Electrical power supply circuit of a vehicle electrical energy storage unit

Abstract

Power supply circuit (1) of an electrical energy storage unit (2), this power supply circuit comprising: - a primary sub-circuit (4), suitable for connection to a voltage network (5), and - a secondary sub-circuit (6), suitable for connection to an electrical energy storage unit (2), the primary sub-circuit (4) and the secondary sub-circuit (6) being configured so as to exchange electrical energy without contact by inductive coupling, the primary sub-circuit (4) comprising: - an inverter / rectifier (21), comprising at least two switching arms (7), each switching arm (7) comprising two electronic controllable switches (12) in series on either side of a midpoint (8), - a primary inductive cell (10) for the exchange of electrical energy with the secondary sub-circuit (6) without contact by inductive coupling, and - a transformer (11),having at least one primary winding (13) mounted between two midpoints (8) of the inverter / rectifier (21), and one secondary winding (14) mounted with the primary inductive cell (10). Abbreviated figure: Fig. 1,

Description

Title of the invention: Power supply circuit for a vehicle electrical energy storage unit

[0001] The present invention relates to a contactless electrical power supply circuit for a vehicle electrical energy storage unit.

[0002] The electrical energy storage unit has, for example, a nominal voltage of 12V, 48V, 60V or more, for example greater than 300V, for example 400V, 800V or 1000V.

[0003] It is known to electrically power a vehicle electrical energy storage unit by contactless transmission using inductive coupling at a power of between 3 and 50 kW, when the vehicle is stationary or when it is moving. This power supply by contactless transmission is then carried out by means of distant electrical sub-circuits that are magnetically coupled and tuned to the same resonant frequency. The magnetically coupled sub-circuits each implement an LC-type resonant cell. However, to transmit a satisfactory power level, in particular several kW, it is necessary to operate at high frequencies, in particular of the order of 85 kHz or more, for the resonant frequency of each resonant sub-circuit. In addition, this type of solution requires operating at a short distance between the two sub-circuits.The frequency and power levels mentioned above, for implementation in kW, may also constitute a danger to the health of people exposed nearby, or a danger to the environment in general.

[0004] The solution according to the international application filed under No. PCT / EP2023 / 076297 on 09 / 22 / 2023 in the name of Valeo Systèmes de Contrôle Moteur, which is not part of the published state of the art, consists of applying an alternating voltage to the terminals of a primary inductive cell coupled by inductive coupling to a secondary inductive cell which, by impedance adaptation, makes it possible to transmit low-frequency electrical energy into an electrical energy storage unit, for example an electric vehicle battery. With such a solution, the transmissible power and the efficiency are limited by the value of the direct voltage at the input of the inverter / rectifier supplying the primary inductance cell and by the value of the voltage at the terminals of the electrical energy storage unit.However, increasing the DC voltage value at the input of this inverter / rectifier involves increasing the size of the switches of this inverter / rectifier and also leads to an increase in the equivalent series resistance ("ESR" in English) of the primary inductive cell. This increase in the equivalent series resistance can create . parasitic behaviors that may affect the efficiency of electrical energy transfer. Another alternative is to increase the number of turns of the inductance of the primary inductive cell, which again has consequences on the value of the equivalent series resistance, but also on the cost and weight of this inductance.

[0005] There is a need to provide a power supply for an electrical energy storage unit by contactless exchange by inductive coupling, which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks.

[0006] The invention aims to meet this need and achieves this, according to one of its aspects, using an electrical power supply circuit for an electrical energy storage unit, this electrical power supply circuit comprising:

[0007] - a primary sub-circuit, capable of being connected to a voltage network, and

[0008] - a secondary sub-circuit, capable of being connected to an energy storage unit electric,

[0009] the primary sub-circuit and the secondary sub-circuit being configured so as to exchange electrical energy without contact by inductive coupling,

[0010] the primary sub-circuit comprising:

[0011] - an inverter / rectifier, comprising at least two switching arms, each switching arm comprising two controllable electronic switches arranged on either side of a midpoint,

[0012] - a primary inductive cell for contactless exchange by inductive coupling of electrical energy with the secondary sub-circuit, and

[0013] - a transformer, having at least one primary winding mounted between two midpoints of the inverter / rectifier, and a secondary winding mounted with the primary inductive cell.

