Extract of achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. for the treatment or prevention of skin redness

Abstract

The present invention relates to an extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. achenes comprising less than 0.2% by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract, for use in the treatment or prevention of skin redness. The present invention also relates to a dermatological or cosmetic composition comprising such an extract mixed with at least one dermatologically or cosmetically acceptable excipient for use in the treatment of skin redness.

Description

Title of the invention: Extract of achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. for the treatment or prevention of skin redness FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to an extract of achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, by weight of si-lymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract for its use in the treatment or prevention of skin redness, that is to say of the skin, including the scalp, in particular redness linked to environmental stress or redness associated with a skin disorder such as rosacea. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] The skin is the largest organ in the human body, with a surface area of ​​nearly 2m2. It plays several fundamental roles, including protection from the outside, thermal regulation, hormonal synthesis, and it also has an immune function. The skin is made up of three superimposed layers: the epidermis, which is constantly renewed, the dermis, and the hypodermis, which provides the fibrous framework. The skin, through its color, texture, and quality, also has an undeniable psychosocial function.

[0003] Sensitive skin has in common that it reacts quickly and excessively to a change in temperature, particularly to the cold, to the wind, to irritating hygiene or toiletry products, and to unsuitable care. Facial redness is the prerogative of sensitive skin, this skin which is characterized by an exacerbated reactivity of the skin and cutaneous vessels. The redness is more or less intermittent, but always unpleasant and bothersome.

[0004] Intermittent redness, also called "flushing", is an acute vasodilation reaction that can be due to a banal or slightly stressful situation, such as a student exam, a job interview, an emotionally moving or conflicting conversation, but also to a change in temperature that requires blood circulation in the face. Food that is too hot, alcoholic drinks or certain foods (spices, mustard, etc.) can also cause redness.

[0005] Different factors can promote and aggravate these rednesses: external factors, such as cold or sun, which cause an acceleration of cutaneous microcirculation; internal factors, such as emotions, consumption of coffee or spices; heredity, redness can appear in people with vaso-reactive skin, a skin characteristic which can be familial; or even skin aging because, from the age of 25, the skin is more sensitive to redness.

[0006] In the long run, the redness can become permanent, especially on the cheeks. This is called erythrosis, which is a diffuse but permanent redness most often located on the cheeks in the form of red patches.

[0007] Rosacea represents an aggravation of erythrosis with the appearance of small dilated vessels.

[0008] Rosacea is a common chronic and progressive dermatosis linked in particular to vascular relaxation. It is a condition that affects the small vessels of the face. It frequently affects people with fair skin and can lead to significant psycho-affective consequences. The name of this pathology refers to the characteristic color that the face takes on during the disease. The general appearance of the face wrongly suggests chronic excessive alcohol consumption, rosacea is a socially difficult condition to live with, particularly for women. Rosacea is a fairly common pathology, since in France, 2 to 3% of the adult population is affected. Women are particularly affected, since there are two women for every man suffering from rosacea.It mainly affects the central part of the face and is characterized by facial reddening or flushing, facial erythema, papules, pustules, telangiectasia and sometimes eye lesions called ocular rosacea. In severe cases, particularly in men, the soft tissue of the nose may swell and produce a bulbous swelling called rhinophyma. Rosacea evolves, but not necessarily, over several years in flare-ups aggravated by different stimuli such as temperature changes, alcohol, spices, sun exposure or emotions.

[0009] Thus, generally speaking, rosacea most often develops in 4 stages: - Stage 1: These are vascular relaxations with a neurogenic component (usually around the age of 20). Patients experience sudden attacks of paroxysmal redness of the face and neck, with sensations of heat, but without systemic signs. After the attacks, the facial skin returns to normal. These "flushes" are triggered by changes in temperature, the absorption of hot drinks or alcohol. - Stage 2: this is called the erythematotelangiectatic stage or the vascular stage (usually around the age of 30). The malar areas are diffusely red. Dilated capillaries are observed, constituting the classic rosacea. Unlike stage 1, the redness is permanent. In addition to the cheeks, the chin and the middle part of the forehead may be affected. - Stage 3: this is the papulo-pustule stage or the inflammatory stage (rather around the age of 40). Against a background of erythema, papules and pustules of a few millimeters in diameter develop, without associated comedones. This Dermatosis can be very widespread, sometimes affecting the hairless part of the scalp in men, but also the area around the mouth and eyes. Patients complain of sensitive skin, with subjective intolerance to most cosmetic products. - Stage 4: This is called rhinophyma (usually from the age of 50). This late phase mainly affects men, unlike the other stages. The nose is enlarged, diffusely red, and the follicular orifices are dilated. The skin gradually thickens.

[0010] Despite its frequency, its causes remain poorly determined, and may involve several factors. Diet and climatic factors play a role in the disease and have an impact on these symptoms. Sometimes, in patients with rosacea, there is a dysfunction of the veins of the face, which results in stagnation of blood in the vessels of the face, leading to cascading dilation of the vessels, edema and alteration of the endothelium. Corticosteroids can also be implicated, particularly in 2 situations. The first is rosacea which is aggravated by the application of corticosteroids. The second is the appearance of the disease following the long-term use of this type of medication, we even speak of steroid rosacea.

[0011] Recently, the Tie-angiopoietin receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway has been shown to regulate vascular permeability and participate in vascular remodeling during pathological situations (Saharinen et al. 2017). Angiopoietin represents an important family of growth factors, its activities being mediated by 2 tyrosine kinase receptors: Tiel and Tie2.

