Separable connecting device, in particular for a flying and / or spacecraft

Abstract

- Separable connecting device, in particular for a flying and / or spacecraft. - The connecting device (1), simple, compact and lightweight, comprises a connecting pin (4) for holding two parts (2, 3) together and separating them, a movable plunger (17) arranged in the connecting pin (4) and a pressure generator (34), the connecting device (1) being able to take a locked configuration where the plunger (17) acts on locking elements (25), the connecting pin (4) exerting a force on the parts (2, 3) by pressing them against each other, an unlocked configuration where the plunger (17), displaced by a pressure generated by the pressure generator (34) in a first chamber, releases the locking elements (25) unlocking the connecting pin (4) and releasing the two parts (2, 3) and a separation configuration where the plunger (17) displaced by the pressure,opens a passage between the first chamber and a second chamber allowing the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34) to be transferred there, the connecting pin (4) being moved by this pressure until it generates an impact on a stop of one of the parts (2, 3) so as to initiate their separation. Figure for the abstract: Figure 1,

Description

Title of the invention: Separable connecting device, in particular for a flying and / or spacecraft Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device and a method for separable connection of two parts, in particular for a flying and / or spacecraft such as an aircraft, a drone, a rocket or a missile for example. State of the art

[0002] In various fields, particularly in the aeronautics, aerospace and defense sectors, it is particularly interesting to be able to link several subassemblies to each other and to be able to separate them at a desired time. For example, aircraft, rockets or even satellites may comprise a main structure to which subassemblies such as boosters, stages, or weapons systems (missiles, bombs, etc.) are linked. Depending on their use, these subassemblies must be able to be detached and possibly ejected from the main structure at particular times.

[0003] Common devices are known for making separable connections between two parts, such as pins, separable or explosive nuts, jacks or retractors. Pin or nut type devices make it possible to ensure the locking of an assembly and, under the action of an actuator, to release the parts of said assembly by removing the connection that locked them together. This connection can be removed by the movement of particular elements or by a pyrotechnic action such as an explosion of a nut or pin. Jack or retractor type devices generally provide a simple locking / unlocking function, by preventing or not preventing two parts from separating using a retractable rod.

[0004] Devices are also known for prestressing elements together in order to prevent their separation under known environments, for example elements subjected to vibrations or mechanical stresses.

[0005] None of the known solutions cited above makes it possible to ensure both a locking / unlocking function for two parts and a separation function moving said parts away from each other when they are unlocked. Furthermore, these solutions also do not make it possible to lock two parts together while ensuring that said parts are held under prestress.

[0006] The known devices are therefore not completely satisfactory. Statement of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to propose a device making it possible to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of existing devices. It relates to a separable connecting device for two parts. Said connecting device comprises a connecting pin configured to be able to be arranged, at least partially, in a first cavity of a first of said parts and in a second cavity of the second of said parts, said connecting pin being capable of holding said parts together and separating them.

[0008] According to the invention, the connecting device comprises a movable plunger arranged in the connecting pin and a pressure generator capable of being controlled and configured to generate pressure, said connecting device being configured to be able to successively take the following configurations: - a so-called locked configuration, in which the plunger, held by an elastic element, acts on locking elements which lock the connecting pin between the two parts, said connecting pin being configured to exert a predetermined force on said parts by pressing them against each other when it is locked by the locking elements; - a so-called unlocked configuration, in which the plunger, moved by a pressure generated by the pressure generator in a first chamber, releases the locking elements so as to unlock the connecting pin and release the two parts from the predetermined force exerted by said connecting pin; and - a so-called separation configuration, in which the plunger, moved by the pressure generated by the pressure generator in the first chamber, opens at least one fluid passage between said first chamber and a second chamber so as to allow the fluid in the first chamber to pass into the second chamber and transfer there the pressure generated by the pressure generator, the connecting pin being moved by said pressure in the second chamber until it generates an impact on a stop arranged on one of said parts so as to initiate the separation of the two parts.

[0009] Thus, thanks to the invention, it is possible to obtain a simple, compact and lightweight device for ensuring the locking of two parts against each other under prestress and, on command of the pressure generator, the unlocking of said parts by separating them. Unlocking and separation are carried out using the same fluid pressurized by a single pressure generator. Pressure is generated in the first chamber to unlock the connecting pin, then it is transferred to the second chamber to propel said connecting pin against the stop. From a single connecting device, it is therefore possible to ensure a solid connection of the two parts together and, when desired, to ensure a detachment and separation of said parts.

[0010] Advantageously, the connecting device comprises: - in the first cavity, a groove capable of receiving the locking elements, said locking elements being held in said groove by a head of the plunger, in the locked configuration, so as to lock the connecting pin longitudinally in a first direction; and - in the second cavity, a shoulder capable of receiving at least a portion of the connecting pin in support, said connecting pin being held against said shoulder, in the locked configuration, so as to lock the connecting pin longitudinally in a second direction, opposite to the first direction.

[0011] Furthermore, advantageously, the second cavity of the second part comprises the second chamber, said second chamber corresponding to a free space provided between an external wall of the connecting pin and an internal wall of the cavity.

[0012] Thus, thanks to the arrangement described above, it is possible to obtain a simple interface between the two parts with a connecting device which occupies a limited space. The connecting device is therefore simple to install and takes up little space.

[0013] Furthermore, advantageously, the connecting device comprises at least one clamping screw capable of being screwed into the connecting pin and of coming to bear on the second part, in the locked configuration, so as to obtain the predetermined force pressing the first part and the second part against each other, the tightening of the clamping screw making it possible to adjust said predetermined force.

[0014] Thus, thanks to this particular embodiment, it is possible to simply and quickly adjust the predetermined force (or prestressing force) with which it is desired to press the two parts against each other.

[0015] In a particular embodiment, the connecting device comprises a nut configured to be screwed onto a thread of an extension of the connecting pin while bearing against the part, in the locked configuration, so as to obtain the predetermined force pressing the first part and the second part against each other, the tightening of the nut making it possible to adjust said predetermined force.

[0016] In a particular embodiment, the groove comprises a slope and the plunger comprises an inclined surface, said slope and said inclined surface being configured so that, in the locked configuration, the plunger acts on the locking elements, under the action of an elastic force exerted by the elastic element, so as to maintain said locking elements in the groove while transmitting said elastic force to one of the two parts, via said inclined surface and said slope, so as to press said parts against each other with the predetermined force, the characteristics of the elastic element making it possible to define said predetermined force.

[0017] Thus, thanks to this particular embodiment, it is possible to obtain a connecting device whose elastic element ensures, in the locked configuration, both locking the connecting pin and pressing the two parts together.

[0018] Furthermore, in a first particular embodiment, the fluid passage(s) between the first chamber and the second chamber are arranged so that, when the plunger moves under the effect of the pressure generated by the pressure generator, said plunger opens said fluid passages substantially at the same time as it releases the locking elements.

