Automated docking station for spectrometer and associated measuring method

Abstract

Automated docking station for spectrometer and associated measurement method The invention relates to a measurement system (1) and the associated measurement method, the system comprising an FTIR spectrometer (2) comprising a tracker module (20), a protection device (3) comprising a housing (30) and a protection module (31) movable between a closed position (P0), and at least one open position (P1). For this, the protection module (31) comprises a movable cover (310) rotating about an axis (A1) parallel to the main extension plane of an upper surface (30a) of the housing (30), so as to pass between the closed position (P0) and the at least one open position (P1), and an actuator (311) configured to drive the passage between the closed position (P0) and the at least one open position (P1). Figure for the abstract: Fig. 1A

Description

Title of the invention: Automated docking station for spectrometer and associated measuring method Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of atmospheric measurement systems. It finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of atmospheric column measurement in external environmental conditions by remote sensing. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] In order to measure atmospheric parameters, for example molecules present in the atmosphere such as greenhouse gases, there are so-called remote sensing solutions consisting of the acquisition of the solar spectrum by a spectrometer. These spectra provide access to the nature and quantity of molecules present in the atmospheric column measured between the instrument and the sun, hence the name atmospheric column measurement.

[0003] For this, the instrument used may be a Fourier transform spectrometer, such as the EM27 / SUN spectrometer marketed by the company Bruker Optics. This spectrometer comprises a tracker module configured to follow the path of the sun and direct the solar radiation, and commonly the direct solar radiation, into the spectrometer for the acquisition of atmospheric data, and more particularly the solar spectrum in the infrared domain.

[0004] The instrument is therefore typically installed outdoors and in the sun to acquire usable data. There is then a risk that the instrument will be damaged in the event of sudden bad weather, for example rain, hail or snow. Indeed, the spectrometer is generally not waterproof and the tracking module is not protected from bad weather.

[0005] It is known from the documents Heinle, L. et al.: Automated enclosure and protection System for compact solar-tracking spectrometers, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2173-2185, 10.5194 / amt-l 1-2173-2018, 2018 and Dietrich, Florian et al.: MUCCnet: Munich Urban Carbon Column network, Atmos. Meas. Tech, 14. 1111-1126, 10.5194 / amt-14-llll-2021, 2018, a protection device comprising a box in which a main body of the spectrometer is housed. The protection device further comprises a protection module movable between a closed position, in which the protection module completely surrounds the tracker module, and an open position, in which the protection module does not completely surround the tracker module such that the tracker module is exposed to sunlight. The protection module more particularly comprises a first cover and a second dome-shaped hood. The first hood is arranged inside the second hood, and the two hoods are rotatable relative to each other along a substantially vertical axis of rotation. The relative rotation of the two hoods makes it possible to define an oblong and substantially vertical opening through which the tracker can receive sunlight.

[0006] In practice, this solution remains complex to implement, which can limit its robustness. For example, the relative rotation of the two covers makes it more complex to obtain a good seal. Since the opening defined by the two covers is narrow, the position of the opening must also be adapted according to the coordinates of the location and the time of day, in order to follow the path of the sun. This solution is also limited for measurements at low latitudes.

[0007] An object of the present invention is therefore to propose a solution improving the use of a Fourier transform spectrometer for measuring atmospheric data.

[0008] Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings. It is understood that other advantages may be incorporated. SUMMARY

[0009] To achieve this objective, according to a first aspect, an atmospheric data measurement system is provided, comprising - a Fourier transform spectrometer comprising a so-called "tracker" module configured to follow the path of the sun and direct direct sunlight into the spectrometer for the acquisition of atmospheric data, and more particularly an infrared spectrum providing access to the atmospheric data, - a protection device comprising on the one hand a box having an upper surface, and on the other hand a so-called "protection" module arranged on said upper surface, the protection module being movable between a closed position, in which the protection module completely surrounds the tracker module, and at least one open position, in which the protection module does not completely surround the tracker module so that the tracker module is exposed to sunlight. The protection module further comprises an actuator configured to actuate the passage between the closed position and the at least one open position.

[0010] Advantageously, the protection module comprises: - a movable cover rotating around an axis substantially parallel to the main extension plane of the upper surface of the box, so as to pass between the closed position and at least one open position, - an actuator configured to rotate the movable cover between the closed position and at least one open position.

[0011] Thus, the transition between the closed position and an open position can be obtained by rotating a single movable cover part. The number of parts allowing the opening and closing of the protection module is reduced. This minimizes friction and limits the risk that the opening or closing of the protection module becomes blocked, for example by dust or sand. It is therefore understood that the protection module allows a transition between the closed position and an open position in a simpler and more robust manner.

[0012] Due to the forward / backward tilting movement of the movable cover, according to the rotational movement around the axis substantially parallel to the main extension plane of the upper surface of the box, an opening is obtained for the passage of light which is not limited in a transverse direction. It is thus not necessary to follow the path of the sun in a measurement day. The measurement system is therefore simplified.

[0013] Furthermore, again due to the forward / backward tilting movement of the movable cover, good sealing is easier to achieve than in existing solutions. Since the movable cover completely covers the tracker module in the closed position, water runoff during bad weather can be more easily managed, compared to existing solutions using seals following the vertical opening and which can contribute to friction during the relative rotation of the two covers.

[0014] The system therefore allows simplified and robust protection of the tracker module compared to existing solutions, which facilitates the use of the spectrometer. More particularly, this use can be facilitated in the long term, the lifetime of the system being able to be increased.

[0015] A second aspect relates to a method for measuring atmospheric data in an atmospheric column, comprising: - a supply of the measuring system according to the first aspect, - an opening of the movable hood by the actuator, so as to pass the hood movable in the at least one open position by a rotational movement around an axis substantially parallel to the main extension plane of the upper surface of the box, and thus exposing the tracker module to direct sunlight, - at least one measurement of atmospheric data by the Fourier transform spectrometer, the cover being in at least one open position, - a closing of the movable cover by the linear actuator, so as to move the movable cover into the closed position by a rotational movement around of said axis.

[0016] The effects and advantages of the system according to the first aspect therefore make it possible to simplify and make more robust the opening and closing of the protection module, compared to existing solutions. It is therefore understood that the measurement process is thus facilitated, particularly in the long term.