[0014] The presence, in the primary sub-circuit, of a transformer makes it possible to increase the alternating voltage applied to the terminals of the primary inductive cell, without modifying the value of the direct voltage on the direct input of the inverter / rectifier of this primary sub-circuit. This increases the power available for the transfer of electrical energy between the primary sub-circuit and the secondary sub-circuit. The transformer may be of reduced size and cost, the latter having for example a weight of the order of 5 kg. This transformer may have a magnetic circuit of high permeability. It comprises for example a core made of ferrite, or iron powder, or even nanocrystalline.

[0015] The transformer has, for example, a transmission ratio N of between 1 and 10, for example equal to 1.5 or 2 or 3, so that the voltage across the terminals of the secondary winding is equal to N times the voltage across the terminals of the primary winding of the transformer.

[0016] The inverter / rectifier may comprise exactly two switching arms, and the transformer may comprise a single primary winding mounted between the two midpoints of the inverter / rectifier. For example, no physical component is interposed between the two midpoints of the inverter / rectifier and the primary winding of the transformer.

[0017] The primary inductive cell may be connected in series with the secondary winding of the transformer, which means that any current flowing in the primary inductive cell also flows in the secondary winding of the transformer. In this case, the primary inductive cell and the secondary winding of the transformer may be the only electrical components of a mesh of the primary sub-circuit, which means that in such a case, the sum:

[0018] - the voltage across the secondary winding of the transformer in receiver agreement, and

[0019] - of the voltage across the terminals of the primary inductive cell in receiver convention

[0020] is zero.

[0021] Alternatively, when the primary inductive cell is connected in series with the secondary winding of the transformer, another physical component such as a capacitor may be connected in series with the secondary winding of the transformer and the primary inductive cell.

[0022] The invention is not limited to the presence of a single transformer in the primary sub-circuit. Alternatively, several transformers may be cascaded between the inverter / rectifier and the primary inductive cell, in order to further increase the voltage across the terminals of the primary inductive cell.

[0023] In all of the above, the primary inductive cell can be constituted by the series association of a capacitor and an inductance.

[0024] Alternatively, in all of the above, the primary inductive cell may be constituted by an inductor, the switching arms of the inverter / rectifier being controlled so that the voltage across the terminals of the secondary winding of the transformer emulates the presence of a capacitor connected in series with the primary inductive cell. Such a control making it possible to obtain this emulation is described in the application filed in France on June 2, 2023 by the Applicant under number 23 05573. The content of this application is incorporated by reference into the present application with regard to the control of the duty cycles of the switching arms of the inverter / rectifier.

[0025] The contactless exchange by inductive coupling of electrical energy can be done at a frequency lower than 5 kHz, for example lower than 3 kHz, or even lower than 2 kHz or 1 kHz, in particular still substantially equal to 400 Hz or 50 Hz. In this case, the inductance of the primary inductive cell can be made of metal wire, such as copper. Such a metal wire is solid, as opposed to Litz wire. A solid metal wire does not have its cross-section hollowed out. Alternatively, this inductance of the primary inductive cell is made of Litz wire. Alternatively, the contactless exchange by inductive coupling of electrical energy can be done at a frequency of 85 kHz. In this variant, Litz wire is advantageously used to make the inductance of the primary inductive cell.

[0026] Where appropriate, the primary sub-circuit may comprise another inverter / rectifier mounted upstream of the inverter / rectifier at the midpoints of which the primary winding of the transformer is mounted, and this other inverter / rectifier makes it possible to rectify the alternating voltage received from the network when the load is carried out from an alternating voltage network. This other inverter / rectifier can then perform a power factor correction function. Such a correction allows, in a known manner, that the current drawn from the network is as close as possible to a perfect sine wave at the network pulse. This reduces the reactive current and the sub-harmonics which increase the energy losses in conduction.

[0027] In all of the above, the secondary sub-circuit may comprise:

[0028] - a secondary inductive cell for contactless energy exchange, and

[0029] - an inverter / rectifier capable of performing impedance matching of the impedance on the AC input of this inverter / rectifier, regardless of the impedance of the electrical energy storage unit.

[0030] The secondary inductive cell and the primary inductive cell are advantageously chosen so that they have the same resonance frequency.

