Interface for securing a payload to a platform attached to a space launcher or satellite

Abstract

A docking interface (4) for a payload to be placed in orbit on a launch platform comprises two plates (10, 12) respectively carried by the platform and the payload. The plates can be joined together. A first plate carries at least two locking elements (14) movable between two states. In the approach state, the plates can be brought together without being blocked by the locking elements. In the locked state, the plates are locked together, with a bolt of each locking element engaging a strike plate on the second plate. The locking elements can adopt an intermediate, capture state, where they engage with the second plate while allowing translational and rotational movement of the latter within predetermined ranges.The transition from the capture state to the locking state gradually rotates and translates the plates into the locked position. See Figure 2 for the abbreviated version.

Description

Title of the invention: Interface for securing a payload to a platform attached to a space launcher or satellite 1. Scope of the invention

[0001] The field of the invention is that of space transportation. More specifically, the invention relates to the attachment of objects, hereinafter referred to as payloads (satellite, probe, satellite module, etc.), to a launch platform fixed to a space launcher or an artificial satellite. 2. Prior art

[0002] Space transportation is a rapidly expanding field. Once the exclusive domain of government agencies (NASA, ESA, etc.), the entry of private actors into this sector has helped to democratize access. It is now easier and more economical to put a probe or satellite into orbit, and these are no longer solely intended for military or research purposes. This democratization has led to the rise of numerous services, such as satellite constellations enabling internet access across the globe.

[0003] This massification of the space market leads, on the one hand, to an increasing miniaturization of payloads to be put into orbit, and on the other hand, to a contraction of launch costs. Indeed, the more satellite manufacturers there are, the more R&D in the field progresses, resulting in increasingly lighter and more compact payloads.

[0004] However, the increasing number of actors involved and the reduction in payloads to be placed in orbit necessitate the concentration, on a single launcher, of a multitude of heterogeneous payloads to be placed in orbit. Indeed, it is possible to send several dozen payloads of varying sizes, shapes, and masses into orbit with a launch of a few tons. This leads to a need for standardization in the packaging and transport of payloads, and a need for simplification in their handling, particularly in microgravity.

[0005] To this end, the SIROM system (“Standard Interface for Robotic Manipulation”), from SENER Aerospace®, is known. This system features a modular, block-based approach, offering a multifunctional “generic” interface (mechanical, electrical, computer, and thermal coupling). The system comprises an “active” part and a “passive” part. The attachment and release of a load are achieved using hooks mounted on the active part, which, once retracted, can secure the passive part to the active part in a “capture” state.

[0006] However, while this "all-in-one" interface does simplify the management of heterogeneous loads, it has drawbacks in terms of weight and In terms of dimensions: it is heavy (1.7 kg) and thick (over 8 cm). Furthermore, for the hooks to properly secure the assembly, the passive part (i.e., the load) must be positioned very precisely relative to the active part, at 15 mm axially and 5 mm radially. Therefore, handling loads in orbit requires very precise precision, making it difficult for robots to manipulate them.

[0007] There is thus a need for an interface that does not present these drawbacks. 3. Description of the invention

[0008] The invention improves the situation. To this end, the invention provides an interface for securing a payload, intended for orbit, to a launch platform. The interface comprises a first plate carried by said platform and a second plate carried by said payload, said plates being intended to be pressed against each other in a secured position. The interface is remarkable in that said first plate carries at least two locking elements movable between two states: - a first state, called the approach state, allowing the said plates to be brought close to each other without the said locking elements interacting with the said second plate, in a pre-assembly position, and - a second state, called locking, in which said plates are in said locking position, a bolt-forming portion of each of said locking elements engaging with a corresponding strike-forming portion provided for this purpose on the second plate,

[0009] in that said locking elements are placed in an intermediate state, called capture, from the pre-assembly position, in which the bolt-forming portion of each of said locking elements engages with the second plate while allowing translational and rotational movements of the second plate relative to the first plate within predetermined translational and rotational ranges,

[0010] and in that said locking elements are actuated to pass from the capture state to the locking state, thus progressively bringing the plates into said locking position through rotation and translation.

[0011] This novel type of docking interface significantly improves payload handling, particularly in orbit. Indeed, in addition to presenting a locked state (in which the payload is firmly attached to the launch platform), the docking interface also presents a capture state that allows both the payload to be secured near the launch platform and the payload to be progressively moved to its docking position in the locked state.

[0012] This interface is particularly compact and lightweight, due to the use of plates pressed together in the locked position. This makes it possible to carry a larger payload during a launch.

[0013] To secure the load to the launch platform, it is sufficient to bring the second plate (also called the key), and therefore the load, into a position relatively close to the first plate (also called the lock), and thus to the platform, which the first plate can then grasp in the captured state. Such a position is inherently more forgiving than the exact position in which the second plate is locked against the first plate (locked state), due to the permitted angular and linear movement. The locking elements, transitioning from the captured state to the locked state, then more or less gradually bring the second plate, and therefore the load, firmly immobilized against the first plate, thus securing the load to the platform.

[0014] Positioning the payload for securing it to the launch platform is considerably simplified. This is particularly advantageous for robotically capturing and securing a payload, as the payload placement for securing it is more forgiving, since there is no need to position the payload at the exact point of attachment to the platform.

