Shelter serving as a waiting area for a transport vehicle, comprising a shade structure with stepped walls

Abstract

Transport vehicle waiting shelter or stopping post, the shelter comprising a shade (1) providing both protection against solar radiation and the collection of rainwater, the shade (1) comprising a roof provided with two conical elements (7a, 7b, 7c) arranged in a staggered, superimposed manner and spaced vertically from each other, the rainwater collected by the wall of a first conical element (7c) falling on the wall of a second conical element (7b) placed below the first conical element (7c). Figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: Shelter serving as a waiting area for a transport vehicle, comprising a shade structure with stepped walls

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shelters serving as a waiting place for a transport vehicle, such as for example buses or trams. The invention also relates to stop posts, that is to say, arrangements placed on a roadway, at which transport vehicles stop to allow people to get on or off.

[0002] Such shelters are sometimes called huts. They usually have a seat, possibly with a backrest.

[0003] The main function of these shelters or stopping posts is to mark the stopping area of ​​the transport vehicle. The shelters offer people protection against bad weather, particularly wind and precipitation.

[0004] The shelters can provide communication functions for people waiting for their transport vehicle, for example by broadcasting timetables and estimated waiting times. Display means provide passengers with information on the transport network, for example network map, pricing.

[0005] Shelters must provide a clean, easy-to-maintain, and well-ventilated environment. Their structure must be resistant to malicious acts or vandalism. Shelters should preferably be accessible to people with disabilities or reduced mobility, and must in particular be wheelchair accessible and allow for the rotation of these wheelchairs. Shelters should also preferably be accessible to shopping carts and strollers. The size of the shelters must be adapted to the expected number of people. Passengers in the shelters must be visible and protected from vehicles circulating in the surrounding area.

[0006] Shelters are important elements in the landscape, and their aesthetic or architectural aspects must be taken care of.

[0007] Shelters must ensure greater comfort for people, with comfort needs being increased by the aging of the population, and certain functional limitations which may appear with age, whether motor, sensory or neurological functions.

[0008] Conventional shelters often have an advertising or information panel, downstream from the direction of travel of transport vehicles.

[0009] To achieve the expected qualities that have just been presented, conventional shelters most often comprise a metal frame, typically made of galvanized steel or stainless steel, or aluminum alloy, and walls made of glass or polycarbonate. Document EP2893105 (Decaux, 2015) describes the use of polymer matrix composite materials for the manufacture of walls for a bus stop shelter, the shelter comprising a flat roof and three vertical walls.

[0010] Shelters made of wood or concrete are also known, which have the disadvantage of not allowing people to easily see approaching transport vehicles, and drivers of transport vehicles to see people waiting in the shelters.

[0011] The invention relates more particularly to improving the thermal comfort of people in shelters serving as a waiting area for a transport vehicle, such as for example buses, trams, trains.

[0012] The thermal comfort of people is in particular dependent on sunshine and wind, ambient air temperature and ambient air humidity.

[0013] Even if comfort is by nature dependent on people, and in particular on their acclimatization, it is possible, in an air temperature / air humidity diagram, to distinguish zones in which a majority of people have a sensation of heat, or a sensation of unbearable heat, or a sensation of comfort.

[0014] Human metabolism is in fact that of a homeotherm. When the human body is exposed to heat, skin temperature is sacrificed in favor of core temperature, the human body only tolerating small variations in core temperature, from 35°C to 41°C. Cutaneous vasodilation, an increase in cardiac output, and perspiration facilitate this thermoregulation. Perspiration appears when the air temperature exceeds 26°C. Evaporation is the only way for the body to lose heat in a hot thermal environment.

[0015] When the ambient temperature is above 33°C, an increase in the body's core temperature occurs. When the ambient air has a high humidity level, sweat does not evaporate, and sweat production continues, without heat evacuation, with risks of fatigue, hyperthermia (heat stroke), and dehydration.

[0016] According to IPCC forecasts, cities are likely to experience more intense and frequent heat waves during the 21st century.

