Oral formulation of biologically active material having biotin moiety and fatty acid moiety coupled thereto

Abstract

The present invention relates to an oral pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) a biologically active material conjugate in which a biological active material is conjugated with a biotin moiety, a

Description

5

[001] The present invention relates to an oral formulation comprising (i) a physiologically active substance bound to a biotin moiety and to a fatty acid moiety, and (ii) an excipient. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 10

[002] In order for a drug to act effectively, high bioavailability must be ensured. Bioavailability refers to the degree of a drug used at a target site after drug administration, and the degree is different depending on the administration method, target environment, and the like. A drug may be lost or degraded in the course of delivery from the site of administration to the target, depending on the mode of administration. 15

[003] Typically, drug delivery of therapeutic agents including proteins and polypeptides, is divided into parenteral administration and oral administration. Parenteral administration methods include intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, and sublingual administration, where oral administration method means ingestion of the drug orally. Most therapeutic agents, such as proteins and polypeptides, are administered by a parenteral method due 20 to considerations of bioavailability, target environment and delivery process, and it is known that parenteral administration method exhibits a direct and rapid effect. However, parenteral administration may cause pain or discomfort to the patient, and side effects such as infection by injection and air embolism may appear depending on the route. On the other hand, in the case of the oral administration method, there is an advantage in that it is convenient and the effect can be 25 continuously displayed by the method of direct administration by mouth. Accordingly, many pharmaceutical companies have attempted to administer therapeutic agents by oral administration, 04 08 25 but there is a problem in that [a drug administered by] oral administration passes through the digestive tract, so resistance to an acidic environment and enzymatic degradation is required. In particular, it is known that proteins and peptides have a low bioavailability of about 0.1% when administered orally. 5

[004] In order to solve the problems of oral administration, attempts have been made to prepare separate [oral] formulations using surfactants and absorption enhancers together, or to increase the delivery of the drug by micronizing drug particles and adjusting the number of administrations. Such oral insulin and oral GLP-1 analogs are being developed by large pharmaceutical companies, and in addition, various research and development activities for oral 10 administration of interferon alpha and the like are in progress. However, peptides and protein drugs are substances that are difficult to administer orally, and various attempts have been made to solve this problem, but it has not been clearly resolved so far. In particular, peptides and protein drugs have a problem in that the oral absorption rate is not high when administered orally, and this results in the problem of low pharmaceutical effect if not properly formulated. 15 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[005] The object of the present invention is to provide an oral pharmaceutical which has an outstanding oral absorption rate.

[006] To achieve the object stated above, the present invention provides an oral 20 pharmaceutical formulation comprising (i) a physiologically active substance bound to a biotin moiety and to a fatty acid moiety, and (ii) an excipient, as defined in claim 1.

[007] The excipient includes a bile acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[008] Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the bile acid is at least one selected from the group comprising glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, 25 taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. 04 08 25

[009] Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the excipient may further comprise at least one selected from the group comprising alpha-tocopherol, malic acid, fumaric acid, ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxy toluene, sodium phosphate, calcium phosphate, potassium phosphate, galactose, glucose, maltose, gallic acid, propyl gallate, 5 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION

[010] The present invention, by comprising a physiologically active substance bound to a biotin moiety and a fatty acid moiety, and an excipient, provides the benefit of substantially 10 increased absorption rates in the body. Specifically, the present invention, by comprising an excipient to improve enzyme stability, provides the benefit of substantially increased absorption rates in the body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 15

[011] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the accumulation, in Caco- 2 cells, of hGH and oral formulations comprising conjugates 68 and 69.

[012] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the blood glucose regulating ability of insulin and an oral formulation comprising conjugate 65.

[013] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the blood glucose regulating 20 ability of insulin and oral formulations comprising conjugates 65 and 66.

[014] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the weight loss and feed intake reduction effects of amylin and oral formulations comprising conjugates 33, 36, 39, 42, 61, 62, 63 or 64.

[015] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the blood glucose regulating 25 ability of an oral formulation comprising conjugate 52 according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION 04 08 25

[016] Hereinafter, embodiments and examples of the present invention will be described in detail so that those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs can readily carry out 5 the present invention.

[017] However, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments and examples described herein. Throughout the specification of the present invention, when a part "includes" a certain component, it means that other components may be further included, rather than excluding other components, unless otherwise stated. 10

[018] The terms "about", "substantially", etc., to the extent used throughout the specification of the present invention, are used to refer to values equal to or close to the numerical values inherent to the manufacturing and material tolerances stated, and are used to aid in understanding the present invention or prevent an unconscionable infringer from unfair use of the disclosure. The term “step of-(doing) ” or “step of’ as used throughout the specification of the 15 present invention does not mean “step for

[019] Throughout the specification of the present invention, the term “combination thereof’ included in Markush type expressions refers to a mixture or combination of at least one selected from a group comprising the component elements stated in the Markush type expression, and means that at least one selected from a group comprising the components elements is included. 20 Throughout the specification of the present invention, the statement “and / or B” means “and B, or AorB.”

[020] Typically, peptide and protein drugs correspond to Class 3 of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), being highly water soluble and having restrictions on absorption sites in the gastrointestinal tract. Peptide and protein drugs have high 25 hydrophilicity and large molecular weight, can be degraded by gastric acid of low pH, and have low intestinal absorption rate due to attack by enzymes such as trypsin. Typically, the oral 04 08 25 bioavailability (BA) of peptide and protein drugs is about 0.1%, making it difficult to use them as pharmaceutical formulations. In order to address this problem, a technique of passing through the stomach using an enteric capsule is used, but this method is limited in that the absorption rate of peptides and proteins cannot be fundamentally improved. 5

[021] In contrast, the physiologically active substance conjugate according to the present invention is able to promote absorption in the intestines by increasing intestinal membrane permeation.

[022] Further, the physiologically active substance conjugate according to the present invention is able to exhibit outstanding pharmacokinetic effects. 10

[023] Further, the physiologically active substance conjugate according to the present invention is able to protect against degradation of a physiologically active substance such as a peptide by enzymes, and is able to ultimately promote the permeation of the intestinal membrane by a physiologically active substance and its absorption in the intestine.

[024] Further, the physiologically active substance conjugate according to the present 15 invention, by being bonded to biotin, which is a type of water soluble vitamin, can be absorbed by active transport through a sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter.

[025] Further, the biotin moiety and fatty acid moiety may be bonded to an active site or an inactive site of the physiologically active substance, and thus does not inhibit the activity of the physiologically active substance. 20

[026] Further, more specifically, by preparing an oral formulation by mixing the physiologically active substance conjugate with an excipient, the absorption rate of a peptide or protein can be further improved.

[027] In the present invention, "unsubstituted or substituted" refers to unsubstituted or substituted. "Substituted" refers to having one or more substituents, and a substituent refers to a 25 chemical moiety that is covalently bonded or fused to any atom of a main group such as alkylene or heteroalkylene. 04 08 25

[028] In the present invention, "halo" refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and the like.

[029] In the present invention, "alkyl" refers to a monovalent moiety obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from a carbon atom of an aliphatic or alicyclic, saturated or unsaturated 5 hydrocarbon compound, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl and the like.

[030] In the present invention, “heteroalkyl” is an alkyl containing one or more heteroatoms, and the heteroatom is a heteroatom positioned at any one carbon atom of the alkyl to replace C, CH, CH2 or CH3. 10

[031] In the present invention, "alkylene" refers to a divalent moiety obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from a carbon atom of an aliphatic or alicyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon compound.

[032] In the present invention, “heteroalkylene” refers to an alkylene containing one or more hetero atoms. 15

[033] In the present invention, "aryl" refers to a monovalent moiety obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an aromatic ring atom of an aromatic compound having a ring atom. For example, "Cs-ioaryl" refers to a monovalent moiety obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an aromatic ring atom of an aromatic compound having 5 to 10 ring atoms of carbon. Examples of aryl include groups derived from benzene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenalene, 20 acephenanthrene and aceanthrene.

[034] In the present invention, "heteroaryl" is an aryl containing one or more heteroatoms, for example, pyridine, pyrimidine, benzothiophene, furyl, dioxalanyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, isobenzofuran, indole, isoindole, indolizine, indoline, isoindoline, purine, benzodioxane, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinolizine, benzoxazine, benzodiazine, 25 pyridopyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, phthalazine, naphthyridine, pteridine, perimidine, pyridoindole, oxantrene, phenoxatiin, phenazine, phenoxazine, and the like.

[035] In the present invention, “arylene” refers to a divalent moiety obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an aromatic ring atom of an aromatic compound having a ring atom.

[036] In the present invention, “heteroarylene” refers to arylene containing one or more 5 heteroatoms.

[037] In the present invention, "alkenyl" is an alkyl having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, for example, vinyl (-CH=CH2), 1-propenyl (-CH=CHCH3), isopropenyl, tenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.

[038] In the present invention, "alkynyl" is an alkyl group having one or more carbon-10 carbon triple bonds, and examples thereof include ethynyl and 2-propynyl.

[039] In the present invention, when a part of the general formula is defined as a specific compound, it includes forms in which the compound is combined with other components.

[040] The biotin moiety is represented by General Formula A below. [041 ] [General Formula A] 04 08 25 Where, in General Formula A X is a functional group capable of binding to the physiologically active substance; Y is absent or is a spacer; Z is a binding unit; 20 B is represented by the following Chemical Formula A-l;

[042] [Chemical Formula A-l] 04 08 25 Z is connected to 'WV' of Chemical Formula A-l, T is a terminal group, m is an integer of 1 to 10; 5 n is an integer of 0 or 1 to 10, where, when n=0, X or Y bonds directly with B and with T if present; and, p is an integer of 0 or 1.

[043] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in General Formula A, X is a functional group capable of reacting with a thiol group, a carboxyl group and / or an amine 10 group, for example, maleimide, succinimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, aldehyde, carboxyl group, carboxyl ester, succinimidyl ester, tetrafluorophenyl, -O-tetrafluorophenyl (TFP,2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl), tetrafluorophenyl ester, pentafluorophenyl (PFP), pentafluorophenyl ester, -O-benzotri azole, benzotriazole, sulfotetrafluorophenyl (STP), sulfodichlorophenyl (SDP), nitrophenol, and nitrophenyl carbonate (NPC). 15

[044] In one embodiment of the present invention, the functional group X may retain its structure or may be eliminated or modified when bound to the physiologically active substance.

[045] Y may have a structure having cleavability in the body. Without being limited thereto, for example, Y may be a direct bond, or may include substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, -O-, -C(0)NR-, -C(O)O- or -C(O) -, -NR-, -NOR-, or the like. More specifically, Y may be a direct 20 bond, or the structure of Y may include at least one of a group comprising substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 linear alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 nonlinear alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 linear heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 non 04 08 25 linear heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 arylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 heteroarylene, -O-, -C(O), -C(0)NR-, -C(O)O-, -S-, -NR- or -NOR-, wherein R is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 aryl, or an ethylene glycol repeating unit -(CH2CH2O)n-, where n is an integer of at least 1 but not more than 20. 5

[046] Z is a binding unit capable of bonding with B, and includes an amino acid, polypeptide, alkylene, amine, or polyamidoamine structure.

[047] Non-limiting examples of the amino acid may include lysine, 5-hydroxylysine, 4-oxalicine, 4-thialysine, 4-selenalysine, 4-thiahomolysine, 5,5-dimethyllysine, 5,5-difluorolysine, trans-4-dihydrolysine (trans-4-dehydrolysine), 2,6-diamino-4-hexinoic acid, cis-4-dihydrolysine 10 (cis-4-dehydrolysine), 6-N-methyllysine, diaminopimelic acid, ornithine, 3-methylornithine, a-methylornithine, citrulline, homocitrulline, arginine, aspartate, asparagine, glutamate, glutamine, histidine, ornithine, proline, serine, threonine, and the like.

[048] In the present invention, when n is 0, B and T (if present) are bonded directly with X or Y (spacer). 15

[049] In the present invention, T is a terminal group, and may be hydrogen or NH2, but is not limited hereto.

[050] In the present invention, when p is 0, B may be a terminal.

[051] In the present invention, X-Y may together form a physiologically active substance binding site. 20

[052] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in General Formula A, m may be an integer of 1 to 8, 1 to 5, or 1 to 4.

[053] In one embodiment of the present invention, X may be selected from the group comprising maleimide, succinimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, succinimidyl succinate, succinimidyl glutarate, succinimidyl methyl ester, succinimidyl pentyl ester, Succinimidyl carbonate, p-25 nitrophenyl carbonate, aldehyde, amine, thiol, oxyamine, iodoacetamide, aminooxyl, hydrazide, hydroxy, propionate, pyridyl, alkyl halide, vinyl sulfone, carboxyl, hydrazide, halogen acetamide, 04 08 25 C2-5 alkynyls, Ce-20 aryldisulfides, C5-20 heteroaryldisulfide, isocyanate, thioester, iminoester, and derivatives thereof.

[054] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, X is maleimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, succinimidyl carbonate, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, thiol, aminooxyl, aldehyde 5 or amine.

[055] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, X is maleimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, aldehyde or amine.

[056] In one embodiment of the invention, Y is absent, or is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C1-50 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched Ci-10 50 heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted Ce-so arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted Ce-so heteroarylene, where if substituted, comprises at least one selected from the group comprising =0, -C(O)NH2, -OH, -COOH, -SH, =NH and -NH2.

[057] In one embodiment of the present invention, Y comprises -C(O)-.