[0019] In a second embodiment, the fluid passage(s) between the first chamber and the second chamber are arranged such that, upon movement of the plunger under the effect of the pressure generated by the pressure generator, said plunger opens said fluid passages after it has released the locking elements.

[0020] Thus, the pressure is distributed in the second chamber after the connecting pin has been unlocked. This results in a retraction of the connecting pin which is moderately powerful and which generates a moderate shock on the stop. This makes it possible to give a relatively gentle impulse to one of the two parts to separate them without risking damaging elements of one or other of said parts.

[0021] Furthermore, in a third particular embodiment, the fluid passage(s) between the first chamber and the second chamber are arranged so that, when the plunger is moved under the effect of the pressure generated by the pressure generator, said plunger opens said fluid passages before it has released the locking elements.

[0022] Thus, the pressure is distributed in the second chamber when the connecting pin is still locked. This pressure can therefore increase until the connecting pin is unlocked. During this unlocking, a powerful and rapid retraction of the connecting pin is obtained which generates a sudden shock on the stop. This makes it possible to give a greater impulse to one of the two parts to separate them cleanly.

[0023] Thanks to the three embodiments above, there are variants available which make it possible to obtain a more or less marked and powerful separation of the parts. It is therefore possible to choose a type of separation adapted according to the application considered.

[0024] Within the scope of the present invention, the locking elements can be produced in different ways.

[0025] In a first embodiment, the locking elements correspond to balls and, in the locked configuration, the connecting device is configured to obtain point contact between said balls and one of the first and second parts capable of locking the connecting pin.

[0026] In a second embodiment, the locking elements correspond to one of the following elements, rollers or barrels; and, in the locked configuration, the connecting device is configured to obtain a linear contact between said locking elements and one of the first and second parts capable of locking the connecting pin.

[0027] Further, in a third embodiment, the locking elements correspond to one of the following, wedges or keys; and, in the locked configuration, the connecting device is configured to obtain a surface contact between said locking elements and one of the first and second parts capable of locking the connecting pin.

[0028] Thus, thanks to the three embodiments above, variants are available for obtaining a locking of the connecting pin with different contact surfaces. Depending on the contact surface, it is possible to obtain a higher or lower maximum locking force. It is therefore possible to choose a suitable type of locking depending on the application considered.

[0029] Furthermore, advantageously, the pressure generator corresponds to one of the following fluid generating systems: a gas generating pyrotechnic cartridge, a fluid generating cartridge, a pneumatic system, a hydraulic system.

[0030] Furthermore, advantageously, at least one of the first and second parts comprises a movable plug configured to close, in the separation configuration, a mouth of the first cavity or of the second cavity, said plug comprising a face provided with an aerodynamic shape capable of matching an external surface of the first part or of the second part.

[0031] Thus, the connecting device makes it possible to prevent one or other of the two parts from having an open cavity after their separation. This makes it possible, in particular, to avoid drag effects in the case of a flying machine.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the connecting pin is fully retracted within either the first cavity or the second cavity in the separation configuration.

[0033] Thus, the connecting device makes it possible to prevent the connecting pin from protruding outside one or other of said parts after separation of the parts. In this way, it is not likely to come into contact with external elements. This also makes it possible to avoid drag effects in the case of a flying machine.

[0034] The present invention also relates to a flying and / or spacecraft or a droppable object comprising at least two parts. According to the invention, said flying and / or spacecraft or the droppable object comprises at least one connecting device as described above for connecting said parts. In a particular embodiment, it comprises a plurality of such connecting devices.

[0035] The present invention also relates to a method for separating two parts connected together using at least one connecting device (as described above). According to the invention, starting from a locked configuration in which the two parts are securely connected together by the connecting device, said method comprises, in order to separate the two parts, at least the following series of steps implemented successively: - an unlocking step of controlling the pressure generator to generate pressure in the first chamber so as to move the plunger to release the locking elements to unlock the connecting pin and release the two parts from the predetermined force; and - a separation step, implemented after the unlocking step, in which the plunger, moved by the pressure generated by the pressure generator, opens the fluid passage(s) between the first chamber and the second chamber, so as to allow the fluid in the first chamber to pass into the second chamber and transfer there the pressure generated by the pressure generator to move the connecting pin until it generates an impact on a stop arranged on one of the two parts to initiate the separation of said two parts. Brief description of the figures

[0036] The attached figures will make it clear how the invention can be implemented. In these figures, identical references designate similar elements.

[0037] [Fig.l] is a sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a connecting device in a locked configuration.

[0038] [Fig.2] is a sectional view of the connecting device of [Fig.l] in an unlocked configuration.

[0039] [Fig. 3] is a view of the connecting device of [Fig. 1] in an intermediate configuration between the unlocked configuration and a separation configuration.

[0040] [Fig.4] is a sectional view of the connecting device of [Fig.l], in the separation configuration.

[0041] [Fig.5] is a sectional view of a first particular embodiment of the connecting device in the locked configuration.

[0042] [Fig.6] is a sectional view of a second particular embodiment of the connecting device in the locked configuration.

[0043] [Fig.7] is a sectional view of a third particular embodiment of the connecting device in the locked configuration. Detailed description

[0044] The separable connecting device 1 (hereinafter device 1) making it possible to illustrate The invention is shown in particular embodiments from [Fig.l] to [Fig.5]. This device 1 is intended to securely connect at least two parts together. In the context of the present invention, the term "part" may refer to single elements or to subassemblies comprising several elements. For example, the device 1 may be adapted to attach a simple element to a support or to secure a more complex subassembly to a main structure.

[0045] Furthermore, the device 1 is intended to allow, when desired, the detachment and separation of the two parts. It therefore allows not only to free the two parts from the interactions which hold them together, but also to move them away from each other after detachment.

[0046] Although not exclusively, the device 1 is particularly suitable for applications in the fields of aeronautics, aerospace and defense. Examples clearly illustrating the possible applications for the device 1 will be presented in the remainder of this description.

[0047] A first embodiment of the device 1, shown in [Fig. 1] to [Fig. 4], is described in detail below. This is a preferred embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to this first embodiment and may be implemented in various ways. Examples of other particular embodiments will be detailed later.

[0048] In the embodiment shown in [Fig.l] to [Fig.4], the device 1 is configured to be able to securely connect a part 2 and a part 3 together and to be able to separate them at a desired time.

[0049] In a particular example, part 2 is part of a main set, namely a set that one wishes to keep after the separation of parts 2 and 3. As for part 3, it is part of a secondary set, namely a set that one wishes to separate at a particular time. Alternatively, the roles of parts 2 and 3 can be reversed.

[0050] As shown in [Fig.l] to [Fig.4], the device 1 comprises a connecting pin 4 configured to be able to be arranged, at least partially, in the parts 2 and 3.