[0012] Angiopoietin 1 is a powerful angiogenic growth factor, its effect being mediated through Tie2. Angiopoietin 1 produced by pericytes binds to its receptor Tie2 on the membrane of endothelial cells. This permanent activation allows the stabilization of the capillary: this is called vascular quiescence.

[0013] Recently, it has been shown that angiopoietin 2 also has a role in vascular pathophysiology (Akwii et al. 2019). Even more recently, researchers have shown that angiogenesis is an essential process in rosacea (Lee et al. 2021).

[0014] Oral treatments for rosacea based on tetracycline derivatives currently on the market are problematic for several reasons, but in particular for their significant side effects. Oral administration of tetracyclines, such as doxycycline, can induce photosensitivity, even phototoxicity or gastrointestinal disorders.

[0015] Topical treatments for rosacea are also available on the market based on nitroimidazole compounds such as metronidazole. However, it is known that the use of such compounds can induce physiological disorders, particularly gastrointestinal and renal (Edwards 1980).

[0016] However, these treatments do not directly target redness; the vascular side of rosacea is not currently covered therapeutically.

[0017] There is therefore a need for new active ingredients to combat skin redness, particularly in patients with rosacea, and in particular erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, which can be used for long periods with as few side effects as possible. Summary of the invention

[0018] The object of the present invention is to meet these needs. Indeed, the inventors have demonstrated, quite unexpectedly, that an extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. achenes comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract had the capacity to significantly reduce the redness of patients suffering from erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, by acting on the signaling pathway of the T ie2 / angiopoietin tyrosine kinase receptor.

[0019] The present invention therefore relates to an extract of achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract, for its use in the treatment or prevention of skin redness, in particular in patients suffering from rosacea, in particular erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

[0020] The present invention also relates to the use of an extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. achenes comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract, in the treatment or prevention of skin redness, in particular in patients suffering from rosacea, in particular erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

[0021] The present invention also relates to the use of an extract of achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract, for the preparation of a medicament intended for the treatment or prevention of skin redness, in particular in patients suffering from rosacea, in particular erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

[0022] The present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing skin redness, comprising administering to a person in need thereof, in particular a person suffering from rosacea, in particular erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, an effective amount of an extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. achenes comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, in weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract.

[0023] The present invention also relates to a cosmetic or dermatological composition comprising an extract of achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract, with at least one cosmetically or dermatologically acceptable excipient, for its use in the treatment or prevention of skin redness, in particular in patients suffering from rosacea, in particular erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

[0024] The present invention also relates to the use of a cosmetic or dermatological composition comprising an extract of achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract, with at least one cosmetically or dermatologically acceptable excipient, in the treatment or prevention of skin redness, in particular in patients suffering from rosacea, in particular erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

[0025] The present invention also relates to the use of a cosmetic or dermatological composition comprising an extract of achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract, with at least one cosmetically or dermatologically acceptable excipient, for the preparation of a medicament intended for the treatment or prevention of skin redness, in particular in patients suffering from rosacea, in particular erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

[0026] The present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing skin redness comprising administering to a person in need thereof, in particular a person suffering from rosacea, in particular erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, an effective amount of a cosmetic or dermatological composition comprising an extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. achenes comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract, with at least one cosmetically or dermatologically acceptable excipient.

[0027] The present invention also relates to a method for regulating the Tie2 / angiopoietin tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway comprising administering to a person in need thereof an effective amount of an extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. achenes comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract or a cosmetic or dermatological composition comprising an extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. achenes comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract, with at least one cosmetic excipient tically or dermatologically acceptable.

[0028] The extract of achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. used in the context of the present invention is preferably obtained or capable of being obtained by a process comprising a step of extracting an oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. with an extraction solvent comprising a hydrotropic aqueous solution, subcritical water or an organic solvent immiscible with the oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. optionally in a mixture with water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Definitions

[0029] In the present invention, the plant Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. may be abbreviated to Silybum marianum.

[0030] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "silymarin" means a purified extract of achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. comprising predominantly (at least 95% by weight) a mixture of the following four flavonolignans: silybin, isosilybin, silychristin and silydianin (Kuki et al. 2012). A silymarin content of less than 0.2% by weight therefore means that the total amount of silymarin constituents is less than 0.2% by weight. Such a content can be determined in particular by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) or UPLC (ultra high performance liquid chromatography) by calculating the total area of ​​the peaks corresponding to all the silymarin constituents, in particular by using a reference silymarin sample, which can be obtained for example from Sigma Aldrich, to determine the position of the peaks.

[0031] By "silybin", also called silibinin in the art, is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, the four diastereoisomers silybin A, silybin B, 2,3-cis-silybin A and 2,3-cis-silybin B.

[0032] For the purposes of the present invention, the term “isosilybin” means the two diastereoisomers isosilybin A and isosilybin B.

[0033] For the purposes of the present invention, the term “silychristin” means the two diastereoisomers silychristin A and silychristin B.

[0034] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "sterol" means a molecule having a sterane nucleus whose carbon 3 carries a hydroxyl OH group, the sterane having the following structure:

[0035] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "fatty acid" means a carboxylic acid of formula R'CO2H in which the chain R1 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain, saturated or comprising C=C double bonds, the carboxylic acid comprising from 16 to 22 carbon atoms (including the carbon atom of the carboxylic acid function).

[0036] By “free” fatty acid (including linoleic acid) is meant, for the purposes of the present invention, a fatty acid not bound to other molecules (e.g. to glycerol or derivatives thereof to give glycerides or to an alcohol to give a fatty ester).