[058] In one embodiment of the present invention, Y comprises -C(O)NH-. 15

[059] In one embodiment of the present invention, Y is a substituted linear or branched Ci-50 heteroalkylene, and comprises at least one -C(O)-.

[060] In one embodiment of the present invention, Y is -(C(O))q-(CH2)r-(C(O)NH)s-(CH2)r-(OCH2CH2)t-(C (O))q-, wherein q, r, s, t are independently selected, q and s are 0 or 1, r is an integer of 1 to 20, and t is an integer of 0 to 20. 20

[061] In one embodiment of the present invention, Y is -(CH2)rC(O)NHNH-, where r is an integer of 1 to 20.

[062] In one embodiment of the present invention, Y comprises -C(O)-(OCH2CH2)U-NH- as a repeating unit, where u is an integer of 1 to 20.

[063] In one embodiment of the present invention, Y comprises -C(O)-(OCH2CH2)U-25 NH- as a repeating unit, where u is an integer of 2 to 4.

[064] In one embodiment of the present invention, Y comprises an amino acid as a 04 08 25 component.

[065] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Y comprises glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, or lysine as a component, where each amino acid may exist in bonded form. 5

[066] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Y comprises glutamic acid or lysine as a component.

[067] In an embodiment of the present invention, Y comprises a fatty acid as a component.

[068] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Y comprises a C12-24 fatty acid, 10 and the fatty acid exists in a bonded form.

[069] In one embodiment of the present invention, Y is a direct bond.

[070] In one embodiment of the present invention, Z is any one of the following, each of which may be independently selected. A) forms an amino acid or a derivative thereof together with X or separately from X; 15 B) is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C1-50 heteroalkylene; where, if substituted, comprises at least one selected from the group comprising =0, -C(O)NH2, -OH, -COOH, -SH, =NH, and -NH2.

[071] In one embodiment of the present invention, Z is linked to B through -NH-.

[072] In one embodiment of the present invention, Z is a hydrophilic amino acid or a 20 derivative thereof.

[073] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Z may be selected from the group comprising lysine, arginine, histidine, glutamine, asparagine, threonine, cysteine, serine and derivatives thereof.

[074] In one embodiment of the present invention, Z comprises at least one glycerol, at 25 least one polyethylene glycol, or a combination thereof.

[075] It comprises represents a binding site; and at least one binds to at least one of the binding sites, where u is an integer of 1 to 20.

[076] In one embodiment of the present invention, Z comprises 04 08 25 , and -(CH2)3NH- is further bonded to

[077] In one embodiment of the present invention, T may be selected from the group comprising amine, Ci-s alkyl, Ci-s alkenyl, halo, hydroxy, thiol, sulfonic acid, carboxyl, phenyl, benzyl, aldehyde, azide, cyanate, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, nitrile and phosphonic acid. 10

[078] In one specific aspect of the invention, T is an amine.

[079] In one embodiment of the present invention, the biotin moiety is selected from the group comprising: h\--4 04 08 25 04 08 25 04 08 25 04 08 25 04 08 25 04 08 2 04 08 25 04 08 25 04 08 25 04 08 25 04 08 25 04 08 25 Y At H v I H^K 0 \: I 0 V s HH JfJH I 0 s^ Ws 1 H 1 H $ x A J^H W W oK^v 3 ^^~~k Qssssf ----1 HK ^esssO 0 3 A \ Hw N» ^H-v Oiss^^V-^. V~~ / ^ssssO $ W 0 J jC^>w Y 0 and

[080] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fatty acid moiety may be represented by General Formula B below: [General Formula B] 5 X'-Y'-W 04 08 25 Where, in the above formula, X' is a functional group capable of binding to the physiologically active substance; Y' is a spacer; and W is a fatty acid. 10

[081] In the present specification, the fatty acid includes, carboxylic acid having a long saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain, including, for example, but not limited to, caprylic acid, lauric acid, which is a type of saturated fatty acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Arachidic acid, Cerotic acid, Myristoleic acid, which is a kind of unsaturated fatty acid, Palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and the like. 15

[082] X' is the same as X in the General Formula A. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention, the functional group X' may retain its structure or may be eliminated or modified when bound to a physiologically active substance.

[083] In General Formula B, W is a fatty acid. Here, the fatty acid includes all types of fatty acids, including simple, modified, added, deleted and the like. 20

[084] In one aspect of the present invention, Y' is the same as Y in the General Formula A above. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention, the spacer Y' may be a direct 04 08 25 bond, or may include at least one of the group comprising substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 linear alkylene in the structure of Y, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 non-linear alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 linear heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 nonlinear heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 arylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 5 heteroarylene, -O-, -C(O), -C(0)NR-, -C(O)O-, -S-, -NR- or -NOR-, wherein R is hydrogen, or unsubstituted C1-50 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 aryl, or an ethylene glycol repeating unit -(CH2CH2O)n-, where n is an integer of at least 1 but not more than 20.

[085] In one embodiment of the present invention, W is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C1-60 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C1-60 alkenylene, 10 substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C1-60 heteroalkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C1-60 heteroalkenylene, and if substituted, may be substituted by at least one selected from the group comprising =0, -C(0)NH2, -OH, -C00H, -SH, =NH, -NH2, and halo.

[086] In one aspect of the present invention, W is one or more substituted C12-24 alkylene or one or more substituted C36-48 heteroalkylene, and when substituted, may include =0 or -COOH. 15

[087] In one embodiment of the present invention, W is a C12-24 alkylene wherein at least one is substituted or a C36-48 heteroalkylene wherein at least one is substituted, and if substituted, may comprise =0 or -COOH.

[088] In one aspect of the present invention, W in which one or more is substituted is a substituted or unsubstituted C12-24 saturated fatty acid, and when substituted, includes -COOH. 20

[089] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fatty acid moiety may have the chemical formula of General Formula Bl below: [General Formula Bl] X'i-Y'-C(O)-Fi Where, in the above formula, 25 X'i is maleimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, aldehyde, amine, tetrafluorophenyl ester or nitrophenol; 04 08 25 Y' is a spacer; and Fi is a Ce-28 substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched heteroalkylene.

[090] The functional group Xi may retain its structure or may be eliminated or modified 5 when bound to a physiologically active substance.

[091] Further, in General Formula B1, Y' may be the same as Y in General Formulae A and B.

[092] In one embodiment of the present invention, Y' is a substituted or unsubstituted Ce-5o linear or branched heteroalkylene, and if substituted, comprises at least one selected from the 10 group comprising =0, -C(O)NH2, -OH, -COOH, -SH, =NH and -NH2.

[093] In one embodiment of the present invention, Y' may comprise -(CH2CH2O)- as a repeating unit.

[094] In one embodiment of the present invention, Y' comprises -C(O)-(OCH2CH2)U-NH- as a repeating unit, where u is an integer of 1 to 20. 15

[095] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, Y' comprises -C(O)- (OCH2CH2)u-NH- as a repeating unit, where u is an integer of 2 to 4.

[096] In one embodiment of the present invention, Y' comprises an amino acid or a derivative thereof as a component.

[097] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Y' comprises glutamic acid, 20 glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, or lysine as a component, where each amino acid may exist in bonded form.

[098] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Y' comprises glutamic acid or lysine as a component.

[099] In one embodiment of the present invention, Fi may be a substituted or 25 unsubstituted Cio-28 linear or branched alkylene.

[100] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the W wherein at least one is substituted is a substituted or unsubstituted C12-24 saturated fatty acid, and if substituted, comprises -COOH.

[101] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Fi is -(CH2)V-COOH, where v is an integer of 10 to 20. 5

[102] In a specific aspect of the present invention, Fi is -C(O)-(CH2)V-COOH, and v is an integer from 10 to 20.

[103] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the fatty acid moiety may be selected from the group comprising: 04 08 25 10 04 08 25 04 08 25 04 08 25 04 08 25

[104] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the bond between biotin moiety and the physiologically active substance may be formed by various bonds. It may be formed 5 by bonding a functional group of a biotin moiety with a functional group of a physiologically active material, and may be formed as, for example, but is not limited to, a thiol-ether bond or an amide bond.

[105] In one example, the bond between the biotin moiety and the physiologically active substance may be formed by the method of Reaction Formula 1 below. In Reaction Formula 1 (pV-SH 10 represents a physiologically active substance comprising a thiol group, and represents a reaction between a biotin moiety comprising maleimide according to an embodiment of the present invention and a thiol group (-SH) of a cysteine residue present in the physiologically active substance. 04 08 25 [Reaction Formula 1]

[106] In one specific example, the bond between the biotin moiety and the physiologically active substance may be formed by the method of Reaction Formula 2 below. In (7)-NH2 5 Reaction Formula 2, xrepresents a physiologically active substance comprising an amine group, and represents a reaction between a biotin moiety comprising N-hydroxy succinimide according to an embodiment of the present invention and an amine group (- NH2) present in the physiologically active substance. 10 [Reaction Formula 2]

[107] In the present invention, a physiologically active substance refers to a substance which may be administered to the body for a specific purpose, and which causes a physiological or biochemical reaction in the body.

[108] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the physiologically active 15 substance may be a substance used in a pharmaceutical formulation. For example, it may be a substance used for the prevention or treatment of diabetes, obesity, fatty liver disease, irritable bowel syndrome, neurodegenerative disease, bone disease, osteoporosis, human growth hormone deficiency, anticancer or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These are non-limiting examples, as the indications may vary depending on the type of the physiologically active substance. 04 08 25

[109] The physiologically active substance comprises a polypeptide or a protein. Nonlimiting examples of the physiologically active substance include glucagon (Glugacon), GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1), GLP-2 (Glucagon-like peptide-2), GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), exendin-4, insulin, parathyroid hormone, interferon, erythropoietin, 5 calcitonin, amylin, serotonin, rituximab, trastuzumab, uricase, tissue plasminogen activator, thymoglobin, vaccine, heparin or heparin analog, antithrombin III, filgrastim, pramlintide acetate, exenatide, eptifibatide, antivenin, IgG, IgM, HGH, thyroxine, and blood clotting factors VII and VIII.

[110] By bonding a biotin moiety to the physiologically active substance, it is possible 10 to not inhibit the biological activity of the physiologically active substance, and thereby it is possible to have the same biological activity as the physiologically active substance or an improved biological activity. [Ill] Although not limited hereto, the physiologically active substance may comprise an exposed -SH group, so that a biotin moiety may be bonded to the -SH group. In addition, the 15 physiologically active substance may comprise an exposed -NH3+ group or a -NH2 group, so that a biotin moiety may be bonded to the exposed -NH3+ group or -NH2 group.

[112] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the binding site of the biotin moiety with the physiologically active substance may be adjusted so as to bond while avoiding sites which exhibit activity. 20 [H3] Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the fatty acid moiety may be bonded directly to the physiologically active substance. Further, part of the fatty acid moiety may be shared with the biotin moiety. For example, in one aspect of the following embodiments, biotin moieties B35 and B36 share the fatty acid portion which is part of a fatty acid moiety. However, this corresponds to one example and is not limited thereto. 25 [H4] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fatty acid moiety may be bonded directly to the physiologically active substance, with the terminal of the fatty acid moiety 04 08 25 not bonded to the physiologically active substance bonded to the biotin moiety.

[115] Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the fatty acid moiety may be bonded to the physiologically active substance, at a site of the physiologically active substance other than the site at which the biotin moiety is bonded. 5 [H6] In addition, the fatty acid moiety may also bind to the active site or the inactive site of the biotin moiety, and may exhibit the same properties as the above properties.

[117] A physiologically active substance conjugate to which both a biotin moiety and fatty acid moiety are bonded, when compared to a conjugate to which only a biotin moiety or only a fatty acid moiety is bonded, may exhibit superior oral absorption rate, pharmacokinetics, enzyme 10 degradation inhibition, intestinal membrane permeation, and the like.

[118] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the physiologically active substance may be glucagon, calcitonin, GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP, exendin-4, parathyroid hormone, insulin, amylin, human growth hormone or a derivative thereof.

[119] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the physiologically active 15 substance may be a polypeptide having any one of the following amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs 1 to 7 or derivatives thereof. Specifically, the physiologically active substances of SEQ ID Nos: 1 to 7 are, respectively glucagon derivatives (SEQ ID NO: 1), GLP-1 (SEQ ID NO: 2), GLP-2 (SEQ ID NO: 3), GIP (SEQ ID NO: 4), exendin-4 (SEQ ID NO: 5), parathyroid hormone (SEQ ID NO: 6), and glucagon (SEQ ID NO: 7). 20 SEQ ID NO: 1: H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYLDEQAAKEFVQWLMNT SEQ ID NO: 2: HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR SEQ ID NO: 3: HADGSFSDEMNTILDNLAARDFINWLIQTKITD SEQ ID NO: 4: YAEGTFISDYSIAMDKIHQQDFVNWLLAQKGKKNDWKHNITQ SEQ ID NO: 5: HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS 25 SEQ ID NO: 6: SVSEIQLMHNLGKHLNSMERVEWLRKKLQDVHNF SEQ ID NO: 7: HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT 04 08 25

[120] In addition, the physiologically active substance may be proteins having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 16 or proteins having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 16, wherein the proteins are joined through disulfide bonds between the 6th and 11th cysteine of SEQ ID NOs: 15 or 17; the 7th cysteine of SEQ ID NOs: 15 or 17 and the 7th cysteine of SEQ ID NO 16; and the 20th cysteine of SEQ ID NOs: 15 or 17 and the 19th cysteine of SEQ ID NO 16. Specifically, the proteins having the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 16 or physiologically active substance having the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 16 represent insulin (SEQ ID NO 15 (Insulin A chain derivative) and 16 (Insulin B chain) / SEQ ID NO 17 (Insulin A chain) and 16 (Insulin B chain)) SEQ ID NO: 15 GIVEQCCTSICSLEQLENYCN SEQ ID NO: 16: FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKT SEQ ID NO: 17: GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN

[121] According to one embodiment of the present invention, cysteine may be substituted or inserted into the polypeptide to adjust the site of binding with the biotin moiety.