[0017] However, for several decades across the world there has been a strong trend towards the concentration of populations in cities. In 2020, in France, one in six people lived in the urban unit of Paris, and one in four in an urban unit of more than 200,000 inhabitants, excluding that of Paris. It is estimated that in 2020, 55% of the world's population lived in cities, with this proportion expected to reach 7 in 10 people by 2050. Cities are particularly vulnerable to heat waves, due to the heat island phenomenon.

[0018] Population aging leads to increased health risks during heat waves. In the elderly, there is a physiological decrease in blood flow, resulting in a reduction in the capacity to lose heat. In France, in 2020, people over 65 years old represent 20% of the population, and it is estimated that this proportion will reach one in four people in 2040. Population aging is observed more widely within the European Union and internationally. It is estimated that in 2050 one in six people in the world will be over 65, compared to one in eleven in 2019.

[0019] Conventional shelters, typically those with a steel frame on which glass panels are mounted, do not provide thermal comfort for people in the event of a heatwave.

[0020] Various methods have been proposed to try to cool the space of a travel shelter.

[0021] According to a first approach, a mist blower propels humid air. Reference may be made, for example, to documents FR3070175 (Climespace, 2019), CN108843052 (Ping, 2018), WO2004083566 (Domano, 2004). Such an approach has several drawbacks. There is a risk of spreading pathogens, such as viruses or legionella. To limit these risks, the mist blower can be supplied with drinking water from the network, or be equipped with a disinfection device, for example with ultraviolet rays, with the resulting complexity and costs. To limit the risks of spreading pathogens, almost permanent circulation of water must be ensured, as well as regular analyses of the water quality, with the resulting costs. Water consumption is significant, around 100 liters per day per mist sprayer.The installation of a misting system can project an image of water waste, which is incompatible with a message of protecting water resources during heat waves. The misting system most often requires an electrical supply for its operation.

[0022] According to a second approach, the shelters are planted. We can refer, for example, to documents CN110469152 (Ting, 2019), FR3081731 (JCDecaux, 2019).

[0023] According to a third approach, the shelter is provided with an adiabatic air cooling system by evaporation. The principle of air cooling by evaporation is presented for example in documents WO2019 / 180737 (Siripurapu, 2019), WO2005 / 045332 (Univ. Nottingham, 2005).

[0024] Document FR3106879 (JCDecaux, 2021) describes a waiting shelter for public transport users, the shelter comprising a rainwater tank, and an air cooling system. A pump connected to the rainwater tank sends water to a humidifier placed in an evaporator. The rainwater flows vertically by gravity into the humidifier. A fan draws in ambient air hot and dry and blows this air horizontally through the water-laden evaporator, from where it emerges in the form of a cooled and humidified airflow. The shelter presented in document FR3106879 has several drawbacks. The operation of electrical devices (in particular fans, pumps) requires a power supply from the public network or a power supply by rechargeable batteries, for example by photovoltaic panels.

[0025] According to a fourth approach, the cooling of the shelter is obtained by geothermal energy. We can refer for example to document KR20200113955 (Cse, 2020).

[0026] The diversity of approaches considered in the prior art for attempting to cool travel shelters shows that no approach has met the expectations of users, so that the shelters remain very largely of conventional structure, based on a metal frame and glass panels. The approaches proposed in the prior art for cooling shelters each have their drawbacks, and have the limitation of requiring a connection to an electrical power supply network or a battery.

[0027] Furthermore, in shelters known from the state of the art, shading is most often unsatisfactory. By shading, we mean here the system of protection against sunlight.

[0028] In some previous designs, shading is provided by a canvas, most often PVC, stretched over a structure. The resulting shelter has a high wind resistance and a poor environmental impact, assessed for example by life cycle analysis.

[0029] In other prior designs, the shelter comprises one or more rigid plates, made of glass, polymer material (for example polycarbonate) or composite, or metallic material, forming a flat or curved roof. Reference may be made, for example, to documents FR3051011 (Semco, 2017), FR2893343 (Lacroix, 2007), US2010050541 (Bright, 2010). The shelter obtained has a high wind resistance and a poor environmental balance.