[0017] According to a separable or combinable aspect, the invention relates to a method for measuring atmospheric data columns, comprising: - a supply of a measuring system comprising: • a Fourier transform spectrometer comprising a so-called “tracker” module configured to follow the path of the sun and direct light from the sun into the spectrometer for the acquisition of atmospheric data, • a protection device comprising on the one hand a box having an upper surface and on the other hand a so-called “protection” module arranged on said upper surface, the protection module being movable between a closed position, in which the protection module defines a closed volume in which the tracker module is at least partly contained, and at least one open position, in which the tracker module is exposed to sunlight, • a sunshine sensor, for example a sensor of a sunshine level or preferably a sunshine duration, - an opening of the protection module, so as to move the protection module into at least one open position and thus expose the tracker module to sunlight, - at least one measurement of atmospheric data by the Fourier transform spectrometer, the protection module being in at least one open position, - closing the protection module, so as to move the protection module into the closed position, and - prior to at least one of the opening and closing of the protection module, at least a first measurement and a second measurement of an external condition relating to a level of sunshine and / or rain by the sunshine sensor and / or the rain detector respectively, the first and second measurements being spaced apart in time, and - a decision-making process relating to at least one of opening and closing the protection module, such that: • the protection module is open when the first and second sunshine level measurements are above a threshold value, • the protection module is closed when the first and second sunlight level measurements are below a threshold value.

[0018] Thus, the decision-making regarding the opening and / or closing of the protection module is managed automatically and timed to avoid multiple openings and closings of the protection module when the weather is changing, for example when a cloud passes briefly in front of the sun. This therefore facilitates the measurement process. The mechanics of the protection device are preserved, which limits wear on the measurement system. This solution is particularly advantageous when the protection module comprises a movable cover rotating about an axis substantially parallel to the main extension plane of the upper surface of the box. Given the amplitude of the forward / backward tilting movement of the movable cover, this makes it possible to maximize data acquisition when the weather is changing, and to limit the opening and / or closing movements of the movable cover. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0019] The aims, objects, as well as the characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the detailed description of an embodiment thereof which is illustrated by the following accompanying drawings in which:

[0020] [Fig.lA][Fig.lB] Figures 1A, 1B represent an overall perspective view of the measuring system according to an exemplary embodiment. In [Fig.lB], the upper face of the box is not shown.

[0021] [Fig.2A] Figures 2A and 2B represent a side view of the protection module respectively in the open position and in the closed position, according to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in figures 1A, 1B.

[0022] [Fig.2B]

[0023] [Fig.3A] Figures 3A and 3B represent an exploded perspective view of the upper surface of the box and the protection module, respectively from a front viewpoint and a rear viewpoint, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0024] [Fig.3B]

[0025] [Fig.4A] [Fig.4A] represents an exploded side view of the protection module, according to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Figures 3A and 3B.

[0026] [Fig.4B] [Fig.4B] represents a sectional view of the assembled protection module, according to the embodiment illustrated in [Fig.4A].

[0027] [Fig.5] [Fig.5] shows a top view of the cooperation between the module of protection and the tracker module, the protection module being in the open position, according to the embodiment illustrated in Figures 4A and 4B.

[0028] [Fig.6] [Fig.6] represents a flowchart of the measurement method implementing the measurement system, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0029] [Fig.7] [Fig.7] schematically represents the system architecture of the measurement system, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0030] [Fig.8] Figures 8 to 10 represent examples of data acquisition according to the opening and / or closing state of the protection module.

[0031] [Fig.9]

[0032] [Fig. 10]

[0033] [Fig. 11] [Fig. 11] represents an example of hysteresis of the opening state of the mobile box.

[0034] The drawings are given as examples and are not limiting of the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and are not necessarily on the scale of practical applications. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Before beginning a detailed review of embodiments of the invention, optional features which may possibly be used in combination or alternatively are set out below.

[0036] According to one example, the spectrometer comprises a main body and the tracker module. The housing may be configured to accommodate the main body of the spectrometer. In particular, the housing may define a volume in which at least the main body of the spectrometer is contained.

[0037] According to one example, the protection module comprises a plate called "sealing" plate arranged between the upper surface of the housing and the movable cover, and configured to form a sealed interface between the tracker module and the housing. The sealing plate therefore makes it possible to form an interface between the tracker module exposed to the outside and the housing housing other components, such as the main body of the spectrometer or other elements such as, for example, a battery or controllers. This limits the risk of water and / or dust entering the interior of the housing. This is particularly advantageous because the opening for the passage of light is not limited in a transverse direction, the interior of the protective device being able to be more exposed.

[0038] According to one example, the sealing plate has an opening having a first periphery, and the tracker module has a second external periphery at the level of the sealing plate, the first periphery being of complementary shape. to the second circumference, and preferably the first circumference and the second circumference are connected by a seal. Thus, the sealing plate adapts to the tracker module so as to form the sealed interface.

[0039] According to one example, the upper surface of the box has an opening, the tracker module protruding from the opening so as to be surrounded by the movable cover at least when the protection module is in the closed position, and in which the sealing plate is configured to cover said opening. The sealing plate covering the opening of the upper face of the box, the water can run off the sealing plate to slide on the outside of the box, including in the open position of the cover. The sealing of the box is therefore improved.

[0040] According to one example, the opening of the box is surrounded at least in part, and preferably entirely, by a border forming a relief on the upper surface of the box, and in which the sealing plate is configured to complementary cover the relief formed by the border. The border thus forms a barrier to water which could infiltrate by capillarity between the sealing plate and the box. As the sealing plate complementary covers this border, the runoff of water from the plate onto the box is improved. The risk of a leak inside the box is therefore further limited.

[0041] According to one example, the actuator is a linear actuator and the actuator articulates the movable cover and the sealing plate together. Thus, the linear actuator connects the movable cover and the sealing plate to form a whole. The protection module is therefore detachable from the casing and allows it to be removed from the casing more simply, for example for maintenance or in the event of the linear actuator becoming blocked.

[0042] According to one example, the protection module comprises a support frame arranged between the upper surface of the box and the movable cover, preferably between the sealing plate and the movable cover, on which the movable cover is rotatably mounted, the movable cover resting on the support frame in the closed position. The support frame thus allows the movable cover to be raised to facilitate its rotation. The support frame may further accommodate a system for fixing the movable cover to the support frame, for example at least one hinge, so as to allow the movable cover to rotate. The support frame may further accommodate a seal on a shoulder and thus ensure permeability to the weather when the movable cover is closed. This support may be fixed in a detachable manner, for example by screwing, in order to ensure the modularity of the protection device.