[122] In a non-limiting example, any at least one of the amino acids of a polypeptide selected from the group comprising the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 through 7 may be substituted or inserted with a cysteine amino acid. At this time, the biotin moiety bonds to the -SH group of the cysteine amino acid.

[123] Further, any at least one of the amino acids of a polypeptide selected from the group comprising the above amino acid sequences may be substituted or inserted with a lysine amino acid. At this time, the biotin moiety is bound to the -NH2 group of the lysine amino acid.

[124] Further, the polypeptide into which the cysteine amino acid is inserted may be a polypeptide having any one of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 8 through 14 below. Specifically, the physiologically active substances of SEQ ID NOs: 8 through 14 below refer to the physiologically active substances of SEQ ID NOs: 1 through 7, wherein a cysteine amino acid has been substituted or inserted (for example, in the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 8, 04 08 25 at least any one of the amino acids of the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 1 has been substituted with cysteine) SEQ ID NO: 8: H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYLDEQAAKEFVQWLMNTC SEQ ID NO: 9: HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGRC 5 SEQ ID NO: 10: HADGSFSDEMNTILDNLAARDFINWLIQTKITDC SEQ ID NO: 11: YAEGTFISDYSIAMDKIHQQDFVNWLLAQKGKKNDWKHNITQC SEQ ID NO: 12: HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPSC SEQ ID NO: 13: SVSEIQLMHNLGKHLNSMERVEWLRKKLQDVHNFC SEQ ID NO: 14: HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTC 10

[125] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a portion of the polypeptide may be substituted to adjust the site of binding with the biotin moiety.

[126] Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the amino acid lysine may be substituted or inserted into the polypeptide to adjust the site of binding with the biotin moiety. 15

[127] In a non-limiting example, any at least one of the amino acids of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 5 may be substituted or inserted with the amino acid lysine.

[128] In another non-limiting example, any at least one of the amino acids of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 5 may be substituted with 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), with the insertion of a lysine amino acid. At this time, the biotin moiety is bound to the -NH2 group 20 of the lysine amino acid.

[129] Further, the polypeptide wherein a portion has been substituted, or wherein a lysine amino acid has been substituted or inserted may be a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 18 through 21 below. Specifically, the physiologically active substances of SEQ ID NOs: 18 through 21 below refer to exendin-4 derivatives, wherein a portion 25 of the amino acids of the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 5 has been substituted or inserted. 04 08 25 SEQ ID NO: 18: HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPSK SEQ ID NO: 19: HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPSKKK SEQ ID NO: 20: H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPSK SEQ ID NO: 21: H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPSKKK 5

[130] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a cysteine may be substituted or inserted into the polypeptide to adjust the site of binding with the biotin moiety.

[131] In a non-limited example, any at least one of the amino acids of a polypeptide selected from the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 through 7 may be substituted or inserted with a cysteine amino acid. Here, the biotin moiety bonds to the -SH group of the cysteine amino 10 acid.

[132] Further, any at least one of the amino acids of a polypeptide selected from the group comprising the above amino acid sequences may be substituted or inserted with a lysine amino acid. At this time, the biotin moiety is bound to the -NH2 group of the lysine amino acid.

[133] Further, the polypeptide into which the cysteine amino acid is inserted may be a 15 polypeptide having any one of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 8 through 14 below. Specifically, the physiologically active substances of SEQ ID NOs: 8 through 14 below refer to the physiologically active substances of SEQ ID NOs: 1 through 7, wherein a cysteine amino acid has been substituted or inserted (for example, in the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 8, at least any one of the amino acids of the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 1 has 20 been substituted with cysteine) SEQ ID NO: 8: H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYLDEQAAKEFVQWLMNTC SEQ ID NO: 9: HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGRC SEQ ID NO: 10: HADGSFSDEMNTILDNLAARDFINWLIQTKITDC SEQ ID NO: 11: YAEGTFISDYSIAMDKIHQQDFVNWLLAQKGKKNDWKHNITQC 25 SEQ ID NO: 12: HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPSC SEQ ID NO: 13: SVSEIQLMHNLGKHLNSMERVEWLRKKLQDVHNFC 04 08 25 SEQ ID NO: 14: HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTC

[134] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a portion of the polypeptide may be substituted to adjust the site of binding with the biotin moiety.

[135] Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the amino acid 5 lysine may be substituted or inserted into the polypeptide to adjust the site of binding with the biotin moiety.

[136] In a non-limiting example, any at least one of the amino acids of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 5 may be substituted or inserted with the amino acid lysine.

[137] In another non-limiting example, any at least one of the amino acids of the amino 10 acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 5 may be substituted with 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), with the insertion of a lysine amino acid. Here, the biotin moiety bonds to the -NH2 group of the lysine amino acid.

[138] Further, the polypeptide wherein a portion has been substituted, or wherein a lysine amino acid has been substituted or inserted may be a polypeptide having the amino acid 15 sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 18 through 21 below. Specifically, the physiologically active substances of SEQ ID NOs: 18 through 21 below refer to exendin-4 derivatives, wherein a portion of the amino acids of the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 5 has been substituted or inserted. SEQ ID NO: 18: HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPSK 20 SEQ ID NO: 19: HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPSKKK SEQ ID NO: 20: H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPSK SEQ ID NO: 21: H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPSKKK

[139] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the physiologically active substance may be a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 22 below, or a 25 derivative thereof. The physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 22 below refers to amylin. SEQ ID NO: 22: KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGAILSSTNVGSNTY 04 08 25

[140] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a portion of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 22 may be substituted or inserted to adjust the site of binding with the biotin moiety.

[141] In a non-limiting example, any at least one of the amino acid having the amino 5 acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 22 may be substituted with the amino acid proline, aspartic acid, or arginine. In another non-limiting example, any at least one of the amino acid having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 22 may be substituted with the amino acid lysine.

[142] Further, the polypeptide wherein a portion of the amino acids represented by SEQ 10 ID NO 22 have been substituted or inserted may be a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 23 through 31 below. Specifically, the physiologically active substances of SEQ ID NOs: 23 through 31 below represent amylin derivatives wherein a portion of the amino acids of the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 22 has been substituted or inserted. 15 SEQ ID NO: 23: KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGAILSSTNVGSNTYK SEQ ID NO: 24: KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGPILPPTNVGSNTY SEQ ID NO: 25: KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGPILPPTNVGSNTYK SEQ ID NO: 26: KCNTATCATQRLADFLRHSSPNFGAIPSSTNVGSRTY SEQ ID NO: 27: KCNTATCATQRLADFLRHSSPNFGAIPSSTNVGSRTYK 20 SEQ ID NO: 28: KCNTATCATQRLADFLRHSSNNFGAIPSSTNVGSRTY SEQ ID NO: 29: KCNTATCATQRLADFLRHSSNNFGAIPSSTNVGSRTYK SEQ ID NO: 30: RCNTATCATQRLADFLRHSSNNFGAIPSSTNVGSKTY SEQ ID NO: 31: RCNTATCATQRLADFLRHSSNNFGAIPSSTNVGSKTYK

[143] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the physiologically active 25 substance may be a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 32 below, or a derivative thereof. The physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 32 below represents exendin-4 derivatives. 04 08 25 SEQ ID NO: 32: H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSKYLDERAAQDFVQWLLDGGPSSGAPPPS

[144] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a portion of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 32 may be deleted, substituted or inserted to adjust the site of binding 5 with the biotin moiety.

[145] In a non-limiting example, any at least one of the amino acids of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 32 may be substituted with the amino acid methionine, lysine, isoleucine, tryptophan or glycine. In another non-limiting example, any at least one of the amino acids of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 32 may be deleted. 10

[146] Further, the polypeptide in which a portion of the amino acids represented by SEQ ID NO 32 has been deleted, substituted or inserted may be a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 32 through 37 below. Specifically, the physiologically active substances of SEQ ID NOs: 33 through 37 below wherein a portion of amino acids of the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 32 has been deleted, substituted or inserted 15 represent exendin-4 derivatives. SEQ ID NO: 33: H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSKYLDERAAQDFVQWLMDGGPSSGAPPPS SEQ ID NO: 34: H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSKYLDKIAAQDFVQWLIDGGPSSGAPPPS SEQ ID NO: 35: H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSWYLDKIAAQDFVQWLLGGGPSSGAPPPS SEQ ID NO: 36: H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSWYLDERAAQDFVQWLMGGGPSSGAPPPS 20 SEQ ID NO: 37: H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSKWLDKIAAQDFVQWLIGGGPSSGAPPPS

[147] According to one embodiment of the present invention, any at least one of the amino acids of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 12 may be substituted with 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib).

[148] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a polypeptide wherein any 25 at least one of the amino acids of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 12 has been substituted with 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and any at least one has been substituted with Des- 04 08 25 amino-His(h) may be the polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 38 through 39 below. Specifically, the physiologically active substances of SEQ ID NOs: 38 or 39 below, wherein amino acids of the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 12 have been substituted, represent exendin-4 derivatives. More specifically, the physiologically active 5 substance having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 39 is a physiologically active substance wherein at least one of the amino acids has been substituted with Des-amino-His(h). SEQ ID NO: 38: H(Aib)HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPSC SEQ ID NO: 39: H(Aib)HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPSC

[149] According to one embodiment of the present invention, any at least one of the 10 amino acids of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 8 may be substituted with lysine (Lys) or arginine (Arg).

[150] A polypeptide wherein any at least one of the amino acids of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO 8 has been substituted with lysine or arginine may be the polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 40 through 41 below. Specifically, 15 the physiologically active substances of SEQ ID NOs: 40 or 41 below, wherein amino acids of the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 8 have been substituted, represent glucagon derivatives. SEQ ID NO: 40: H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYLDEQAAKEFVQWLMNTK SEQ ID NO: 41: H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYLDEKRAKEFVQWLMNTC 20

[151] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the physiologically active substance may be the polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 42 or a derivative thereof. Specifically, the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 42 represents a human growth hormone derivative. SEQ ID NO: 42: 25 MFPTIPLSRLFDNAMLRAHRLHQLAFDTYQEFEEAYIPKEQKISFLQNPQTSLCFSESIP TPSNREETQQKSNLELLRISLLLIQSWLEPVQFLRSVFANSLVYGASDSNVYDLLKDLEEG 04 08 25 IQTLMGRLEDGSPRTGQIFKQTYSKFDTNSHNDDALLKNYGLLYCFRKDMDKVETFLRI VQCRSVEGSCGF [ 152] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the physiologically active material to which the biotin moiety and fatty acid moiety are bonded may be covalently bonded 5 with, or form an inclusion body (microsphere) with, any at least one selected from the group comprising peptide and non-peptidic polymer, fatty acid, cholesterol, antibody, antibody fragment, albumin and fragments thereof, nucleotide, fibronectin, transferrin, FcRn binding material, saccharide, elastin, heparin, and derivatives thereof.

[153] The non-peptidic polymer may be selected from the group comprising 10 polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol, copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, polyoxyethylated polyols, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polysaccharides, dextran, polyvinylethyl ether, PLA (polylactic acid, polylactic acid), PLGA (polylactic-glycolic acid), lipid polymer, chitin, hyaluronic acid, and combinations thereof.

[154] In the present invention, “derivative” means that a portion of the chemical 15 structure has been modified by deletion, substitution, addition, or the like.

[155] In the present invention, “pharmaceutically acceptable” means that the substances comprised do not substantially irritate the organism and do not inhibit biological activity and properties.

[156] In the present invention, “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt having 20 desirable biological activity that does not inhibit biological activity and properties in humans or animals, and includes, but is not limited to, inorganic acid salts (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid), organic acids (acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, ascorbic acid, tannic acid, pamoic acid, alginic acid, triethylamine, cyclohexylamine, pyridine), alkali metal salts (sodium salt, potassium salt), alkaline earth metal 25 salts (calcium salts), ammonium salts, addition salts thereof, and the like.

[157] In the present invention, a bile acid is an amphiphilic molecule and can promote 04 08 25 drug permeation through a biological membrane. A bile acid may be absorbed in a form bonded with the physiologically active substance bound to a biotin moiety and a fatty acid moiety of the present invention, thereby minimizing the loss of the physiologically active substance upon oral administration and thereby improving the absorption rate in the body. 5

[158] Further, a bile acid derivative in which a part of a bile acid is substituted, deleted, or added may be appropriately selected in consideration of cell stability, cytotoxicity, absorption rate in the body, and the like.

[159] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the bile acid is at least one selected from the group comprising glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, 10 taurochenodeoxy cholic acid, taurocholic acid, deoxy cholic acid, cholic acid, chenodeoxy cholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid.

