Construction assembly

Abstract

Construction Assembly The present invention relates to a construction assembly (10) comprising at least one composite panel (15) including a main portion (20) extending along an alignment direction (A) between two ends (24, 26). The main portion (20) has a sandwich structure comprising two outer layers (30, 32) and an insulating layer (35) disposed between the two outer layers (30, 32) in a stacking direction (D1) perpendicular to the alignment direction (A), each outer layer (30, 32) being made of at least reinforced polymer, the insulating layer (35) being made of at least plastic foam. The main portion (20) includes, at each end (24, 26), a support element (40) fixed to another adjacent element of the assembly (10) along the alignment direction (A). Figure for the abstract: 1

Description

Title of the invention: Construction assembly

[0001] The present invention relates to a construction assembly of the type comprising at least one composite panel.

[0002] In a context of geopolitical or environmental crisis, it is necessary to build temporary or permanent dwellings and / or shelters quickly, cheaply, and with few resources, whether in terms of financial resources and materials used, or in terms of the workers' qualifications in the field of construction.

[0003] Moreover, such dwellings must meet certain robustness criteria, particularly for the safety of users (for example, geopolitical refugees or natural disasters).

[0004] One of the aims of the invention is therefore to propose a construction assembly that makes it easier and faster to build an inexpensive dwelling, while offering a robust assembly.

[0005] To this end, the invention relates to a construction assembly comprising at least one composite panel, each composite panel comprising at least one main portion extending along an alignment direction between two ends of the panel;

[0006] the main portion having a sandwich structure comprising two outer layers and an insulating layer disposed between the two outer layers in a stacking direction perpendicular to the alignment direction, each outer layer being made at least of reinforced polymer, the insulating layer being made at least of plastic foam;

[0007] the main portion comprising, at each end, a support element, each support element being fixed to another element of the neighboring assembly along the alignment direction.

[0008] Composite panels made of plastic foam are lightweight and easy to handle and assemble, for example by unskilled workers. This makes it possible to meet the needs of emergency housing construction, while creating employment opportunities for unskilled workers.

[0009] Moreover, such composite panels have a minimalist design and minimize the production costs of the assembly.

[0010] According to other advantageous aspects of the invention, the construction assembly comprises one or more of the following features, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations:

[0011] - the construction assembly comprises at least two composite panels successively adjacent along the alignment direction, each support element being fixed to one of the support elements of the adjacent composite panel along the alignment direction;

[0012] - each support element is made at least of wood;

[0013] - the assembly is intended to form a ceiling or floor of a building of housing, and for each support element, the ratio of the thickness of the support element, taken along the stacking direction, to the thickness of the main portion comprising said support element, taken along the stacking direction, is between 1.0 and 2.0;

[0014] - the assembly is intended to form a ceiling or floor of a building of dwelling, and each support element projects from the main portion perpendicularly to the alignment direction, the projecting part of each support element forming with the main portion an angle substantially equal to 90°, in a plane containing the stacking direction of the main portion, and the alignment direction;

[0015] - the assembly is intended to form a vertical wall of a residential building, and for each support element, the ratio of the thickness of the support element, taken along the stacking direction, to the thickness of the insulating layer of the main portion comprising said support element, taken along the stacking direction, is substantially equal to 1;

[0016] - the assembly is intended to form a vertical wall of a residential building, and each panel includes, at each support element, a rib extending perpendicularly to the alignment direction from the associated end, the rib having said sandwich structure in a stacking direction parallel to the alignment direction, at least one of the outer layers of the rib extending to cover the associated support element;

[0017] - the rib includes a reinforcing element, separate from the support element from the end of the main portion associated with the rib, in a direction perpendicular to the alignment direction, the width of the reinforcing element, taken along the alignment direction, being substantially equal to the width of the associated support element, taken along the alignment direction;

[0018] - for each main portion, the outer layer is made of reinforced polymer made of fiberglass, the polymer being chosen from a polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin or an epoxy resin.

[0019] The invention also relates to a dwelling structure comprising a ceiling, a floor opposite the ceiling, and at least one wall connecting the floor to the ceiling, in which at least one of the wall, ceiling and / or floor is made using an assembly as described above.

[0020] The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a dwelling building comprising a method of constructing an assembly as described below.

[0021] Finally, the invention also relates to a method of constructing an assembly as described above, the method comprising the steps of supplying at least one composite panel comprising at least one main portion extending along an alignment direction and being as described above, and of fixing each support element to another element of the assembly along the alignment direction.