[0043] According to one example, the measurement system further comprises at least one sensor chosen from: a sunshine sensor, a rain detector, a temperature sensor, a relative humidity sensor and a pressure sensor. These sensors can therefore be added to the spectrometer to complete the solar spectrum measurement, for example to automate the actuation of the protection module. According to one example, the protection device comprises at least one of these sensors. According to a preferred example, the measuring system further comprises at least the sunshine sensor and the rain detector. The protection system 1 can thus be automated according to the data from these sensors. According to one example, the sunshine sensor is configured to determine whether the device is subjected to direct sunlight. The sensor is preferably a sunshine duration sensor. The WMO (World Meteorological Organization) defines sunshine duration as the time during which direct solar radiation exceeds the level of 120 W / m2. It makes it possible to indicate the presence of the sun, and therefore the absence of cloud between the sensor and the sun.

[0044] According to one example, the system further comprising a sunshine sensor and / or a rain detector, the system comprises a management circuit configured to control the actuator at least as a function of the data from the sunshine sensor and / or the rain detector. The opening and / or closing of the protection module can thus be automated in order to limit the exposure of the tracking module to bad weather and / or dust.

[0045] According to one example, the measurement system further comprises a thermoregulation module configured to regulate a temperature inside the box, and arranged at least in part, and preferably entirely, outside the box. This allows for better heat dissipation compared to a thermoregulation system arranged in the box, by facilitating heat exchanges with the outside. This also ensures more efficient thermoregulation than a simple fan module as implemented in some of the existing solutions.

[0046] According to one example, the hood is rotatable between the closed position and a maximum open position, over an angular interval greater than or equal to 80°, preferably less than or equal to 90°.

[0047] According to one example, the method comprises: - prior to at least one of the opening and closing of the protection module, at least a first measurement and a second measurement of an external condition relating to sunshine by the sunshine sensor, the first and second measurements being spaced apart in time, and - a decision-making process relating to at least one of opening and closing the protection module, such that: • the protection module is open when the first and second sunshine measurements are greater than an opening threshold value, • the protection module is closed when the first and second sunshine measurements are lower than a closing threshold value, distinct from or equal to the opening threshold value.

[0048] According to one example, the measuring system comprising a rain detector, the method comprises: - detection of rain and / or absence of rain by the rain detector, and - decision-making relating to at least one of opening and closing the protection module, so that: • the protection module is opened when an absence of rain is detected, • the protection module is closed when rain is detected.

[0049] According to one example, the protection module is opened as soon as an absence of rain is detected by the rain detector, and / or the protection module is closed as soon as rain is detected by the rain detector.

[0050] According to one example, the movable cover remains fixed during at least one measurement of atmospheric data, and preferably during a sequence comprising a plurality of measurements of atmospheric data.

[0051] As seen previously, due to the forward / backward tilting movement of the movable cover, according to the rotational movement around the axis substantially parallel to the main extension plane of the upper surface of the box, an opening is obtained for the passage of light which is not limited in a transverse direction. It is thus not necessary to follow the path of the sun during a measurement day. The cover can therefore remain fixed during a solar spectrum measurement, or preferably a solar spectrum measurement sequence.

[0052] In the remainder of the description, the term “on” does not necessarily mean “directly on”. Thus, when it is indicated that a part or member A is supported “on” a part or member B, this does not mean that the parts or members A and B are necessarily in direct contact with each other. These parts or members A and B may be either in direct contact or be supported on each other by means of one or more other parts. The same applies to other expressions such as, for example, the expression “A acts on B”, which may mean “A acts directly on B” or “A acts on B by means of one or more other parts”.

[0053] In the present patent application, the term mobile corresponds to a rotational movement or a translational movement or even to a combination of movements, for example the combination of a rotation and a translation.

[0054] In this patent application, when it is indicated that two parts are distinct, this means that these parts are separate. They can be: - positioned at a distance from each other, and / or - mobile relative to each other and / or - integral with each other by being fixed by added elements, this fixing being removable or not.

[0055] A single-piece unit cannot therefore be made up of two separate parts.

[0056] In the present patent application, the term "integral" used to qualify the connection between two parts means that the two parts are linked / fixed relative to each other, according to all degrees of freedom, unless explicitly specified differently. For example, if it is indicated that two parts are integral in translation in a direction X, this means that the parts can be movable relative to each other, possibly according to several degrees of freedom, excluding the freedom in translation in the direction X. In other words, if one part is moved in the direction X, the other part performs the same movement.

[0057] In the following detailed description, use may be made of terms such as "horizontal", "vertical", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "front", "rear", "inside", "outside". These terms must be interpreted relatively in relation to the normal position of the measuring system. For example, the notion of "horizontal" corresponds to the main direction of extension of the upper surface of the box, considering that the system is placed on the ground in its normal position of use.

[0058] A reference will also be used whose longitudinal or rear / front direction corresponds to the X axis, the transverse or right / left direction corresponds to the Y axis and the vertical or bottom / top direction corresponds to the Z axis.

[0059] For the purposes of this disclosure, the expression "A and / or B" means (A), (B), or (A and B). For the purposes of this disclosure, the expression "A, B and / or C" means (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B and C).

[0060] A parameter “substantially equal / greater / less than” a given value means that this parameter is equal / greater / less than the given value, within plus or minus 10% of this value. A parameter “substantially between” two given values ​​means that this parameter is at least equal to the smallest given value, within plus or minus 10% of this value, and at most equal to the largest given value, within plus or minus 10% of this value.

[0061] The measuring system 1 and the measuring method implementing it are now described according to several exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures.

[0062] As illustrated for example in figures 1A, 1B, the measuring system 1 comprises a Fourier transform spectrometer 2 housed in a protection device 3.

[0063] Fourier transform spectrometer 2 is configured to capture light from the sun 5 for the acquisition of atmospheric data, and more particularly the solar spectrum. The solar spectrum can for example be acquired in the infrared domain. The solar spectrum can thus provide access to the nature and quantity of the molecules present in the atmospheric column between the spectrometer 2 and the sun.