[0051] More particularly, the connecting pin 4 comprises an end 5 configured to be able to be arranged in a cavity 6 of the part 2 and an end 7 configured to be able to be arranged in a cavity 8 of the part 3. When the connecting pin 4 is thus arranged in the parts 2 and 3, it is capable of holding them together and then, when desired, of separating said parts 2 and 3.

[0052] To do this, the device 1 is configured to be able to take several configurations in which the connecting pin 4 ensures the maintenance or separation of the parts 2 and 3.

[0053] In a so-called locked configuration, shown in [Fig.l], the connecting pin 4 holds the parts 2 and 3 together with a predetermined force pressing them against each other.

[0054] Furthermore, in a so-called unlocked configuration, shown in [Fig.2], the connecting pin 4 releases the parts 2 and 3 from the predetermined force and no longer holds them together.

[0055] Furthermore, in a so-called separation configuration, shown in [Fig.3] and [Fig.4], the connecting pin 4 is moved so as to initiate (or generate) a separation of the parts 2 and 3, moving them away from each other. These configurations will be described in more detail below.

[0056] The cavities 6 and 8 can be made directly in the parts 2 and 3. However, they can also be made in added parts, such as housings, which are fixed to said parts 2 and 3. The cavities 6 and 8 have, respectively, mouths 9 and 10 (visible in [Fig.4]) intended to be opposite each other when the parts 2 and 3 are held against each other. The mouth 10 of the part 3 has a bore 11 capable of guiding the connecting pin 4 in translation as explained below.

[0057] The connecting pin 4 has a substantially cylindrical longitudinal shape. It is configured to be able to slide relative to the parts 2 and 3 in its longitudinal direction. To do this, the connecting pin 4 comprises a main section 12 extending longitudinally to its end 5. It also comprises a collar 13 at its end 7. The main section 12 is configured to be able to cooperate with the bore 11 formed at the mouth 10. The collar 13, for its part, is configured to be able to cooperate with a bore 14 arranged in the cavity 8 of the part 3. By "cooperate", it is meant that the connecting pin 4 can slide in an adjusted manner in the bores 11 and 14. More precisely, the bore 11 is provided with an internal surface 15 capable of serving as a guide surface for the main section 12. Similarly, the bore 14 is provided with an internal surface 16 capable of serving as a guide surface for the collar 13.

[0058] In other embodiments, the connecting pin 4 may have various shapes capable of allowing translational movement of said connecting pin 4 relative to the parts 2 and 3. For example, the connecting pin 4 may have a section shape other than a circular section, such as a square section or a rectangular section.

[0059] Furthermore, the device 1 comprises a movable plunger 17 arranged in a cavity 18 formed inside the connecting pin 4. The plunger 17 corresponds to a rod provided, at one of its ends, with a head 19 and, at its other end, with a piston 20. The head 19 is arranged in a bore 21 of the cavity 18, on the side of the end 5 of the connecting pin 4. The piston 20 is arranged in a bore 22 of the cavity 18, on the side of the end 7 of the connecting pin 4. The head 19 and the piston 20 are able to cooperate, respectively, with the bores 21 and 22 so that the plunger 17 can slide longitudinally relative to the connecting pin 4.

[0060] Furthermore, the device 1 comprises an elastic element 23 arranged in the connecting pin 4. The elastic element 23 is capable of exerting an elastic force on the plunger 17. The elastic element 23 is, in particular, capable of holding the plunger 17 in abutment towards the end 7 of the connecting pin 4 in the locked configuration. In the first embodiment, the elastic element 23 corresponds to a compression spring 23A (hereinafter spring 23A). In other embodiments, it may be another usual element (for example a wedge) capable of exerting a force on the plunger 17.

[0061] The spring 23A is arranged in the cavity 18 of the connecting pin 4 between a shoulder 24 of said cavity 18 and the piston 20 of the plunger 17. The spring 23A is configured to bear against the shoulder 24 at one of its ends and against the piston 20 at its other end so as to exert an elastic force on the plunger 17. This elastic force is capable of holding the plunger 17 towards the end 7 of the connecting pin 4 when the device 1 is in the locked configuration described below.

[0062] The device 1 also comprises movable locking elements 25 capable of being moved to protrude from the connecting pin 4 so as to block the latter in translation as described below. In the first embodiment, the locking elements 25 correspond to balls 25A. In other embodiments, they may be other usual elements capable of being moved so as to block the translation of the connecting pin 4.

[0063] The balls 25A are housed in openings 26 of the connecting pin 4. These openings 26 correspond to through holes extending radially relative to the longitudinal direction of the connecting pin 4. The openings 26 open into the cavity 18, on the one hand, and outside the connecting pin 4 on the other hand. More particularly, the openings 26 are arranged so as to be opposite the head 19 of the plunger 17 so that the balls 25A can be in contact with said head 19.

[0064] The connecting pin 4 may comprise usual elements for holding the balls 25A, for example a grid or a crimped elastic ring.

[0065] The position of the balls 25A depends, among other things, on the part of the head 19 facing the openings 26. Indeed, depending on the position of the plunger 17 (longitudinally relative to the connecting pin 4) a different portion of the head 19 is facing the openings 26. One of these portions of the head 19 has a cylindrical surface 27 of substantially the same diameter as the bore 21 (in which the head 19 can slide). When the surface 27 faces the openings 26, the balls 25A are in contact with said surface 27 so as to be held to protrude out of the connecting pin 4 ([Fig.l]). Another portion of the head 19 has an inclined surface 28 of conical shape whose diameter decreases relative to that of the surface 27 to form a slope. When the inclined surface 28 faces the openings 26, the balls 25A can move towards the inside of the connecting pin 4 ([Fig.3] and [Fig.4]). The inclined surface 28 is configured so that the balls 25A can be housed in the openings 26 without protruding out of the connecting pin 4.

[0066] In addition, the cavity 6 of the part 2 comprises a groove 29 capable of receiving the balls 25A when they protrude from the connecting pin 4. When the balls 25A are held in the groove 29 by the head 19 of the plunger 17, they are capable of blocking a translation of the part 2 relative to the connecting pin 4. Indeed, in this position, the balls 25A are capable of preventing the part 2 from moving longitudinally in a direction SI, illustrated by an arrow SI from [Fig.l] to [Fig.4].

[0067] Furthermore, the connecting pin 4 is configured to be able to come to bear on the part 3, at its end 7, so as to block a translation of said part 3. More particularly, the collar 13 is configured to be able to come to bear against a shoulder 31. In this configuration, shown in [Fig. 1], the connecting pin 4 is capable of preventing the part 3 from moving longitudinally in a direction S2, opposite to the direction S1 and illustrated by an arrow S2 from [Fig. 1] to [Fig. 5].

[0068] In the embodiment shown in [Fig.l] to [Fig.4], the support between the collar 13 and the shoulder 31 is obtained by indirect contact, in particular via adjustable elements specified below. However, in other embodiments, this support between the collar 13 and the shoulder 31 can be obtained by direct contact.