[0022] The invention will become clearer upon reading the following description, given solely by way of non-limiting example, and made with reference to the drawings in which:

[0023] [Fig. 1] [Fig. 1] is a cross-sectional view along a vertical plane of an assembly according to the invention intended to form a floor of a building,

[0024] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is a cross-sectional view along a horizontal plane of an assembly according to the invention intended to form a vertical wall of a structure, and

[0025] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] is a cross-sectional view along a vertical plane of an assembly according to the invention intended to form a ceiling of a building.

[0026] With reference to figures 1 to 3, a construction assembly 10, 100, 200 is described comprising at least one composite panel 15, 150, 250.

[0027] Different embodiments of the invention are shown in each of Figures 1 to 3.

[0028] With reference to [Fig.1], assembly 10 is, according to a first embodiment, intended to form a floor of a residential building.

[0029] With reference to [Fig.2], assembly 100 is according to a second embodiment intended to form a vertical wall of a residential building.

[0030] With reference to [Fig.3], assembly 200 is according to a third embodiment intended to form a ceiling of a residential building.

[0031] The first embodiment, with reference to [Fig.1], will now be described in detail.

[0032] In this first embodiment, the assembly 10 comprises, for example, at least two composite panels 15 successively adjacent along an alignment direction A. In the example of [Fig. 1], the assembly 10 comprises at least three, or even at least four, composite panels 15 successively adjacent. Those skilled in the art will understand that the number of composite panels 15 in the assembly 10 varies from one panel 15 to a plurality of panels 15, depending on the requirement.

[0033] By "successively neighbors", it is understood that each composite panel 15 is aligned with at least one other of the composite panels 15 along the alignment direction A, two panels 15 being considered as successively neighbors when they are the closest neighbors along the alignment direction A. In other words, no panel is interposed between two panels said to be successively neighbors.

[0034] In the first embodiment where the assembly 10 is intended to form a floor of a building, the alignment direction A is for example a horizontal direction, that is to say perpendicular to the vertical.

[0035] Each composite panel 15 includes at least one main portion 20 extending along the alignment direction A between two ends 24, 26 of the panel 15.

[0036] For each composite panel 15, the main portion 20 has a width L2, taken along the alignment direction A, for example between 1 mm and 1150 mm.

[0037] For each composite panel 15, the main portion 20 has a sandwich structure comprising two external layers 30, 32 and an insulating layer 35 disposed between the two external layers 30, 32 in a stacking direction DI perpendicular to the alignment direction A.

[0038] Each outer layer 30, 32 is fixed to the insulating layer 35, for example by gluing.

[0039] In [Fig.1], the outer layers 30, 32 are schematically illustrated as a continuous line and the insulating layer 35 is schematically illustrated and corresponds to the portion between the layers 30, 32.

[0040] In the first embodiment where the assembly 10 is intended to form a floor of a building, the stacking direction DI is for example a vertical direction.

[0041] Each composite panel 15 supports the weight of the elements and persons arranged in the construction.

[0042] For each composite panel 15, each outer layer 30, 32 is made at least of reinforced polymer. For example, each outer layer 30, 32 consists of a reinforced polymer.

[0043] By “reinforced polymer”, it is understood that the outer layers 30, 32 comprise a plastic matrix and a reinforcement, for example selected from fibers, beads, or microspheres.

[0044] In particular, the reinforcement includes, for example, glass fibers, the plastic matrix being chosen from a polyester resin and / or a vinyl ester resin and / or an epoxy resin.

[0045] When the reinforcement includes glass fibers, these are for example woven into a taffeta reinforcement weft, or woven without crimping (Non Crimp Fabrics), or are in the form of a non-woven fabric composed of short strands of glass fiber.

[0046] The outer layer 30 corresponds to the upper layer, when the assembly 10 forms a floor.

[0047] The outer layer 30 is for example made of a similar material or of a different material from the outer layer 32.

[0048] The outer layers 30, 32 have, for example, a thickness, taken along the stacking direction Dl, of between 1 mm and 12 mm.

[0049] The outer layers 30, 32, made more resistant by the reinforcement, protect the panel 15 from external aggressions, for example from mechanical shocks, or from chemical aggressions.

[0050] In addition, the outer layers 30, 32 also ensure the impermeability of the panel 15 and give it increased durability.

[0051] For each composite panel 15, the insulating layer 35 is made of at least plastic foam. For example, the insulating layer 35 consists of a plastic foam.

[0052] The plastic foam is selected from polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam, urethane foam, phenol foam and / or acrylic foam.