[160] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the bile acid is one selected from the group comprising chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid and ursodioxycholic acid. 15

[161] In one embodiment of the present invention, the excipient may further comprise at least one selected from the group comprising alpha-tocopherol, malic acid, fumaric acid, ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxy toluene, sodium phosphate, calcium phosphate, potassium phosphate, galactose, glucose, maltose, gallic acid, propyl gallate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 20

[162] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the excipient may further comprise gallic acid, propyl gallate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[163] In one embodiment of the present invention, the excipient may comprise two or more bile acids or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the excipient may be kenodioxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodioxycholic 25 acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[164] In one embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of (i) the 04 08 25 physiologically active substance bound to the biotin moiety and (ii) the excipient is 1: 0.01 to 1000. If the excipient comprises two or more different excipients, the above excipient weight means the weight of all excipients included.

[165] More specifically, the weight ratio may be 1: 0.01 to 900, 1: 0.015 to 850, 1:0.018 5 to 800, 1: 0.02 to 750, 1: 0.025 to 700, 1: 0.028 to 650, 1:0.03 to 600, 1: 0.035 to 550, 1:0.038 to 500, 1: 0.04 to 500, 1: 0.042 to 500, 1: 0.045 to 500, 1: 0.048 to 500, 1: 0.05 to 500, 1: 0.05 to 450, 1: 0.05 to 400, 1: 0.05 to 350, 1: 0.05 to 300, or 1: 0.05 to 250.

[166] In a more specific embodiment of the present invention, the excipient includes bile acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and propyl gallate or a pharmaceutically 10 acceptable salt thereof.

[167] Specifically, the weight ratio of bile acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to propyl gallate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be 1: 0.01 to 8. More specifically, the weight ratio may be 1: 0.015 to 7.5, 1: 0.018 to 7.5, 1: 0.02 to 7, 1: 0.025 to 7, 1: 0.028 to 6.5, 1: 0.03 to 6.5, 1: 0.035 to 6, 1: 0.038 to 6, 1: 0.04 to 5.5, 1: 0.042 to 5.5, 1: 0.045 to 15 5, 1:0.046 to 5, 1:0.047 to 5, 1:0.048 to 5, 1: 0.049 to 5, or 1: 0.05 to 5.

[168] Specifically, the weight of the bile acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be 1 mg to 1,000 mg. More specifically, the weight may be at least 25 mg, at least 50 mg, at least 100 mg, at least 150 mg, at least 180 mg, at least 200 mg, at least 210 mg, at least 220 mg, at least 230 mg, at least 240 mg, or at least 250 mg. However, the weight of the bile acid or a 20 pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be appropriately adjusted according to the patient’s body weight, administration dose, number of administrations, and the like.

[169] Specifically, the weight of propyl gallate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be Img to 1,000 mg. More specifically, the weight may be at least 25 mg, at least 50 mg, at least 100 mg, at least 150 mg, at least 200 mg, at least 250 mg, at least 300 mg, at least 310 25 mg, at least 320 mg, at least 330 mg, at least 340 mg, or at least 350 mg. However, the weight of propyl gallate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be appropriately adjusted 04 08 25 according to the patient’s body weight, administration dose, number of administrations, and the like.

[170] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the oral pharmaceutical formulation may have an oral absorption rate at least 1.5 times improved over a case wherein an 5 excipient is not used.

[171] Further, by using the above bile acids or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as an excipient in the oral pharmaceutical formulation, the oral absorption rate may be improved by 1.5 times or more.

[172] In a more specific embodiment of the present invention, by using propyl gallate 10 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an excipient in the oral pharmaceutical formulation, the oral absorption rate may be improved by 1.5 times or more. Here, in a case where [the formulation] comprises propyl gallate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the oral absorption rate may be improved by 1.7 times or more when compared to a case wherein only the physiologically active substance is present; the oral absorption rate may be improved by 1.8 times 15 or more when compared to a case wherein [the physiologically active substance] is bound to a biotin moiety and / or a fatty acid moiety; and the oral absorption rate may be improved by 2 times or more when compared to a case wherein [the physiologically active substance] is bound to a biotin moiety and / or a fatty acid moiety and comprises a bile acid as an excipient.

[173] In the present specification, the excipient may further comprise a conventional 20 pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The physiologically active material bound to the biotin moiety of the present invention may be formulated using an excipient, non-limiting examples of which include stabilizer, surfactant, plasticizer, lubricant, solubilizer, buffer, sweetener, base, adsorbent, flavoring agent, binder, suspending agent, antioxidant, brightening agent, coating agent, flavoring agent, flavoring agent, wetting agent, wetting agent, defoaming agent, chewing agent, 25 refreshing agent, colorant, sugar coating agent, isotonic agent, pH adjusting agent, emollient, emulsifier, adhesive, adhesion enhancer, thickening agent, thickening agent, foaming agent, 04 08 25 excipient, dispersing agent, propellant, disintegrating agent, disintegrating aid, fragrance, desiccant, preservative, preservative, softening agent, solvent, solubilizer, solubilizing agent, fluidizing agent, and the like.

[174] In the present invention, the oral pharmaceutical formulation may further 5 comprise include starch, calcium carbonate, sucrose or lactose, gelatin and the like for solid preparations, and suspensions, internal solutions, emulsions, syrups and the like for liquid preparations, and may further comprise a lubricant, a wetting agent, a sweetener, a fragrance, a preservative, and the like. In addition, calcium or Vitamin D3 may be further added to enhance efficacy as a therapeutic agent for proliferative diseases or autoimmune diseases. 10

[175] The object of another embodiment of the present invention is to provide a use of the oral pharmaceutical formulation described in the above. The use of the pharmaceutical formulation may be determined according to the type of physiologically active substance.

[176] Here, the use of the pharmaceutical formulation may be determined according to the type of physiologically active substance. 15

[177] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the formulation may be used for the prevention or treatment of diabetes, obesity, fatty liver disease, irritable bowel syndrome, neurodegenerative disease, bone disease, osteoporosis, human growth hormone deficiency, anticancer or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

[178] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the physiologically 20 active substance is GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP, insulin, amylin or a derivative thereof, the conjugate can be used for the prevention or treatment of diabetes. Specifically, the conjugate comprising the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 12 can be used for preventing or treating diabetes. However, this example is illustrative and the present invention is not limited hereto.

[179] Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, when the 25 physiologically active substance is parathyroid hormone or a derivative thereof, the conjugate can be used for the prevention or treatment of bone diseases. Specifically, the conjugate comprising 04 08 25 the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 6 can be used for the prevention or treatment of bone diseases. However, this example is illustrative and the present invention is not limited hereto.

[180] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the physiologically 5 active substance is hGH or a derivative thereof, the conjugate can be used for preventing or treating human growth hormone deficiency. Specifically, the conjugate comprising the physiologically active substance of SEQ ID NO 42 can be used for preventing or treating human growth hormone deficiency, be used for preventing or treating human growth hormone deficiency. However, this example is illustrative and the present invention is not limited hereto. 10

[181] In the following, the present invention is described in detail by means of embodiments and experimental examples. However, the following embodiments and experimental examples are intended to exemplify the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

[182] [Embodiments] 15

[183] Preparation of biotin moiety> List of abbreviations HBTU: 3-[Bis(dimethylamino)methyliumyl]-3H-benzotriazole-l-oxide hexafluorophosphate (: 3-[Bis(dimethylamino)methyliumyl]-3H-benzotriazol-l-oxide hexafluorophosphate) DIEA: Ethyldiisopropylamine 20 HATU: l-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-lH-l,2,3-triacolo[4,5-b]pyridinium-3oxide hexafluorophosphate (l-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]- lH-l,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate) DIC: Diisopropylcarbodiimide HOBt:: 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole 25 MBHA: 4-Methylbenzhydrylamine hydrochloride Fmoc: 9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl 04 08 25 DMF: dimethylformamide SPPS: Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography LCMS: Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry 5 Common SPPS method

[184] In some cases, solid phase synthesis of a peptide can be improved through use a di-peptide protected from di-peptide amide bonds having groups that can be cleaved under acidic conditions, for example, 2-Fmoc-oxy-4-methoxybenzyl, or 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl. The Fmoc-protected amino acid derivative used was the recommended standard, for example: Fmoc-Ala-OH, 10 Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH, Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH, Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Met-OH, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Pro-OH, Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH, or Fmoc-Val-OH and the like supplied by Anaspec, Bachem, Iris Biotech, or Novabiochem. The N-terminal amino acid was Boc 15 protected at the alpha amino group. For example: Fmoc-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid, Fmoc-tranexamic acid, Fmoc-isonipecotic acid, Fmoc-Glu-OtBu, Fmoc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH supplied by Anaspec, Bachem, Iris Biotech, or Novabiochem was used.

[185] Peptide synthesis using SPPS

[186] Peptides can be synthesized using general Fmoc chemistry in link amide MBHA 20 resins using HBTU / DIEA, HATU / DIEA, or DIC / HOBt as the coupling reagents. The combinations of reactants and coupling reagents used in synthesis include the following. [Table 1] # Reactant Coupling Reagent 1 Fmoc-Lys (Biotin)-OH (1.5 eq) HBTU (1.42 eq) and DIEA(3.0 eq) 2 Fmoc-Lys (Biotin)-OH (2.0 eq) HBTU (1.9 eq) and DIEA(4.0 eq) 3 3-(2,5-di oxo-2,5-dihydro- IH-pyrrol-l-yl)propanoic acid (3.0 eq) DIC (3.0 eq) and HOBt (6.0 eq) 4 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,7,10,13,16,19,22- heptaoxapentacosan-25-oic acid (2.0 eq) HATU (1.9 eq) and DIEA (4.0 eq) 5 F moc-21 -amino-4,7,10,13,16,19- hexaoxaheneicosanoic acid (2.0 eq) HATU (1.9 eq) and DIEA (4.0 eq) 04 08 25

[187] An exemplary protocol for the peptide synthesis process using SPPS comprises the following. 1) Add DMF to a vessel containing link amide MBHA resin and expand for 2 hours (sub: 0.68 mmol / g, 1.0 mmol, 1.47 g or 5 mmol, 7.35 g, sub: 0.68 mmol / g). 2) After adding 20% piperidine / DMF, mix for 30 minutes. 3) After removing the solvent of 1)-2), wash using DMF (30 5 seconds x 5 times). 4) Add the reactant (one of the reactants #1 to #5) and mix for 30 seconds, then add the coupling reagent (one of the coupling reagents #1 to #5) corresponding to the reactant, and carry out nitrogen bubbling for 1 hour. 5) After adding 20% piperidine / DMF, mix for 30 minutes. In the exemplary protocol of 1) to 5) above, iterative synthesis can be performed using combinations of the reactants and coupling reactants #1 to #5 more than once. To remove Fmoc, 10 treatment with 20% piperidine / DMF solution for 30 minutes was used. [ 188] General Procedure for Peptide Purification and Analysis

[189] Unpurified peptide was dissolved in an appropriate mixture of water, TFA and ACN, purified using preparative HPLC, dried and quantified. The conditions for purification using preparative HPLC include those shown in Table 2 below. 15 [Table 2] Purification Conditions Solvent ACN / H2O Equipment SHIMADZU LC-8A, or Gilson GX-281 Mobile Phase A: H2O (0.075% TFA in H2O) 04 08 25 B: CH3CN Gradient 15-35%-60 min. Retention time: 42min, or 20-50%-60 min. Retention time: 45min, or 5-35%-60 min. Retention time: 50min Column Luna25*200mm, C18, lOum, 110A+Geminl50*30mm, C18, 5um, 110A, or Luna50*25mm, C18, lOum, 100A+Gemini(R)250*50mm, C8, 5um, 110 Flow Rate 80mL / Min or 20mL / Min Wavelength 220 / 254 nm Oven Tem. Room Temperature

[190] After purification using preparative HPLC, the final product was characterizec using analytical HPLC or LCMS. As a result of the analysis, the biotin moieties of Table 3 below were obtained. [Table 3] Biotin Moiety Designation Bl N-Biotinoyl-N'-(6-maleiidohexanoyl)hydrazide B2 3-Maleimidopropionate-Lys(Biotin)-Lys(Biotin)-CONH2 B3 3-Maleimidopropionate-Lys(Biotin)-Lys(Biotin)-Lys(Biotin)-CONH2 B4 propionate-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester-PEG-Lys(Biotin)-Lys(Biotin)- Lys(Biotin)-CONH2 B5 3-Maleimidopropionate-PEG-Lys(Biotin)-Lys(Biotin)-Lys(Biotin)-CONH2 5 Bl: B2: 04 08 25 04 08 25 B4: 04 08 25 04 08 25