[0069] The parts 2 and 3, assembled with the connecting pin 4 as described above, are locked in translation relative to each other. However, for assembly reasons, there is play in the connection between the parts 2 and 3 and the connecting pin 4. This play is compensated by prestressing the assembly as described below.

[0070] In the embodiment shown in [Fig.l] to [Fig.4], the device 1 comprises a plurality of clamping screws 32 making it possible to obtain indirect contact between the collar 13 and the shoulder 31. The clamping screws 32 are screwed into the collar 13 in a through manner. They each have a bearing end 33 capable of coming to bear against the shoulder 31. The tightening of the clamping screws 32 makes it possible to put the assembly under prestressing.

[0071] The device 1 may comprise a single clamping screw 32. However, preferably, it comprises at least two clamping screws 32. In addition, the clamping screws 32 are arranged regularly around the circumference of the collar 13. In this way, a force is obtained overall support of the connecting pin 4 on the part 3 which is homogeneous and balanced. This makes it possible, in particular, to increase the reliability of the device 1.

[0072] However, in other embodiments, the clamping screws 32 may be distributed heterogeneously around the circumference of the collar 13. This makes it possible to concentrate the predetermined force for prestressing the parts 2 and 3 at a particular location depending on the stresses to which the parts 2 and 3 are likely to be subjected.

[0073] Furthermore, the device 1 comprises a pressure generator 34 capable of being controlled to generate pressure. The device 1 comprises, in particular, a chamber 35 configured to receive the pressure generated by the pressure generator 34. The chamber 35 is arranged in the cavity 18 of the connecting pin 4. It is delimited longitudinally by the piston 20 and by a wall 30 at the end 7 of the connecting pin 4.

[0074] The plunger 17 is arranged opposite the chamber 35 so that the piston 20 is capable of forming a hermetic (movable) wall between said chamber 35 and the rest of the cavity 18. The piston 20 is configured to be subjected to the action of the pressure generated in the chamber 35 so as to move the plunger 17 by compressing the spring 23A. The chamber 35 therefore has a variable volume which varies when the plunger 17 is moved. The movement and the particular positions taken by the plunger 17 will be detailed below in the description of the configurations of the device 1.

[0075] The pressure generator 34 corresponds to a system for distributing a fluid (gas or liquid) capable of generating pressure using said fluid. It may be an internal system, namely directly arranged on the connecting pin 4, or a remote external system. For example, as shown in [Fig.l] to [Fig.7], the pressure generator 34 may correspond to a pyrotechnic cartridge generating gas. It may also be a hydraulic or pneumatic system equipped with a pump or a pressurized gas bottle controlled by a pilot valve.

[0076] Furthermore, the pressure generator 34 is configured to be able to be controlled by a control system or a conventional triggering system (not shown) on board the device 1. Thus, the control of the gas generator is independent of external conditions, which makes the device 1 particularly reliable.

[0077] In the embodiment shown in [Fig.l] to [Fig.4], the pressure generator 34 is arranged on an insert 38 fixed to the end 7 of the connecting pin 4. The insert 38 corresponds to an interface part used to fix the pressure generator 34. It also serves as a stop for the piston 20 when the plunger 17 is held by the spring 23A in the locked configuration. However, other usual elements can be used as a stop for the piston 20, for example a stop ring or a particular shape of the plunger 17 and / or the connecting pin 4.

[0078] The chamber 35 is formed partly in the cavity 18 and partly in the insert 38. The chamber 35 is capable of undergoing the pressure generated by the pressure generator 34 without being damaged and / or deformed by the latter. The pressure generator 34 comprises an orifice 39 opening into the chamber 35 so as to allow the fluid from the pressure generator 34 to enter the chamber 35 and generate pressure therein.

[0079] The device 1 is configured to be able to take, successively, the locked configuration ([Fig.l]), the unlocked configuration ([Fig.2]) and the separation configuration ([Fig.3] and [Fig.4]) which are described below.

[0080] In the locked configuration, shown in [Fig.l], the device 1 holds the parts 2 and 3 together by pressing them firmly against each other. To do this, the connecting pin 4 is locked between the parts 2 and 3. More precisely, it is arranged between the parts 2 and 3 so as to block them in translation. The translation of the part 2 is blocked in the direction S1 and the translation of the part 3 is blocked in the direction S2, as specified below. In addition, the parts 2 and 3 are pressed against each other so as to also block the rotation of one relative to the other.

[0081] In this locked configuration, the plunger 17 is held by the spring 23A in a position PI shown in [Fig.l]. In this position PI, the piston 20 is in abutment against the insert 38. In addition, the surface 27 of the head 19 is opposite the openings 26 of the connecting pin 4. The balls 25A are therefore held in the groove 29 of the part 2 by the head 19 of the plunger 17, as illustrated by arrows E1 in [Fig.l]. The part 2 is therefore blocked in translation by the connecting pin 4 in the direction S1 and by the part 3 in the direction S2.

[0082] Furthermore, in this locked configuration, the clamping screws 32 bear against the shoulder 31 of the part 3. The part 3 is therefore blocked in translation by the connecting pin 4 in the direction S2 and by the part 2 in the direction SL. Furthermore, the tightening of the clamping screws 32 prestresses the parts 2 and 3 against each other so as to withstand external forces in translation and rotation.

[0083] Thus, in the locked configuration, parts 2 and 3 are both blocked in translation (on one side as on the other) and in rotation. They are therefore linked together by device 1.

[0084] Furthermore, in this locked configuration, an external face 40 of the part 2 is pressed against an external face 41 of the part 3 with a predetermined force, represented by a double arrow F in [Fig.l]. This predetermined force is obtained by tightening the clamping screws 32. Indeed, the tightening of the clamping screws 32 generates a relative displacement of the connecting pin 4 with respect to the part 3. This displacement relative movement of the connecting pin 4 with respect to the part 3 causes the parts 2 and 3 to move towards each other until the external faces 40 and 41 come into contact. When the external faces 40 and 41 are in contact with each other, tightening the clamping screws 32 makes it possible to define the force with which it is desired to press the parts 2 and 3 against each other.

[0085] Thus, in the locked configuration, the device 1 is not only capable of connecting the parts 2 and 3 together, but also of prestressing them against each other. This prestress is adjustable using the clamping screws 32, which makes it possible to obtain the desired predetermined force between the parts 2 and 3. The prestress can, in particular, be adjusted to be able to take up particular forces and / or moments between the parts 2 and 3. By "taking up" forces and / or moments, it is meant that any external force and / or moment exerted on one of the parts 2 and 3 is transmitted to the other part without relative movement between said parts 2 and 3. For example, the prestress can be adjusted (i.e. the parts 2 and 3 can be pressed against each other with sufficient force) to be able to take up: - axial forces (longitudinally relative to the connecting pin 4); - transverse forces (radially relative to the connecting pin 4); - normal (torsional) moments; and - bending moments (transverse to the support between parts 2 and 3).