[0037] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "tocopherol" means α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol.

[0038] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "approximately" means that the value concerned may be 10% lower or higher, in particular 5%, in particular 1%, than the value indicated.

[0039] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "skin redness" means a pinkish to red, or even dark red, coloration of all or part of the skin of the body, including the scalp, or of the mucous membranes, preferably of the skin of the face. This manifestation, also called erythema, is most often undesirable, particularly when it is associated with other symptoms of a skin disorder such as rosacea.

[0040] By "treating" or "treating" skin redness is meant in particular the disappearance, improvement, reduction and / or alleviation of the redness. The reduction and / or alleviation of the redness includes in particular the reduction of the intensity or severity of the redness and / or the area affected by the redness.

[0041] By "preventing" or "preventing" skin redness, we mean in particular reducing the risk of the appearance of redness, delaying the appearance of redness, slowing the progression of redness, reducing the frequency of redness.

[0042] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "flush" means intermittent, i.e. non-permanent, skin redness. It may be due to a trivial or slightly stressful situation, such as an exam for a student, a job interview, an emotionally moving or conflicting conversation, but also to a change in temperature which affects blood circulation in the face. An ali Too hot food, alcoholic drinks or certain foods (spices, mustard, etc.) can also cause flushing. It can also be pathological in nature and result, for example, from a vascular disorder such as in rosacea and in particular erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

[0043] By "dermatologically or cosmetically acceptable" is meant, for the purposes of the present invention, that which is useful in the preparation of a dermatological or cosmetic composition, which is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable and which is acceptable for dermatological or cosmetic use, in particular by topical application to the skin.

[0044] For the purposes of the present invention, the term “topical application” means an application to the skin (including the scalp) and the mucous membranes, preferably to the skin, for example to the skin of the face.

[0045] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "dry extract" means an extract free of extraction solvent or containing only non-significant traces thereof. Such a dry extract thus contains only material from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. It may also contain non-significant traces of extraction solvent.

[0046] By "organic solvent immiscible with the oil derived from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.", is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, an organic solvent which is not capable of mixing, or only partially, with the oil derived from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., so that the mixture of the organic solvent and the oil derived from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. gives a heterogeneous mixture in which at least two distinct phases can be observed.

[0047] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "C1 to C3 alcohol" means an alcohol of formula R2OH in which the R2 chain is a saturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It may be, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol, in particular methanol, ethanol or isopropanol. Preferably, it will be isopropanol.

[0048] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "ambient temperature" means a temperature between 15 and 40°C, preferably between 20 and 30°C, in particular around 25°C. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.

[0049] The scientific name Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. refers to a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, annual or biennial, with a robust stem that can reach more than a meter in height. Its large, shiny, alternate leaves, without stipules, are marbled with white and edged with hard, pointed spines. The flowers are grouped in terminal capitula, often solitary. They are surrounded by large, spiny bracts with very sharp tips. The tubular, five-lobed flowers are purple in color. purplish. The fruits are shiny achenes, black or marbled with yellow, topped with a pappus with ring-shaped, toothed bristles at their base. The common name for this plant is Milk Thistle.

[0050] The achene (often erroneously called seed in the literature) of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. and its preparations are traditionally used orally, in the symptomatic treatment of functional digestive disorders attributed to a hepatic origin.

[0051] The main active ingredient of the achene of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. is si-lymarin, a mixture of several flavonolignans (mainly silybin, isosilybin, silychristin and silydianin). The achenes contain up to 3% by weight of silymarin. They also consist of oil (20-30% by weight), mucilages and proteins.

[0052] Silymarin has been the subject of numerous studies (in vitro, in vivo and clinical) which have demonstrated its antioxidant, hepatoprotective, digestive, and anti-inflammatory properties. Currently, extracts of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. achenes titrated in silymarin are present in several pharmaceutical preparations intended for the treatment of various hepatic and biliary disorders, such as Legalon®. Silymarin has also been the subject of a study in the treatment of acne (Sahib et al. 2012), as well as in the treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea in combination with methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) (Berardesca et al. 2008).

[0053] Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. oil, rich in omega 6 and vitamin E, is mainly used in cooking. It is conventionally obtained from the achenes by cold pressing. However, studies on the antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of such milk thistle oil, administered orally, have been carried out in vivo on rats or mice (Hermenean et al. 2015; Zhu et al. 2014).

[0054] Furthermore, an extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. achenes, comprising less than 0.2% by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract is already described in patent application FR 3 053 253, this extract is effective in the treatment of acne, seborrhea, rosacea and / or seborrheic dermatitis. In this patent application, the inventors focus solely on inflammatory lesions. The inhibitory activity of this extract on the expression of enzyme genes involved in the synthesis of specific lipids of sebum is also highlighted. However, no effect on redness, flushing and other vascular dysfunctions is reported in this patent application. Extract according to the invention

[0055] The extract according to the invention is an extract of achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract.

[0056] According to a particular embodiment, the extract according to the invention contains at least 0.5% by weight, preferably at least 1.0% by weight of beta-sitosterol relative to the weight of the dry extract. In particular, the extract according to the invention contains between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight, in particular between 1.0% and 2.0% by weight, for example approximately 1.5% by weight of beta-sitosterol relative to the weight of the dry extract. The si-lymarin / beta-sitosterol mass ratio of the extract according to the invention may in particular be less than 0.4, in particular less than 0.07. The extract according to the invention may further comprise between 2% and 7% by weight, in particular between 3% and 6% by weight, for example between 3% and 5% by weight of sterols relative to the weight of the dry extract.