[0053] In a particular example, the plastic foam is an extruded or expanded polystyrene foam, an example of which is known as "Styrofoam" (registered trademark).

[0054] The insulating layer 35 has, for example, a thickness, taken along the stacking direction Dl, of between 100 mm and 200 mm.

[0055] The insulating layer 35 gives the panel 15 its thermal and / or acoustic resistance.

[0056] Since the insulating layer 35 is made of foam, it contains a quantity of air resulting in a low density.

[0057] For example, the insulating layer 35 has a density between 10 kg / m3 and 50 kg / m3.

[0058] Thus, the insulating layer 35 actively participates in reducing the mass of the composite panel 15.

[0059] The materials used for the production of the panels 15, and in particular the insulating layer 35 and the external layers 30, 32, are inexpensive materials, which helps to minimize the cost of manufacturing the panels 15.

[0060] For each panel 15, the main portion 20 comprises, at each end 24, 26, a support element 40. In particular, the support elements 40, arranged at each end 24, 26 of panel 15, are distinct from each other, and are distinct from the support elements 40 of the other panels 15.

[0061] As will be described in more detail later, each support element 40 is integrated into the sandwich structure of the corresponding panel 15.

[0062] Each support element 40 is for example made of wood.

[0063] For each support element 40 of each panel 15, the support element 40 has an elongated cylindrical shape along an elongation direction D3 perpendicular to the alignment direction A and stacking direction Dl. For example, the support element 40 has an elongated cylindrical shape with a rectangular or square cross-section.

[0064] In other words, each support element 40 is a support beam for the corresponding panel 15. The support elements 40 thus ensure the transfer of mechanical forces exerted on the panel 15.

[0065] In the first embodiment, the elongation direction D3 is, for example, a horizontal direction.

[0066] For each support element 40 of each panel 15, the support element 40 is fixed to one of the support elements 40 of the adjacent composite panel 15 in the alignment direction A.

[0067] For example, as illustrated in [Fig.1], each support element 40 is screwed to the support element 40 of the adjacent composite panel 15 in the alignment direction A.

[0068] Each support element 40 of a composite panel 15 is, for example, screwed to the support element 40 of the adjacent composite panel 15, by two crossed screws 45.

[0069] Alternatively, for each support element 40 of each panel 15, the support element 40 is glued to one of the support elements 40 of the adjacent composite panel 15 in the alignment direction A.

[0070] Each support element 40 is integrated into the sandwich structure of the panel 15. More specifically, each support element 40 is, for example, in contact with the plastic foam of the insulating layer 35.

[0071] For each support element 40, the ratio of the thickness El of the support element 40, taken along the stacking direction Dl, to the thickness E2 of the main portion 20 comprising said support element 40, taken along the stacking direction Dl, is between 1.0 and 2.0.

[0072] In other words, each support element 40 comprises an internal part 49, integrated into the main portion 20 and replacing the insulating layer 35 of the main portion 20 and a projecting part 50 projecting from the main portion 20, along the stacking direction Dl perpendicular to the alignment direction A.

[0073] The projecting part 50 extends the internal part 49 along the stacking direction Dl, for example by a distance less than the thickness E2 of the main portion, on the side of the external layer 32. The projecting part 50 of each support element 40 forms with the main portion 20 an angle substantially equal to 90°, in a plane containing the stacking direction Dl of the main portion 20, and the alignment direction A.

[0074] In a plane containing the stacking direction Dl of the main portion 20, and the alignment direction A, the composite panel 15 then forms a U.

[0075] The outer layer 30 in contact with the support element 40 is, for example, glued against said support element 40.

[0076] Similarly, the outer layer 32 in contact with the support element 40 is for example glued against said support element 40, and also covers the protruding part 50 of said support element 40.

[0077] The outer layer 32 covering the entire support element 40, it allows the insulating layer 35 to be isolated from the external environment.

[0078] For each support element 40 of each panel 15, the ratio of the width L1 of the support element 40, taken along the alignment direction A, to the width L2 of the main portion 20 comprising said support element 40, taken along the alignment direction A, is between 0.1 and 0.5.

[0079] Thus, for example, when the main portion 20 has a width L2, taken along the alignment direction A, substantially equal to 115 cm, the support element 40 has a width L1, taken along the alignment direction A, substantially equal to 15 cm.

[0080] Since the support elements 40 are located at each end 24, 26 of the main portion 20 of a composite panel 15, the distance between each support element 40 of the same panel 15, taken along the alignment direction A, is for example less than 200 cm, or even for example less than 100 cm.