[0086] In the unlocked configuration, shown in [Fig.2], the device 1 releases the parts 2 and 3 from the predetermined force pressing them against each other. To do this, the connecting pin 4 is unlocked so as to no longer block the translation of the part 2 in the direction SI, as specified below.

[0087] In this unlocked configuration, the plunger 17 is moved into a position P2 shown in [Fig. 2]. To reach this position P2, it is moved by a pressure generated by the pressure generator 34 in the chamber 35 so as to compress the spring 23A. Thus, the inclined surface 28 of the head 19 of the plunger 17 comes opposite the openings 26 allowing the balls 25A to enter said openings. The position P2 corresponds to the position of the plunger 17 in which the balls 25A can enter sufficiently into the openings 26 to no longer block the translation of the part 2 in the direction SL

[0088] Thus, in the unlocked configuration, parts 2 and 3 are no longer subjected to the prestress pressing them against each other. In addition, they are no longer securely connected to each other since the connecting pin 4 no longer blocks the translation of one relative to the other.

[0089] The unlocked configuration can be obtained at a particular desired time. Indeed, the device 1 is configured so that the pressure generator 34 can be controlled by an order generated at a specific time. Preferably, this is an order generated automatically, for example at a predetermined time or when certain conditions are met. It can also be an order generated by an operator.

[0090] Furthermore, in the separation configuration, shown in [Fig.3] and [Fig.4], the device 1 separates the parts 2 and 3 by moving them away from each other. To do this, the connecting pin 4 is moved so as to come into contact against a stop 42 of the part 3. The shock generated by the contact of the connecting pin 4 against the stop 42 makes it possible to give an impulse to the part 3. This impulse is configured to initiate the separation of the parts 2 and 3.

[0091] In this separation configuration, the plunger 17 is moved into a position P3 by the pressure generated by the pressure generator 34 in the chamber 35. The position P3 corresponds to a position of the plunger 17 in which the latter opens fluid passages 43. The fluid passages 43 correspond to through holes made radially in the connecting pin 4. They are arranged so as to open, at one of their ends, into the cavity 8 of the part 2 and, at their other end, into the cavity 18 of the connecting pin 4. More precisely, they open into the cavity 8 at the level of a second chamber 44.

[0092] The chamber 44, shown in Figures 3 and 4, corresponds to a free space provided between the external wall of the connecting pin 4 and the internal wall of the cavity 8. The chamber 44 is therefore arranged around the connecting pin 4. It is delimited longitudinally by a lateral face 45 of the collar 13 and an edge 46 of the bore 11. The connecting pin 4 is configured to hermetically close the chamber 44. To do this, the device 1 comprises seals (not shown) arranged in grooves 47 and 48 ([Fig.3] and [Fig.4]), respectively, on the connecting pin 4 and in the cavity 8.

[0093] When the plunger 17 is in position P3, the piston 20 opens the fluid passages 43 so as to allow the fluid generating the pressure in the chamber 35 to pass into the chamber 44, as illustrated by arrows G in [Fig. 3]. When the plunger 17 is in position P3, the pressure generator 34 is therefore able to generate pressure in the chamber 44.

[0094] In the separation configuration, the pressure generator 34 is configured to generate a pressure in the chamber 44 capable of moving the connecting pin 4 in the direction S2. Indeed, the pressure in the chamber 44 is capable of producing a force on the lateral face 45 of the collar 13, oriented longitudinally in the direction S2. The connecting pin 4 is configured to transmit this force to the balls 25A so as to force them towards the inside of said connecting pin 4, as illustrated by arrows E2 in [Fig. 3]. To do this, the groove 29 has a shape which tends to direct the balls 25A towards the inside of the connecting pin 4 when the latter exerts a force on the 25A balls in the S2 direction.

[0095] Depending on the geometry of the connecting pin 4 and the groove 29, the balls 25A can enter by themselves towards the connecting pin 4 in the unlocked configuration.

[0096] Furthermore, the device 1 is configured so that, when the pressure in the chamber 44 reaches a threshold pressure generating a so-called separation force on the collar 13, the balls 25A are moved inside the connecting pin 4, as shown in [Fig. 4]. The separation force, illustrated by arrows H in [Fig. 4], corresponds to a force making it possible to confer a desired dynamic to the connecting pin 4. On the one hand, the separation force makes it possible to overcome the friction between the balls 25A and the groove 29 in order to make them enter inside the openings 26 if necessary. On the other hand, it makes it possible to move the connecting pin 4, with more or less energy (in particular with more or less speed), until it generates a shock in contact with the stop 42.

[0097] In the embodiment shown in [Fig.3] to [Fig.4], the stop 42 corresponds to an elastic ring 42A. This elastic ring 42A is arranged in a groove provided for this purpose in the cavity 8 of the part 2. In other embodiments, the stop 42 can be made by other usual elements making it possible to create an obstacle for the connecting pin 4. For example, it can be a particular shape provided on the part 3 or an added part such as a crown fixed to the part 3.

[0098] Thus, in the separation configuration, the parts 2 and 3 are no longer linked together and they are physically separated from each other. Indeed, the contact of the connecting pin 4 on the elastic ring 42A creates a shock (more or less violent) giving an impulse to the part 3 longitudinally in the direction S2. Under the effect of this shock, the part 3 is moved away from the part 2. This shock is, in particular, configured to move the part 3 sufficiently away from the part 2 so that the connecting pin 4 is completely out of the cavity 6. Depending on the application considered, other forces may contribute to the separation of the parts 2 and 3, for example aerodynamic forces or the inertia of the parts 2 and 3.

[0099] In the embodiment shown in [Fig.l] to [Fig.4], the connecting pin 4 is retracted into the part 3 after the separation of the parts 2 and 3. Thus, it is the secondary assembly (part 3) which keeps the connecting pin 4 and not the main assembly (part 2). This makes it possible to minimize the mass of the part of the device 1 which remains on the part 2 after the separation of the parts 2 and 3.

[0100] Furthermore, as shown in [Fig.4], the device 1 is configured so that the connecting pin 4 is fully retracted inside the cavity 8 after the separation of the parts 2 and 3. In this way, the connecting pin 4 does not include any part located outside the part 3 which would be likely to come into contact with external elements or disrupt an aerodynamic flow. This characteristic can, in particular, be important in the context of separation of objects in an aerial environment or in weightlessness (or pseudo-weightlessness).

[0101] The device 1 as described above is therefore a single device which can, on its own, perform at least three functions: - it allows parts 2 and 3 to be securely connected together with a pre-stress configured to prevent any relative movement between parts 2 and 3; - it allows, when an order to control the pressure generator 34 is generated, to dissociate the parts 2 and 3 by releasing them from said prestress; and - it allows you to separate rooms 2 and 3 by moving them away from each other.