[191] Further, through the protocol 1)~5) for peptide synthesis using SPPS, purification and analysis, the following biotin moieties were obtained. In Table 4 below, X, Y, Z and B are included in the definition of General Formula A of the present specification. 5 [Table 4] Biotin Moiety X Y Z Number of B (Biotin) B6 Aldehyde propane Lysine 2 B7 Maleimide butyrate Glycerol and PEG 2 B8 Maleimide butyrate Glycerol and PEG 2 B9 N-hydroxysuccinimide butyrate Lysine 2 BIO N-hydroxysuccinimide glutarate Glycerol and PEG 2 Bll Maleimide PEG12 Lysine 3 04 08 25 B12 N-hydroxysuccinimide PEG12 Lysine 3 B13 amine - Lysine 3 B14 Aldehyde pentane Lysine 2 B15 Maleimide adipate Glycerol and PEG 2 B16 Maleimide sub erate Glycerol and PEG 2 B17 Maleimide sebacate Glycerol and PEG 2 B18 N-hydroxysuccinimide adipate Glycerol and PEG 2 B19 N-hydroxysuccinimide sub erate Lysine 4 B20 N-hydroxysuccinimide sebacate Lysine 4 B21 N-hydroxysuccinimide PEG6 Glycerol and PEG 2 B22 Succinimidyl carbonate PEG6 Lysine 2 B23 Succinimidyl carbonate PEG12 Lysine 3 B24 Succinimidyl carbonate pentane Lysine 3 B25 Succinimidyl carbonate hexane Lysine 3 B26 p-nitrophenyl carbonate PEG6 Lysine 3 B27 p-nitrophenyl carbonate PEG12 Lysine 4 B28 p-nitrophenyl carbonate propane Glycerol and PEG 2 B29 p-nitrophenyl carbonate pentane Glycerol and PEG 2 B30 amine - Glycerol and PEG 2 B31 thiol butyrate Lysine 2 B32 thiol glutarate Lysine 3 B33 aminoxy PEG6 Lysine 3 B34 iodoacetamide PEG6 Lysine 3 B35 Maleimide EG2-EG2-G1U-C18 Lysine 3 B36 Maleimide EG2-EG2-G1U-C18 Lysine 3 B37 Amine Lys-EG2 Lysine 3 B38 N-hydroxysuccinimide - - 1 B35: 04 08 25 B36: 5 B37: 04 08 25 <Fatty Acid Moiety> 5 The fatty acid moiety may be prepared using methods known to the art, or a commercially obtained substance may be used. As the fatty acid moiety, the fatty acid moi eties of Table 5 below were used. [Table 5] 04 08 25 Fatty Acid Moiety Designation Fl C16-NHS F2 C16-MAL F3 C18-NHS F4 C18-MAL F5 C16-Glu-NHS F6 C16-Glu-MAL F7 C18-G1U-NHS F8 C18-Glu-MAL F9 C18-Glu-EG2-NHS F10 C18-G1U-EG2-MAL Fil C18-G1U-EG2-EG2-NHS F12 C18-G1U-EG2-EG2-MAL F13 C20-G1U-EG2-EG2-NHS F14 C20-G1U-EG2-EG2-MAL F15 C18-G1U-EG2-EG2-TFP F16 C18-G1U-EG2-EG2-NPC Fl: F2: F3: 5 F4: 04 08 25 F5: F6: 04 08 25 F10: 04 08 25 Fil: F12: 04 08 25 F15: 04 08 25

[192] <Physiologically Active Substance (Polypeptide)> 5

[193] The physiologically active substance (polypeptide) may be prepared using methods known to the art, or commercially obtained substances may be used. In the present invention, the sequences of the physiologically active substances bound to a biotin moiety, a fatty acid moiety, or a combination thereof are shown in Table 6 below. [Table 6] Physiologically Active Substance (Polypeptide) SEQ ID NO Amino Acid Sequence Pl 1 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYLDEQAAKEFVQWLMNT P2 2 HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR 04 08 25 P3 3 HADGSF SDEMNTILDNL AARDFINWLIQTKITD P4 4 YAEGTFISDYSIAMDKIHQQDFVNWLLAQKGKKNDW KHNITQ P5 5 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPP PS P6 6 SVSEIQLMHNLGKHLNSMERVEWLRKKLQDVHNF P7 7 HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT P8 8 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYLDEQAAKEFVQWLMNTC P9 9 HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGRC PIO 10 HADGSF SDEMNTILDNL AARDFINWLIQTKITDC Pll 11 YAEGTFISDYSIAMDKIHQQDFVNWLLAQKGKKNDW KHNITQC P12 12 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPP PSC P13 13 SVSEIQLMHNLGKHLNSMERVEWLRKKLQDVHNFC P14 14 HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTC P15 15 GIVEQCCTSIC SLEQLENYCN P16 16 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKT P17 17 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN P18 18 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPP PSK P19 19 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPP PSKKK P20 20 H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGA PPPSK 04 08 25 P21 21 H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGA PPPSKKK P22 22 KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGAILSSTNVGSNTY P23 23 KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGAILSSTNVGSNTY K P24 24 KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGPILPPTNVGSNTY P25 25 KCNTATC ATQRL ANFLVHS SNNFGPILPPTNVGSNT Y K P26 26 KCNTATC ATQRL ADFLRHS SPNFGAIP S STNVGSRT Y P27 27 KCNTATC ATQRL ADFLRHS SPNFGAIP S STNVGSRT YK P28 28 KCNTATC ATQRL ADFLRHS SNNFGAIPS STNVGSRT Y P29 29 KCNTATC ATQRL ADFLRHS SNNFGAIPS STNVGSRT Y K P30 30 RCNTATC ATQRL ADFLRHS SNNFGAIP S STNVGSKT Y P31 31 RCNTATC ATQRL ADFLRHS SNNFGAIP S STNVGSKT Y K P32 32 H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSKYLDERAAQDFVQWLLDGGPSS GAPPPS P33 33 H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSKYLDERAAQDFVQWLMDGGPSS GAPPPS P34 34 H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSKYLDKIAAQDFVQWLIDGGPSSG APPPS P35 35 H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSWYLDKIAAQDFVQWLLGGGPSS GAPPPS P36 36 H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSWYLDERAAQDFVQWLMGGGPSS 04 08 25 GAPPPS P37 37 H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSKWLDKIAAQDFVQWLIGGGPSSG APPPS P38 38 H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGA PPPSC P39 39 h(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGA PPPSC P40 40 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYLDEQAAKEFVQWLMNTK P41 41 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYLDEKRAKEFVQWLMNTC P42 42 MFPTIPLSRLFDNAMLRAHRLHQLAFDTYQEFEEAYI PKEQKISFLQNPQTSLCFSESIPTPSNREETQQKSNLEL LRISLLLIQSWLEPVQFLRSVFANSLVYGASDSNVYDL LKDLEEGIQTLMGRLEDGSPRTGQIFKQTYSKFDTNS HNDDALLKNYGLLYCFRKDMDKVETFLRIVQCRSVE GSCGF

[194] <Preparation of a physiologically active substance combined with a biotin moiety, a fatty acid moiety, or a combination thereof^

[195] [Preparation Example]

[196] Using DMSO solution with 0.3% trimethylamine (TEA, Sigma) added as the 5 reaction solvent, molar ratio mixtures of 1 :X (1: 0.5-30) between the polypeptides of Table 6 and the biotin moi eties of Tables 3 through 4 were reacted for at least 30 minutes each at room temperature. Thereafter, molar ratio mixtures of 1:Y (1: 0.5-20) between the polypeptide-biotin moiety mixtures and the fatty acid moieties of Table 5 were prepared and reacted for at least 90 minutes each at room temperature. The reactions were stopped by adding 1% Trifluoroacetic acid 10 solution of the same volume as the volume of each mixture.

[197] [Isolation, Purification and Confirmation] 04 08 25

[198] The reaction products were isolated and purified using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. As the column, a SUPERSIL ODS-1 column (10x250mm, 5um, LB Science, South Korea) was used. The mobile phase condition was changed linearly while maintaining a flow rate of 4.7ml / min with 30-50% Solvent B (acetonitrile with 0.1% TFA added) 5 and Solvent A (distilled water with 0.1% TFA added). Monitoring with a UV absorption spectrometer at 280nm, peaks detected between 10 minutes and 20 minutes were collected. The collected peaks were concentrated and purified using ultracentrifugal filters having an appropriate molecular weight cut-off, after volatilizing organic solvents and TFA under vacuum. The purity of the purified substances was confirmed using the HPLC analysis method. Analysis was carried out 10 at a constant temperature near room temperature using a Gemini C18 column (4.6 x 250mm, 5um; Phenomenex, CA, USA). Analysis was carried out using the gradient elution method at a flow rate of ImL / min using a mobile phase comprised of trifluoroacetic acid solution: acetonitrile mixture (at carrying mix ratios). UV absorbance was observed at 280nm.

[199] <Polypeptide combined with a biotin moiety, a fatty acid moiety or a combination 15 thereof>.

[200] The substances stated above were used as the biotin moiety, fatty acid moiety and polypeptide. Methods known to the art or the method of the above embodiment was used for binding the polypeptide to the biotin moiety, fatty acid moiety or a combination thereof.

[201] The polypeptides bound to a biotin moiety, fatty acid moiety or a combination 20 thereof are as shown in Table 7 below. (Here, the molecular weights represent the measured molecular weights or the theoretical molecular weights). [Table 7] Conjugate Polypeptide Biotin Moiety Fatty Acid Moiety Molecular Weight (g / mol) SEQ ID NO Order No. Combination Location No. Combination Location 04 08 25 1* 12 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSC Bl C40 4744.5 2* 12 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSC B2 C40 5167.1 3* 12 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSC B3 C40 5521.6 4* 8 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYL DEQAAKEFVQWLMNT C Bl C30 3963.5 5* 8 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYL DEQAAKEFVQWLMNT C B2 C30 4386.1 6* 8 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYL DEQAAKEFVQWLMNT C B3 C30 4740.6 7* 13 SVSEIQLMHNLGKHLN SMERVEWLRKKLQDV HNFC Bl C35 4675.4 8* 13 SVSEIQLMHNLGKHLN SMERVEWLRKKLQDV HNFC B2 C35 5098.0 9* 13 SVSEIQLMHNLGKHLN B3 C35 - - 5452.5 04 08 25 SMERVEWLRKKLQDV HNFC 10* 5 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPS B4 K27 5613.5 11* 12 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSC B5 C40 5857.0 12* 15 GIVEQCCTSICSLEQLE NYCN (A chain) B4 B-chain K29 - - 7200.9 16 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALY LVCGERGFFYTPKT (B chain) 13* 15 GIVEQCCTSICSLEQLE NYCN (A chain) B4 F1 / K29 of the B chain - - 8627.8 16 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALY LVCGERGFFYTPKT (B chain) 14 12 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSC B3 C40 Fl K27 5759.4 15 12 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSC B38 KI2, K27 F2 C40 5120.9 16 12 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE B3 C40 Fil K27 6237.2 04 08 25 EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSC 17 12 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSC B38 KI2, K27 F12 C40 5598.6 18* 12 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSC B35 C40 6208.4 19* 12 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSC B36 C40 6208.4 20* 18 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSK B37 K40 5565.4 21* 19 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSKKK B K39, K40, K41 5251.1 22 19 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSKKK B K39, K40, K41 Fil K27 6241.6 23 19 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSKKK B K39, K40, K41 Fil K12 6241.6 24* 20 H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQM EEEAVRLFIEWLKNGG B37 K40 - - 5278.1 04 08 25 PSSGAPPPSK 25* 21 H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQM EEEAVRLFIEWLKNGG PSSGAPPPSKKK B K39, K40, K41 5279.0 26 21 H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQM EEEAVRLFIEWLKNGG PSSGAPPPSKKK B K39, K40, K41 Fil K27 6241.6 27 21 H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQM EEEAVRLFIEWLKNGG PSSGAPPPSKKK B K39, K40, K41 Fil K12 5759.0 28 8 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYL DEQAAKEFVQWLMNT C B2 K12 F6 C30 5259.0 29 8 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYL DEQAAKEFVQWLMNT C B5 C30 F5 K12 4800.0 30* 22 KCNTATCATQRLANFL VHS SNNFGAIL S STNV GSNTY B38 KI 4129.6 31* 22 KCNTATCATQRLANFL VHS SNNFGAIL S STNV GSNTY B39 KI 5842.7 32 23 KCNTATCATQRLANFL VHS SNNFGAIL S STNV GSNTYK B2 K38 Fil KI 5627.5 04 08 25 33* 24 KCNTATCATQRLANFL VHSSNNFGAILSSTNV GSNTY B38 KI 4175.7 34* 24 KCNTATCATQRLANFL VHS SNNFGPILPPTNVG SNTY B39 KI 5888.8 35 25 KCNTATCATQRLANFL VHS SNNFGPILPPTNVG SNTYK B2 K38 Fil KI 5673.6 36* 26 KCNTATCATQRLADFL RHS SPNFGAIP S STNVG SRTY B38 KI 4196.7 37* 26 KCNTATCATQRLADFL RHS SPNFGAIP S STNVG SRTY B39 KI 5909.8 38 27 KCNTATCATQRLADFL RHS SPNFGAIP S STNVG SRTYK B2 K38 Fil KI 5694.5 39* 28 KCNTATCATQRLADFL RHS SNNFGAIPS STNVG SRTY B38 KI 4213.7 40* 28 KCNTATCATQRLADFL RHS SNNFGAIPS STNVG SRTY B39 KI 5926.8 41 29 KCNTATCATQRLADFL B2 K38 Fil KI 5711.5 04 08 25 RHS SNNFGAIPS STNVG SRTYK 42* 30 RCNTATCATQRLADFL RHS SNNFGAIPS STNVG SKTY B38 K35 4213.7 43* 30 RCNTATCATQRLADFL RHS SNNFGAIPS STNVG SKTY B39 K35 5926.8 44 31 RCNTATCATQRLADFL RHS SNNFGAIPS STNVG SKTYK B2 K35 Fil K38 5711.5 45* 32 H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSKYL DERAAQDFVQWLLDG GPSSGAPPPS B38 K12 6112.9 46* 33 H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSKYL DERAAQDFVQWLMDG GPSSGAPPPS B39 K12 6131.0 47* 34 H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSKYL DKIAAQDFVQWLIDGG PSSGAPPPS B38 K10 6069.0 48* 35 H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSWY LDKIAAQDFVQWLLG GGPSSGAPPPS B39 K10 6069.0 49 36 H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSWY LDERAAQDFVQWLMG B3 K12 Fil K40 6142.0 04 08 25 GGPSSGAPPPS 50 37 H(Aib)QGTFTSDKSKW LDKIAAQDFVQWLIGG GPSSGAPPPS B3 K12 F12 C40 6220.2 51 20 H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQM EEEAVRLFIEWLKNGG PSSGAPPPSK B37 K40 Fil K27 6309.3 52 20 H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQM EEEAVRLFIEWLKNGG PSSGAPPPSK B38 KI2, K27 Fil K40 5511.3 53 38 H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQM EEEAVRLFIEWLKNGG PSSGAPPPSC B38 KI2, K27 F12 C40 5626.5 54 39 H(Aib)EGTFTSDLSKQM EEEAVRLFIEWLKNGG PSSGAPPPSC B38 KI2, K27 F12 C40 5597.4 55 8 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYL DEQAAKEFVQWLMNT C B38 K12 F12 C30 4591.3 56 40 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYL DEQAAKEFVQWLMNT K B38 K12 Fil K30 4475.1 57 41 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYL DEKRAKEFVQWLMNT C B38 K12 F12 C30 4647.6 04 08 25 58 8 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYL DEQAAKEFVQWLMNT C Bl C30 F16 K12 4679.4 59 8 H(Aib)QGTFTSDYSKYL DEQAAKEFVQWLMNT C B38 K12 F14 C30 4619.4 60 22 KCNTATCATQRLANFL VHSSNNFGAILSSTNV GSNTY B38 KI Fil KI 4845.5 61 24 KCNTATCATQRLANFL VHS SNNFGPILPPTNVG SNTY B38 KI Fil KI 4891.6 62 26 KCNTATCATQRLADFL RHS SPNFGAIP S STNVG SRTY B38 KI Fil KI 4912.6 63 28 KCNTATCATQRLADFL RHS SNNFGAIPS STNVG SRTY B38 KI Fil KI 4929.6 64 30 RCNTATCATQRLADFL RHS SNNFGAIPS STNVG SKTY B38 K35 Fil KI 4929.6 65* 15 GIVEQCCTSICSLEQLE NYCN (A chain) B38 B-chain K29 - - 6000.3 66 16 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALY LVCGERGFFYTPKT (B B38 B38 B-chain K29 B-chain K29 Fil B chain F1 6000.3 6716.2 04 08 25 chain) 15 GIVEQCCTSICSLEQLE NYCN (A chain) 67 16 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALY LVCGERGFFYTPKT (B chain) B38 B38 B-chain K29 K13,K26, K27 Fil B chain F1 6716.2 4796.7 13 SVSEIQLMHNLGKHLN SMERVEWLRKKLQDV HNF 68* 42 MFPTIPLSRLFDNAML RAHRLHQLAFDTYQEF EEAYIPKEQKISFLQNP QT SLCF SESIPTP SNREE TQQKSNLELLRISLLLI QSWLEPVQFLRSVFAN SLVYGASDSNVYDLLK DLEEGIQTLMGRLEDG SPRTGQIFKQTYSKFDT NSHNDDALLKNYGLL YCFRKDMDKVETFLRI VQCRSVEGSCGF B38 Lys random 69 42 MFPTIPLSRLFDNAML RAHRLHQLAFDTYQEF EEAYIPKEQKISFLQNP QT SLCF SESIPTP SNREE B38 Lys random F16 Lys random 04 08 25 TQQKSNLELLRISLLLI QSWLEPVQFLRSVFAN SLVYGASDSNVYDLLK DLEEGIQTLMGRLEDG SPRTGQIFKQTYSKFDT NSHNDDALLKNYGLL YCFRKDMDKVETFLRI VQCRSVEGSCGF 70* 5 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPS B38 KI2, K27 71* 12 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSC Fl C40 72* 12 HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEE EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPS S GAPPPSC F12 C40 (B in the table above refers to native biotin.) * Not in accordance with the claims