[0081] Such support elements 40 improve the robustness, structural stability and rigidity conferred on the panel 15 by the support elements 40.

[0082] Moreover, the support elements 40 being made of wood, and being dimensioned and positioned in the manner described above, they only generate a slight increase in the mass of the panel 15.

[0083] In the example of [Fig.1], the assembly 10 includes a sealing foam 55. In the example of [Fig.1], an additional sealing foam 64 is also disposed at least in part between the protruding parts 50 of the two adjacent composite panels 15, along the alignment direction A.

[0084] The additional sealing foam 64 is arranged away from the sealing foam 55, according to the stacking direction DL

[0085] With reference to [Fig.2], a second embodiment of the invention will now be described.

[0086] In all that follows, assembly 100 is identical to assembly 10 at least with respect to certain features, which will therefore not be described again and will bear the same reference numerals. Only the differences with the first embodiment of assembly 10 will be described subsequently.

[0087] It is understood that the invention supports any technically feasible combination of the first and second embodiments.

[0088] As described above, the assembly 100 according to the second embodiment is for example intended to form a vertical wall of a residential building.

[0089] In this second embodiment, the alignment direction A and the thickness direction DI are horizontal directions and the elongation direction D3 of the support elements 40 is a vertical direction.

[0090] In the second embodiment, for each support element 40, the ratio of the thickness El of the support element 40, taken along the stacking direction Dl, to the thickness E2 of the insulating layer 35 of the main portion 20 comprising said support element 40, taken along the stacking direction Dl, is substantially equal to 1.

[0091] In other words, each support element 40 locally replaces substantially exactly the insulating layer 35 of the main portion 20 comprising said support element 40.

[0092] For each support element 40 of each panel 15, the support element 40 is partly fixed, for example partly glued, to the outer layer 30 only.

[0093] In this second embodiment, each composite panel 150 further comprises, at each support element 40, a rib 70 extending perpendicularly to the alignment direction A from the associated end 24, 26.

[0094] Each rib 70 has said sandwich structure in a stacking direction D2 parallel to the alignment direction A.

[0095] In other words, each rib 70 forms with the main portion 20 an angle substantially equal to 90°, in a plane containing the stacking direction Dl of the main portion 20, and the alignment direction A.

[0096] Each rib 70 extends the main portion 20 perpendicularly to the alignment direction A.

[0097] For example, each rib 70 extends the main portion 20 perpendicularly to the alignment direction A, on the side of the outer layer 32.

[0098] In a plane containing the stacking direction Dl of the main portion 20, and the alignment direction A, the composite panel 150 then forms a U, or an L.

[0099] The sandwich structure of each rib 70 thus comprises two external layers and an insulating layer arranged between the two external layers according to the stacking direction D2.

[0100] The materials used to make each outer layer and the insulating layer of each rib 70 are identical to those used, respectively, to make each outer layer 30, 32 and the insulating layer 35 of the main portion 20.

[0101] At the end 73 of the rib 70 opposite the end 24, 26 of the main portion 20, along the thickness direction DI of the main portion 20, the outer layers 30, 32 extend along the thickness direction D2 of the rib 70 and join to close the composite panel 150, and isolate the insulating layer 35 from the external environment.

[0102] In the second embodiment, the rib 70 includes a reinforcing element 75, visible in [Fig.2], away from the support element 40 of the end 24, 26 of the main portion 20 associated with the rib 70, in a direction perpendicular to the alignment direction A.

[0103] Each reinforcing element 75 is for example disposed at the end 73 of the rib 70 opposite the end 24, 26 of the main portion 20, according to the thickness direction DI of the main portion 20.

[0104] Each reinforcing element 75 is then, for example, fixed, for example glued, to the external layers 30, 32 of the rib 70.

[0105] For each rib 70 of each panel 150, the reinforcing element 75 is for example a wooden beam, such as the support element 40 of the associated main portion 20.

[0106] The width L3 of the reinforcement element 75, taken along the alignment direction A, is substantially equal to the width L1 of the associated support element 40, taken along the alignment direction A.

[0107] For each panel 150, the support element 40 is separated from the associated reinforcement element 75, along the thickness direction DI of the main portion 20, by a distance less than or equal to 120 cm, preferably between 50 cm and 120 cm.

[0108] In the same way as for the support elements 40, each reinforcement element 75 is fixed to one of the reinforcement elements 75 of the rib 70 of the adjacent composite panel 150 in the alignment direction A. For example, each reinforcement element 75 is screwed to the reinforcement element 75 of the rib 70 of the adjacent composite panel 150 in the alignment direction A.