[0057] According to a particular embodiment, the extract according to the invention contains at least 3% by weight, preferably at least 4% by weight of free linoleic acid relative to the weight of the dry extract. In particular, the extract according to the invention contains between 3% and 25% by weight, for example between 3 and 20% by weight, in particular between 3% and 15% by weight, in particular between 4% and 10% by weight, in particular between 4% and 6% by weight, for example approximately 5% by weight of free linoleic acid relative to the weight of the dry extract. The extract according to the invention may further comprise between 10% and 70% by weight, in particular between 10% and 50% by weight, in particular between 10% and 30% by weight, in particular between 15% and 25% by weight of free fatty acids relative to the weight of the dry extract.

[0058] According to another particular embodiment, the extract according to the invention contains between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight, in particular between 1.0% and 2.0% by weight, for example approximately 1.5% by weight of beta-sitosterol relative to the weight of the dry extract and between 3% and 25% by weight, for example between 3 and 20% by weight, in particular between 3% and 15% by weight, in particular between 4% and 10% by weight, in particular between 4% and 6% by weight, for example approximately 5% by weight of free linoleic acid relative to the weight of the dry extract. The silymarin / beta-sitosterol mass ratio of the extract according to the invention may in particular be less than 0.4, in particular less than 0.07.The extract according to the invention may also comprise between 2% and 7% by weight, in particular between 3% and 6% by weight, for example between 3% and 5% by weight of sterols relative to the weight of the dry extract and between 10% and 70% by weight, in particular between 10% and 50% by weight, in particular between 10% and 30% by weight, in particular between 15% and 25% by weight of free fatty acids relative to the weight of the dry extract.

[0059] According to a particular embodiment, the extract according to the invention contains at least 0.01% by weight, in particular at least 0.05% by weight of tocopherols relative to the weight of the dry extract. In particular, the extract according to the invention contains between 0.01% and 2% by weight, more particularly between 0.01% and 1% by weight, even more particularly between 0.01% and 0.5% by weight, in particular between 0.05% and 0.2% by weight, for example approximately 0.1% by weight of tocopherols relative to the weight of the dry extract. silymarin / tocopherols mass ratio of the extract according to the invention may in particular be less than 1, in particular less than 0.1.

[0060] According to another particular embodiment, the extract according to the invention contains between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight, in particular between 1.0% and 2.0% by weight, for example approximately 1.5% by weight of beta-sitosterol relative to the weight of the dry extract; between 3% and 25% by weight, for example between 3 and 20% by weight, in particular between 3% and 15% by weight, in particular between 4% and 10% by weight, in particular between 4% and 6% by weight, for example approximately 5% by weight of free linoleic acid relative to the weight of the dry extract; and between 0.01% and 2% by weight, more particularly between 0.01% and 1% by weight, even more particularly between 0.01% and 0.5% by weight, in particular between 0.05% and 0.2% by weight, for example approximately 0.1% by weight of tocopherols relative to the weight of the dry extract.The extract according to the invention may further comprise between 2% and 7% by weight, in particular between 3% and 6% by weight, for example between 3% and 5% by weight of sterols relative to the weight of the dry extract and between 10% and 70% by weight, in particular between 10% and 50% by weight, in particular between 10% and 30% by weight, in particular between 15% and 25% by weight of free fatty acids relative to the weight of the dry extract. The silymarin / beta-sitosterols mass ratio of the extract according to the invention may in particular be less than 0.4, in particular less than 0.07. The silymarin / tocopherols mass ratio of the extract according to the invention may in particular be less than 1, in particular less than 0.1.

[0061] Preferably, the extract according to the present invention will be a dry extract or an extract, preferably dry, mixed with a solvent other than the extraction solvent, preferably with octyldodecanol.

[0062] According to a preferred embodiment, the extract according to the invention is obtained or is capable of being obtained by a process according to the invention described below.

[0063] Process for preparing the extract according to the invention

[0064] A process for preparing an extract according to the invention comprises a step of extracting an oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. by an extraction solvent comprising, in particular consisting of, a hydrotropic aqueous solution, subcritical water or an organic solvent immiscible with the oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., optionally mixed with water.

[0065] According to a particular embodiment, the extraction solvent comprises, in particular is constituted by, an organic solvent immiscible with the oil derived from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., optionally mixed with water.

[0066] The organic solvent immiscible with the oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. may in particular be a C1 to C3 alcohol.

[0067] The extraction solvent may in particular be a C1 to C3 alcohol (such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol) possibly mixed with water.

[0068] The organic solvent immiscible with the oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., in particular a C1 to C3 alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, may be used in a mixture with water, in particular in an organic solvent / water volume ratio of between 80 / 20 and 100 / 0, in particular of between 85 / 15 and 95 / 5, in particular of approximately 90 / 10.

[0069] The extraction solvent may in particular be chosen from methanol, a methanol / water mixture, ethanol, an ethanol / water mixture, isopropanol and an isopropanol / water mixture.

[0070] According to a preferred embodiment, the extraction solvent will be methanol, an ethanol / water mixture in a volume ratio of approximately 90 / 10 or an isopropanol / water mixture in a volume ratio of approximately 90 / 10, preferably an isopropanol / water mixture in a volume ratio of approximately 90 / 10.

[0071] The step of extracting the oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. will be carried out in particular by mixing the oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. with the extraction solvent for 1 h to 12 h and in particular at a temperature of between 15°C and 25°C, in particular approximately 20°C. The quantity of extraction solvent used to carry out this extraction will advantageously be from 0.5 g to 3 g, in particular from 1 g to 3 g per 1 g of oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn..