[0102] Furthermore, as shown schematically in [Fig.3] and [Fig.4], the device 1 comprises a movable plug 49 arranged in the cavity 6 of the part 2. It also comprises a compression spring shown schematically by a dotted line 50 in [Fig.4]. The spring is arranged between a bottom 51 and the plug 49 so as to exert an elastic force on said plug 49 by pushing it towards the mouth 9 of the cavity 6. For reasons of simplification of the drawings, the plug 49 is shown only in [Fig.3] and [Fig.4].

[0103] In the locked configuration and the unlocked configuration, the device 1 is configured so that the connecting pin 4 bears against a face 52 of the cap 49 so as to hold it towards the bottom 51 by compressing the spring.

[0104] In the separation configuration, the device 1 is configured so that the connecting pin 4, moved in the direction S2, releases the plug 49. Under the action of the spring, the plug 49 is then able to be moved towards the mouth 9 so as to close it.

[0105] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the face 52 of the plug 49 has an aerodynamic shape adapted to the external face 40 of the part 2. This face 52 is configured to match the shape of the external face 40 when the plug closes the mouth 9.

[0106] Thus, after the separation of parts 2 and 3, the cavity 6 of part 2 is closed by the plug 49. This makes it possible to prevent external elements from interfering with the cavity 6. Depending on the application considered, this can make it possible to limit drag effects likely to be generated at the level of the cavity 6, or to prevent a thermal flux from entering the cavity 6 (for example for an atmospheric exit or entry).

[0107] In other embodiments, the plug 49 may be configured and / or arranged differently to close the cavity 6. In addition, it may be arranged on one or other of the parts 2 and 3. The device 1 may also comprise a plug on each of the parts 2 and 3.

[0108] Particular embodiments of the device 1 are described below. The first three embodiments below relate to variant embodiments for obtain the predetermined force allowing parts 2 and 3 to be prestressed.

[0109] In a first embodiment, shown in [Fig.5], the pre-stressing enabling parts 2 and 3 to be held pressed against each other is obtained using the spring 23A rather than with the clamping screws 32. Alternatively, this pre-stressing can be obtained by other usual elements such as spring washers.

[0110] In this first embodiment, the groove 29 of the cavity 6 comprises a particular slope 53. Indeed, this slope 53 and the inclined surface 28 of the head 19 of the plunger 17 are configured to allow the spring 23A to hold the balls 25A in the groove 29 while exerting a force on the part 2, as detailed below.

[0111] The device 1 according to this first embodiment is shown in the locked configuration in [Fig. 5]. In this locked configuration, the lateral face 45 of the collar 13 of the connecting pin 4 is in direct contact with the shoulder 31 of the part 3. In addition, the plunger 17 is held, under the action of an elastic force exerted by the spring 23A in the position PI in which it holds the balls 25A in the groove 29.

[0112] However, in this first embodiment, the position PI corresponds to a position of the plunger 17 in which the inclined surface 28 of the head 19 is opposite the openings 26. Indeed, the spring 23A exerts an elastic force on the plunger 17 which is transmitted to the balls 25A, via the inclined surface 28. This elastic force makes it possible to move the balls 25A in the groove 29 until contact with the slope 53. The slope 53 is configured to block the exit of the balls 25A. The slope 53 and the inclined surface 28 do not necessarily have the same inclination.

[0113] In this position, the balls 25 are sufficiently displaced in the groove 29 to lock the connecting pin 4 in translation. However, the balls 25A cannot move out further because they are blocked by the slope 53. Consequently, in this position, the balls 25A are able to transmit the elastic force of the spring 23A (itself transmitted by the plunger 17) to the part 2, as illustrated by arrows E3 in [Fig.5].

[0114] Furthermore, in this first embodiment, the unlocked configuration and the separation configuration are similar to those described in the first embodiment presented above.

[0115] In this first embodiment, the characteristics of the spring 23A, namely its stiffness and its length, make it possible to define the predetermined force with which the parts 2 and 3 are pressed against each other.

[0116] Thus, in this particular embodiment, the locking of the connecting pin 4 ensuring the function of holding the parts 2 and 3 together and the pressing of the parts 2 and 3 against each other ensuring the prestressing function are obtained by the action of a single element, namely the spring 23A.

[0117] In a second embodiment, shown in [Fig.6], the prestressing enabling the parts 2 and 3 to be pressed against each other is obtained by a different arrangement of the clamping screws 32. In this second embodiment, the device 1 comprises a rear flange 54 fixed to the part 3 on the side of the end 7 of the connecting pin 4 in the direction S2. The rear flange 54 comprises through holes for the clamping screws 32. The clamping screws 32 are arranged through the rear flange 54 so that their threaded end is screwed into the collar 13 of the connecting pin 4.

[0118] In this way, the clamping screws 32 are supported against the rear flange 54 at their screw head and screwed into the connecting pin 4. Tightening the clamping screws 32 allows the connecting pin 4 to be pulled in the direction S2. In the locked configuration shown in [Fig.6], the balls 25A are extended. Consequently, tightening the clamping screws 32 allows the parts 2 and 3 to be pressed against each other with a desired predetermined force.

[0119] In a third embodiment, shown in [Fig.7], the prestressing enabling the parts 2 and 3 to be pressed against each other is obtained using a nut 57 screwed onto the connecting pin 4. In this third embodiment, the connecting pin 4 has an extension 55 at its end 7. This extension 55 comprises a thread 56 for screwing the nut 57. Furthermore, the nut 57 is configured to bear against a bearing surface 58 of the part 3 when it is screwed onto the thread 56. The device 1 may comprise an intermediate part or a washer between the nut 57 and the part 3.

[0120] The device 1 is configured so that, by screwing the nut 57 into the thread 56, it is possible to pull the connecting pin 4 in the direction S2 while bearing on the part 3. In the locked configuration shown in [Fig.7], the balls 25A are out. Consequently, the nut 57 makes it possible, by pulling the connecting pin 4, to press the parts 2 and 3 against each other with a desired predetermined force.

[0121] In another particular embodiment (not shown), the device 1 is configured so as to obtain a greater shock when the connecting pin 4 comes into contact with the elastic ring 42A. This powerful shock is obtained by generating a significant separation force to propel the connecting pin 4 against the elastic ring 42A. To do this, the device 1 is configured so that the plunger 17, when moved by the pressure generated by the pressure generator 34 in the chamber 35, reaches the position P3 before reaching the position P2. In other words, the fluid passages 43 are opened by the plunger 17 while the connecting pin 4 is still locked by the balls 25A. This allows the pressure in the chamber 44 to increase without the connecting pin 4 being moved. A greater separation force can therefore be obtained.

[0122] The device 1 is configured so that the plunger 17 is moved into position P2 when the pressure in the chamber 44 is capable of generating a separation force with a desired intensity. When the plunger 17 is in position P2, the connecting pin 4 is unlocked and can be moved against the elastic ring 42A by producing a sharp shock.