[0109] For each reinforcement element 75 of each rib 70 of each composite panel 150, the reinforcement element 75 is, for example, screwed to the reinforcement element 75 of the rib 70 of the adjacent composite panel 150, by two crossed screws 80.

[0110] Each screw 70 is preferably made of metal.

[0111] Screws 80 are for example similar to screws 45.

[0112] With reference to [Fig.3], a third embodiment of the invention will now be described.

[0113] In all that follows, assembly 200 is identical to assembly 10, at least with respect to certain features, which will therefore not be described again and will bear the same reference numerals. Only the differences with the first embodiment of assembly 10 and the second embodiment of assembly 100 will be described subsequently.

[0114] It is understood that the invention supports any technically feasible combination of the first, second and third embodiment.

[0115] As described above, the assembly 200 according to the third embodiment is for example intended to form a ceiling of a residential building.

[0116] In this third embodiment, the alignment direction A is for example a horizontal direction, the thickness direction DI is for example a vertical direction and the elongation direction D3 of the support elements 40 is for example a horizontal direction.

[0117] In order to illustrate the robustness properties of the assembly according to the invention, tensile and flexural tests were carried out on the panels 15, 150, 200, or on a part of the panels 15, 150, 200, such as on the outer layers 30, 32 for example.

[0118] The following tests were carried out on panels 15, 150, 200 not including a support element 40. The inventors also discovered that the tensile and flexural strength of the panels 15, 150, 200 is further improved when they include the support elements 40 positioned as in the figures, and when they also include the reinforcement elements 75 positioned as in [Fig.2].

[0119] A first series of tensile tests was carried out on ten outer layers 30, 32 of the composite panels 15, 150, 200.

[0120] The outer layers 30, 32 of the composite panels 15, 150, 200 are formed from glass fibers embedded in a plastic matrix. The following tests were carried out in the direction of the glass fibers.

[0121] Each outer layer 30, 32 has a width, taken along the alignment direction A, of about 25 mm, and a thickness, taken along the thickness direction Dl, of about 2.5 mm.

[0122] The tensile tests were carried out using two mandrels arranged at a distance of 136 mm from each other, each firmly holding the outer layer 30, 32.

[0123] The applied tensile loads were measured and are reported in the table below.

[0124] The tensile strength, the modulus of elasticity and the Poisson's ratio of the outer layers 30, 32 were further calculated.

[0125] [Tab 1] Maximum load ResistT'-eaa eutson ;.MP a} Modulus of elasticity {GPa} Poisson's ratio î Panel nsl 23.32 33273 22.88 0 340 Panel n”2 23.32 379.32 .............37ë4o 22.æ ...............2738............... 0.346 | Panel nS:3 23.29 0.328 [ Panel n*4 23.62 372.83 2294 0.358 | Panel n*S 2378 37690 2399 0.328 Panel ns8 1 ! n 390 65 2397 0 353 | Panel n'7 ✓ ' 373 83 2292 0.328 î Panel n*8 38471 2298 0.320 | Panel 20.33 3^» 92 23.43 0.328 Panel n: 1C 24.62 4V) IS 2398 0.347 Muyenœ 23.29 ?4 a ' 23.09 0.336

[0126] This first series of tensile tests therefore demonstrates a high tensile strength in the direction of the glass fibers, of the assemblies according to the invention.

[0127] The assemblies also exhibit high moduli of elasticity and can therefore be described as rigid.

[0128] Such properties contribute to solidifying the assembly so as to secure and stabilize constructions using such assemblies.

[0129] A second series of tensile tests was carried out on nine external layers 30, 32 of composite panels 15, 150, 200.

[0130] The outer layers 30, 32 of the composite panels 15, 150, 200 are formed from glass fibers embedded in a plastic matrix. The following tests were carried out in a direction perpendicular to the glass fibers.

[0131] Each outer layer 30, 32 has a width, taken along the alignment direction A, of about 25 mm, and a thickness, taken along the thickness direction Dl, of about 2.5 mm.

[0132] The tensile tests were carried out using two mandrels arranged at a distance of 136 mm from each other, each firmly holding the outer layer 30, 32.

[0133] The applied tensile loads were measured and are reported in the table below.

[0134] The tensile strength, the modulus of elasticity and the Poisson's ratio of the outer layers 30, 32 were further calculated.