[0072] An extraction phase and a lipid phase will then be obtained at the end of this extraction. The extraction phase will be separated from the lipid phase and recovered before being totally or partially dried, in particular under vacuum and preferably in the presence of octyldodecanol. Preferably, the extraction phase is totally dried, preferably in the presence of octyldodecanol, in particular under vacuum, to completely remove the extraction solvent and obtain a dry extract mixed with octyldodecanol.

[0073] The oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. may advantageously be obtained by extraction from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (the achenes may be whole or in pieces), in particular by pressure, advantageously by cold pressing, that is to say without heating, at room temperature.

[0074] According to one embodiment of the invention, the method of the invention will comprise the following two successive steps:

[0075] (i) extraction of an oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., and

[0076] (ii) extraction of the oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. with an extraction solvent, comprising, in particular consisting of, a hydrotropic aqueous solution, subcritical water or an organic solvent immiscible with the oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. optionally mixed with water.

[0077] According to a preferred embodiment according to the invention, the method according to the invention will include the following successive stages:

[0078] (i) optionally extraction of an oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.,

[0079] (ii) extraction of the oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. with an extraction solvent, comprising, in particular consisting of, a hydrotropic aqueous solution, subcritical water or an organic solvent immiscible with the oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. optionally mixed with water,

[0080] (iii) recovery of the extraction phase obtained in step (ii), and

[0081] (iv) partial or total drying of the extraction phase to give a concentrated or dry extract according to the invention, preferably total drying of the extraction phase in the presence of octyldodecanol to give a dry extract according to the invention mixed with octyldodecanol.

[0082] Step (i) will advantageously be carried out by cold pressing the achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., whole or in pieces.

[0083] Step (ii) will advantageously be carried out with an extraction solvent as defined above, and in particular chosen from methanol, a methanol / water mixture, ethanol, an ethanol / water mixture, isopropanol, and an isopropanol / water mixture.

[0084] The organic solvent immiscible with the oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., in particular a C1 to C3 alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, may be used in a mixture with water, in particular in an organic solvent / water volume ratio of between 80 / 20 and 100 / 0, in particular of between 85 / 15 and 95 / 5, in particular of approximately 90 / 10. An advantageous extraction solvent is an isopropanol / water mixture in a volume ratio of approximately 90 / 10.

[0085] The extraction step (ii) may be carried out by mixing the oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. with the extraction solvent for 1 h to 12 h and in particular at a temperature of 15°C to 25°C, in particular approximately 20°C. The quantity of extraction solvent used to carry out this extraction will advantageously be from 0.5 g to 3 g, in particular from 1 g to 3 g per 1 g of oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.. This extraction step (ii) makes it possible to obtain at the end an extraction phase of interest and a lipid phase.

[0086] Step (iii) will advantageously be carried out by separating the extraction phase from the lipid phase.

[0087] Step (iv) will advantageously be carried out under vacuum, preferably in the presence of octyldodecanol.

[0088] Dermatological or cosmetic composition according to the invention

[0089] The dermatological or cosmetic composition according to the invention comprises an extract according to the invention as defined above in a mixture with at least one dermatologically or cosmetically acceptable excipient. It is preferably a com topical position, that is, in a form suitable for topical application, particularly to the skin.

[0090] The compositions according to the invention are advantageously intended for topical application, and are therefore in a form suitable for topical application, in particular on the skin, in particular on the face.

[0091] The compositions according to the invention may thus be presented in the forms which are usually known for topical administration, that is to say in particular lotions, mousses, gels, dispersions, emulsions, sprays, serums, masks or creams, with excipients allowing in particular cutaneous penetration in order to improve the properties and accessibility of the active ingredient. Advantageously, it will be a cream.

[0092] These compositions generally contain, in addition to the extract according to the present invention, a physiologically acceptable medium, generally based on water or solvent, for example alcohols, ethers or glycols. They may also contain surfactants, complexing agents, preservatives, stabilizing agents, emulsifiers, thickeners, gelling agents, humectants, emollients, moisturizing agents, essential oils, perfumes, trace elements, colorants, matting agents, chemical or mineral filters, thermal waters, etc.

[0093] The composition will advantageously comprise octyldodecanol, in particular in an amount of 10 to 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Octyldodecanol is in particular used as a carrier for the extract. Applications

[0094] The extract according to the invention or the dermatological or cosmetic composition according to the invention is useful in the treatment or prevention of skin redness.

[0095] Skin redness can be linked to environmental stress or associated with a skin disorder such as rosacea, and in particular erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, also called vascular rosacea.

[0096] The extract according to the invention or the dermatological or cosmetic composition according to the invention can therefore in particular be useful in patients suffering from rosacea, in particular erythematotelangiectatic rosacea also called vascular rosacea.

[0097] The extract according to the invention or the dermatological or cosmetic composition according to the invention makes it possible in particular to regulate the signaling pathway of the Tie2 / angiopoietin tyrosine kinase receptor. The extract according to the invention thus makes it possible more particularly to reduce vascular dysfunctions.

[0098] The extract according to the invention (or the dermatological or cosmetic composition according to the invention containing such an extract) by this regulation of the signaling pathway of the Tie2 / angiopoietin tyrosine kinase receptor makes it possible to move towards a state of quiescence. vascular, that is, a state of vascular stability or equilibrium.