[0030] The invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of prior art shelters.

[0031] A first object of the invention is to provide a shelter serving as a waiting area for a transport vehicle, such as for example buses or trams, this shelter comprising a shade having high wind resistance.

[0032] A second object of the invention is to provide a shelter serving as a waiting area for a transport vehicle, such as for example buses or trams, this shelter comprising a shade having directional shading. By shade having directional shading, what is meant here is the fact that the shade generates maximum shade in a predefined zone, this zone being advantageously determined for the hottest hours.

[0033] Another object of the invention is to provide a shelter meeting at least one of the two objects above, and ensuring recovery of rainwater, as well as protection of users against bad weather.

[0034] Another object of the invention is to provide a shelter meeting at least one of the above objects, and having high resistance to deterioration.

[0035] Another object of the invention is to provide a shelter meeting at least one of the above objects, the manufacture and installation of the shelter being environmentally friendly, the environmental footprint of the shelter being reduced, the reuse and recycling of the elements forming the shelter being simple.

[0036] Another object of the invention is to provide a shelter meeting at least one of the above objects, and ensuring a feeling of security for people while waiting for the transport vehicle, the shelter being adaptable to different implementation conditions, for example in a residential area or in a craft or industrial area.

[0037] For these purposes, the invention relates, according to a first aspect, to a transport vehicle waiting shelter or stopping post, the shelter comprising a shade providing both protection against solar radiation, protection of the users against bad weather and the collection of rainwater, the shade comprising a roof provided with two conical elements arranged in a staggered manner, superimposed, and spaced vertically from each other, the rainwater collected by the wall of a first conical element falling on the wall of a second conical element placed below the first conical element.

[0038] The spacing of the two conical elements from each other allows a lateral passage for the air, the roof of the shade having little wind resistance.

[0039] The height separation of the two conical elements from each other generates a cascading gravitational flow of rainwater, from one conical element to a conical element arranged below, this cascading flow promoting the oxygenation of the rainwater. This cascading flow also ensures refreshment and generates sounds promoting relaxation.

[0040] Advantageously, the conical elements of the roof of the shade are arranged in overlapping. This overlapping, or overlapping of the conical elements advantageously allows only the outer edges of the conical elements to be visible, when the roof of the shade is observed from below. In addition, in the event of a side wind, rainwater does not fall on users located under the shade.

[0041] Advantageously, the roof of the shade house comprises conical elements each forming a wall in the shape of an oblique truncated cone.

[0042] Advantageously, the roof of the shade house is mounted cantilevered on a post. By cantilever is meant here the fact that the roof of the shade house extends laterally overhanging beyond the support post. It is thus possible to arrange the roof of the shade house so that the shadow cast is of great extent and placed in a predetermined zone, advantageously corresponding to the hottest hours, in particular those when the sun is at its zenith or to the hours following that when the sun is at its zenith.

[0043] In some embodiments, the roof comprises conical elements joined together by joining elements extending radially with respect to an axis perpendicular to the conical elements.

[0044] In some embodiments, the roof of the shade house is supported by a hollow post, with rainwater falling on the wall of a lower conical member of the roof entering a pipe internal to the post.

[0045] In some implementations, the water collected by the roof of the shade house is sent, via a roof support pole, to a storage basin, or any other above-ground or underground storage system, such as a tank, porous material. The storage basin is, for example, buried.

[0046] In certain embodiments, the roof of the shade is supported by at least one post provided with ground connection means, the post comprising a plate, in particular sealed in a concrete block, the plate being placed below ground level. There is thus no obstacle on the ground around the post, into which the passengers' feet could come up against. The risks of malicious or deliberate damage are also reduced.

[0047] In certain particular embodiments, the conical elements of the roof of the shade house are made of steel, for example stainless steel, the roof being mounted on at least one post formed by a steel profile. The use of a single material for the manufacture of the support post and the roof of the shade house facilitates the recycling of the elements of the shelter.