[0123] Thus, it is possible to obtain a device 1 with a movement of the connecting pin 4, and therefore a separation of the parts 2 and 3, which is adapted to the application considered. Indeed, depending on the embodiment envisaged, the positions P2 and P3 of the plunger 17 can be configured to obtain a more or less rapid and sudden retraction of the connecting pin 4 generating a more or less powerful shock.

[0124] For example, one of the parts 2 and 3 may comprise equipment sensitive to shocks and / or strong vibrations, such as electronic equipment. The device 1 makes it possible to obtain a separable connection with a reduced shock level, so that this equipment is not damaged or disturbed during the separation of the parts 2 and 3. Conversely, if the parts 2 and 3 are insensitive to shocks and / or vibrations, it is possible to provide a device 1 configured to separate the parts 2 and 3 by moving them more clearly and more quickly away from each other. The separation obtained by such a device 1 would, however, remain less brutal than the known separations by detonation (for example by explosive nut).

[0125] Furthermore, in alternative embodiments (not shown), the locking elements 25 correspond to other usual elements than the balls 25A. Depending on the alternative embodiment envisaged, it is possible to obtain bearing surfaces between the locking elements 25 and the groove 29 capable of supporting more or less significant maximum locking forces.

[0126] In a first variant, the locking elements 25 correspond to rollers or barrels. In addition, the groove 29 has a shape adapted so that, in the locked configuration, the rollers or barrels have a linear support in said groove 29.

[0127] In a second variant, the locking elements 25 correspond to wedges or keys. In addition, the groove 29 has a shape adapted so that, in the locked configuration, the wedges or keys have a surface support in said groove 29.

[0128] In the context of the present invention, the device 1 as described above is capable of implementing a method of connecting and separating (hereinafter method) the parts 2 and 3. In a particular embodiment, described below, the method is implemented by a single device 1. In other embodiments, the method can be implemented by a plurality of devices 1.

[0129] The method is intended to allow the separation of parts 2 and 3 joined together. together by the device 1 in the locked configuration. To do this, the method comprises an unlocking step and a separation step implemented successively.

[0130] Prior to the unlocking step, and to the separation step, the method may comprise a connecting step. This connecting step consists of connecting the parts 2 and 3 together using a device 1.

[0131] First, parts 2 and 3 are brought together so that cavities 6 and 8 are opposite each other. Connecting pin 4 is then inserted into cavity 8 of part 3, then slid in direction S1 so that its end 5 is housed in cavity 6 of part 2. In order for connecting pin 4 to be slid into part 2, plunger 17 is manually moved so that balls 25A can be entered into openings 26. Connecting pin 4 can then be slid in direction S1 until openings 26 are opposite groove 29. When this is the case, plunger 17 is released and, under the action of spring 23A, it moves and holds balls 25A in groove 29.

[0132] Once the balls 25A are in the groove 29, the clamping screws 32 are screwed in to come into contact with the shoulder 31 of the part 3. The connecting pin 4 is then pulled in the direction S2, driving the part 2, via the balls 25A, against the part 3. A suitable tightening of the clamping screws 32 is carried out to obtain a desired predetermined force pressing the parts 2 and 3 against each other. Thus, the parts 2 and 3 are securely connected together with a prestress.

[0133] At a predetermined time, for example when certain conditions are met, the parts 2 and 3 are separated from each other. To do this, the unlocking step is first implemented. This step consists of controlling the pressure generator 34 so that it generates pressure in the chamber 35. Preferably, the pressure generator 34 is controlled by an automatically generated order. The pressure generated in the chamber 35 then moves the plunger 17 into the position P2 which releases the balls 25A. The release of the balls 25A allows them to enter the openings 26 to unlock the connecting pin 4. Once the unlocking step is complete, the parts 2 and 3 are released from the prestress and are no longer held together.

[0134] The separation step is implemented after the unlocking step. In this separation step, the plunger 17 is moved into position P3 by the pressure generated in the chamber 35. The plunger 17 then opens the fluid passages 43 between the chambers 35 and the chamber 44. The fluid generating the pressure in the chamber 35 is thus able to pass into the chamber 44 to generate pressure there. The pressure in the chamber 44 moves the connecting pin 4 in the direction S2 since the latter is now unlocked. The connecting pin 4, under the action of the pressure in the chamber 44, is moved until it comes into contact with the elastic ring 42A. The shock produced by this contact generates the separation of parts 2 and 3 by moving part 3 away from part 2.

[0135] In a particular embodiment, the method is intended to obtain a more marked separation of the parts 2 and 3. To do this, the unlocking step and the separation step vary as specified below.

[0136] The unlocking step consists of generating pressure in the chamber 44 before unlocking the connecting pin 4. To do this, from the locked configuration, the pressure generator 34 is controlled to generate pressure in the chamber 35. Firstly, the pressure in the chamber 35 moves the plunger 17 into position P3 in which it opens the fluid passages 43. The fluid in the chamber 35 therefore passes into the chamber 44 to generate pressure there. Since the connecting pin 4 is still locked, it is not moved by the pressure in the chamber 44. Consequently, the pressure in the chamber 44 increases.

[0137] In a second step, the pressure in the chamber 35 increases so as to move the plunger 17 into the position P2. In this position P2, the plunger 17 releases the balls 25A which unlock the connecting pin 4. The connecting pin 4 is then propelled quickly and abruptly against the elastic ring 42A. Indeed, as the pressure in the chamber 44 has been able to increase, the separation force propelling the connecting pin 4 is greater. Consequently, the impact against the elastic ring 42A is also greater.

[0138] The device 1 as described above is a compact device suitable for a wide variety of applications. Indeed, it has a simple architecture and kinematics which can be adapted to many systems, in particular flying and / or spacecraft such as rockets or weapons systems such as missiles. In particular, it can be integrated into a craft independently, that is to say it only requires one order to operate.

[0139] Furthermore, the device 1 is a single-use device (“one shot” in English) which can be quickly controlled and which can be fully embedded. In addition, it can be easily rearmed by an external action, in particular manually.

[0140] In the context of an application to a rocket, the device 1 may be intended to link and separate elements of the rocket in flight. Indeed, rockets generally comprise elements such as stages, boosters and / or fairings which are useful only during takeoff and / or during the first phases of flight. Once they are no longer useful, these elements must be detached in flight in order to lighten the rocket.

[0141] In the context of an application to a missile, the device 1 may be intended to link and separate elements such as a booster in flight. It may also be intended to link and separating a missile and a container or a missile and a ground or in-flight firing interface.

[0142] The device 1 as described above has many advantages. In particular: - it allows, with a single device, to ensure: the holding of parts 2 and 3 against each other with pre-stressing, the detachment of said parts 2 and 3 and their separation; - it allows to obtain a pre-stress to link parts 2 and 3 which is easily adjustable; - depending on the embodiment envisaged, it comprises locking elements 25 adapted to a more or less significant holding force of the parts 2 and 3; - depending on the method of implementation envisaged, it allows for a separation of parts 2 and 3 which is more or less clear and brutal; - it makes it possible to limit the undesirable effects linked to the connecting pin 4 and to the cavities 6 and 8 after the separation of the parts 2 and 3 (contact between the connecting pin 4 and external elements, drag effects for a flying machine); - it allows to minimize the mass carried on the main assembly (part 2) after the separation of parts 2 and 3; - it features a robust, single-use design resulting in a reliable device; and - it features a simple and compact design that makes it easy to integrate into various systems.