[0099] Skin redness may be present in the form of flushes. The extract according to the invention or the dermatological or cosmetic composition according to the invention makes it possible in particular to reduce the severity and / or frequency of flushes. The severity of flushes can be estimated using the GFSS (Global Flushing Severity Score) scale, the scale ranging from 0 (none) to 10 (extreme). The reduction in the frequency of flushes can be determined using the PGA (Patient's Global Assessment) index, the index ranging from 1 (worsening) to 4 (very good improvement). FIGURE

[0100] [Fig.l]: in vivo effects of an extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. according to the invention on the expression of Tie2 and cathelicidin (LL37) proteins in a patient (expressed as the ratio of protein / glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPADH)). EXAMPLES

[0101] Example 1: Preparation of an extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. according to the invention

[0102] An extract according to the invention in mixture with octyldodecanol was prepared according to the following process: • cold pressing of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. achenes to obtain an oil from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. achenes, • extraction of oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. by an isopropanol / water mixture (90 / 10 v / v) with 1 gram of the isopropanol / water mixture per gram of oil for 2 hours at 20°C, • recovery of the isopropanolic phase, and • evaporation of the solvent in the presence of octyldodecanol in a quantity sufficient to obtain the extract / octyldodecanol ratio of Formulation A, possibly after standardization.

[0103] Example 2: In vitro effects of an extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. on the expression of genes involved in vascular quiescence

[0104] The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of an extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. according to example 1 on the expression of genes involved in vascular quiescence, the latter being well described in the study by Ricard et al. 2021.

[0105] The studies were conducted on cultures of several cell lines: endothelial cells, human umbilical cells, dermal papilla cells, human dermal fibroblasts, lymphatic cells, cell line obtained from human sebaceous glands, human keratinocytes.

[0106] The cells are treated for 3 consecutive days with Silybum maria extract num (L.) Gaertn. at 300 pg / ml in 1% aqueous isopropanol solution or by its solvent (1% aqueous isopropanol solution).

[0107] On the fourth day, RNA extraction is carried out, transcriptomic analysis is done by RNA-Seq and PCR.

[0108] The results, presented in Table 1 below, show that, in a very surprising way, a differential expression of a group of genes specifically interactive in the angiopoietin / Tie2 signaling pathway is induced by the extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., indicating a novel targeting of the function of maintaining endothelial quiescence.

[0109] [Tableauxl] Genes Factor Value p-change* Overexpressed ANGPTL4 5.84 P<0.0001 QRFPR 5.15 P<0.0001 ANGPT2 4.63 P<0.0001 ESM1 3.60 P=0.001 REMI 3.32 P<0.0001 UNC13B 3.14 P<0.0001 PCDH20 2.76 P=0.001 MARCH4 2.50 P<0.0001 TEK / Tie2 2.10 P=0.003 Underexpressed FGA -8.65 P<0.0001 FGB -5.55 P<0.0001 FGG -5.54 P<0.0001 FGL1 -3.43 P<0.0001 EDN2 -2.96 P<0.0001 KEL -2.57 P<0.0001 RIC3 -3.26 P<0.0001 CNR1 -3.87 P<0.0001 SEMA6D -3.12 P<0.0001 ANGPT4 -1.80 P=0.015 ANGPT1 -1.16 P=0.006 ANKRD1 -1.34 P<0.0001 NEDD9 -1.06 P<0.0001

[0110] * Fold change in English

[0111] The extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. thus appears to be particularly suitable for vascular homeostasis.

[0112] Example 3: In vivo effects of an extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. on the expression of Tie2 and LL37 proteins

[0113] In patients with rosacea treated with the extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. according to example 1, skin samples are taken from the face before the beginning of treatment and then sequentially for several weeks while patients apply this Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. extract twice a day (morning and evening) using Formulation A with an extract concentration of 1.75% or 7% depending on the case. Samples are always taken from the same location by the superficial cyanoacrylate biopsy method. Proteins are extracted from the biopsy and the Tie2 and LL37 content is analyzed by the western blot method.

[0114] The results are shown in [Fig. 1] for one patient.

[0115] This figure illustrates the fact that, in this patient treated with Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. extract for 128 weeks, the expression of the rosacea activity marker, LL37, also called cathelicidin, is reduced in a lasting manner. This protein (cathelicidin) is in fact overexpressed in inflammatory diseases, such as rosacea. It is interesting to note that the level of expression of the Tie2 receptor follows the same trend.

[0116] These observations make it possible (for the first time) to make a link between the Tie2-angiopoietin system and the vascular manifestations of rosacea and are compatible with an agonist effect of the extract according to the invention.

[0117] Example 4: Example of composition according to the invention

[0118] [T ableaux2] Ingredients of Formulation A Quantity (% by weight) Water Qsp Octyldodecanol 10-15 Myristyl alcohol 2-6 Myristyl glucoside 1-5 Glycerin 3-10 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. achene extract 1.75 Xanthan gum 0.1-1 Citric acid <1 Sodium benzoate <1 Example 5: Short-term clinical study Method

[0119] A 4-week clinical study involving 44 subjects (aged 33 to 65), all with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (stage 2), was conducted. The subjects applied Formulation A (example 4) twice daily for 4 weeks to the most affected areas, approximately a small amount of Formulation A is applied per half face.

[0120] Three visits to the dermatologist are organized, on D1, D15 and at the end of the study on D29.