[0064] For this, the spectrometer 2 comprises a tracker module 20 configured to follow the path of the sun and direct light from the sun into the spectrometer 2. In a known manner, the tracker module 20 can comprise several mirrors configured to direct the light into the spectrometer 2, and more particularly into the main body 2 of the spectrometer in which the spectrum is acquired. The tracker module 20 is typically connected to the main body 21 by being mounted on a connecting member, for example a lifting support, so as to capture the light 5 from the sun.The tracker module 20 can furthermore be orientable at least in rotation along the vertical axis A4 so as to follow the path of the sun, and furthermore along an axis parallel to the axis A2 (see figures 2A, 2B), so as to follow the azimuth and the elevation.

[0065] For this, the tracker module 20 may comprise a platform 200 arranged on the lifting support, and in particular an upper end of the lifting support. The tracker module 20 may comprise a light 5 capturing member 201, typically mounted on this platform 200 while being movable in rotation relative to this platform 200 around a vertical rotation axis A4. The capturing member 201 may for example comprise the mirrors described above, and is mounted in rotation on the platform 200 by means of a second platform 202 whose rotation is actuated by a motor. It is considered here that the tracker module 20 is delimited at the lower level by the platform 200 and does not comprise the lifting support on which it can be mounted.

[0066] By way of non-limiting example, the spectrometer 2 may be the EM27 / SUN spectrometer marketed by the company Bruker Optics.

[0067] In order to protect the spectrometer 2 from external conditions, the protection device 3 comprises on the one hand a casing 30 and on the other hand a protection module 31. For example, the main body 21 of the spectrometer 2 can be housed in the casing 30 while the tracking module 20 is housed in the protection module 31. The casing 30 can entirely surround at least the main body 21 of the spectrometer 2. It is therefore understood that the main body 21 can thus be protected from bad weather, regardless of the open or closed state of the protection module 31.

[0068] Preferably, the box 30 is oriented on a north / south axis according to its main direction of extension, the tracker module 20 being directed towards the south in the northern hemisphere, and directed towards the north in the southern hemisphere. The temperature regulation system 34 can therefore be on the face opposite the sun (north in the northern hemisphere) to increase its durability.

[0069] The tracker module 20 must be exposed to direct sunlight for the acquisition of atmospheric data, and more particularly of the solar spectrum in the infrared. By “direct” light, it is meant that the sunlight reaches the tracker module 20 without passing through a diopter. In order to protect the tracker module 20 and to allow measurement as required, the protection module 31 has: - a closed position in which the protection module 31 completely surrounds the tracker module 20, and therefore in which the tracker module 20 is protected from the weather, - an open position in which the protection module does not completely surround the tracker module 20, so that the tracker module 20 is exposed to direct sunlight. In the open position, the tracker module 20 can therefore capture sunlight 5.

[0070] When it is indicated that the protection module 31 completely surrounds the tracker module 20, as is clearly evident from the figures for example, it is considered that the protection module 31, possibly jointly with the box, surrounds the tracker module 20. Equivalently, it is considered that the protection module 31 surrounds the tracker module 20 at least on these faces which may be facing the external environment. It can also be considered that the protection module 31 completely surrounds the tracker module 20 from the upper surface of the box. In particular, the protection module can form, possibly jointly with the box, an enclosure around the tracker module 20. The tracker module can therefore be separated from the external environment by a wall of the protection module 31, and in particular by the movable cover 310.

[0071] For this, the protection module 31 comprises a cover 310 movable at least in rotation about an axis A1 substantially parallel to the main extension plane of the upper surface 30a of the box 30. Equivalently, the axis A1 may be substantially horizontal. As illustrated for example in FIGS. 2A and 2B, during the rotational movement between the closed position PO and an open position PI, the movable cover 310 can thus tilt from front to rear and vice versa, according to the double arrow RI over an angular interval a1. The rotational movement of the movable cover 310 can define a closed position PO and a multitude of open positions including a maximum open position, designated PI for non-limiting purposes hereinafter.

[0072] When the movable cover 310 is tilted backward, an opening is formed allowing the tracking module 20 to be exposed to sunlight 5. This opening is preferably not limited in a transverse direction Y by the movable cover 310. Once the movable cover is in the open position PI, this opening may have a sufficient amplitude for the tracking module 20 to follow the path of the sun without requiring the movable cover 310 to be moved. For this, the angular interval al is preferably greater than or equal to 80°, preferably less than or equal to 100°. The angular interval al may be less than or equal to 90°, and preferably substantially equal to 90°. Depending on the stroke of the actuator and its positioning or setpoint accuracy, its tolerance may be + / - 10° without interfering with the measurement.

[0073] The transition between the closed position PO and an open position PI is actuated by an actuator 311. The opening and closing of the protection module 31 can thus be automated. For example, the axis of rotation A1 is substantially parallel to the transverse direction Y.

[0074] To house the tracker module 20 in the protection module 31, the upper face 30a of the box 30 may comprise an opening 300, illustrated for example in FIGS. 3 A and 3B. The tracker module 20, and more particularly from the platform 200, may extend into the volume defined under the movable cover 310 in its closed position PO, from the opening 300.

[0075] According to the particular example illustrated in Figures 1A to 2B, the movable cover 310 may be in the form of a parallelepiped, one face of which is open, the movable cover 310 being mounted to rotate about the axis A1 in the extension of one of its lateral faces. An alternative may be provided in which the cover 310 has any other shape, the axis A1 being able to be located at a part of the lateral periphery of the movable cover 310. The movable cover 310 may for example be in the form of a dome. Preferably, the movable cover 310 is a single piece.

[0076] In order to protect the interior of the box against bad weather and / or possible dust when the protection module 31 is in the closed position PO, the protection module 31 can cover the opening 300. Thus the protection module allows water to run off from the movable cover 310 onto the external surfaces of the box 30. The protection module 31 can more particularly cover the opening 300 in a sealed manner, that is to say by forming a barrier to water and / or possible dust.

[0077] For this, the protection module 31 may comprise a sealing plate 313 arranged between the upper surface 30a of the box, and more particularly between the opening 300 of the box 30 and the movable cover 310. The cooperation between the sealing plate 313 and on the one hand the upper surface of the box 30 and on the other hand the tracker module 20 is now described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 5.