[202] <Formulation of Physiologically Active Substances Combined with Biotin Moieties> 5

[203] <Formulation>

[204] The conjugates, which are polypeptides (physiologically active substances) bound to a biotin moiety, fatty acid moiety or a combination thereof prepared in accordance with the above example, were formulated by dissolving in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) with specific compositions of excipients. 04 08 25

[205] Formulation Embodiment 1 (not in accordance with the claims): Preparation of dosage forms containing conjugate 3, one bile acid and propyl gallate, and measurement of Caco-2 cell membrane permeability of bioactive substances in the dosage form

[206] Conjugate 3, which is a physiologically active substance (polypeptide) bound to 5 a biotin moiety, was formulated by dissolving in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) with the compositions of excipients shown in Table 8, and the Caco-2 cell membrane permeation rate was measured.

[207] First, to form a Caco-2 cell monolayer, 1.5 x 105 cells were dispensed per well in a 12-transwell plate, and cultured for 3 to 4 weeks under 370 C CO2 conditions. For the first week, 10 the culture medium was changed once every 2 days, and thereafter, culturing was performed changing the culture medium at 3-day intervals. Cells between 3 and 4 weeks after seeding were used for the experiment. To verify formation of a cell monolayer, the TEER value and Lucifer yellow values were measured, using only cell monolayers where the TEER value was 300Q cm2 or greater and the measured value of Lucifer yellow permeability was within 3%. The transwells 15 to be used in the experiments were washed with transport medium (HBSS) then cultured for 1 hour in an incubator at 37°C CO2, after which 200uL each of the formulation comprising the prepared agent and excipient were added to the apical side, treating the basolateral side with 1mL transport medium not containing the agent. This was followed by incubation for 2 hours in an incubator at 37°C CO2. 2 hours later, samples of 1mL each were taken from the basolateral side, and the 20 permeability coefficient (Papp value) was measured using the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) method. The permeability coefficient (Papp value) was calculated as follows, and the results of analysis are as shown in Table 8. [Papp(10‘6, cm / s) = (dCr / dt) x Vr / (Ax Co) ] (* dCr- concentration of permeated sample, dt- drug treatment time, Vr- basolateral volume, A 25 - transwell area, Co- initially applied drug concentration) [Table 8] 04 08 25 Test Substance Excipient Weight ratio (pharmaceutically active substance: excipient) Transmission Coefficient (Permeability Coefficient) (Papp) Conjugate Volume (ug / mL) Type Volume (ug / mL) Excipient volume (ug / mL) Excipient weight ratio (bile acid: PG) Zygote 3 27.6 - - - - - 0.6 27.6 sDC 41.5 41.5 - 1:1.5 2.1 27.6 sDC 124.4 124.4 - 1:4.5 13.3 27.6 sDC 41.5 62.7 2:1 1:2.3 1.9 PG 21.2 27.6 sCA 43.1 43.1 - 1:1.6 0.7 27.6 sCA 430.6 430.6 - 1:15.6 3.0 27.6 sCA 43.1 64.3 2:1 1:2.3 0.9 PG 21.2 27.6 sGC 48.8 48.8 - 1:1.8 1 27.6 sGC 1462.8 1462.8 - 1:53 10.3 27.6 sGC 48.8 70 2.3:1 1:2.5 0.9 PG 21.2 27.6 sTC 53.8 53.8 - 1:1.9 3.8 27.6 sTC 1613.1 1613.1 - 1:58.4 11.4 27.6 sTC 53.8 75 2.5:1 1:2.7 1.1 PG 21.2 27.6 sCD C 41.5 41.5 - 1:1.5 7.2 27.6 sCD C 41.5 62.7 2:1 1:2.3 0.9 27.6 PG 21.2 27.6 sUD C 41.5 41.5 - 1:1.5 6.0 27.6 sUD C 414.6 414.6 - 1:15 6.3 27.6 sUD C 41.5 62.7 2:1 1:2.3 1.6 PG 21.2 (*PG: Propyl gallate, sCDC: Sodium chenodeoxycholate, sDC: Sodium deoxycholate, sCA: Sodium cholate, sUDC: Sodium ursodeoxycholate, sGC: Sodium glycocholate hydrate, sTC: Sodium taurocholate) 04 08 25

[208] Formulation Embodiment 2: Preparation of formulation comprising a conjugate 5 (3, 17, 52, 70) and one bile acid, and measurement of Caco-2 cell membrane permeation rate of physiologically active substance in formulation

[209] Physiologically active substances bound to a biotin moiety, fatty acid moiety or a combination thereof, prepared in accordance with the above example, were formulated by dissolving in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) with the compositions of excipients shown in 10 Table 9, and the Caco-2 cell membrane permeation rate was measured.

[210] First, to form a Caco-2 cell monolayer, 1.5 x 105 cells were dispensed per well in a 12-transwell plate, and cultured for 3 to 4 weeks under 37°C CO2 conditions. For the first week, the culture medium was changed once every 2 days, and thereafter, culturing was performed changing the culture medium at 3-day intervals. Cells between 3 and 4 weeks after seeding were 15 used for the experiment. To verify formation of a cell monolayer, the TEER value and Lucifer yellow values were measured, using only cell monolayers where the TEER value was 300Q cm2 or greater and the measured value of Lucifer yellow permeability was within 3%. The transwells to be used in the experiments were washed with transport medium (HBSS) then cultured for 1 hour in an incubator at 37°C CO2, after which 200uL each of the formulation comprising the prepared agent and excipient were added to the apical side, treating the basolateral side with 1mL transport medium not containing the agent. This was followed by incubation for 2 hours in an incubator at 37°C CO2. 2 hours later, samples of 1mL each were taken from the basolateral side, and the 5 permeability coefficient (Papp value) was measured using the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) method. The permeability coefficient (Papp value) was calculated as follows, and the results of analysis are as shown in Table 9. [ Papp(10'6, cm / s) = (dCr / dt) x Vr / (Ax Co) ] (* dCr- concentration of permeated sample, dt- drug treatment time, Vr- basolateral volume, A 10 - transwell area, Co- initially applied drug concentration) 04 08 25 [Table 9] Test Substance Excipient Weight Ratio (Pharmaceutically Active Substance: Excipient) Transmission Coefficient (Permeability Coefficient) (Papp, fold) Test Substance Volume (ug / mL) Type Volume (ug / mL) Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 5* 214.5 - - - 1 Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 5* 214.5 sCDC 41.5 5.2:1 2 Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 5* 214.5 sUDC 41.5 5.2:1 1 Conjugate 3* 27.6 - - - 64 Conjugate 3* 27.6 sCDC 41.5 1:1.5 358 Conjugate 3* 27.6 sUDC 41.5 1:1.5 301 Conjugate 17* 280.0 - - - 155 Conjugate 17 280.0 sCDC 41.5 6.7:1 272 Conjugate 52* 275.6 - - - 133 Conjugate 52 275.6 sCDC 41.5 6.6:1 225 Conjugate 70* 232.0 - - - 110 Conjugate 70* 232.0 sCDC 41.5 5.6:1 147 (PG: Propyl gallate, sCDC: Sodium chenodeoxycholate, sDC: Sodium deoxycholate, sUDC: Sodium ursodeoxycholate) 04 08 25 * Not in accordance with the claims

[211] Formulation Embodiment 3: Preparation of formulation comprising a conjugate 5 (68, 69), one bile acid (sodium chenodeoxycholate) and propyl gallate, and measurement of Caco- 2 cell membrane permeation rate of physiologically active substance in formulation

[212] Physiologically active substances bound to a biotin moiety, fatty acid moiety or a combination thereof, prepared in accordance with the above example, were formulated by dissolving in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) with the compositions of excipients shown in 10 Table 11, and the Caco-2 cell membrane permeation rate was measured.

[213] First, to form a Caco-2 cell monolayer, 7 x 104 cells were dispensed per well in a 96-transwell plate, and cultured in a CO2 incubator under 37°C temperature conditions. 24 hours later, the culture fluid was removed from each well and washed with HBSS, followed by addition of lOOuL of the prepared drug and the drug comprising excipient, and culturing in a CO2 incubator 15 at 37°C. After 8 minutes, each well was washed with PBS and treated with lOOuL 10% formalin, followed by reacting at room temperature. After 10 minutes, each well was washed with PBS and treated with lOOuL 0.1% TRITON X-100, followed by reacting at room temperature. After 10 minutes, each well was washed with PBS and blocked for 1 hour using 1% BSA. This was followed by treatment with HRP Anti-Growth Hormone antibody (1:1000). After 1 hour, each well was 20 washed with PBST, and Ultra TMB substrate solution was added. After 10 minutes, each well was treated with 2N HCL stop solution, and absorbance was measured at 450nM to calculate the intracellular accumulation of each substance.