[0121]

[0122]

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] Several criteria are evaluated: - The severity of the erythema, estimated using the CEA (Clinical Erythema Assessment) scale, the scale ranging from 1 (worsening) to 4 (very good improvement); - Flush severity, estimated using the Global Flushing Severity Score (GFSS) scale, the scale ranging from 0 (none) to 10 (extreme); - The frequency of flushes, improvement or worsening being estimated using the PGA (Patient's Global Assessment) index, the index ranging from 1 (worsening) to 4 (very good improvement); - Functional signs are self-assessed such as discomfort, warmth, tightness, tingling, or burning sensations. Results The first point to note is that composition A (composition according to the invention) was tested for 1 month under dermatological and ophthalmological control on skin prone to couperose. Good skin tolerance and excellent ocular tolerance were recorded by subjects who applied this composition twice a day for 1 month. The main results, averaged over all patients, obtained on the criteria detailed above, are summarized in Table 3 below. [Tables 3] Criteria D1 D15 Var D15 vs D1 D29 Var D29 vs D1 Erythema severity 2.4 2.3 -2.5% SNS 2.2 -8.2% * Flush frequency 2.6 2.1 -18.5% ** 1.9 -26.2% ** Flush severity 5.0 3.5 -30.6% ** 2.6 -48.4% ** Var: variation; * p< 0.05 versus J1; ** p< 0.001 versus J1; SNS: Statistically not significant The inventors clearly demonstrate a remarkable effectiveness of the composition according to the invention on the vascular criteria of rosacea. Indeed, patients suffering from erythematotelangiectatic rosacea see that, from 15 days of treatment, the frequency of flushes and their severity decrease significantly. After one month of treatment, a reduction of more than 25% in the frequency of flushes is observed and a reduction in their severity reaching almost 50% is reported. The composition according to the invention therefore appears to be particularly well suited to the vascular aspect of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

[0126] The results observed for the functional signs are summarized in Table 4 below.

[0127] [Tables4] Criteria D1 Dlimm Var Dlimm vs D1 D15 Var D15 vs D1 D29 Var D29 vs D1 Discomfort 6.9 6.3 -9% * 6.3 -8% ** 5.7 -17% ** Heat 6.5 2.1 -67% ** 4.2 -35% ** 3.2 -51% ** Tightness 3.0 1.0 -66% ** 1.8 -38% ** 1.2 -58% ** Tingling 1.5 0.0 -100% ** 0.5 -67% ** 0.4 -71% ** Burning 0.9 0.0 -100% ** 0.6 -37% SNS 0.4 -56% *

[0128] Imm: immediate effect; Var: variation; * p< 0.05 versus D1; ​​** p< 0.001 versus D1; ​​SNS: Statistically not significant

[0129] The functional signs are also well improved with 1 month of treatment by applying composition A according to the invention twice a day. The immediate effects are very significant, but the improvement of these functional signs also lasts over time. This composition according to the invention appears particularly well suited for long periods of treatment. Example 6: Long-term clinical study

[0130] A clinical study was carried out on 32 patients suffering from erythematotelangiectatic rosacea to study the effect of a topical application of a composition according to the invention, on an overall index of the clinical state and redness. These patients applied this composition for a relatively long period, from at least 8 weeks of treatment to 64 weeks.

[0131] The aim of this study is to verify the long-term effectiveness of this composition according to the invention.

[0132] The analysis of the therapeutic effects obtained was carried out by a clinical expert dermatologist according to the global analysis method of the clinical state IGA (Investigator Global Assessment) accepted by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and adapted to rosacea.

[0133] The redness index is estimated by the expert dermatologist using a scoring system taking into account the presence or absence and the severity of transient erythema (flushes), non-transient erythema, edema, phymatous changes and of telangiectasia.

[0134] The IGA results are detailed in Table 5 below. The IGA scores are calculated as a % of the value determined in week 1.

[0135] [Tables5] Patients Treatment Weeks 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 1 100 100 100 100 - - - 2 100 100 100 66.7 - - - 3 100 100 - - - - - 4 100 66.7 66.7 33.3 - - - 5 100 100 100 92.6 58.4 0 24.4 6 100 100 100 100 66.7 - - 7 100 100 100 100 100 33.3 - 8 100 100 100 100 75 75 50 9 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 100 83.3 50 50 85.7 0 - 11 100 100 100 25 0 0 - 12 100 100 100 - - - - 13 100 100 100 50 - - - 14 100 85 40 47.5 40.4 25 35 15 100 100 100 - - - - 16 100 75 50 50 50 - - 17 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 18 100 100 100 100 - - - 19 100 100 83.3 66.7 66.7 39.6 64.2 20 100 100 100 73.4 66.7 33.3 - 21 100 100 100 66.7 14.3 32.3 26.1 20 100 50 50 0 - - - 22 100 100 66.7 - - - - 23 100 100 100 66.7 16.7 33.3 - 24 100 66.7 33.3 - - - - 25 100 94.4 83.3 - - - - 26 100 100 93.3 66.7 33.3 0 - 27 100 100 100 98.2 90.9 78.2 - 28 100 100 100 66.7 - - - 29 100 100 100 73.4 66.7 33.3 - 30 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 31 100 96.9 90.6 78.1 75 75 - 32 100 100 100 86.4 50 50 - number of patients 32 32 31 26 19 17 6 ​​Mean (%) 100 94.3 87.3 72.5 62.6 45.6 48.3 esm 0.0 2.2 3.8 5.4 7.1 8.8 12.3

[0136] Esm: standard error of the mean

[0137] The results on the redness index are detailed in Table 6 below. The Redness scores are calculated as a % of the value determined in week 1