[0031] The inverter / rectifier of the secondary sub-circuit comprises, for example, two switching arms, one of these two arms being controlled to switch at the frequency of the electrical energy exchanged without contact by inductive coupling and with a duty cycle of 50%, and the other of these two arms being controlled to switch at a frequency higher than that of said electrical energy and with a duty cycle modulated according to the alternating current flowing in the secondary inductive cell and the voltage on the alternating input of this inverter / rectifier. The impedance on the alternating input of the inverter / rectifier of the secondary sub-circuit is represented by the ratio V / I where V is the voltage across the terminals of the secondary inductive cell and I the intensity of the current flowing through it.Impedance matching thus makes it possible to impose on the alternating input of the inverter / rectifier of the secondary sub-circuit an impedance independent of that of the electrical energy storage unit, which promotes contactless exchange by inductive coupling of low-frequency electrical energy.

[0032] Each switch of a switching arm is for example an electronic switch- controllable electronics.

[0033] Alternatively, each switching arm comprises two electronic switches, only one of which is controllable.

[0034] The secondary inductive cell may be constituted by the series association of a capacitor and an inductor. Alternatively, and similarly to what has been mentioned in relation to the primary inductive cell, the secondary inductive cell may be constituted by an inductor, the switching arms of the inverter / rectifier of the secondary sub-circuit being controlled so that the voltage across the AC input of this inverter / rectifier emulates the presence of a capacitor connected in series with the secondary inductive cell.

[0035] In the case of a contactless exchange by inductive coupling of electrical energy at a frequency lower than 5 kHz, the inductance of the secondary inductive cell can be made of metal wire, such as copper. Such a metal wire is solid, as opposed to Litz wire. A solid metal wire does not have its cross-section hollowed out. Alternatively, this inductance of the secondary inductive cell is made of Litz wire.

[0036] In all of the above, the secondary sub-circuit may comprise the electrical energy storage unit. The latter may be a lithium-ion type battery. This battery has, for example, a nominal voltage of 12V, 48V, 60V or more, for example greater than 300V, for example 400V, 800V or 1000V.

[0037] In all of the above, the electrical network provides, for example, a nominal effective voltage of 230V with a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The electrical network is, for example, single-phase. The electrical network is, for example, a regional or national electrical network. Alternatively, it may be an independent local network, comprising, for example, one or more batteries powered by energy sources such as wind turbines, solar panels, fuel cells or hydroelectric generators.

[0038] As a further variant, the electrical network can provide a direct voltage.

[0039] The electrical circuit may comprise a control unit configured to control the switching arms of the primary sub-circuit and / or the secondary sub-circuit. For the purposes of the present invention, when an arm switches, each of its two controllable electronic switches is opened and closed in a complementary manner with the same switching frequency.

[0040] In all of the above, the control unit may be configured to control the various switching arms so as to selectively perform:

[0041] - a charge of the electrical energy storage unit from the voltage network, Or

[0042] - a load of the voltage network from the electrical energy storage unit.

[0043] Thus, depending on the need, the exchange of electrical energy can be carried out in a one way or the other.

[0044] In all of the above, each switching arm comprises controllable electronic switches, in particular exclusively electronic switches which are controllable, and each controllable electronic switch is for example a transistor, for example bipolar, MOS or IGBT, or a thyristor. Each controllable electronic switch is for example bidirectional.

[0045] In all of the above, the control unit may be a digital processing circuit, for example an ASIC (Application-specific integrated circuit) or a microcontroller. This control unit may control all the switching arms of the electrical circuit, whether they belong to the primary sub-circuit or to the secondary sub-circuit.

[0046] The control unit may alternatively comprise a primary sub-circuit control module and a secondary sub-circuit control module.

[0047] Alternatively, each sub-circuit has its own control unit, the latter being able to be a digital processing circuit such as a microcontroller.

[0048] The invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a component for the electrical power supply of an electrical energy storage unit, comprising the electrical circuit as defined above, the component defining in particular a structure supporting the primary sub-circuit and the secondary sub-circuit in a rigidly coupled manner. Such a component is commonly called an “on-board charger”. This component is capable of being embedded in a hybrid or electric vehicle.

[0049] The invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a device for supplying electricity to an electrical energy storage unit, comprising:

[0050] - a charging station for a hybrid or electric vehicle, in which is arranged the primary sub-circuit of the electrical circuit as defined above or to which this primary sub-circuit is electrically connected, and

[0051] - a component capable of being embedded in a hybrid or electric vehicle, in in which the secondary sub-circuit of the electrical circuit as defined above is arranged.