[0048] Advantageously, the conical elements of the roof of the shade are mounted cantilevered on a post, the shelter comprising a seat or a standing seat arranged near the post. By standing seat is meant here means allowing a sitting position with support. The standing seat makes it possible to avoid the appearance of pain linked to a prolonged standing position. The standing seats are known in themselves and presented for example in the documents KR101393068 (Gu, 2014), GB2442873 (Ness Furniture, 2008), FR2569964 (Gianni, 1986). Advantageously, the seat or the standing seat are integral with the post supporting the roof of the shade.

[0049] In some implementations, the shade roof is mounted on a post provided with internal piping, with an annular wall mounted at the upper end. of the post, rainwater collected on the wall of the lower conical element of the roof falling on the annular wall and entering the internal piping of the post.

[0050] Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear in the light of the description of embodiments, given below with reference to the appended drawings in which: • [Fig-1] is a perspective view of a shelter serving as a waiting area for a transport vehicle, comprising a shade with stepped walls, according to one embodiment; • [Fig.2] is a side view of the shelter shown in [Fig.l]; • [Fig.3] is a perspective view of the shelter shown in Figures 1 and 2, the conical elements being hidden.

[0051] The shade 1 shown in the figures comprises a post 2 supporting a roof 3.

[0052] According to various embodiments, the post is made of metallic material, for example steel, galvanized steel, or stainless steel (for example 304L or 316L), or else of aluminum alloy (for example aluminum alloy of the 6000 series, in particular 6082), or else of composite material, for example with a polymer matrix and reinforcement of fiberglass or plant fiber such as flax fiber.

[0053] Advantageously, the post is in the form of a closed profile, for example of circular, oval or polygonal section, and is obtained by extrusion or pultrusion. In certain implementations, the post is produced by folding a sheet metal, for example cold folding a steel sheet.

[0054] In certain implementations, the post is not rotationally symmetrical and has, for example, an I-shaped or H-shaped cross-section. When installing the shelter, advantage is thus taken of the maximum moment of inertia of the post for the prevailing winds.

[0055] Post 2 is provided with ground connection means.

[0056] Advantageously, these ground connection means comprise a sole, i.e. say a base, a foundation or a seating element.

[0057] In the embodiment shown, the connecting means comprise a base or plate 4, for example sealed in a concrete base or block, the post 2 being fixed to the plate 4, for example by welding.

[0058] The plate 4 is for example made in the form of a steel plate, in particular galvanized steel, stainless steel.

[0059] In the embodiment shown, the plate 4 is a square plate provided with holes 5 for the passage of anchoring screws in a base or concrete block. Advantageously, gussets 6 are fixed radially around the base of the post 2, and are fixed to the plate 4.

[0060] For example, six metal gussets 6 are welded radially to the base of the post 2 and are welded to the upper face of the plate 4, the gussets 6 reinforcing the fixing of the post 2 to the plate 4.

[0061] Advantageously, the concrete base or block is buried, the plate 4 and the gussets 6 being placed below ground level, for example between ten and twenty centimeters in the ground, and thus being hidden from view and out of contact with the feet of passers-by waiting for a transport vehicle, or the wheels of a bicycle or an armchair.

[0062] It is thus possible for people to move freely around the post 2 of the shade 1, in particular for people with reduced mobility.

[0063] By person with reduced mobility, we mean here in particular disabled persons (including persons with sensory or intellectual disabilities, persons with motor disabilities and persons in wheelchairs), persons with bulky luggage, elderly persons, pregnant women, persons with shopping trolleys, and persons with young children (including children in pushchairs).

[0064] The means for connecting the post 2 to the ground are also concealed to reduce the risk of accidental or malicious damage.

[0065] The roof 3 comprises at least one conical element, providing both protection against solar radiation, for people placed below the roof 3, and the collection of rainwater.

[0066] By conical element is meant here a wall in the shape of a truncated cone, the top of the cone being placed below the roof 3.

[0067] It is recalled here that a conical surface is generated by a straight line passing through a vertex and moving around a plane curve. When the plane curve is circular and the height of the cone passes through the center of the circle, the cone is of revolution. When the curve is symmetrical, and the height of the cone passes through the center of symmetry, the cone is straight. When the height of the cone is outside the center of the curve, the cone is oblique.