[214] The results are relative to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO 42 as 100%. The results of measurement are as shown in Table 10 and FIG. 1. 5 [Table 10] 04 08 25 Test Substance Excipient Weight Ratio (Pharmaceutically Active Substances: Excipients) 0 / / 0 Test Substance Volume (ug / mL) Type Volume (ug / mL) Excipient volume (ug / mL) Excipient weight ratio (bile acid: PG) Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 42* 0.66 - - - - - 100 Conjugate 68* 0.69 - - - - - 110 Conjugate 69* 0.74 - - - - - 707 Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 42* 0.66 sCD C 41.5 43.6 19.8:1 1:66.1 743 (P<0.0 5) PG 2.1 Conjugate 68* 0.69 sCD C 41.5 43.6 19.8:1 1:63.2 1533 (P<0.0 1) PG 2.1 Conjugate 69 0.74 sCD C 41.5 43.6 19.8:1 1:58.9 2011 (P<0.0 oi) PG 2.1 (PG: Propyl gallate, sCDC: Sodium chenodeoxycholate) * Not in accordance with the claims 04 08 25

[215] Formulation Embodiment 4: Preparation of formulation comprising conjugate (65, 66), one bile acid (sodium chenodeoxycholate) and propyl gallate, and measurement of blood glucose regulating ability of physiologically active substance in formulation 5

[216] Physiologically active substances bound to a biotin moiety, fatty acid moiety or a combination thereof, prepared in accordance with the above example, were formulated by dissolving in a vehicle (0.02% polysorbate 80 in lOmM PBS (pH 7.4)) with the compositions of excipients shown in Table 11 and Table 12, then orally administered to mice, then their blood glucose regulating ability was measured through a glucose tolerance test. 10

[217] The results of measurement are as shown in FIG. 2. At this time, as Control 1, a polypeptide wherein the proteins are joined through disulfide bonds between the 6th and 11th cysteine of SEQ ID NO 15; the 7th cysteine of SEQ ID NO 15 and the 7th cysteine of SEQ ID NO 16; and the 20th cysteine of SEQ ID NO 15 and the 19th cysteine of SEQ ID NO 16 dissolved in the vehicle, was used. Further, as Control 2, the same polypeptide dissolved in a formulation 15 comprising sodium chenodeoxycholate and propyl gallate was used. As Control 3, Conjugate 65, a physiologically active substance bound to a biotin moiety, dissolved in a phosphate buffer solution not comprising bile acid and propyl gallate was used. The hypoglycemic effects were compared from 0 to 120 minutes following the glucose tolerance tests of Controls 1, 2 and 3. In the results, it was found, as shown in FIG. 2, that Conjugate 65 in the formulation comprising one 20 bile acid and propyl gallate had a superior hypoglycemic effect.

[218] The results of measurement are as shown in FIG. 3. As the Control, a polypeptide wherein the proteins are joined through disulfide bonds between the 6th and 11th cysteine of SEQ ID NO 15; the 7th cysteine of SEQ ID NO 15 and the 7th cysteine of SEQ ID NO 16; and the 20th cysteine of SEQ ID NO 15 and the 19th cysteine of SEQ ID NO 16 was used. In the measurement 25 results, as shown in FIG. 3, the blood glucose level of the Control was lower than the untreated group. Further, it was found that blood glucose was substantially lower (especially after 20 to 40 minutes) than that of the Control following administration of Conjugate 65 and Conjugate 66. 04 08 25 [Table 11] Division Test Substance Excipient Weight Ratio (Physiologically active substances: Excipients) Test Substance Dose (mg / kg) sCDC (mg / kg) PG (mg / kg) Excipient dose (mg / kg) Excipient weight ratio (bile acid: PG) Vehicle 1 Untreated Group 1 - - - - - - Vehicle 2 Untreated Group 2 - 68 34 102 2:1 - 1* Control Group 1 1.4 - - - - - 2* Control Group 2 1.4 68 34 102 2:1 1:70.4 3* Control Group 3 Triconjugate 65 1.5 - - - - - 4* Conjugate 65 1.5 68 34 102 2:1 1:68 [Table 12] Division Test Substance Excipient Weight Ratio (Pharmaceutically Active Substance: Excipient) Test Substance Administration dose (mg / kg) sCDC (mg / kg) PG (mg / kg) Excipient dose (mg / kg) Excipient weight ratio (bile acid:PG) Vehicle Untreated Group - 68 34 102 2:1 - 1* Control Group 5.8 68 34 102 2:1 1:17.6 2* Conjugate 65 6.0 68 34 102 2:1 1:17 3 Conjugate 66 6.7 68 34 102 2:1 1:15.2 (PG: Propyl gallate, sCDC: Sodium chenodeoxycholate) * Not in accordance with the claims 04 08 25

[219] Formulation Embodiment 5: Preparation of formulation comprising conjugate (33, 36, 39, 42, 61 through 64), one bile acid (sodium chenodeoxycholate) and propyl gallate, and 5 measurement of the weight reduction and feed intake reduction effect of physiologically active substance in the formulation

[220] Physiologically active substances bound to a biotin moiety, fatty acid moiety or a combination thereof, prepared in accordance with the above example, were formulated by dissolving in a vehicle (0.02% polysorbate 80 in lOmM PBS (pH 7.4)) with the compositions of 10 excipients shown in Table 13, then administered orally to mice. Weight reduction and feed intake reduction were measured over 24 hours. The measurement results are shown in Table 14 and FIG. [Table 13] Division Test Substance Excipient Weight Ratio (Physiologically Active Substance : Excipient) Test Substance Administration Dose (mg / kg) sCDC (mg / kg) PG (mg / kg) Excipient dose (mg / kg) Excipient Weight Ratio (Bile Acid:PG) 04 08 25 Vehicle - - 68 34 102 2:1 - 1* Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 24 3.9 68 34 102 2:1 1:25.8 2* Conjugate 33 4.2 68 34 102 2:1 1:24.4 3 Conjugate 61 4.9 68 34 102 2:1 1:20.9 4* Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 26 4.0 68 34 102 2:1 1:25.7 5* Conjugate 36 4.2 68 34 102 2:1 1:24.3 6 Conjugate 62 4.9 68 34 102 2:1 1:20.8 7* Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 28 4.0 68 34 102 2:1 1:25.6 8* Conjugate 39 4.2 68 34 102 2:1 1:24.2 9 Conjugate 63 4.9 68 34 102 2:1 1:20.7 10* Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 30 4.0 68 34 102 2:1 1:25.6 11* Conjugate 42 4.2 68 34 102 2:1 1:24.2 12 Conjugate 64 4.9 68 34 102 2:1 1:20.7 (PG: Propyl gallate, sCDC: Sodium chenodeoxycholate) * Not in accordance with the claims [Table 14] 04 08 25 Item Weight loss compared to untreated group (%) Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 24* -2.63±1.06 Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 26* -3.13±1.05 Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 28* -l.ll±0.84 Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 30* -1.17±0.76 Conjugate 33* -4.07±1.30 Conjugate 36* -4.53±0.86 Conjugate 39* -1.99±0.94 Conjugate 42* -2.60±0.62 Conjugate 61 -2.96±4.22 Conjugate 62 -3.32±1.31 Conjugate 63 -2.41±0.78 Conjugate 64 -3.38±1.26 * Not in accordance with the claims 5

[221] Formulation Embodiment 6 (not in accordance with the claims): Preparation of formulation comprising Conjugate 3, one bile acid and propyl gallate, and measurement of intestinal absorption of physiologically active substance in formulation

[222] Conjugate 3, a physiologically active substance bound to a biotin moiety, was 10 formulated by dissolving in a vehicle (saline or 0.5% CMC in saline) with the compositions of excipients shown in Table 15, then administered to the duodenum of experimental rats (SD rat). Pharmaceutical behavior was compared. The results are as shown in Table 15 below. 04 08 25 [Table 15] Test Substance Excipient Weight Ratio (Pharmaceutically Active Substance: Excipient) BA (%) Test substance Dose (mg / kg) Bile Acids PG (mg / kg) Excipient dose (mg / kg) Excipient Weight Ratio (Bile acid: PG) Type Dose (mg / kg) Conjugate 3 0.55 sCDC 17 0 17 - 1:30.9 1.0 0.55 sCDC 34 0 34 - 1:61.8 1.7 0.55 sCDC 68 0 68 - 1:123.6 0.4 0.55 sCDC 17 8.5 25.5 2:1 1:46.4 3.4 0.55 sCDC 34 17 51 2:1 1:92.7 7.1 0.55 sCDC 68 34 102 2:1 1:185.5 7.8 0.55 sDC 16 0 16 - 1:29.1 0.1 0.55 sDC 32 0 32 - 1:58.2 0.2 0.55 sDC 65 0 65 - 1:118.2 0.3 0.55 sDC 16 8.5 24.5 1.9:1 1:44.5 7.8 0.55 sDC 32 17 49 1.9:1 1:89.1 13. 1 0.55 sDC 65 34 99 1.9:1 1:180 16. 3 0.55 sCA 35 0 35 - 1:63.6 0.1 0.55 sCA 71 0 71 - 1:129.1 0.5 0.55 sCA 18 8.5 26.5 2.1:1 1:48.2 1.0 0.55 sCA 35 17 52 2.1:1 1:94.5 3.1 0.55 sCA 71 34 105 2.1:1 1:190.9 12. 04 08 25 4 0.55 sUDC 17 0 17 - 1:30.9 0.1 0.55 sUDC 34 0 34 - 1:61.8 0.2 0.55 sUDC 68 0 68 - 1:123.6 0.7 0.55 sUDC 17 8.5 25.5 2:1 1:46.4 0.3 0.55 sUDC 34 17 51 2:1 1:92.7 3.9 0.55 sUDC 68 34 102 2:1 1:185.5 6.9 0.55 sGC 21 0 21 - 1:38.2 0.1 0.55 sGC 42 0 42 - 1:76.4 0.1 0.55 sGC 83 0 83 - 1:150.9 0.2 0.55 sGC 21 8.5 29.5 2.5:1 1:53.6 0.1 0.55 sGC 42 17 59 2.5:1 1:107.3 0.3 0.55 sGC 83 34 117 2.4:1 1:212.7 4.4 0.55 sTC 22 0 22 - 1:40 0.4 0.55 sTC 44 0 44 - 1:80 0.1 0.55 sTC 88 0 88 - 1:160 0.8 0.55 sTC 44 17 61 2.6:1 1:110.9 1.5 0.55 sTC 88 34 122 2.6:1 1:221.8 0.9 (PG: Propyl gallate, sCDC: Sodium chenodeoxycholate, sDC: Sodium deoxycholate, sCA: Sodium cholate, sUDC: Sodium ursodeoxycholate, sGC: Sodium glycocholate hydrate, sTC: Sodium taurocholate)

[223] Formulation Embodiment 7: Preparation of formulations comprising conjugate 5 (14, 16, 17, 18, 19), one bile acid and propyl gallate, and measurement of intestinal absorption of physiologically active substance in formulation

[224] Physiologically active substances bound to a biotin moiety, fatty acid moiety or combination thereof prepared in accordance with the above example were formulated by dissolving in a vehicle (0.02% polysorbate 80 in saline) with the compositions of excipients shown in Table 16, then administered to the duodenum of experimental rats (SD rat). Pharmaceutical behavior was compared. The results are as shown in Table 16 below. 04 08 25 [Table 16] Test Substance Excipient Weight Ratio (Physiologically Active Substance: Excipient) AUClast (hr*ng / mL) BA (%) Test Substance Administration Dose (mg / kg) sCDC (mg / k g) PG (mg / kg) Excipient Dose (mg / kg) Excipient Weight Ratio (sCDC:PG) Conjugate 14 1.7 68 34 102 2:1 1:60 196.0 ± 50 - Conjugate 16 1.9 68 34 102 2:1 1:53.7 12976.4 ±7009 17.4 Conjugate 17 1.7 68 34 102 2:1 1:60 15506.1 ± 3709 5.2 Conjugate 18* 1.9 68 34 102 2:1 1:53.7 6383.1 ± 1593 - Conjugate 19* 1.9 68 34 102 2:1 1:53.7 1273.4 ±368 - (PG: Propyl gallate, sCDC: Sodium chenodeoxycholate) 5 * Not in accordance with the claims

[225] Formulation Embodiment 8: Preparation of formulation comprising Conjugate 17, one bile acid (sodium chenodeoxycholate) and propyl gallate, and measurement of intestinal absorption of physiologically active substance in formulation

[226] The biotin moiety, fatty acid moiety, or a combination thereof prepared according 10 to the above example was dissolved in a vehicle with the composition of the excipients shown in Table 17. At this time, the vehicle was formulated by properly mixing polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, CMC, saline or phosphate buffer. After administration of the formulation to the duodenum of SD rats, pharmacological behaviors were compared. The results are as shown in Table 17 below. 04 08 25 Test Substance Excipient Weight Ratio (Physiologically Active Substance : Excipient) BA (%) Test Substance Administration Dose (mg / kg) Bile Acids PG (mg / kg) Excipient Dose (mg / kg) Excipient Weight Ratio (Bile Acid:PG) Type Dose (mg / kg) Conjugate 17 1.7 sCDC 34 - 34 1:20 0.9 1.7 sCDC 68 - 68 - 1:40 0.4 1.7 sUDC 68 - 68 - 1:40 0.8 1.7 sUDC 102 - 102 - 1:60 1.1 1.7 sCDC+ sUDC 34+68 - 102 - 1:60 2.3 1.7 sCDC +sUD C 34+102 - 136 - 1:80 2.0 1.7 - - 68 68 - 1:40 0.6 1.7 sCDC 17 34 51 1:2 1:30 10. 6 1.7 sCDC 17 68 85 1:4 1:50 2.4 1.7 sCDC 34 68 102 1:2 1:60 6.3 1.7 sCDC 34 68 102 1:2 1:60 4.0 1.7 sCDC 68 34 102 2:1 1:60 5.2 1.7 sUDC 34 34 68 1:1 1:40 7.0 1.7 sUDC 34 68 102 1:2 1:60 4.1 1.7 sUDC 68 17 85 4:1 1:50 6.3 1.7 sDC 17 34 51 1:2 1:30 2.9 1.7 sDC 34 68 102 1:2 1:60 6.4 1.7 sDC 68 34 102 2:1 1:60 3.9 1.7 sCDC+ 34+68 17 119 6:1 1:70 3.2 sUDC 1.7 sCDC+ sUDC 34+68 34 136 3:1 1:80 5.9 sCDC 1.7 +sUD 34+68 68 170 1.5:1 1:100 7.4 C (PG: Propyl gallate, sCDC: Sodium chenodeoxycholate, sDC: Sodium deoxycholate, sUDC: Sodium ursodeoxycholate) 04 08 25 Formulation Embodiment 9: Preparation of formulation comprising Conjugate 67, one bile acid (sodium chenodeoxycholate) and propyl gallate, and measurement of intestinal absorption of 5 physiologically active substance in formulation Conjugate 67, a physiologically active substance bound to a biotin moiety, was formulated by dissolving in a vehicle (0.02% polysorbate 80 in lOmM PBS (pH 7.4)) with the compositions of excipients shown in Table 18, then administered to the duodenum of experimental rats (SD rat). The concentration of the physiologically active substance was measured at Tmax, and the results are 10 represented as Cmax. These results were compared against results obtained by administering SEQ ID NO 6, a physiologically active substance not bound to a biotin moiety, using the same formulation. The results are as shown in Table 18 below. [Table 18] Test Substance Excipient Weight Ratio (Physiologically Active Substance : Excipient) Cmax (ng / mL) Test Substance Administration Dose (mg / kg) sCDC (mg / kg) PG (mg / kg) Excipient Volume (mg / kg) Excipient Weight Ratio Polypeptide SEQ ID NO: 6* 5.4 68 34 102 2:1 1:18.9 30.0 Conjugate 67 6.2 68 34 102 2:1 1:16.4 198.1 (PG: Propyl gallate, sCDC: Sodium chenodeoxycholate) * Not in accordance with the claims 04 08 25

[227] Formulation Embodiment 10: Preparation of solid formulation comprising Conjugate 52, one bile acid and propyl gallate, and measurement of oral absorption rate 5

[228] Solid formulations were prepared using Conjugate 52, a physiologically active substance bound to a biotin moiety, with the compositions of excipients shown in Table 19. These were administered orally to Beagle Dogs, and pharmaceutical behavior was compared.