[0135] [Tab 2] Charge îW) Peassura a -a $ achon iMPa; Module [ of estasWé (GPaj | Coetfident of ] Pdsson § 24.03 376.92 2178 0.319 [ Panel 23.S3 366.75 21.84 [ 0.323 | Panel 23 29 3?^ <18 21.72 [ 0.3ÛS § Panel n“4 22.92 352.77 21.13 [ 0.326 § Panel n"5 , 1 346.56 0.329 § Panel 78 20 \ 334.34 J? ' O ' § c?21 ] Panel n87 : * c 385.87 -71 Panel 2* n 330.62 '5 4 $ o ■ü-ej Panel n'9 24.13 374.91 21.70 ..............012?................ Mayenne 23.28 364.76 21.82 0.321 [

[0136] This second series of tensile tests therefore demonstrates a high tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the glass fibers, of the assemblies according to the invention.

[0137] The assemblies also exhibit high moduli of elasticity and can therefore be described as rigid.

[0138] Such properties contribute to solidifying the assembly so as to secure and stabilize constructions using such assemblies.

[0139] A third series of tensile tests was carried out on five outer layers 30, 32 of composite panels 15, 150, 200.

[0140] The outer layers 30, 32 of the composite panels 15, 150, 200 are formed from glass fibers embedded in a plastic matrix. The following tests were carried out at an oblique angle of 45° to the glass fibers.

[0141] Each outer layer 30, 32 has a width, taken along the alignment direction A, of about 25 mm, and a thickness, taken along the thickness direction Dl, of about 2.5 mm.

[0142] The tensile tests were carried out using two mandrels arranged at a distance of 136 mm from each other, each firmly holding the outer layer 30, 32.

[0143] The applied tensile loads were measured and are reported in the table below.

[0144] The tensile strength, the modulus of elasticity and the Poisson's ratio of the outer layers 30, 32 were further calculated.

[0145] [Tab 3] Maximum load (kN) Tensile strength (MPa) Modulus of elasticity (GP a) Poisson's ratio Panel n*1 22 "5 389.56 22.68 0.289 Panel n*2 22.59 354.58 22.51 0.299 Panel A3 22 25 358.80 21.87 0.287 Panel A4 22 62 355.71 22.49 0.286 Panel AS 2294 352.83 21.87 0.286 Average 22.47 357.70 22.24 0.296

[0146] This third series of tensile tests therefore demonstrates a high tensile strength in an oblique direction of 45° relative to the glass fibers, of the assemblies according to the invention.

[0147] The assemblies also exhibit high moduli of elasticity and can therefore be described as rigid.

[0148] Such properties contribute to solidifying the assembly so as to secure and stabilize constructions using such assemblies.

[0149] A first series of bending tests was carried out on two composite panels 15 intended to form vertical walls of a residential building.

[0150] Each panel 15, 150, 200 has a length of approximately 2800 mm, taken along the elongation direction D3, a width of approximately 1000 mm, taken along the alignment direction A, and a thickness, taken along the thickness direction Dl, of approximately 100 mm.

[0151] The panels 15, 150, 200 were installed horizontally and subjected to a four-point bending test: a load was applied and distributed at two points on an upper surface of the panels 15, 150, 200, between two support points on the lower surface of the panels 15.

[0152] The test was carried out using a gantry testing machine. A load of 20 kN was applied to the upper surface of the panels 15, 150, 200, at two points located equidistant from each other from the support points.

[0153] The applied loads and vertical displacements (deflection) at the center of panels 15, 150, 200 were measured and are reported in the table below.

[0154] The stiffness of panels 15, 150, 200 has also been calculated.

[0155] [Tab 4] Load (kN) Deflection (mm) Stiffness (kN / mm) Panel 20 32.60 0.610 Panel nc2 20 30.76 0.649

[0156] This first series of bending tests therefore demonstrates a high stiffness and a high resistance to bending deformation, even under the effect of a load of up to 20 kN.

[0157] A second series of bending tests was carried out on ten outer layers 30, 32 of composite panels 15, 150, 200.

[0158] The outer layers 30, 32 of the composite panels 15, 150, 200 are formed from glass fibers embedded in a plastic matrix. The following tests were carried out in the direction of the glass fibers.

[0159] Each outer layer 30, 32 has a length of about 100 mm, taken along the elongation direction D3, a width of about 15 mm, taken along the alignment direction A, and a thickness, taken along the thickness direction Dl, of about 2.5 mm.

[0160] The outer layers 30, 32 were installed horizontally and subjected to a three-point bending test: a load was applied and distributed at a point on an upper surface of the outer layers 30, 32, between two support points on the lower surface of the outer layers 30, 32.

[0161] The applied loads and vertical displacements (deflection) at the center of the outer layers 30, 32 were measured and are reported in the table below.

