation, it may be recommended to drain the cooling circuit 4. In this situation, the pump and the second valve can be controlled to empty the circuit into the recovery tank 80.

[0125] The present invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described and represented, but a person skilled in the art will be able to make any variation in accordance with the invention.

[0126] Typically, and without limitation, the filling system could be used to fill a tank: - of coolant from a cooling system of an internal combustion engine, - demineralized water from a water ejection device in an internal combustion engine, - lubricant for a powertrain, - fuel for an internal combustion engine, - of a fuel cell, - of a device linked to a hydrogen-powered engine...

[0127] In the illustrated embodiment, the waterproof case 60 houses the entire battery of accumulators.

[0128] Alternatively, it could house only a portion of this battery (i.e., a portion of the electrochemical cells composing the battery pack). In this variant, the cooling device would then comprise several sealed housings, each housing a portion of the electrochemical cells. These sealed housings would then be installed in a battery pack casing, which would have a double bottom forming the recovery tank. The sealed housings would then be connected to the reservoir 30 either in series (the liquid passing from the pump to a first sealed housing and then to the next, etc.) or in parallel. The latter version is preferred to ensure more homogeneous cooling of the cells. For this version, it will be possible to install a plumbing manifold between the pump and the sealed boxes in order to distribute the liquid pushed by the pump to each of the sealed boxes.

Claims

Claims

1. Filling system (2) for a liquid tank (30) equipping a motor vehicle, comprising: - a filling chamber (11) connected to the inside of the tank (30) and comprising a mouth (12) through which a technician can introduce liquid into the filling chamber (H), - a means (13) for detecting non-compliant liquid in the filling chamber (11), - a safety means (90, 95) adapted to block the liquid in the filling chamber (11) and / or to emit an alert signal to the technician, - a computer (3) adapted to control the safety means (13) as a function of the conformity of the liquid detected in the filling chamber (11) by the detection means (13), characterized in that the filling chamber (11) is connected to the inside of the tank (30) by a siphon (101) and is delimited by a side wall (15) at least partially cylindrical,and in that a piston (25) is provided adapted to slide along said side wall (15) to push the liquid from the filling chamber (11) towards the interior of the reservoir (30).,

2. Filling system (2) according to claim 1, in which the piston (25) comprises a vent passage (26) equipped with a non-return valve (27), allowing the piston (25) to be withdrawn from the filling chamber (11) without generating suction.

3. Filling system (2) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said safety means (90, 95) comprises a valve adapted to have an open position in which it allows the liquid to pass from the filling chamber (11) towards the interior of the reservoir (30) and a closed position in which it blocks the passage of liquid from the filling chamber (11) towards the interior of the reservoir (30).

4. Filling system (2) according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which said safety means (90, 95) comprises at least one indicator light adapted to turn on or off, or a display adapted to display an alert message, depending on the conformity of the liquid detected in the filling chamber (11) by the detection means (13).

5. Filling system (2) according to one of claims 1 to 4, in in which a liquid recovery circuit is provided, which comprises a recovery tank (80) adapted to store a volume of liquid at least equal to the volume of said reservoir (30).

6. Filling system (2) according to claim 5, wherein there is provided around at least part of said mouth (12) a liquid recovery neck (14), which is connected to the recovery tank (80).

7. A filling system (2) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the recovery tank (80) comprises liquid level detection means (81) and a drain plug (82).

8. Cooling device (1) for a storage battery (9), comprising: - a sealed housing (60) housing at least part of the storage battery (9), - a cooling circuit (4) comprising a reservoir (30) of coolant, a heat exchanger (50) and a pump (70) adapted to circulate the coolant from the reservoir (30) through the heat exchanger (50) and the sealed housing (60), and - a filling system (2) for the reservoir (30) according to one of claims 1 to 7.

9. Cooling device (1) according to claim 8, in which means (33) for detecting non-compliant liquid in the cooling circuit (4) or in the sealed housing (60) are provided, and in which the cooling circuit (4) comprises a valve (40) adapted to send the cooling liquid into the recovery tank (80).

10. Motor vehicle comprising a storage battery (9) and a cooling device (1) for the storage battery (9) according to one of claims 8 and 9.

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