[0015] The grip allows the locking elements to press the second plate against the first plate. This prevents any movement (rotation as well as translation) of the second plate relative to the first plate. The resulting connection is particularly resilient to shocks and accelerations, thanks to the large contact area between the plates. This allows the connection interface to withstand the forces induced by a rocket launch into orbit.

[0016] The presence of at least two locking elements allows the locking interface in the secured state to withstand the accelerations induced by a takeoff. Furthermore, this allows the load to be captured even in the event of a failure of one of the at least two locking elements.

[0017] According to a particular aspect, each locking element comprises at least one first relief and the second plate comprises a second relief, the first relief and the second relief having complementary shapes and coming into mutual contact when the locking elements are in the locked state.

[0018] Thanks to the complementary shape of the raised sections, the plates couple together when joined, in a very precise and predetermined position. Thus, the locking position is precisely reached in the locked state.

[0019] According to a particular aspect, the second plate has at least one guide track capable of cooperating with a bolt-forming portion of the locking element to guide the second plate towards the locking position.

[0020] According to a particular aspect, each guide track comprises a lateral face forming a portion of a spiral by portion forming a bolt, the spiral portions being concentric, and

[0021] when the locking elements are actuated to secure the plates, each of the portions forming the bolt is moved radially outwards and against a portion of the spiral, thus rotating the second plate to the position of securing.

[0022] Thanks to the spiral portion, the radial elongation of the locking elements and the stop of the bolts against the spiral portions allows the self-centering of the second plate on the first plate, ensuring precise positioning in the bonding position while presenting a very simple kinematic.

[0023] According to a particular aspect, a container intended to hold a load is fixed to the second plate, the wall of the container being made of a thermally insulating material and of which an opening is closed by the second plate, and in which the first plate and the second plate are each made of a thermally conductive material.

[0024] Due to their respective thermally conductive materials, the two plates are thermally coupled in the bonded position. This thermal coupling is all the more effective when the two plates are pressed together, as the contact surface between them is large.

[0025] In fact, thanks to this configuration in which the payload is housed in a container where only the face formed by the second plate is thermally conductive, the heat exchange between the inside of the housing (i.e., the payload) and the outside of the container can be easily controlled. It is thus possible to control this heat exchange on the launch platform side, or in other words, to control the temperature inside the container.

[0026] According to a particular aspect, the interface comprises an even number of locking elements, each plate exhibiting central symmetry.

[0027] The central symmetry of the plates, i.e., their invariance under 180° rotation, simplifies the relative positioning of the plates. It is thus possible to secure the second plate (and therefore the load) to within half a turn, which simplifies loading maneuvers, particularly in weightlessness.

[0028] According to a particular aspect, the interface comprises a number of locking elements multiple of four, the second plate and the first plate each having a symmetry by rotation of 90°.

[0029] The symmetry achieved by a 90° rotation, i.e., a quarter turn, further improves the simplicity of positioning the load on the platform. Securing the load to the platform is thus simplified. In addition, the presence of four locking elements or more allows the system to withstand a takeoff even if two elements are defective.

[0030] According to a particular aspect, the first plate carries an even number of first electrical connectors arranged according to a central symmetry, and in which the second plate carries the same number of complementary second electrical connectors arranged in a manner analogous to the first electrical connectors, the first plate having a plurality of lights arranged so as to correspond to the location of the first electrical connectors.

[0031] The invention further relates to a first plate, intended to be carried by a launch platform for placing at least one payload into orbit, said first plate being intended to receive, pressed against it in a so-called locking position, a second given plate secured to a payload to be placed into orbit. The plate is remarkable in that it carries at least two locking elements movable between two states: - a first state, called the approach state, allowing the said plates to be brought close to each other without the said locking elements interacting with the said second plate, in a pre-assembly position, and - a second state, called locking, in which said plates are in said locking position, a bolt-forming portion of each of said locking elements engaging with a corresponding strike-forming portion provided for this purpose on the second plate,

[0032] in that said locking elements are placed in an intermediate state, called capture, from the pre-assembly position, in which the bolt-forming portion of each of said locking elements engages with the second plate while allowing translational and rotational movements of the second plate relative to the first plate within predetermined translational and rotational ranges,

[0033] and in that said locking elements are actuated to pass from the capture state to the locking state, thus progressively bringing the plates into said locking position through rotation and translation.

[0034] The invention further relates to a space platform having a flat face on which are arranged a plurality of first plates according to the preceding claim. 4. List of figures

[0035] Other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading the following description of a particular embodiment, given by way of simple illustrative and non-limiting example, and the accompanying drawings, among which:

[0036] - [Fig. 1] represents an orbital insertion platform equipped with an interface according to a method of implementing the invention;

[0037] - [Fig.2] presents a perspective view of the interface of [Fig.1];

[0038] - [Fig.3] presents a perspective view of the interface of [Fig.2], in a so-called state solidarity;

[0039] - [Fig.4] presents a cross-sectional view of the interface of [Fig.3];

[0040] - [Fig.5] presents a perspective view of an interface locking element of the [Fig.2];

[0041] - [Fig.6] represents a composite link between the locking element of the [Fig.5] and the actuator of the [Fig.3];

[0042] - [Fig.7] presents a schematic view of the kinematics of the joining of the interface of [Fig.3];