[0162] The flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity of the outer layers 30, 32 were further calculated.

[0163] [Tab 5] Maximum load (N) Maximum deflection (mm) Flexural strength (MPa) Flexural modulus (GPa) Panel ns1 251 28.73 336.78 17.60 Panel n'2 287 30.00 350.00 17.37 Panel n'3 278 30.88 338.25 16.55 Panel n M 262 30.00 332.22 16.85 Panel n'5 268 26.88 333.56 16.83 Panel n'6 247 29.35 330.10 17.37 Panel ns7 253 26.45 343.54 17.85 Panel n'8 273 27.99 337.39 16.22 Panel #8 253 25 J1 338.43 17.30 Panel #10 248 30.80 337.91 17.10 Average 26Û 28.45 337.82 17.15

[0164] This second series of bending tests therefore demonstrates a high stiffness and a high resistance to bending deformation in the direction of the glass fibers.

[0165] The assemblies also exhibit high flexural moduli of elasticity and can therefore be described as rigid.

[0166] Such properties contribute to solidifying the assembly so as to secure and stabilize constructions using such assemblies.

[0167] A third series of shear bending tests was carried out on ten outer layers 30, 32 of composite panels 15, 150, 200.

[0168] The outer layers 30, 32 of the composite panels 15, 150, 200 are formed from glass fibers embedded in a plastic matrix. The following tests were carried out in a direction perpendicular to the glass fibers.

[0169] Each outer layer 30, 32 has a length of about 100 mm, taken along the elongation direction D3, a width of about 15 mm, taken along the alignment direction A, and a thickness, taken along the thickness direction Dl, of about 2.5 mm.

[0170] The outer layers 30, 32 were installed horizontally and subjected to a three-point bending test: a load was applied and distributed at a point on an upper surface of the outer layers 30, 32, between two support points on the lower surface of the outer layers 30, 32.

[0171] The applied loads and vertical displacements (deflection) at the center of the outer layers 30, 32 were measured and are reported in the table below.

[0172] The flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity of the outer layers 30, 32 were further calculated.

[0173] [Tab 6] Maximum Load Resistance to Maximum Flexural Modulus (mm) Maximum Flexural Modulus (MPa) (GPa) (N) 1 6232 Panel n*i 342.sa 448.15 20.26 Panel L2 387.99 30.00 461.60 19.61 Panelff3 349.02 | 28.73 449.08 20.24 Panel #4 330.71 | 17.59 433.36 19.78 Panel 335.60 | 19.89 466.37 21.34 Panel 338.20 18.42 443.04 20.11 Panel #7 322.43 | 19.31 446.07 21.11 Panel #8 324.13 | 19.04 443.08 21.00 Panel #9 311.12 | 16.50 421.83 20.52 Panel #10 363.44 | 26 | 454.42 20.14 Average 340.57 | 21.74 7 446.70 20.41

[0174] This third series of bending tests therefore demonstrates a high stiffness and a high resistance to bending deformation in a direction perpendicular to the glass fibers.

[0175] The assemblies also exhibit high flexural moduli of elasticity and can therefore be described as rigid.

[0176] Such properties contribute to solidifying the assembly so as to secure and stabilize constructions using such assemblies.

[0177] It is also noteworthy that the average values ​​of flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity are higher in the case of flexural tests carried out perpendicular to the glass fibers, compared to flexural tests carried out parallel to the glass fibers.

[0178] As mentioned previously, the invention also relates to a method of constructing an assembly 10, 100, 200 as described above.

[0179] Such a construction process is part of a method of manufacturing a construction comprising a floor, a vertical wall and a ceiling.

[0180] The manufacturing method includes the process for constructing the floor, the vertical wall and the ceiling.

[0181] Each method initially comprises the supply of at least two composite panels 15, 150, 200 corresponding to the same embodiment chosen from the first mode 10, second 100 or third mode 200, with the aim of constructing respectively the floor, the vertical wall or the ceiling.

[0182] An operator aligns the composite panels 15, 150, 200 according to the alignment direction A.

[0183] Since panels 15, 150, 200 are lightweight, the movement and correct positioning of panels 15 is facilitated for the operator.

[0184] In addition, since the panels 15, 150, 200 are assembled directly on site, the carbon footprint related to the transport of the assembly 10, 100, 200 is reduced.

[0185] Optionally, the operator inserts the additional sealing foam 55 between each composite panel 15, 150, 200. The operator then attaches the support element 40 of one of the composite panels 15, 150, 200 to one of the support elements 40 of the adjacent composite panel 15 along the alignment direction A.