[0052] This terminal then receives electrical energy from an electrical network via a cable which can be a single-phase cable or a three-phase cable. In this case, the primary circuit and the secondary circuit are not integrated into the same physical component.

[0053] The invention may be better understood by reading the following description of a non-limiting example of its implementation and by examining the attached drawing in which:

[0054] [Fig.l] schematically represents an electrical supply circuit according to a example of implementation of the invention.

[0055] [Fig.l] shows a circuit 1 for supplying electricity to an electrical energy storage unit 2. This electrical energy storage unit 2 is, for example, a vehicle battery, which may have a nominal voltage of 48V, 60V, 300V, 400V, 800V or more. This battery is used to supply an electric or hybrid vehicle propulsion system.

[0056] This electrical power supply circuit 1 comprises:

[0057] - a control unit 3,

[0058] - a primary sub-circuit 4, capable of being connected to a voltage network 5, and

[0059] - a secondary sub-circuit 6, comprising the electrical energy storage unit 2.

[0060] The electrical power supply circuit 1 implements a contactless exchange of electrical energy by inductive coupling between the primary sub-circuit 4 and the secondary sub-circuit 6, for charging the electrical energy storage unit 2.

[0061] The control unit 3 is for example a microcontroller or any digital processing unit.

[0062] In the example considered, the primary sub-circuit 4 comprises:

[0063] - a connector 9 capable of being connected to the electrical network,

[0064] - an inverter / rectifier 21 comprising here two switching arms 7, mounted in parallel and whose operation will be described below,

[0065] - a primary inductive cell 10 whose operation will be described below, and

[0066] - a transformer 11.

[0067] The electrical network 5 is here represented in the form of a direct voltage network but it can alternatively be an alternating voltage network providing for example a nominal effective voltage of 230V with a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Such an alternating voltage electrical network can be single-phase or three-phase. Other voltages are possible, for example a single-phase voltage with an effective value of 120V and a frequency of 60Hz, a two-phase voltage with an effective value of 208V and a frequency of 60Hz or a three-phase voltage of 240V and a frequency of 60Hz, this list not being exhaustive. In the case where the network provides an alternating voltage, another inverter / rectifier not shown is provided between the network and the inverter / rectifier 21, this other inverter / rectifier providing for example a power factor correction function.

[0068] As can be seen in [Fig.l], a capacitor 15 can be arranged in parallel with the two switching arms 7. The latter has, for example, a capacitance between IpF and ImF, for example 1OpF.

[0069] Each arm 7 of the primary sub-circuit 4 here comprises two controllable electronic switches 12, such as MOS, IGBT or bipolar transistors, or thyristors, arranged on either side of a midpoint 8. The two switches 12 of the same switching arm 7 are here controlled using the same duty cycle, one in opposition to the other with a dead time by the control unit 3, although only certain functional control links are shown in [Fig.l].

[0070] The first arm 7 thus comprises two controllable electronic switches 12 and a first midpoint 8 to which a terminal of the primary winding 13 of the transformer 11 is connected and these two controllable electronic switches 12 are controlled according to a duty cycle ah

[0071] The second arm 7 thus comprises two controllable electronic switches 12 and a second midpoint 8 to which the other terminal of the primary winding 13 of the transformer 11 is connected and these two controllable electronic switches 12 are controlled according to a duty cycle a2.

[0072] In the example considered, no physical component is interposed between the two midpoints 8 of the inverter / rectifier 21 and the primary winding 13 of the transformer IL

[0073] The transformer 11 comprises a secondary winding 14 which defines in the example considered a mesh with the primary inductive cell 10. In other words, as can be seen in [Fig.l], the sum:

[0074] - of the voltage across the secondary winding 14 of the transformer in receiver agreement, and

[0075] - of the voltage across the terminals of the primary inductive cell 10 in receiver convention

[0076] is zero.

[0077] The primary winding 13 and the secondary winding 14 of the transformer 11 are dimensioned so that the voltage across the terminals of the secondary winding 14 is equal to N times the voltage across the terminals of the primary winding 13, N being for example equal to 3.

[0078] The primary inductive cell 10 may be formed by the series association of: an inductor allowing the generation of magnetic energy, and a capacitor, to form a resonant cell. The inductor has for example a value between 100pH and 100mH and the capacitor has a capacitance between 10 nF and 1 mF. The inductor is for example produced by winding a copper wire, other than Litz wire.