[0078] The sealing plate 313 may be configured to cover the opening 300 of the box 30, so as to allow runoff along the sealing plate 313 onto the upper surface 30a of the box 30, at least when the protection module 31 is in its closed position PO.

[0079] For example, the opening 300 of the box 30 may be surrounded at least in part, preferably entirely, by a border 301 forming a relief relative to the surface 30a of the box 30. This relief therefore forms a barrier to water which may stagnate on the upper surface 30a of the box 30. The edge 301 may for example extend over a distance substantially perpendicular to the main extension plane of the upper surface 30a of the box 30, and therefore in the direction Z, for example over a distance substantially greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 1 cm.

[0080] The sealing plate 313 may additionally cover this relief. For this, the sealing plate 313 may comprise a lateral edge 3131 covering the edge 301, and more particularly in a substantially vertical direction Z. To allow this covering, it is understood that the lateral dimensions in the plane (X, Y) of the sealing plate 313 may be greater than that of the opening 300. The lateral dimensions in the plane (X, Y) of the sealing plate 313 may be greater than that of the movable cover 310.

[0081] According to the example illustrated, the border 301 forms the perimeter of the opening 300. It can be provided that the border 301 is attached to the upper surface 30a of the box 30, at a distance from the perimeter of the opening 300.

[0082] When the protection module 31 is in its open position PI, the sealing plate 313 can further form a sealed interface between the tracker module 20 and the interior of the box 30. For this, and as illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 5, the sealing plate 313 can have an opening 3130 complementary to an external periphery of the tracker module 20, for example the larger lateral periphery 200a of the tracker. This allows the sealing plate 313 to slide around this periphery. This perimeter of the tracker module may be the perimeter 200a of the platform 200 of the tracker module 20. The opening 3130 may more particularly have a first perimeter 3130a of a shape complementary to the perimeter 200a of the platform 200. Thus, the interior of the box 30 is protected against bad weather and possible dust, including in the open position of the protection module 31.In order to further improve sealing, the connection between the sealing plate 313 and the tracker module 20 may comprise a seal 314.

[0083] According to one example, the actuator 311 is a linear actuator. Alternatively, it may be provided that the actuator is, for example, a rotary actuator, such as a motor configured to drive the rotation of the movable cover 310 around the axis AL. In the following, it is considered, without limitation, that the actuator 311 is a linear actuator, for example a jack. According to one example, the actuator 311 articulates the movable cover 310 and the sealing plate 313 together. The actuator 311 thus connects the movable cover 310 and the sealing plate 313 to form an assembly secured to the box 30 and to the spectrometer 2.

[0084] Furthermore, the platform 200 of the tracker module 20 typically forms a perimeter external lateral of the tracker module 20, in projection in the plane (X, Y). The sealing plate 313 cooperating in a complementary manner with the periphery 200a of this platform 200, the integral assembly formed by at least the movable cover 310 and the sealing plate 313 can be removed in a simple manner from the protection device 300 without having to dismantle the box 30 or parts of the spectrometer 2. The integral assembly formed by at least the movable cover 310 and the sealing plate 313 can in fact pass around the tracker module 20. For example, if the actuator 311 becomes blocked, it is thus possible to remove this assembly.

[0085] The sealing plate 313 can be removably fixed to the box 30 by means of the edge 301, for example by screwing as illustrated by the openings 3131a illustrated in [Fig.4A].

[0086] According to an example illustrated in [Fig.4A], the actuator 311 can articulate, at a first end, the sealing plate 313 by a yoke 3111 forming a pivot connection around an axis A3. The actuator 311 can articulate, at a second end, the movable cover 310 by another yoke 3110 forming a pivot connection around an axis A2.

[0087] The protection module 31 may further comprise a support frame 312 disposed between the sealing plate 313 and the movable cover 310, as for example illustrated in [Fig.4A]. The support frame 312 being disposed between these two elements, it may be included in the assembly secured by the actuator 311, discussed above. The movable cover 310 may be rotatably mounted on the support frame 312 for example by means of hinges 3100. The movable cover 310 may more particularly rest on the support frame 312 in the closed position PO. The support frame 312 may form an elevation of the movable cover relative to the sealing plate 313 to facilitate its rotation. It can be provided that the upper surface 30a of the box comprises at least one stop on which the hood rests when it is in its maximum open position PL. This can reduce the forces on the actuator when the movable hood is caught in the wind, for example.

[0088] Furthermore, the support frame 312 may form an additional barrier to water that may flow along the protection module 31. In order to prevent water or dust from entering the enclosure of the protection module 31 in its closed position PO, the support frame 312 may comprise a border 3120 on its surface of cooperation with the movable cover 310. The border 3120 may form a relief around which the movable cover 310 closes. The sealing in the closed position is thus further improved.

[0089] Preferably, in projection in the plane (X, Y) the support frame 312 surrounds the opening 3130 of the sealing plate 313. In this same plane, the support frame 312 can be surrounded by the external periphery, for example the edge 3131, of the plate sealing 313.

[0090] The support frame 312 can be fixed to the sealing plate 313, for example by screwing. The lines 3121en [Fig.3A] represent by way of example the screwing that can be done on a lateral edge of the sealing plate 313 and the support frame 312.

[0091] The measuring system 1, and preferably the protection device 3, may further comprise sensors added to the spectrometer 2. These sensors 32 may complete the measurement of the solar spectrum. These sensors may facilitate the automation of the actuation of the protection module 31, as will be seen in more detail with reference to the measuring method 4. These sensors may be chosen from a sunshine sensor 320 (for example a pyranometer), a rain detector 321, a temperature sensor 322, a humidity sensor 323. The temperature sensor 322 and the humidity sensors 323 may be housed in a common shelter. These sensors are preferably arranged outside the box 30 and the protection module 31, in order to be exposed to the surrounding conditions independently of the opening and closing of the protection module 31.This or these sensors 32 can for example be connected to the box by means of a mast 324, as for example illustrated in figures 1A, 1B.

[0092] The protection device 3 may further comprise various other additional elements. For example, the protection device 3 may comprise a thermoregulation module 34 configured to regulate the temperature inside the box 30. The thermoregulation module 34 is preferably arranged outside the box 30, for example on one of its side faces. More particularly, the thermoregulation module 34 is on a face of the box 30 intended to be exposed to the north when using the measurement system 1. The protection device 3 may be painted white to increase the effectiveness of the thermoregulation module 34.