Claims

Claims

1. Separable connecting device for two parts, said connecting device (1) comprising a connecting pin (4) configured to be able to be arranged, at least partially, in a first cavity (6) of a first of said parts (2) and in a second cavity (8) of the second of said parts (3), said connecting pin (4) being able to hold said parts (2, 3) together and to separate them, characterized in that the connecting device (1) comprises a movable plunger (17) arranged in the connecting pin (4) and a pressure generator (34) able to be controlled and configured to generate a pressure, said connecting device (1) being configured to be able to successively take the following configurations: - a so-called locked configuration, in which the plunger (17), held by an elastic element (23), acts on locking elements (25) which lock the connecting pin (4) between the two parts (2, 3), said connecting pin (4) being configured to exert a predetermined force on said parts (2, 3) by pressing them against each other when it is locked by the locking elements (25); - a so-called unlocked configuration, in which the plunger (17), moved by a pressure generated by the pressure generator (34) in a first chamber (35), releases the locking elements (25) so as to unlock the connecting pin (4) and to release the two parts (2, 3) from the predetermined force exerted by said connecting pin (4); and - a so-called separation configuration, in which the plunger (17), displaced by the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34) in the first chamber (35), opens at least one fluid passage (43) between said first chamber (35) and a second chamber (44) so ​​as to allow the fluid in the first chamber (35) to pass into the second chamber (44) and to transfer there the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34), the connecting pin (4) being displaced by said pressure in the second chamber (44) until it generates an impact on a stop (42) arranged on one of said parts (2, 3) so as to initiate the separation of the two parts (2, 3).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: - in the first cavity (6), a groove (29) capable of receiving the locking elements (25), said locking elements (25) being held in said groove (29) by a head (19) of the plunger (17), in the locked configuration, so as to lock the connecting pin (4) longitudinally in a first direction (SI); and - in the second cavity (8), a shoulder (31) capable of receiving at least a portion of the connecting pin (4) in abutment, said connecting pin (4) being held against said shoulder (31), in the locked configuration, so as to lock the connecting pin (4) longitudinally in a second direction (S2), opposite to the first direction (SI).

3. Device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the second cavity (8) of the second part (3) comprises the second chamber (44), said second chamber (44) corresponding to a free space provided between an external wall of the connecting pin (4) and an internal wall of the cavity (8).

4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at least one clamping screw (42) capable of being screwed into the connecting pin (4) and of coming to bear on the second part (3), in the locked configuration, so as to obtain the predetermined force pressing the first part (2) and the second part (3) against each other, the tightening of the clamping screw (42) making it possible to adjust said predetermined force.

5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a nut (57) configured to be screwed onto a thread (56) of an extension (55) of the connecting pin (4) while bearing against the part (3), in the locked configuration, so as to obtain the predetermined force pressing the first part (2) and the second part (3) against each other, the tightening of the nut (57) making it possible to adjust said predetermined force.

6. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the groove (29) comprises a slope (53) and the plunger (17) comprises an inclined surface (28), said slope (53) and said inclined surface (28) being configured so that, in the locked configuration, the plunger (17) acts on the locking elements (25), under the action of an elastic force exerted by the elastic element (23), so as to maintain said locking elements (25) in the groove (29) while transmitting said elastic force to one of the two parts (2,3), via the inclined surface (28) and said slope (53), so as to press said parts (2,3) against each other with the predetermined force, the characteristics of the elastic element (23) making it possible to define said predetermined force.

7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fluid passage(s) (43) between the first chamber (35) and the second chamber (44) are arranged so that, when the plunger (17) is moved under the effect of the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34), said plunger (17) opens said fluid passages (43) after it has released the locking elements (25).

8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fluid passage(s) (43) between the first chamber (35) and the second chamber (44) are arranged so that, when the plunger (17) is moved under the effect of the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34), said plunger (17) opens said fluid passages (43) before it has released the locking elements (25).

9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fluid passage(s) (43) between the first chamber (35) and the second chamber (44) are arranged so that, when the plunger (17) is moved under the effect of the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34), said plunger (17) opens said fluid passages (43) substantially at the same time as it releases the locking elements (25).

10. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the locking elements (25) correspond to balls (25A) and in that, in the locked configuration, the connecting device (1) is configured to obtain point contact between said balls (25A) and one of the first and second parts (2, 3) capable of locking the connecting pin (4).

11. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the locking elements (25) correspond to one of the following elements, rollers or barrels, and in that, in the locked configuration, the connecting device (1) is configured to obtain a linear contact between said locking elements (25) and one of the first and second parts (2, 3) capable of locking the connecting pin (4).

12. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the locking elements (25) correspond to one of the following elements, wedges or keys, and in that, in the locked configuration, the connecting device (1) is configured to obtain a surface contact between said locking elements (25) and one of the first and second parts (2, 3) capable of locking the connecting pin (4).

13. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the pressure generator (34) corresponds to one of the following fluid generating systems: a gas generating pyrotechnic cartridge, a fluid generating cartridge, a pneumatic system, a hydraulic system.

14. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one of the first and second parts (2, 3) comprises a movable plug (49) configured to close, in the separation configuration, a mouth (9, 10) of the first cavity (6) or of the second cavity (8), said plug (49) comprising a face (52) provided with an aerodynamic shape capable of matching an external surface (40, 41) of the first part (2) or of the second part (3).

15. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, in the separation configuration, the connecting pin (4) is fully retracted inside one or other of the first and second cavities (6,8).

16. Flying and / or spacecraft comprising at least two parts, characterized in that it comprises at least one connecting device according to any one of claims 1 to 15 connecting said parts together.

17. A method of separating two parts connected together using at least one connecting device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that from a locked configuration in which the two parts (2, 3) are securely connected together by the connecting device (1), said method (P) comprises, to separate the two parts (2, 3), at least the following series of steps implemented successively: - an unlocking step consisting of controlling the pressure generator (34) so ​​that it generates pressure in the first chamber (35) so as to move the plunger (17) in order to release the locking elements (25) to unlock the connecting pin (4) and release the two parts (2, 3) from the predetermined force; and - a separation step, implemented after the unlocking step, in which the plunger (17), moved by the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34), opens the fluid passage(s) (43) between the first chamber (35) and the second chamber (44), so as to allow the fluid in the first chamber (35) to pass into the second chamber (44) and to transfer there the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34) to move the connecting pin (4) until it generates an impact on a stop (42) arranged on one of the two parts (2, 3) to initiate the separation of said two parts (2, 3).

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