[0079] In the variant shown in [Fig.l], the primary inductive cell 10 is formed by an inductance only. No physical capacitor is present, the presence in series of this capacitor with the inductance of the primary inductive cell 10 being emulated by the control of the switching arms 7 by the primary control unit 3 using the duty cycles ai and a2. Here again, the inductance is for example produced by winding a copper wire

[0080] An example of secondary sub-circuit 6 will now be described with reference to [Fig.l]. This secondary sub-circuit 6 comprises a secondary inductive cell 20 for the contactless exchange of energy with the primary inductive cell 10, and an inverter / rectifier 23, capable of carrying out an adaptation of the equivalent impedance on its alternating input (therefore on the side of the secondary inductive cell 20), so as to vary this impedance independently of the impedance of the electrical energy storage unit 2.

[0081] The inverter / rectifier 23 comprises in the example described two switching arms 24 arranged in parallel, each arm comprising two controllable electronic switches 12 arranged on either side of a midpoint 25.

[0082] The two switches 12 of the same switching arm 24 are here controlled using the same duty cycle, one in opposition to the other with a dead time by the control unit 3, although only certain functional control links are shown in [Fig.l].

[0083] The first arm 24 thus comprises two controllable electronic switches 12 and a first midpoint 25 to which a terminal of the secondary inductive cell 20 is connected and these two controllable electronic switches 12 are controlled according to a duty cycle a3.

[0084] The second arm 24 thus comprises two controllable electronic switches 12 and a second midpoint 25 to which the other terminal of the secondary inductive cell 20 is connected and these two controllable electronic switches 12 are controlled according to a duty cycle a4.

[0085] The secondary inductive cell 20 can be formed by the series association of: an inductor making it possible to recover the magnetic energy from the primary inductive cell 10, and a capacitor, thus forming a resonant cell. In the example considered, the inductor has a value between ImH and lOOmH and the capacitor has a capacitance between lOOpF and lOOmF. The inductor is for example produced by winding a copper wire, other than Litz wire. In the variant shown in [Fig.l], the secondary inductive cell 20 is formed by an inductor only. No physical capacitor is present, the presence in series of this capacitor with the inductor of the secondary inductive cell 20 being emulated by the control of the switching arms 24 by the primary control unit 3 using the duty cycles a3 and a4. Here again, the inductance is for example made by winding a copper wire.

[0086] Furthermore, the control unit 3 acts in the example described on the control of the inverter / rectifier 23 so as to vary the equivalent impedance RRef at the terminals of the alternating input, defined between the two midpoints 25 of the switching arms 24, independently of the impedance on the continuous output of this inverter / rectifier 23.

[0087] The equivalent impedance RRef is represented by the ratio V / I where V is the voltage between the two midpoints 25, and I the intensity of the current flowing in the secondary inductive cell 20.

[0088] RRef has for example a value between 0.1 Q and 20 Q, in particular between 5 Q and 15 'Q. For a given recharging configuration, this configuration being in particular determined by at least one of: the position of the secondary sub-circuit 6 relative to the primary sub-circuit 4 and / or the power level to be transmitted and / or the voltage at the terminals of the electrical energy storage unit 2, RRef can have a fixed value and this value is for example in the aforementioned range. From one recharging configuration to another, for example in the event of a greater distance between the primary sub-circuit 4 and the secondary sub-circuit 6 and / or to take into account the aging of the system, the value of RRef can be modified, remaining in particular in the aforementioned range.

[0089] The inverter / rectifier 23 of [Fig.l] is for example controlled as follows by the control unit 3, to carry out the impedance adaptation on the alternating input of the inverter / rectifier 23:

[0090] - one of the two switching arms 24 switches at the frequency of the energy electrical exchanged without contact by inductive coupling and with a duty cycle a3 of 50%, and

[0091] - the other of the two switching arms 24 switches at a frequency higher than that of the electrical energy exchanged without contact, for example at least 5 times or 10 times this frequency of the electrical energy exchanged without contact, and with a duty cycle a4 modulated according to the alternating current flowing in the secondary inductive cell 20 and according to the voltage at the terminals of the alternating input of the inverter / rectifier 23. One of the controllable switches 12 of the switching arm 24 which switches at a frequency higher than that of the electrical energy exchanged without contact is for example controlled according to the duty cycle a4 while the other controllable switch of this arm 24 is controlled according to a duty cycle 1-a4, and a4 is for example determined according to the equation below:

[0092] œ4=(RrefxlII) / Vbatt

[0093] where Vbatt denotes the voltage across the terminals of the electrical energy storage unit 2.