[0093] The box 30 may further comprise at least one access hatch allowing access to the interior of the box 30 without having to dismantle it, for example the hatch 35 illustrated in FIGS. 1A, 1B. The upper surface 30a of the box may be removably mounted to install or remove the spectrometer 2 from the protection device 3. According to one example, the upper surface 30A is mounted to be able to rotate relative to the rest of the box 30. For example, this rotation is permitted by means of hinges. According to one example, the device 3 is configured so that the upper surface 30A is able to rotate between an open position and a closed position without impacting the position of the tracking module 20. It is thus possible to open and close the box 30 with the tracking module 20 in place, without risking knocking and damaging the top of the tracking module 20.According to one example, the upper surface 30A can open regardless of the position of the protection module 31, and in particular of the movable cover 310. Preferably, the upper surface 30A is movable in rotation by . relative to the rest of the box 30 over an angular interval greater than or equal to 90°, preferably substantially equal to 100°. The upper surface 30A can be locked in the closed position, for example using a latch system 39 as illustrated in [Fig.lA].

[0094] The box 30 may further comprise at least one interface panel 36 between the interior and the exterior of the box. This interface panel 36 may for example comprise connectors, for example cable glands, and / or even buttons.

[0095] The protection device 3 may further comprise a battery and / or an inverter enabling the power supply of the various elements that compose it, as well as of the spectrometer 2. This power supply may for example be an emergency power supply in the event of an unexpected power cut to the measurement system 1. Preferably, the movable cover 310 is automatically closed when a power cut is detected to protect the instrument in the event of a lasting power cut.

[0096] The system may for example comprise a UPS (uninterruptible power supply) unit to ensure the electrical integrity of the system using an AC / DC power supply, and a battery in the event of a power failure. This UPS unit is for example located in the power electronics part of the electrical installation of the system, in the box 30. The box 30 may comprise four feet 38 configured to adjust its position, for example by being mounted on screw threads. The box 30 may comprise handles 37 to facilitate its transport.

[0097] The measuring method 4 is now described in more detail with reference to Figures 6 and 7. In [Fig.6], parallel paths illustrate variants which may or may not be combined together and dotted elements indicate optional steps which may or may not be combined together.

[0098] The measuring system 1 may be provided 40 at the start of the method 4. In the initial state, the protection module 31 may be in its closed position PO. It may be provided that the protection module 31 is initially open.

[0099] In order to allow the measurement 42 by the spectrometer 2, the method may comprise an opening 41 of the protection module 31, and more particularly of the movable cover 310, so as to expose the tracker module 20 to the light 5 of the sun. The measurement 42 of the solar spectrum may be made when the protection module 31 is in an open position, and preferably in the maximum open position. During the measurement, the tracker module 20 may follow the path of the sun. For this, a camera may be used with a feedback circuit. The tracker module 20 may be controlled by software, for example the software designated by CAMTracker in [Fig.7]. According to one example, the opening of the protection module 31 causes the start of the measurement 42.

[0100] The measurement 42 may include any other data from a sensor 32 of the measurement system 1, for example a temperature measurement, a sunshine measurement and / or a humidity measurement.

[0101] Once the measurement 42 is completed, the protection module 31, and more particularly the movable cover 310, can be moved into its closed position PO. Outside of the measurement, the tracking module 20 can thus be protected from dust and bad weather.

[0102] During a measurement 42 or a programmed sequence of measurements 42, it may be necessary to close the protection module 31 depending on environmental and / or power supply conditions. This may be the case, for example, if the sunlight conditions are no longer sufficient, in the event of rain or in the event of an unexpected power cut to the measurement system 1. According to one example, closing the protection module 31 causes the measurement 42 to stop. Alternatively or additionally, it may be necessary to check whether the environmental conditions allow a satisfactory measurement 42 upstream or at the start of a measurement 42.

[0103] For this, the method may comprise a measurement 45 of an environmental and / or power supply condition by a corresponding sensor 32, allowing a decision 44 to be made regarding the opening and / or closing of the protection module 31. This measurement 45 may be made at regular intervals, or even continuously, during the measurements 42. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that this measurement 45 is made prior to the measurement 42, for example during an initialization step of the measurement system 1, or even at the request of a user.

[0104] For example, to verify that the sunlight conditions are sufficient to allow the measurement 42, a measurement 450 by the sunlight sensor 320 can be made. If the sunlight measurement 450 is lower than a closing threshold value of the protection module 31, the closing of the protection module 31 can be triggered 440. If the sunlight measurement 450 is higher than a closing threshold value of the protection module 31, the opening of the protection module 31 can be triggered 440. The opening threshold value and the closing threshold value can be distinct or equal. According to one example, the opening threshold value and / or the closing threshold value is / are greater than or equal to 120 W / m2 in direct sunlight conditions.

[0105] A detection 451 of rain and / or absence of rain can be made by the rain detector 321. When rain is detected, the protection module 31 can be closed 441. When an absence of rain is detected, for example following a rain episode (and therefore a stoppage of the rain is detected), the protection module 31 can be opened 441.

[0106] A power supply state and / or a battery / inverter charge state may be determined 452. Depending on this state, the protection module 31 may be opened or closed 442. For example, since the measurement system 1 is electrically powered, this power supply may be cut off unexpectedly. The measurement system 1 may include an inverter or a battery allowing a temporary power supply relay. This may be detected 452 and thus cause the protection module 31 to close 442 in order to ensure protection of the tracker module 20 before a break in the power supply to the measurement system 1.

[0107] Note that a person skilled in the art is able to identify other solutions for adding a sensor 32 to the measurement system 1 to automate the opening and / or closing of the protection module 31 depending on external conditions and / or to complete the measurement 42. For example, the measurement system 1, and preferably the protection device 3, may comprise a location sensor such as a GPS sensor 325. The location sensor is useful for tracking the path of the sun. The location coordinates of the protection system 1 may be provided, for example to the CamTracker software, to control the tracker module 20.

[0108] Alternatively or additionally, provision may be made for the measurement system 1 to comprise an interface configured to receive a command from a user, whether remotely and / or via a button arranged on the measurement system 1. The method 4 may comprise, upon receipt of this command 46, the opening 460 and / or the closing 461 of the protection module 31.