[0043] - [Fig.8] represents a kinematic of this locking element of [Fig.7] in the reference point of the first turntable;

[0044] - [Fig.9] presents a rear view, load side, of the interface of the [Fig.2];

[0045] - [Fig. 10] presents a plurality of top, side and bottom views of the interface in a plurality of successive positions between the state of the interface in [Fig.2] and the state of the interface being joined in [Fig.3];

[0046] - [Fig. 11] schematically represents a platform intended to accommodate a plurality of charges;

[0047] - [Fig. 12] represents the footprint of three charge formats compatible with the platform of the [Fig. 11];

[0048] - [Fig. 13] presents a top view of a plate of the interface of the [Fig.2];

[0049] - [Fig. 14] shows a side view and an exploded perspective view of a container fixed to the plate of the [Fig. 13] and intended to house a load;

[0050] - [Fig. 15] schematically represents a thermal coupling that can be put into work via the interface of [Fig.2];

[0051] - [Fig. 16] presents a perspective view of the electrical and electronic portion of the interface of [Fig.2]; and

[0052] - [Fig. 17] presents an example of a mechanism for moving in a synchronized manner the locking elements of the interface of [Fig.2]. 5. Detailed description

[0053] The general principle of the invention is based on a fastening interface comprising two plates intended to be pressed against each other by locking elements, the entire fastening interface being designed so that the bringing together of the plates under the action of the locking elements results in their centering and alignment, without requiring precise positioning at the beginning of the rapprochement, so as to achieve both a solidarity and a precise positioning of the burden on a platform.

[0054] The attachment interface of the invention is intended to interface—as its name indicates—between a mobile payload and a platform attached to a satellite or a space launcher. Thus, this standardized interface allows payloads to be attached to a satellite, as shown [Fig. 1], but also to a space launcher. This makes it easy to install a module on a satellite in orbit, and also to retrieve it for return to Earth.

[0055] Reference is made to Figures IA and IB. Figure IA represents an assembly comprising a satellite 1 with a platform 2 on which are attached a plurality of payloads housed in containers 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 via a plurality of interfaces 4-1, 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4. Each interface 4-1 to 4-4 provides an interface between the platform 2 and one of the containers 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3. Each container 3-1 to 3-3 is thus connected to the platform 2 by one or more interfaces 4-i.

[0056] For the remainder of this description, i shall be an integer between 1 and N with N the number of interfaces, and j an integer between 1 and M where M is the number of containers.

[0057] Platform 2 defines its own orthonormal coordinate system R = (X, Y, Z). Each container 3-j also has its own coordinate system Rj, which coincides with the coordinate system R of platform 2 when said container is attached to the platform. The Z-axis defines a radial direction.

[0058] Containers are represented here; however, one or more of these containers may be replaced by a "bare" payload, that is, one that is not housed in a container. This bare payload could be, for example, an instrumentation module for an observation satellite.

[0059] Figure IB schematically represents a set of locations 5-1, 5-2, 5-3 and 5-4 (one per interface 4-i) intended to receive loads, as well as the relative arrangement of the containers 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 represented by respective footprints 6-1, 6-2 and 6-3 in dotted lines.

[0060] Each location 5-i delimits a square of dimension U, where U is a standardized quantity as will be seen below. The locations 5-1 to 5-4 together form a tiling (at least partial) of the platform 2, that is to say, they together cover the surface of the platform 2 intended to receive loads, which surface covers all or part of one side of the platform 2.

[0061] Each container 3-j has a respective footprint 6-j. The footprints 6-1, 6-2, and 6-3 of containers 6-1 to 6-3 each occupy an integer number of locations 5-1 to 5-4. Here, containers 3-1 and 3-2 have respective footprints 6-1 and 6-2. occupying a 5-i slot, while the 3-3 container has a 6-3 footprint occupying two adjacent 5-i slots.

[0062] Of course, other combinations of containers can be attached to this platform, for example, four containers each occupying one space, or two containers each occupying two spaces (footprint of dimension U x 2U), or one container occupying all four spaces (footprint of dimension 2U x 2U). Other tilings for other platforms can also be considered, as this system offers great flexibility.

[0063] Reference is now made to figures 2, 3 and 4, which represent a bonding interface 4, intended to play the role of interface 4-i as in the system of figures IA and IB.

[0064] The interface 4 comprises a first plate 10 and a second plate 12. The first plate 10 is intended to be supported by the platform 2. The second plate 12 is intended to be fixed to a load (for example, on a lower face of one of the containers 3-j in [Fig. 1]). In [Fig. 3], the first plate 10 and the second plate 12 are pressed against each other in a so-called fixed position.

[0065] The first and second plates 10 and 12 are both square in shape. Furthermore, the first and second plates 10 and 12 are of identical or nearly identical dimensions, although this is not essential.

[0066] The first plate 10 carries at least two locking elements 14-k, k being an integer between 1 and K, where K is the number of locking elements. In this case, the first plate 10 of the interface 4 in Figures 2 and 3 carries four locking elements 14-1, 14-2, 14-3 and 14-4.