[0138] [Tableauxô] Patients Treatment Weeks 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 1 100 100 100 92.3 - - - 2 100 62.5 62.5 50 - - - 3 100 75 - - - - - 4 100 33.3 33.3 0 - - - 5 100 95.3 86 68.7 47.7 18.2 15.8 6 100 81.3 56.3 50 37.5 - - 7 100 100 100 77.3 60.2 27.3 - 8 100 88.3 72.6 68.2 47.1 39.4 17.6 9 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 100 83.3 50 50 45.2 16.7 - 11 100 100 100 62.5 50 50 - 12 100 77.8 66.7 - - - - 13 100 66.7 50 50 - - - 14 100 79.2 37.5 31.6 25 19.5 20.2 15 100 85.7 71.4 - - - - 16 100 72.4 44.4 44.4 34.9 - - 17 100 100 100 100 88.3 61.7 - 18 100 95 81.7 70 - - - 19 100 100 80 40 40 40 40 20 100 94.4 83.3 56.7 50 33.3 - 21 100 93.3 80 40 8.6 0 0 20 100 44.4 22.2 0 - - - 22 100 70 50 - - - - 23 100 87.9 63.6 36.4 9.1 0 - 24 100 72.7 54.5 - - - - 25 100 95 85 - - - - 26 100 91.7 77.3 58.3 33.3 16.7 - 27 100 106.7 118 130.6 120.9 103.9 - 28 100 92.6 77.8 44.4 - - - 29 100 100 100 100 105.4 130.7 - 30 100 93.4 80.2 53.7 32.4 31.4 - 31 100 87.5 75 66.7 25 12.5 - 32 100 93.3 80 40 8.6 0 0 number of patients 32 32 31 26 19 17 6 ​​Mean (%) 100.0 85.2 72.9 59.3 50.6 41.3 32.3 esm 0.0 2.9 4.1 5.8 7.2 9.1 14.5

[0139] Esm: standard error of the mean

[0140] The inventors have demonstrated with the help of this study that a composition according to the invention is very effective in patients suffering from erythemato-telangiectatic rosacea. Indeed, the IGA decreases after 4 weeks of treatment, and this reduction is regular depending on the duration of the treatment. In terms of redness, the beneficial effect of the composition according to the invention is even more marked. Indeed, after 8 weeks of treatment, approximately 30% reduction in IGA and nearly 50% reduction in the redness score can be observed. The priority target of this composition seems to be vascular, as suggested by the results of example 2, on the genes involved in angiogenesis.

[0141] It therefore appears that this composition according to the invention is particularly beneficial in patients suffering from erythematotelangiectatic rosacea by reducing the vascular dysfunctions of this pathology.

[0142] The inventors thus demonstrate that this composition is capable of regulating, then maintaining over the long term, the quiescence of the cutaneous vascular network of patients suffering from erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

[0143] Furthermore, in these patients, when the redness was significantly reduced after several weeks of treatment, it should be noted that no recurrence was observed.

[0144] The composition according to the invention thus also appears to limit the reappearance of these rednesses. Bibliographic references

[0145] • FR 3 053 253. • Akwii et al. 2019, Cells, 8, 471. • Berardesca et al. 2008, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7, 8-14. • Edwards 1980, Br. J. Vener. Dis., 56, 285-290. Hermenean et al. 2015, Open Life Sci., 10(1), 225-236. Kuki et al. 2012, Chromatographia, 75, 175-180. Lee et al. 2021, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 221, 12035. Ricard et al. 2021, Nature Reviews Cardiology, 18, 565-580. Saharinen et al. 2017, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 16, 635-661. Sahib et al. 2012, J. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. Res., 3, 5. Zhu et al. 2014, Pharmacogn Mag., 10 (Suppl. 1), S92-S99.

Claims

Claims

1. Extract of achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. comprising less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, by weight of silymarin relative to the weight of the dry extract, and obtained by a process comprising a step of extracting an oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. with an extraction solvent comprising a hydrotropic aqueous solution, subcritical water or an organic solvent immiscible with the oil from achenes of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. optionally in admixture with water, for use in the treatment or prevention of skin redness.

2. Extract for use according to claim 1, characterized in that the extract is a dry extract, optionally mixed with octyldodecanol.

3. Extract for use according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the extraction solvent is a C1 to C3 alcohol, preferably chosen from methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, optionally mixed with water.

4. Extract for use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that skin redness is present in patients suffering from rosacea.

5. Extract for use according to claim 4, characterized in that the skin redness is present in patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

6. Extract for use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the skin redness is present in the form of flushes.

7. Extract for use according to claim 6, characterized in that the treatment or prevention of skin redness makes it possible to reduce the severity of flushes.

8. Extract for use according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the treatment or prevention of skin redness makes it possible to reduce the frequency of flushes.

9. Dermatological or cosmetic composition comprising an extract as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3 in admixture with at least one dermatologically or cosmetically acceptable excipient for its use in the treatment or prevention of skin redness.

10. Dermatological or cosmetic composition for use according to claim 9, characterized in that the composition is in a form suitable for topical application, in particular on the skin.

11. Dermatological or cosmetic composition for use according to any one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the skin redness is present in patients suffering from rosacea.

12. Dermatological or cosmetic composition for use according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the skin redness is present in patients suffering from erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

13. Dermatological or cosmetic composition for use according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the skin redness is present in the form of flushes.

14. Dermatological or cosmetic composition for use according to claim 13, characterized in that the treatment or prevention of skin redness makes it possible to reduce the severity of flushes.

15. Dermatological or cosmetic composition for use according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the treatment or prevention of skin redness makes it possible to reduce the frequency of flushes.

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