[0109] When the environmental conditions are monitored 45, they may vary rapidly, for example when the weather is changing. It is then understood that repeated openings and closings of the protection module 31 risk damaging it in the long term. The measurement method 4 may therefore comprise a hysteresis making it possible to delay the opening and / or closing of the protection module 31. For this, during monitoring 45 of environmental conditions, the method may comprise a first measurement M1 and a second measurement M2, offset in time. If the monitored environmental condition(s) change over this time interval, then it may not be necessary to change the opening or closing state of the protection module 31.

[0110] According to an example, the first measurement M1 and the second measurement M2 comprise a measurement 450 of sunshine by the sunshine sensor 320. When the measurements M1 and M2 are greater than the opening threshold value, the protection module 31 can be opened 440. When the measurements M1 and M2 are less than the closing threshold value, the protection module 31 can be closed 440. A time delay associated with the sunshine value makes it possible to avoid repeated openings and closings of the protection module, for example as soon as a cloud temporarily blocks the sun.

[0111] Alternatively or complementary, the first measure Ml and the second measurement M2 may include a detection 451 of absence of rain. When the measurements M1, M2 each include an absence of rain detection, the protection module 31 may be opened 440. A time delay associated with the detection of absence of rain makes it possible to avoid repeated openings and closings of the protection module, for example during a passing downpour, and in particular in potentially bright weather but with regular rain showers.

[0112] According to one example, the protection module 31 is closed as soon as rain is detected by the rain detector. With regard to rain, the time delay can be implemented only for the detection of an absence of rain, in order to ensure that the bad weather is over before opening the protection module 31. As soon as rain is detected, the system can therefore initiate a procedure for closing the movable cover 310. When an absence of rain is detected, a closing time delay can start by preventing the untimely opening of the movable cover 310 for a given time. Rain detection can be carried out continuously.

[0113] The time interval between two successive measurements M1, M2 may be greater than or equal to 30 seconds, preferably greater than or equal to 1 minute, preferably greater than or equal to 5 minutes, and more preferably greater than or equal to 10 minutes. The sunshine measurement 450 may in practice be carried out continuously, for example every second. The measurement may be averaged over a given time interval, to constitute the measurement M1 or M2. Several measurements may be averaged over a time interval greater than or equal to 1 minute, greater than or equal to 5 minutes, preferably greater than or equal to 10 minutes, to constitute the measurement M1 and / or M2. The measurements M1 and M2 may be averaged over a time interval distinct from each other. The moving averages M1 and M2 may be compared to a sunshine threshold to determine whether the instrument is in direct view of the sun or not.The open or closed state of the protection module 31 can accordingly be adapted.

[0114] According to one example, the sunshine measurements 450 are averaged over a time interval greater than or equal to 5 minutes, preferably greater than or equal to 10 minutes to form the measurement M1, and the subsequent sunshine measurements can be averaged over a time interval of 1 minute, to constitute the measurement M2. This operation can be repeated in a sliding manner to form time-moving averages M1, M2. The average value M2, for example obtained every minute, can be compared to the average measurement M1 in order to possibly update the state of the protection module 31 accordingly.

[0115] From these averages, it is thus possible to determine a sunshine time, corresponding to the time spent beyond the sunshine threshold value over a given time range.

[0116] [Fig. 11] illustrates this for example. The sunshine time 80, typically 10 minutes, corresponds to the time spent beyond the sunshine threshold value. The measurements M1, M2 can be made so that the movable cover 310 is open 81 when a percentage PI, for example 80%, of the time is above the sunshine value. This corresponds to the hatched surface in [Fig. 11]. The measurements M1, M2 can be made so that the movable cover 310 is closed 82 when a percentage P2, preferably less than PI, for example 20%, of the time is below the sunshine value. This corresponds to the unhatched surface in [Fig. 11].

[0117] A schematic example of system architecture is now described with reference to [Fig.7]. It is understood that this system architecture is given as an example and that other variants are possible. The measurement system 1 may comprise a computer 6 configured to control the protection device 3 and the spectrometer 2. This computer 6 may be physically associated with the protection device 3 or be a remote computer in communication with the protection device 3 and / or the spectrometer 2.

[0118] The computer 6 can for example receive data from the sensors 32 of the measurement system 1 and the spectrometer 2. The computer 6 can control the tracker module 20, for example by the camera feedback 621. The tracker module 20 can be controlled by software, for example the CAMTracker software. The solar spectra can for example be acquired by the OPUS 622 software from Bruker. The computer 6 can be configured to automate the measurements for example by a controller 62. The computer 6 can be divided into three components: the model for the data and the business logic, the view (or display) for the user interface and the controller for the coordination. This separation facilitates the modularity, the maintenance and the scalability of the applications. The computer 6 can comprise: - a data automation module 620. This module may include the processing chain that manages the various software programs in the system. It may use software robots to perform these tasks, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of operational processes. This chain may be designated by the acronym RPA, for Robotic Process Automation, and / or - a UPS unit user interface management module, which may be designated UPS-CONF 623, and / or - A 625 module for managing data from a 325 GPS sensor, and / or - an adaptive controller 624 of the thermoregulation module 34, for example software managing the interface with the thermoregulation module computer 34.

[0119] The computer 6 can be configured to manage the received data and store them in a database 63. These data can for example be incorporated into a model 61.

[0120] The computer 6 may further comprise a display 60 through which a user can send requests and receive responses to control the measurement system 1.

[0121] The measurement system 1 may comprise a management circuit 33 associated with the protection device 3. The management circuit may be resident in the protection device 3 in order to avoid remote communication with a computer 6. For example, the management circuit 33 may comprise the management of the actuator 311 in response to the monitoring 45 of the environmental and / or power supply conditions, and for example the management of the opening hysteresis 41 and / or closing hysteresis 43 of the protection module 31. The management circuit 33 may therefore control the actuator 311. For this, the management circuit 33 may comprise a microcontroller. As seen previously, the management circuit for receiving data from the sensors 32 and the spectrometer 2.Via the management circuit 33 or via an additional circuit, the inverter and / or the battery can furthermore actuate the actuator 311 according to the methods previously described, for example in the event of an unexpected power cut.

[0122] Figures 8 to 10 illustrate measurements made with the measuring system 1 according to an exemplary embodiment. [Fig.8] represents the number of measurement days 70 per year 71. Until 2020 inclusive, the spectrometer 2 was not arranged in a protection device 3. From 2021, the spectrometer 2 was installed in a protection device 3 as previously introduced. A strong increase in data availability is observed from the year 2021, in particular thanks to the automation of the opening and closing of the protection module depending on the external conditions.