[0067] The locking elements 14-k are movable between a first state and a second state (shown in [Fig. 3]). The first state, called the approach or released state, allows the plates 10 and 12 to be separated or brought together as desired, without the locking elements hindering this. This state is also called the released or free state, because the locking elements 14-k allow the second plate 12 to move freely in the Z direction. This free state can also be called the open state, and the locked state the closed state, like a lock.

[0068] In the second state, referred to as the locking state, the two plates are pressed against each other by means of the locking elements 14-k. This state of attachment, or locking, is particularly visible [Fig. 3]. More precisely, a bolt-forming portion 140 of each locking element 14-k engages with a corresponding strike plate portion 120 provided for this purpose in the second plate 12 so as to firmly immobilize the second plate 12 relative to the first plate 10.

[0069] In the free state, the first plate 10 and the second plate 12 can then be brought together in a so-called pre-assembly position.

[0070] The locking elements can be placed in an intermediate state, known as the capture state, when the plates 10 and 12 are in this pre-assembled position. In this capture state, the bolt-forming portion 140 of each of the locking elements 14-k engages with the second plate 12 while allowing the second plate to move in translation and rotation relative to the first plate within predetermined translation and rotation ranges. The fact that the second plate 12 is free within a predetermined translation and rotation range makes the second plate 12 free in both rotation and translation, while keeping it close to the first plate 10 and preventing it from overturning (the load or container attached to the second plate remains correctly oriented).

[0071] The locking elements 14-k are actuated by a linkage 16, so as to be moved between the open state, the capture state, and the locking state. By being driven from the capture state to the locking state, the locking elements 14-k progressively bring the first plate 10 and the second plate 12 into translation and rotation from the pre-assembly position to the locking position.

[0072] This intermediate state, of capture, is particularly advantageous in that it allows a load to be captured to which the second plate is fixed with a greater tolerance to placement, all positions of the second plate 12 between the pre-assembly position and the bonding position being able to capture the load.

[0073] Reference is made to Figures 4 to 6. The bolt-forming portion 140 of one of the locking elements 14-k (also referred to as 14, for brevity) has a flat surface extending radially. The locking element 14 is pivotally mounted on a shaft 144 housed in an oblong hole 146 formed in the locking element 14. The shaft 144 is fixed to the first plate 10, here by means of one or more fingers or catches 142 (visible in Figures 2, 3 and 4), which are themselves fixed to the first plate 10. The fingers 142 are here fixed to the first plate 10 by several screws. The oblong hole 146 extends here in a longitudinal direction referenced V (cf. [Fig.4]) inclined relative to the surface of the portion forming bolt 140. The axis 144 and the oblong hole 146 together form a first connection 149.The locking element 14 is thus fixed to the plate via this axis 144 housed in the oblong hole 146 so that the locking element 14 can pivot and translate as will be described below.

[0074] Each locking element 14-k passes through an opening 122 in the second plate 12, so that the bolt portion 140 and the first plate 10 can grip the second plate 12. The locking elements 14-k also pass through an opening 102 in the first plate 10, reducing the overall size of the assembly formed by the first plate 10 and the locking elements 14-k, this assembly being referred to as the "lock". Alternatively (not shown in the figures), the locking elements 14-k can pass around a hook portion of the second plate (and not through an opening 122 in the second plate 12), to produce the same clamping effect to secure the plates 10 and 12.

[0075] The locking element 14 is mounted on an actuator 148 by means of a second pivoting and translating linkage 150. The actuator 148 comprises a central column, visible in Figures 2 to 4. This second linkage 150 is visible in Figures 2, 3, and 6, and the reference numeral 150 in Figure 4 indicates its location. The second linkage 150 is here achieved by a pin 152 engaging in a hole 154 having a cylindrical portion 1540 and a linear portion 1542. Reference is made in particular to Figure 6. The pin 152 comprises, at the coupling with the hole 154, two concentric and symmetrical cylindrical faces 1520 connected to each other by two parallel flat faces 1522. In other words, the pin 152 presents here at the coupling with the hole 154 a section comprising two concentric and symmetrical circular arcs connected by two straight and parallel sides.The two cylindrical portions 1520 have the same diameter as that of the cylindrical portion 1540 of the hole 154, so that the pin 152 can pivot in this cylindrical portion 1542 of the hole 154. The two flat and parallel faces 1522 of the pin 152 together delimit a central portion 1524 of the pin, of constant thickness e equal to the width of the linear portion 1542 of the hole 154, so that the pin 152 can slide in this linear portion 1542 of the hole 154.

[0076] Reference is made to figures 7 and 8, which represent the kinematics of the locking element 14. [Fig.7] schematically represents the relative positions A to F of the first plate 10, the second plate 12, the actuator 148 and the locking element 14. For the sake of brevity, the frame R = (x, y, z) mentioned above is reused, the direction z corresponding to an “axial” direction of the mechanics and the direction x to a “radial” direction.

[0077] The locking element, by virtue of the shape of the second link 150, is capable of pivoting and translating. More precisely, translation is made possible when the locking element is oriented with the linear portion 1542 parallel to the plates 10 and 12, as in positions E and F of [Fig. 7]. Rotation, on the other hand, is made possible when the pin 150 is disengaged from the linear portion 1542 and fully housed in the cylindrical portion 1540. Such a rotation is represented by the movement of the locking element 14 between positions A to E.