[0186] For example, the operator screws the support element 40 of one of the composite panels 15, 150, 200 to one of the support elements 40 of the adjacent composite panel 15, 150, 200 along the alignment direction A, using the cross screws 45.

[0187] Optionally, the operator screws the reinforcement element 75 of the rib 70 of one of the composite panels 150 to the reinforcement element 75 of the rib 70 of the adjacent composite panel 150 in the alignment direction A, using the cross screws 80.

[0188] The steps for fixing the support elements 40 and possibly the reinforcement elements 75 are simple to carry out and allow the assembly 10, 100, 200 to be formed quickly, without technical skills required and without construction machinery.

[0189] Thus, the construction of such an assembly 10, 100, 200 offers employment opportunities for workers in need, and meets the needs for the development of emergency housing, for example in areas in geopolitical or environmental crises (floods, tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes, etc.).

[0190] In addition, the materials used for the production of the composite panels 15, 150, 200 are widely available and inexpensive materials, which helps to minimize the manufacturing cost of the composite panels 15, 150, 200.

[0191] Thus, the assembly 10, 100, 200 can for example be carried out quickly in an emergency situation, and at lower costs.

Claims

Demands

1. Construction assembly (10; 100; 200) comprising at least one composite panel (15, 150, 200), each composite panel (15, 150, 200) comprising at least one main portion (20) extending along an alignment direction (A) between two ends (24, 26) of the panel (15, 150, 200); the main portion (20) having a sandwich structure comprising two outer layers (30, 32) and an insulating layer (35) disposed between the two outer layers (30, 32) along a stacking direction (Dl) perpendicular to the alignment direction (A), each outer layer (30, 32) being made at least of reinforced polymer, the insulating layer (35) being made at least of plastic foam; the main portion (20) comprising, at each end (24, 26), a support element (40), each support element (40) being fixed to another element of the assembly (10; 20; 200) neighbouring along the alignment direction (A).

2. Construction assembly (10; 100; 200) according to claim 1, comprising at least two composite panels successively adjacent along the alignment direction (A), each support element (40) being fixed to one of the support elements (40) of the adjacent composite panel (15) along the alignment direction (A).

3. Construction assembly (10; 100; 200) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each support element (40) is made at least of wood.

4. Construction assembly (10; 200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the assembly (10; 200) is intended to form a ceiling or floor of a residential building, and for each support element (40), the ratio of the thickness (E1) of the support element (40), taken along the stacking direction (D1), to the thickness (E2) of the main portion (20) comprising said support element (40), taken along the stacking direction (D1), is between 1.0 and 2.

0.

5. A building assembly (10; 200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the assembly (10; 200) is intended to form a ceiling or floor of a residential building, and each support element (40) projects from the main portion (20) perpendicular to the alignment direction (A), the projecting part (50) of each support element (40) forming with the main portion (20) an angle substantially equal to 90°, in a plane containing the stacking direction (Dl) of the main portion (20), and the alignment direction (A).

6. Construction assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the assembly (100) is intended to form a vertical wall of a residential building, and for each support element (40), the ratio of the thickness (El) of the support element (40), taken along the stacking direction (Dl), to the thickness (E2) of the insulating layer (35) of the main portion (20) comprising said support element (40), taken along the stacking direction (Dl), is substantially equal to 1.

7. Construction assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or 6, wherein the assembly (100) is intended to form a vertical wall of a residential building, and each panel (150) comprises, at each support element (40), a rib (70) extending perpendicularly to the alignment direction (A) from the associated end (24, 26), the rib (70) having said sandwich structure in a stacking direction (D2) parallel to the alignment direction (A), at least one of the outer layers (30, 32) of the rib (70) extending to cover the associated support element (40).

8. Construction assembly (100) according to claim 7, wherein the rib (70) includes a reinforcing element (75), away from the support element (40) of the end (24, 26) of the main portion (20) associated with the rib (70), in a direction perpendicular to the alignment direction (A), the width (L3) of the reinforcing element (75), taken along the alignment direction (A), being substantially equal to the width (L1) of the associated support element (40), taken along the alignment direction (A).

9. Construction assembly (10, 100, 200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein for each main portion (20), the outer layer (30, 32) is made of glass fiber reinforced polymer, the polymer being selected from a polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin or an epoxy resin. 20

10. Method of constructing an assembly (10, 100, 200) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising supplying at least one composite panel (15, 150, 200), and attaching each support element (40) to the other element of the adjacent assembly along the alignment direction (A).

Images