[0123] Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the solar radiation 72; the rain (time intervals represented by the asterisks *) and the state of the protection module (open = 1, closed = 0) 73 over the month of August 2022 for [Fig. 9] and over the day of August 15, 2022 for [Fig. 10]. It can be observed that when the solar radiation is sufficient, the protection module 31 opens, then closes when the weather becomes cloudy, that is to say that the solar radiation drops below a predetermined sunshine value, here 120 W / m2. It can also be observed that the hysteresis introduced into the management circuit 33 prevents the protection model 31 from suffering and closing too frequently to preserve the mechanics.

[0124] The invention is not limited to the embodiments previously described and extends to all embodiments covered by the invention. The present invention is not limited to the examples previously described. Many other variant embodiments are possible, for example by combining previously described features, without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, the features described in relation to one aspect of the invention may be combined with another aspect of the invention.

Claims

Claims

1. Atmospheric data measurement system (1), comprising • a Fourier transform spectrometer (2) comprising a so-called "tracker" module (20) configured to follow the path of the sun and direct direct sunlight (5) into the spectrometer (2) for acquiring atmospheric data, • a protection device (3) comprising on the one hand a box (30) having an upper surface (30a), and on the other hand a so-called "protection" module (31) arranged on said upper surface (30a), the protection module (31) being movable between a closed position (PO), in which the protection module (31) completely surrounds the tracker module (20), and at least one open position (PI), in which the protection module (31) does not completely surround the tracker module (20) so that the tracker module (20) is exposed to sunlight (5),Characterized in that the protection module (31) comprises: • a movable cover (310) rotating about an axis (Al) substantially parallel to the main extension plane of the upper surface (30a) of the box (30), so as to pass between the closed position (PO) and at least one open position (PI), • an actuator (311) configured to rotate the movable cover (310) between the closed position (PO) and at least one open position (PI).,

2. Measuring system (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the protection module (31) comprises a so-called "sealing" plate (313) arranged between the upper surface (30a) of the box (30) and the movable cover (310), and configured to form a sealed interface between the tracking module (20) and the box (30).

3. Measuring system (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the sealing plate (313) has an opening (3130) having a first periphery (3130a), and the tracker module (20) has a second external periphery (200a) at the sealing plate (313), the first circumference (3130a) being of complementary shape to the second circumference (200a), and preferably the first circumference (3130a) and the second circumference (200a) are connected by a seal (314).

4. Measuring system (1) according to any one of the two preceding claims, wherein the upper surface (30a) of the box (30) has an opening (300), the tracker module (20) protruding from the opening (300) so as to be surrounded by the movable cover (311) at least when the protection module (31) is in the closed position (PO), and wherein the sealing plate (313) is configured to cover said opening (300).

5. Measuring system (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the opening (300) of the box (30) is surrounded at least in part, and preferably entirely, by a border (301) forming a relief on the upper surface (30a) of the box (30), and wherein the sealing plate (313) is configured to complementary cover the relief formed by the border (301).

6. A measuring system (1) according to any one of the four preceding claims, wherein the actuator (311) is a linear actuator and the actuator (311) articulates together the movable cover (310) and the sealing plate (313).

7. Measuring system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protection module (31) comprises a support frame (312) arranged between the upper surface of the box (30a) and the movable cover (310), on which the movable cover (310) is rotatably mounted, the movable cover (310) resting on the support frame (312) in the closed position (PO).

8. Measuring system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one sensor (32) chosen from: a sunshine sensor (320), a rain detector (321), a temperature sensor (322), a relative humidity sensor (323) and a pressure sensor.

9. Measuring system (1) according to the preceding claim, the system (1) further comprising a sunshine sensor (320) and / or a rain detector (321), and the system comprising a management circuit (33) configured to control the actuator at least as a function of the data from the sunshine sensor (320) and / or the rain detector (321).

10. A measuring system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims preceding, further comprising a thermoregulation module (34) configured to regulate a temperature inside the box (30), and arranged at least partly outside the box (30).

11. Measuring system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the cover (310) is rotatable between the closed position (PO) and a maximum open position (PI), over an angular interval (al) greater than or equal to 80°, preferably less than or equal to 100°.

12. Method (4) for measuring atmospheric data in an atmospheric column, comprising: • a supply (40) of the measuring system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, • an opening (41) of the movable cover (310) by the actuator (311), so as to move the movable cover (310) into the at least one open position (PI) by a rotational movement around an axis (Al) substantially parallel to the main extension plane of the upper surface (30a) of the box (30), and thus expose the tracker module (20) to direct sunlight (5), • at least one measurement (42) of atmospheric data by the Fourier transform spectrometer (2), the cover (310) being in the at least one open position (PI), • a closing (42) of the movable cover (310) by the linear actuator (311), so as to move the movable cover (310) into the closed position (PO) by a rotational movement around said axis (Al).

13. Method (4) according to the preceding claim, in which, the measurement system (1) comprising a sunshine sensor (320), the method comprises: • prior to at least one of the opening (41) and the closing (43) of the protection module, at least a first measurement (M1) and a second measurement (M2) of an external condition relating to sunshine by the sunshine sensor (320), the first (M1) and second (M2) measurements being spaced apart in time, and • a decision (44, 440) relating to at least one between the opening (41) and the closing (43) of the protection module (31), so that: • the protection module (31) is open when the first (M1) and second (M2) sunshine measurements are greater than an opening threshold value, • the protection module (31) is closed when the first (M1) and second (M2) sunshine measurements are lower than a closing threshold value.

14. Method (4) according to the preceding claim, in which the measuring system (1) comprises a rain detector (321), the method comprises: • detection (451) of rain and / or absence of rain by the rain detector (321), and • a decision (44, 441) relating to at least one of the opening (41) and the closing (43) of the protection module (31), so that: • the protection module (31) is open (41) when an absence of rain is detected, • the protection module (31) is closed (43) when rain is detected.

15. Method (4) according to any one of the three preceding claims, in which the movable cover (310) remains fixed during the at least one measurement (42) of atmospheric data, and preferably during a sequence comprising a plurality of measurements (42) of atmospheric data.

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