[0078] In position A, the locking element 14 is in an extreme position, in which it can pass through both plates 10 and 12, and in particular through the opening 122 of the second plate 12. In position f, the locking element 14 is in a second extreme position in which the locking element comes to grip the second plate 12 and press it against the first plate 10 by acting jointly with the other locking elements.

[0079] In position B, the actuator 148 is moved radially (here in the x direction), parallel to the first plate 10. This movement causes, via the second link 150, the locking element 14 to rotate around the axis 144 of the first link 149 (cf. the movement from position A to B and from position B to C), the axis 144 moves up along the oblong hole 146 until the longitudinal direction V of the oblong hole 144 is parallel to the z direction, as shown in position C. The actuator continues its translational movement along the x direction (position C to D, then D to E) until the bolt-forming portion 140 of the locking element 14 comes to rest against the strike-forming portion 120 of the second plate 12 (position E). The actuator 148 continues its radial translation, whereby the pin 152 slides in the linear portion 1542 of the hole 154 of the locking element (position E to F).The central section 1524 of the pin is engaged with the walls of the linear portion 1542. This movement to the extreme position schematically represented in position F prevents any rotation of the locking element 14 around the axis 144 as long as the central portion 1524 is engaged in the linear portion 1542 of the hole 154. This firmly secures the entire assembly formed by the plates 10 and 12, the locking element 14, and the actuator 148. This securing is all the more advantageous because it is sufficient to hold the actuator 148 stationary in translation in the z direction to prevent any undue opening of the locking elements 14-k. The forces required to hold these locking elements 14-k stationary are thus low, making the assembly particularly robust, especially for withstanding the forces induced by a launch on a rocket or shuttle.

[0080] When the locking elements 14 are in position D of [Fig. 7], this corresponds to the aforementioned capture state. In this capture state, the second plate 12 can be moved in rotation and translation relative to the first plate 10, while being held close to the first plate 10 by the locking elements 14-k. Indeed, the bolt-forming portion 140 here blocks both the rotation and translation of the second plate 12 beyond a certain range of motion around a certain position where the plates are pressed against each other. This translational and rotational deflection (also called angular and linear deflections, respectively) is represented by the linear and angular ranges respectively referenced by Dt and Dr on [Fig.7].

[0081] Thanks to this capture state, it is possible to "capture" a load attached to the second plate 12 without requiring very precise positioning of the second plate 12 relative to the first plate 10. Indeed, an operator (robotic or human) simply needs to move the second plate 12 until the locking elements 14-k pass through the opening 122, this movement being made possible by the retracted position (in the radial direction x) of the locking elements 14 (as in positions A to C in [Fig. 7]). Handling is thus considerably simplified.

[0082] The locking elements 14-k are actuated via the central column. Their movement can be achieved by any mechanism capable of moving the pins 150 in the (X, Y) plane, i.e. at a constant height relative to the first plate 10. This makes it possible to achieve the purely linear movement of the pin 150 described above.

[0083] For example, a rotating plate type mechanism with a variable connecting rod such as that described in [Fig. 17].

[0084] Such a mechanism 600 comprises a first plate forming a spiral groove 612 and a second plate 620 comprising as many linear grooves 622 as locking elements 14-k. These linear grooves 622 each extend in a respective radial direction and exhibit the same symmetry as the locking elements (in this case, 90° symmetry). The two plates are parallel. In [Fig. 17], only the second plate 620 is visible, the first plate being behind the second plate. The second plate 620 is fixed relative to the first plate 10, while the first plate 610 is free to rotate about the Z-axis, and more particularly about the center of the spiral. A lug 624, or finger, per locking element is housed both in a respective linear groove 622 and in the spiral groove 612, while being integral with the pin 150. Here, only one lug 624 is shown.In practice, each linear groove houses a stop.

[0085] An actuator, for example an electric motor, can then rotate the first plate, resulting in a simultaneous movement of all the lugs 624 in the translational direction defined by their respective linear grooves 622 (i.e., radially), and thus of the pins 150 attached to the lugs. This results in a movement of the lugs 624 and their respective pins 150 that is linear, purely radial, parallel to the plane of the first plate 10, and synchronous. This last property makes it possible to move all the locking elements 14-k synchronously via the pins 150 with a single actuator (for example, an electric motor). This simplifies the design of the actuator, despite the movement complex locking elements. Other connecting rod shapes besides the aforementioned spiral shape can be imagined to obtain a suitable opening speed curve for the locking elements.

[0086] Alternatively, the actuator can independently move the locking elements 14-k, for example via independently controlled pistons. Other mechanisms are conceivable for driving the locking elements in a suitable manner.

[0087] Fig. 8 schematically represents the kinematics of the locking element 14 during the passage between positions A and F of Fig. 7, and in particular of the portion forming the bolt 140, in the frame of reference of the first plate 10, and in particular in the frame of reference of the axis 144 of the first link 149.