[0094] The invention is not limited to the example which has just been described.

[0095] Thus, although only one transformer 11 is shown in [Fig.l], several transformers connected in cascade between the inverter / rectifier 21 and the primary inductive cell 10 can be provided.

[0096] Furthermore, although a single control unit 3 is shown, other embodiments are possible, for example the possibility that a control unit is dedicated to the control of primary sub-circuit 4 and that another control unit is dedicated to the control of secondary sub-circuit 6.

Claims

Claims

1. Electrical power supply circuit (1) for an electrical energy storage unit (2), this electrical power supply circuit comprising: - a primary sub-circuit (4), capable of being connected to a voltage network (5), and - a secondary sub-circuit (6), capable of being connected to an electrical energy storage unit (2), the primary sub-circuit (4) and the secondary sub-circuit (6) being configured so as to exchange electrical energy without contact by inductive coupling, the primary sub-circuit (4) comprising: - an inverter / rectifier (21), comprising at least two switching arms (7), each switching arm (7) comprising two controllable electronic switches (12) in series on either side of a midpoint (8), - a primary inductive cell (10) for the contactless exchange of electrical energy by inductive coupling with the secondary sub-circuit (6), and - a transformer (11),having at least one primary winding (13) mounted between two midpoints (8) of the inverter / rectifier (21), and one secondary winding (14) mounted with the primary inductive cell (10).,

2. A circuit according to claim 1, the inverter / rectifier (21) comprising exactly two switching arms (7), and the transformer (11) comprising a single primary winding (13) mounted between the two midpoints (8) of the inverter / rectifier (21).

3. Circuit according to claim 1 or 2, the primary inductive cell (10) being connected in series with the secondary winding (14) of the transformer (11).

4. Circuit according to claim 3, the primary inductive cell (10) and the secondary winding (14) of the transformer (11) being the only electrical components of a mesh of the primary sub-circuit (4).

5. Circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, the primary inductive cell (10) being constituted by the series association of a capacitor and an inductance.

6. Circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the primary inductive cell (10) being constituted by an inductance, the arms of switching (7) of the inverter / rectifier (21) being controlled so that the voltage across the terminals of the secondary winding (14) of the transformer (11) emulates the presence of a capacitor mounted in series with the primary inductive cell.

7. Circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, the secondary sub-circuit (6) comprising: - a secondary inductive cell (20) for contactless energy exchange, and - an inverter / rectifier (23) capable of performing an impedance adaptation of the impedance on the alternating input of this inverter / rectifier (23), independently of the impedance of the electrical energy storage unit (2).

8. Circuit according to claim 7, the inverter / rectifier (23) of the secondary sub-circuit comprising two switching arms (24), one of these two arms (24) being controlled to switch at the frequency of the electrical energy exchanged without contact by inductive coupling and with a duty cycle of 50%, and the other of these two arms (24) being controlled to switch at a frequency higher than that of said electrical energy and with a duty cycle modulated according to the alternating current flowing in the secondary inductive cell (20) and the voltage on the alternating input of this inverter / rectifier (23).

9. Circuit according to claim 7 or 8, the secondary inductive cell (20) being constituted by the series association of a capacitor and an inductance.

10. Circuit according to any one of claims 7 to 9, the secondary inductive cell (20) being constituted by an inductance, the switching arms (24) of the inverter / rectifier (23) of the secondary sub-circuit (6) being controlled so that the voltage across the AC input of this inverter / rectifier (23) emulates the presence of a capacitor connected in series with the secondary inductive cell (20).

11. Component for the electrical supply of an electrical energy storage unit (2), comprising the electrical circuit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, the component defining in particular a structure supporting in a rigidly coupled manner the primary sub-circuit (4) and the secondary sub-circuit (6).

12. Device for supplying electricity to an electrical energy storage unit (2), comprising: - the electrical circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, - a charging terminal for a hybrid or electric vehicle, in which the primary sub-circuit (4) of the electrical circuit (1) is arranged or to which this primary sub-circuit (4) is electrically connected, and - a component capable of being embedded in a hybrid or electric vehicle, in which the secondary sub-circuit (6) of the electrical circuit (1) is arranged.

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