[0068] In certain embodiments, not shown, the roof comprises a conical element defining a wall in the shape of a right, truncated cone of revolution.

[0069] In other embodiments, not shown, the roof comprises a conical element defining a wall in the shape of an oblique truncated cone.

[0070] In the embodiment shown, the roof 3 comprises three conical elements 7a, 7b, 7c, each forming a wall in the shape of an oblique truncated cone.

[0071] Advantageously, the walls formed by the conical elements 7a, 7b, 7c are not openwork, and are placed in a stepped, superimposed manner. A first internal conical element 7a is placed in the lower part of the roof 3. A second conical element 7b, intermediate, is placed above the first conical element 7a, and below the third conical element 7c, external.

[0072] As shown in the figures, the three conical elements 7a, 7b, 7c are advantageously slightly spaced apart from each other, in the vertical direction. Thus, the rainwater collected by the wall of the upper external element 7c falls onto the wall of the intermediate element 7b, and the rainwater collected on the wall of the intermediate element 7b falls onto the wall of the internal element 7a.

[0073] The rainwater collected on the wall of the internal element 7a then falls onto an annular wall 8, mounted at the upper end 9 of the post 2.

[0074] In other embodiments, not shown, the roof comprises more than three superimposed rainwater recovery elements, these elements being annular and in the shape of a straight truncated cone, or in the shape of an oblique truncated cone.

[0075] The flow of rainwater in cascade is advantageously gravitational and does not require any energy input.

[0076] This cascading flow of rainwater allows oxygenation of the rainwater, promoting the subsequent use of this rainwater, in particular for growing plants.

[0077] This cascading flow of water provides refreshment and generates sounds that promote relaxation.

[0078] This cascading flow of rainwater is advantageously ensured by guaranteeing the protection of people located under the roof 3, the lower edge of the conical element 7c being placed above the wall of the conical element 7b, the lower edge of the conical element 7b being likewise placed above the wall of the conical element 7a.

[0079] The conical elements 7a, 7b, 7c are thus mounted in overlapping, overlapping, so that the roof 3 forms a waterproof cover, protecting people from the rain.

[0080] In other words, there is advantageously no free space allowing the passage of rainwater in a vertical direction from above to below the roof 3.

[0081] Advantageously, the vertical spacing between the conical elements 7a, 7b, 7c is small, for example a few centimeters, avoiding the risk of water leakage in the event of a side wind.

[0082] Rainwater falling on the annular wall 8 enters an internal pipe of the post 2, for example made of PVC or stainless steel material.

[0083] In certain implementations, the collected water is sent to a storage basin, for example placed underground, or is used for watering plants placed for example in a container near the post 2. These arrangements reinforce the comfort of people near the pole, in particular through the shade of plants and their evapotranspiration.

[0084] In the embodiment shown, the lower part 10 of the post 2 is provided with a hole 11 for draining water, for example excess rainwater in the event of severe weather.

[0085] Advantageously, the plate 4 is also provided with a hole, allowing water to drain away.

[0086] Stagnation of rainwater is thus avoided, as well as the risks of damage to the post 2, for example by corrosion or by frost.

[0087] In certain embodiments, heating means are arranged in the roof 3, and allow the melting of snow, frost or ice.

[0088] The conical elements 7a, 7b, 7c are assembled to the post 2 by assembly means.

[0089] In the embodiment shown, the assembly means comprise plates 12 extending radially around the post 2, and comprising a lower fixing edge 13.

[0090] The plates 12 are for example made of steel, in particular stainless steel.

[0091] Advantageously, each plate 12 extends substantially around a vertical plane and comprises a base and two arms. The bases of each plate 12 are assembled together, for example by welding, and are housed in the upper part 9 of the post 2.

[0092] For example, the post 2 has a height of approximately 2 meters, and is of circular section, with an external diameter of 100 mm. The upper conical element 7c has, for example, a maximum extension of approximately 1500 mm.

[0093] The shade according to the invention has numerous advantages.