[0088] In the frame of reference of the first plate 10, the pin 152 is moved along a straight trajectory 1500. This movement induces for the locking element a composite movement, called composite rotation, consisting of a rotation and a translation of the locking element 14. This composite rotation is represented by a scoop-like trajectory 1490 of the end 1400 of the portion forming the bolt 140. This scoop-like trajectory is more deeply concave, or wider along the z-axis, than a simple circular rotation 1440 around the axis 144. This makes it possible to increase the rotational deflection Dr and the translational deflection Dt accordingly, particularly in the capture state. This capture state ideally, but not necessarily, corresponds to the state in which the end 1400 of the portion forming bolt 140 is in its extreme position 1402 with respect to the z-axis.The tolerance of the positioning of the second plate 12 — and therefore of the load — relative to the first plate 10 — and therefore of the platform — is improved.

[0089] There are four locking elements 14-k, but the invention would operate with two locking elements 14-k. It is important that the interface include at least two locking elements 14-k so that the gripping can operate even if one of the two locking elements fails. With three or more locking elements, the connection can be implemented even if one of the locking elements fails. With four locking elements 14-k, as in the example described here, all the preceding properties are obtained, and the mechanism also benefits from 90° rotational symmetry. This symmetry, which is also central, makes the interface 4 agnostic to a 90° rotation of the load, thus facilitating the connection of a load.In an embodiment with only two locking elements, these are arranged with central symmetry, making interface 4 agnostic to a 180° rotation of the load.

[0090] Reference is made to [Fig. 9] and [Fig. 10]. [Fig. 9] shows a top view of interface 4 in the capture state. [Fig. 10] shows... positions i, ii, iii and iv of the interface, each position being seen from the side of the second plate 12 (top), from the side (middle) and from the side of the first plate 10 (bottom), position i corresponding to the state of the [Fig.9].

[0091] In position i, the locking elements 14-k are in the captured state. In position iv, the locking elements 14-k are in the locked state, with the first plate 10 and the second plate 12 pressed against each other. Positions ii and iii are intermediate between positions i and iv, kinematically speaking.

[0092] As can be seen in particular in [Fig. 9], the strike plate portion 120 of the second plate has a guide portion 1200 (here in the form of a raised lip) for the bolt portion 140. More precisely, the guide portion 1200, also called the guide track, has a lateral wall in the form of a spiral portion. The respective spirals of the guide portions 1200 and the strike plate portions 120 are concentric.

[0093] Thus, when each locking element 14-k is moved towards the locking position (positions i to iv of [Fig. 10]), the end 1400 of each bolt portion 140 moves closer to its respective guide portion 1200. The end 1400 is in fact moved radially outwards by the movement of its respective locking element 14. This further reduces the translational travel in the radial directions x and y (i.e., perpendicular to the axial direction z). When the end 1400 comes to rest against the spiral portion while the locking element 14 continues its movement, this induces an axial rotation (z-axis) of the second plate 12 until it aligns with the first plate 10 in the locking position.

[0094] The distance between the end 1400 of each bolt-forming portion 140 is zero in the locked position (position iv of [Fig. 10]). This interaction between the bolt-forming portions 140 of the locking elements 14-k (here 14-1 to 14-4) and the guide portions 1200 of the strike-forming portions 120 of the second plate 12 achieves self-centering of the second plate 12 relative to the first plate 10. Thus, the precise positioning of the second plate 12 relative to the first plate 10—and therefore of the load relative to the platform—is achieved by the lock formed by the first plate 10 and the locking elements 14-k. This eliminates the need for an external operator (human or robotic) to position the load relative to the platform, greatly simplifying handling, particularly in zero gravity or reduced gravity.

[0095] As can be seen in Figures 10 and 11 (but not in [Fig. 5]), the end 1400 of the locking element can be beveled. This allows for better interaction between the bolt-forming portion 140 and the spiral portion 1200. This bevel It may have a profile complementary to that of the spiral portion 1200. Alternatively (not shown in the figures), this bevel may have a greater angle than that of the spiral portion, so as to maintain point contact between the end 1400 of the bolt-forming portion 140 and the lateral wall 1200 of the spiral portion. Also alternatively, as can be seen in [Fig. 5], the end 1400 may be without a bevel. Self-centering can be achieved by other means as described below.

[0096] Alternatively (not shown in the figures), the spiral portion may be partial, i.e., only on the lateral wall portion of the strike plate portion 120 at the point of maximum radial extension of the bolt portion 140 (or in other words, the portion radially furthest from the opening 120). In such a case, a robotic or human operator can roughly orient the load (and therefore the second plate) during the initial part of the locking process, with fine positioning achieved thanks to the self-centering properties of the partial spiral portion, as described above. This allows the operator to roughly position the load, while relieving them of the burden of precise positioning.

[0097] More generally, the end 1400 of the bolt-forming element 140 thus forms a first relief, and the spiral portion forms a second relief. The first and second reliefs have complementary shapes and thus engage with each other as the locking elements 14-k bring the second plate into the locked state.

[0098] These first and second reliefs can be achieved alternately by a recessed motif and a raised motif of complementary shapes, each motif being formed on a respective plate. The motifs are then shaped so that a coming together under the action of the locking elements induces the aforementioned alignment and centering.

[0099] In the example shown [Fig.9], at least each strike portion 120 has a recess 1210, or depression. This depression 1210 is formed where the bolt portion 140 of a locking element 14 is arranged when the locking element 14 is in the retracted position, i.e., when the interface is in a locked state.

[0100] These depressions 1210 together form a relief allowing for "fine" centering of the locking elements 14-k, improving the self-centering of the second plate 12 during the final stages of interface assembly. Furthermore, since the bolt-forming portion 140 of the locking elements 14-k is partially housed within the depressions 1210, this allows the locking elements 14-k to be held more firmly in place. The position of the joint (see [Fig. 11], view iv), compared to a purely friction-based hold. These depressions are, of course, optional.

[0101] Reference is made to Figures 11 and 12. [Fig. 11] represents part of a tiling of the platform 2 by a plurality of locations 200, similar to those in Figure 1B. Each first plate 10 is suitable for receiving a second plate 12 of the type described previously, to form an interface 4 capable of securing a load.

[0102] The first plates 10 are arranged in a network. This network has a square mesh and is also called a "grid". In other words, the first plates 10 are equidistant and arranged in row(s) and column(s).

[0103] Each location 200 is defined by a respective first plate 10. Each location 200 extends around its respective first plate 10 and defines a rectangular area around it. This rectangular area is larger than the footprint of the first plate 10, and in particular encompasses the footprint 202 of the first plate when it is rotated by a certain angle, as can be seen [Fig. 11]. This makes it possible to secure a load in a given location even when all or part of the adjacent locations are occupied, without having to precisely rotate the load mounted on a second plate 12 to insert it between the neighboring loads.

[0104] In the example described here, location 200 is a square with sides of 125 mm, and the first plates 10 have a generally square shape with sides of 96 mm, the latter dimension being denoted U hereafter. Other values ​​of U are possible. These dimensions are given for guidance purposes only and may be subject to future standardization, allowing for greater interoperability between different stakeholders.

[0105] Figure 12 shows three load indentations 210, 212 and 214. The first indentation 210 delimits a square of dimensions U x U, the second indentation 212 a rectangle of dimensions U x 2U and the third indentation 214 a square of dimensions 2U x 2U. Other configurations are conceivable, in particular an "L" or "T" configuration.

[0106] The wide range of possible footprints for a load attached to several interfaces is made possible by the angular and linear movement that the interfaces allow in the capture state. Indeed, without this angular and linear movement, it would be necessary to position a load extremely precisely to secure the second plates 12 to their respective first plates 10. In practice, this positioning would be so delicate as to be almost impossible, forcing the attachment of large loads to a single interface. Large loads would thus be less reliably secured to the platform, as only one interface would hold them.

[0107] Reference is made to Figures 13 to 15, which represent an optional embodiment of the invention. Figure 13 shows a front view of a first plate 10. This first plate 10 is provided with a plurality of openings 300 formed through the first plate 10. These openings 300 are equidistant circumferentially, according to the same invariance under 90° (or 180°) rotation described above.

[0108] These openings 300 are suitable for housing first electrical connectors 310 (visible [Fig. 15]) and for receiving second electrical connectors 320 arranged on the second plate 12 (visible [Fig. 14]). The first electrical connectors 310 and the second electrical connectors 320 are an integral part of the interface and allow electrical and / or electronic coupling of the load to the platform.

[0109] In the example described here, the first electrical connectors 310 and the second electrical connectors 320 each come in pairs, arranged with central symmetry (or invariance under 180° rotation). Alternatively, the first electrical connectors 310 and the second electrical connectors 320 could be in quadruplets, and their respective arrangement invariant under 90° rotation.

[0110] The first electrical connectors 310 are electrically connected to the platform 2, and more generally to the satellite or launcher to which the platform 2 is attached. The first connectors 310 are mounted here on a printed circuit board 330 housed behind the first plate 10. The second electrical connectors 320 are electrically connected to the load, whether it is bare or housed in the container of the type described above. Alternatively, the second electrical connectors 320 are connected to the container itself, for example to sensors arranged on the container.

[0111] In the example described here, the first electrical connectors 310 are of the female type and the second electrical connectors 320 are of the male type, but the reverse is also possible.

[0112] As can be seen in Figures 14 and 15, the first electrical connectors 310 have an arrangement similar to that of the second electrical connectors 320. Thus, when the second plate 12 is joined to the first plate 10, the first electrical connectors 310 engage with the second electrical connectors 320, achieving the aforementioned electrical and / or electronic coupling.

[0113] This electrical and / or electronic coupling allows the load—for example, if it is an instrumentation module—to be powered and / or communicated with this load—for example, to control it. Thanks to the invariance under 180° rotation (or 90°, not shown here), the electrical and / or electronic connection is made regardless of the orientation in which the boards are joined, similar to a USB-C connector. This further simplifies the use of the interface for connecting loads.

[0114] Figure 14 further shows a skeleton of the aforementioned container. This skeleton comprises four uprights 400 attached to a first base 410 and a second base 420, each rectangular (here, square). The assembly delimits a parallelepiped defining the internal volume of the container. The first base 410 is attached to the second plate 12. Such a skeleton makes it possible to obtain a rigid and lightweight container.

[0115] Reference is made to [Fig. 16], which represents an optional embodiment of the invention. The interface 4 here provides thermal coupling between the interior of the container 500 and the platform 2. More specifically, the walls 510 of the container on the faces other than that occupied by the second plate 12 (to which the container 500 is attached) are thermally insulating, while the interface 4 is made of a thermally conductive material. The plates 10 and 12 can, for example, be made of aluminum or steel.