[0094] Maximum shade is provided during the hottest hours of the day, for example when the sun is at its zenith and in the hours that follow. The conical elements are advantageously not openwork and sized to maximize shading, taking into account the sunlight conditions. The shade cast by the roof is advantageously predetermined to correspond to an area where the ground temperature is maximum. The conical elements are preferably light in color, as are more broadly all the components of the shade. The proportion of light energy returned is thus high. In certain embodiments, a reflective paint is used.

[0095] The presence of spacing between the superimposed conical elements makes it possible to reduce wind resistance, to allow air currents to pass through and to reduce mechanical stresses in the structure in the event of strong winds or storms. The shade is thus robust and resilient, and the sizing of structural elements is achieved by reducing raw material requirements, and therefore environmental impact.

[0096] Rainwater cascades down the roof, with beneficial effects in terms of oxygenation, cooling, and production of relaxing sounds.

[0097] The shading is advantageously offset with a preferred orientation, the roof being advantageously mounted cantilevered on the post. The shaded area is thus arranged, for the hottest hours of the day, on the waiting area of ​​a transport vehicle, or the parking area of ​​a transport vehicle for the boarding / disembarking of passengers.

[0098] Maximum shading is obtained in an area located near the post, a seat or a standing seat can be placed near the post, with shade remaining for people waiting for a transport vehicle or resting.

[0099] The shade is advantageously manufactured using a single material for the post, the roof and the plate, for example steel, galvanized steel or stainless steel, or even an aluminum alloy, facilitating its recycling and its installation in different implementation conditions, in particular residential or industrial areas.

[0100] People waiting for the transport vehicle have a feeling of security, as the shade does not form any obstacle to the view of vehicle movements or surrounding events. The conical shape opens up the view and space for users under the shade.

[0101] The shade has a general shape similar to that of a tree such as a domestic pine or a maritime pine.

Claims

Claims

1. Arrangement placed on a roadway for waiting or stopping a transport vehicle, the arrangement comprising a shade (1) providing both protection against solar radiation and the collection of rainwater, characterized in that the shade (1) comprises a roof (3) provided with two conical elements (7a, 7b, 7c) arranged in a staggered, superimposed manner and spaced vertically from each other, the rainwater collected by the wall of a first conical element (7c) falling on the wall of a second conical element (7b) placed below the first conical element (7c).

2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the conical elements (7a, 7b, 7c) of the roof (3) of the shade house (1) are arranged overlapping.

3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the roof (3) of the shade house (1) comprises conical elements (7a, 7b, 7c) each forming a wall in the shape of an oblique truncated cone.

4. Arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the roof (3) of the shade house (1) is mounted cantilevered on a post (2).

5. Arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the roof (3) comprises conical elements (7a, 7b, 7c) assembled together by assembly elements (12) extending radially relative to an axis perpendicular to the conical elements.

6. Arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the roof (3) of the shade house (1) is supported by a hollow post (2), the rainwater falling on the wall of a lower conical element (7a) of the roof entering a pipe internal to the post (2).

7. Arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the water collected by the roof (3) of the shade house (1) is sent, via a roof support post, to a storage basin.

8. Arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the roof (3) of the shade house (1) is supported by at least one post (2) provided with means of connection to the ground, the post (2) comprising a plate (4), in particular sealed in a concrete block, the plate (4) being placed below ground level.

9. Arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the conical elements (7a, 7b, 7c) of the roof (3) of the shade house (1) are made of steel, the roof (3) being mounted on at least one post (2) formed by a steel profile.

10. Arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the conical elements (7a, 7b, 7c) of the roof (3) of the shade house (1) are mounted cantilevered on a post (2), the shelter comprising a seat or a sitting / standing area arranged near the post (2).

11. Arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the roof (3) of the shade house (1) is mounted on a post (2) provided with internal piping, an annular wall (8) being mounted in the upper end part of the post (2), the rainwater collected on the wall of the lower conical element (7a) of the roof (3) falling on the annular wall (8) and entering the internal piping of the post (2).

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