[0116] This particular configuration allows almost all heat exchange between the inside of the container 500 and the outside to be directed through interface 4. This is represented by the bold arrow in [Fig.16], passing through interface 4, while heat exchange through the walls 510, represented by dashed arrows, is very low in comparison.

[0117] Thus, platform 2 is equipped here with means for controlling heat exchange between the contents of container 500 (i.e., the payload housed within it) and the outside. This allows for precise control of the temperature inside the container on the satellite or launcher side, preventing overheating or freezing.

[0118] The interface may be equipped with a load release mechanism, not shown in the figures. During the release of a load (i.e., the transition from the locked state to the released state), the locking elements are fully opened (or deployed) by motor. This produces a "shock" from the end 1400 of the locking elements 14 to the "ceiling" of the load, i.e., against the 410, which imparts momentum to the load.

[0119] Alternatively, the interface may include a simpler release mechanism based on a spring (more generally, an elastic element that accumulates potential energy). This spring may, for example, be attached to the second plate 12 and compressed during the assembly of the interface. Upon release of the load, the spring releases its potential energy so as to repel the released load.

Claims

Demands

1. A securing interface (4) for a payload, intended to be placed in orbit, to a launch platform (2), the interface (4) comprising a first plate (10) carried by said platform (2) and a second plate (12) carried by said payload, said plates (10, 12) being intended to be pressed against each other in a securing position, characterized in that said first plate (10) carries at least two locking elements (14) movable between two states: - a first state, called the approach state, allowing said plates (10, 12) to be brought close to each other without said locking elements (14) interacting with said second plate (12), in a pre-assembly position, and - a second state, called the locking state, in which said plates (10, 12) are in said securing position,a bolt-forming portion (140) of each of said locking elements (12) engaging with a corresponding strike-forming portion (120) provided for this purpose on the second plate (12), in that said locking elements (14) are placed in an intermediate state, called the capture state, from the pre-assembly position, in which the bolt-forming portion (140) of each of said locking elements (14) engages with the second plate (12) while allowing translational and rotational movements of the second plate (12) relative to the first plate (10) within predetermined translational (A) and rotational (Dr) ranges, and in that said locking elements (14) are actuated to move from the capture state to the locking state, thus progressively bringing the plates (10, 12) into said locking position through rotation and translation.

2. A fastening interface according to claim 1, wherein each locking element (14) comprises at least one first relief (1400) and the second plate (12) comprises a second relief (1200; 1210), the first relief (1400) and the second relief (1200; 1210) exhibiting complementary forms and coming into mutual contact when the locking elements (14) are in the locked state.

3. A joining interface according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second plate (12) has at least one guide track (1200) capable of cooperating with a bolt-forming portion (140) of the locking element (14) to guide the second plate (12) to the joining position.

4. A joining interface according to claim 3, wherein each guide track (1200) comprises a lateral face (1200) forming a spiral portion by bolt-forming portion (140), the spiral portions (1200) being concentric, and wherein when the locking elements (14) are actuated to join the plates (10, 12), each of the bolt-forming portions (140) is moved radially outwards and against a spiral portion (1200), thus rotating the second plate (12) to the joining position.

5. A fastening interface according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a container (3) for receiving a load is fixed to the second plate (12), the wall (510) of the container (3) being made of a thermally insulating material and having an opening closed by the second plate (12), and wherein the first plate (10) and the second plate (12) are each made of a thermally conductive material.

6. A joining interface according to any one of the preceding claims comprising an even number of locking elements (14), each plate (10, 12) having central symmetry.

7. A joining interface according to claim 6, comprising a number of locking elements (14-1, 14-2, 14-3, 14-4) that is a multiple of four, the second plate (12) and the first plate (10) each having a symmetry by rotation of 90°.

8. A joining interface according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the first plate (10) has an even number of first electrical connectors (310) arranged with central symmetry, and wherein the second plate (12) has the same number of complementary second electrical connectors (320) arranged similarly to the first electrical connectors (310), the first plate (10) having a plurality of lights (300) arranged to correspond to the location of the first electrical connectors (310).

9. First plate (10), intended to be carried by a launch platform (2) for placing at least one payload into orbit, said first plate (10) being intended to receive, pressed against it, in a position called the locking position, a second plate (12) given, locked to a payload to be placed into orbit, characterized in that said first plate (10) carries at least two locking elements (14) movable between two states: - a first state, called the approach state, allowing said plates to be brought close to each other without said locking elements (14) interacting with said second plate (12), in a pre-assembly position, and - a second state, called the locking state, in which said plates (10, 12) are in said locking position, a bolt-forming portion (140) of each of said locking elements (14) engaging with a corresponding portion,forming a strike plate (120), provided for this purpose on the second plate (12), in that said locking elements (14) are placed in an intermediate state, called the capture state, from the pre-assembly position, in which the bolt-forming portion (140) of each of said locking elements (14) engages with the second plate (12) while allowing translational and rotational movements of the second plate (12) relative to the first plate (10) within predetermined translational (A) and rotational (Dr) ranges, and in that said locking elements (14) are actuated to pass from the capture state to the locking state, thus progressively bringing the plates (10, 12) into said locking position through rotation and translation.

10. Space platform (2) having a flat face on which are arranged a plurality of first plates (10) according to the preceding claim.

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