[229] The solid formulations were prepared by mixing the physiologically active substance with bile acid, propyl gallate and typical excipients used for manufacturing solid 10 formulations (Mannitol, Crosspovidone, Stearate, and the like), then preparing into granules using the dry granulation method, and preparing as tablets using a tableting machine. These were then enterically coated using a coating machine. The tablets were prepared as immediate release and extended release tablets by adjusting the amounts of binder and disintegrant. The immediate release tablets eluted at least 80% of the physiologically active substance within 60 minutes under elution 15 conditions (pH 6.8, 50rpm, 37C), and the extended release tablets eluted at least 80% of the physiologically active substance within 360 minutes under elution conditions (pH 6.8, 50rpm, 37C). [Table 19] Type Test Substance Excipient Weight Ratio (Physiologically Active Substance: Excipient) BA (%) CV (%) Test Substance Dose (mg / tab) Bile Acids PG (mg / kg) Dose (mg / tab) Excipient Weight Ratio (Bile Acid: PG) Type Dose (mg / tab) Extended Release Conjugate 52 10 sCDC 100 200 300 1:2 1:30 0.54 186 Immediate 10 sCDC 100 200 300 1:2 1:30 0.92 68 Release Extended Release 10 CDC 100 200 300 1:2 1:30 2.18 107 Immediate Release 10 CDC 100 200 300 1:2 1:30 4.23 84 Extended Release 10 sCDC 100 200 500 1:1 1:50 6.81 94 sUDC 200 Immediate Release 10 sCDC 100 200 500 1:1 1:50 10.0 8 117 sUDC 200 Extended Release 10 CDC 100 200 500 1:1 1:50 2.79 175 UDC 200 Immediate Release 10 CDC 100 200 500 1:1 1:50 5.21 119 UDC 200 (PG: Propyl gallate, sCDC: Sodium Chenodeoxycholate, sDC: Sodium deoxycholate, sCA: 04 08 25 Sodium cholate, sUDC: Sodium ursodeoxycholate, sGC: Sodium glycocholate, sTC: Sodium taurocholate) Formulation Embodiment 11: Preparation of formulation comprising Conjugate 52, one bile 5 acid (sodium chenodeoxycholate) and propyl gallate, and measurement of blood glucose regulating ability of physiologically active substance in formulation Physiologically active substances bound to a biotin moiety, fatty acid moiety or combination thereof prepared in accordance with the above example were formulated by dissolving in a vehicle (0.02% polysorbate 80 in lOmM PBS (pH 7.4)) with the compositions of excipients shown in Table 10 20, then orally administered to mice. Their blood glucose regulating ability was measured through glucose tolerance tests. The results of measurement were as shown in FIG. 5. As the Control, Conjugate 52 dissolved at two different doses in phosphate buffer solution not comprising bile acid and propyl gallate was used, and the hypoglycemic effects from 0 minutes to 120 minutes after the glucose tolerance tests 15 were compared. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, a dose-dependent hypoglycemic effect was found compared to the Control after administration of Conjugate 52 in the formulation comprising one bile acid and propyl gallate. [Table 20] Item Test Substance Excipient Weight Ratio (Physiologically Active Substance: Excipient) Test Substance Administration Dose (mg / kg) sCDC (mg / kg) PG (mg / kg) Excipient Dose (mg / kg) Excipient Weight Ratio (Bile acid: PG) Vehicle 1 Untreated Group 1 - - - - - - Vehicle 2 Untreated Group 2 - 68 34 102 2:1 - 1* Control Group Conjugate 52 5.51 - - - - - 2 Conjugate 52 5.51 68 34 102 2:1 1:18.5 * Not in accordance with the claims 04 08 25

[230] Formulation Embodiment 12 (not in accordance with the claims): Evaluation of 5 the antidiabetic effect of physiologically active substance in formulations comprising Conjugate 3, one bile acid (sodium chenodeoxycholate) and propyl gallate

[231] Physiologically active substances bound to a biotin moiety prepared in accordance with the above example were formulated by dissolving in a vehicle with the compositions of excipients shown in Table 21. These were orally administered to mice twice daily over 8 weeks, 10 and changes in glycated hemoglobin were measured.

[232] The measurement results are as shown in Table 21. Conjugate 3 dissolved in two different formulations was used as the test substance, and glycate hemoglobin testing was carried out after administering for 8 weeks. In the results, it was confirmed, as shown in Table 21, that the glycated hemoglobin reduction effect of Conjugate 3 in a formulation comprising one bile acid and 15 propyl gallate was superior to that of a formulation comprising Labrasol and Poloxamer 188. Type Test Substance Excipient AGlycated Hemoglobin (%) Test Substance Administration Dose (mg / kg) Labrazol (mg / kg) Poloxamer 188 (mg / kg) sCDC (mg / kg) PG (mg / kg) Vehicle 1 Untreated Group 1 - 100 0.4 - - +2.02 Vehicle 2 Untreated Group 2 - - - 68 34 +2.38 1 Conjugate 3 0.55 100 0.4 - - -1.40 2 Conjugate 3 0.55 - - 68 34 -2.22

[233] Formulation Embodiment 13 (not in accordance with the claims): Evaluation of 04 08 25 the antidiabetic effect of physiologically active substance in formulations comprising Conjugate 3, one bile acid (sodium chenodeoxycholate) and propyl gallate 5

[234] Conjugate 3, a physiologically active substance bound to a biotin moiety, was formulated by dissolving in a vehicle with the compositions of excipients shown in Table 22. These were administered to the duodenum of experimental beagles, and pharmaceutical behavior was compared. The results are as shown in Table 22. [Table 22] Test Substance Excipient Bioavailability (%) Test Substance Administration Dose (mg / kg) Labrazol (mg / kg) Poloxamer 188 (mg / kg) sCDC (mg / kg) PG (mg / kg) Conjugate 3 0.25 100 0.4 - - 0.32+0.06 Conjugate 3 0.25 - - 68 34 1.61+0.81 10

[235] Formulation Embodiment 14: Evaluation of the antidiabetic effect of physiologically active substance in formulation comprising Conjugate 56, one bile acid (sodium chenodeoxycholate) and propyl gallate

[236] Physiologically active substances bound to a biotin moiety prepared in accordance with the above example were formulated by dissolving in a vehicle with the compositions of excipients shown in Table 23. These were orally administered to mice once daily over 3 weeks, and changes in glycated hemoglobin were measured. 5

[237] The results of measurement were as shown in Table 23. Results of glycated hemoglobin tests after three weeks of administration confirmed that oral administration of Conjugate 56 in a formulation comprising one bile acid and propyl gallate exhibited a glycated hemoglobin reduction effect. [Table 23] 04 08 25 Item Test Substance Excipient AGlycated Hemoglobin (%) Test Substance Administration Dose (mg / kg) sCDC (mg / kg) PG (mg / kg) Vehicle Untreated Group - 68 34 + 0.20±0.48 1 Conjugate 56 1.343 68 34 - 0.47±0.34 2 Conjugate 56 4.475 68 34 - 0.98±0.67 10

[238] <Pharmaceutical formulations comprising pharmaceutically active substances bound to biotin moieties and excipients (not in accordance with the claims)>

[239] Measurement of solubility of each formulation

[240] The solubility of physiologically active substance bound to biotin moieties prepared in accordance with the above example in formulations was measured. Conjugate 3 was 15 dissolved in a vehicle (saline) or excipient shown in the table below at a concentration of 2.2 mg / mL, then the solution was filtered and the concentration of Conjugate 3 in the solution was measured using an HPLC. As shown in Table 24 below, the solubility of Conjugate 3 in saline was 0.081 mg / mL, and it can be seen that in the following combinations of excipients, the solubility of Conjugate 3 was increased by 12 to 27 times. 04 08 25 [Table 24] Test Substance Excipient Solubility (mg / mL) Conjugate Test Concentration Type Volume Conjugate 3 2.2 mg / mL - - 0.081 Conjugate 3 2.2 mg / mL sCDC 27 mg / mL 2.2 PG 14 mg / mL Conjugate 3 2.2 mg / mL sDC 26 mg / mL 2.2 PG 13 mg / mL Conjugate 3 2.2 mg / mL sCA 28 mg / mL 1.4 PG 14 mg / mL Conjugate 3 2.2 mg / mL sGC 33 mg / mL 1.0 PG 17 mg / mL Conjugate 3 2.2 mg / mL sTC 35 mg / mL 1.0 PG 18 mg / mL Conjugate 3 2.2 mg / mL sUDC 27 mg / mL 2.2 PG 14 mg / mL Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. 5 Such equivalents are intended to be included in the scope of the following claims. The above description of the present application is for illustration, and those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application pertains will understand that it can be easily modified into other specific forms without changing the technical idea or essential features of the present application. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are illustrative in all 10 respects and non-limiting. For example, each component described as a single type may be implemented in a distributed manner, and likewise components described as distributed may be implemented in a combined form. All changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims to be described below, and equivalents thereof, may be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention. 5 [Commercial Applicability]

[241] The oral formulations of the present invention can efficiently increase absorption in the body, and thus can be usefully used in the pharmaceutical field. 04 08 25

Claims

04 08 251. An oral pharmaceutical formulation comprising(i) a physiologically active substance bound to a biotin moiety and to a fatty acid moiety; and(ii) an excipient comprising a bile acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and optionally further comprising propyl gallate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;wherein the physiologically active substance comprises a polypeptide or a protein;wherein the biotin moiety is represented by General Formula A; andwherein the fatty acid moiety is represented by General Formula B or General Formula Bi:[General Formula A]X-¥-(Z)n~ Tp&wherein, in General Formula A,X is a functional group capable of binding to the physiologically active substance;Y is absent or is a spacer;Z is a binding unit comprising an amino acid, a polypeptide, an alkylene, an amine, or a polyamidoamine structure;B is represented by the following Chemical Formula A-l:[Chemical Formula A-l]04 08 25Z is connected to of Chemical Formula A-l;T is a terminal group;m is an integer of 1 to 10;n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 10;p is 0 or 1;when n = 0 and p = 1, X or Y bonds directly with B and T; andwhen n = 0 and p = 0, X or Y is directly bonded to B;[General Formula B]X'-Y'-Wwherein, in General Formula B,X' is a functional group capable of binding to the physiologically active substance;Y' is a spacer; andW is a fatty acid;[General Formula Bi]X' i -Y'-C(O)-F iwherein in General Formula Bi,X'i is maleimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, aldehyde, amine, tetrafluorophenyl ester or nitrophenol;Y' is a spacer; andFl is Ce-28 substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched heteroalkylene.

2. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein the physiologically active substance is selected from glucagon (Glugacon), GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1), GLP-2 (Glucagon-like peptide-2), GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), exendin-4, insulin,04 08 25parathyroid hormone, interferon, erythropoietin, calcitonin, amylin, serotonin, rituximab, trastuzumab, uricase, tissue plasminogen activator, thymoglobin, heparin, antithrombin III, filgrastim, pramlintide acetate, exenatide, eptifibatide, antivenin, IgG, IgM, HGH, thyroxine, and blood clotting factors VII and VIII.

3. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 through 14 and SEQ ID NOs: 18 through 42.

4. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein the protein comprises the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 16 or the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 16.

5. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein X is selected from maleimide, succinimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, succinimidyl succinate, succinimidyl glutarate, succinimidyl methyl ester, succinimidyl pentyl ester, succinimidyl carbonate, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, aldehyde, amine, thiol, oxyamine, iodoacetamide, aminooxyl, hydrazide, hydroxy, propionate, pyridyl, alkyl halide, vinyl sulfone, carboxyl, hydrazide, halogen acetamide, C2-5 alkynyl, C6-20 aryldisulfide, C5-20 heteroaryldisulfide, isocyanate, thioester, and iminoester.

6. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein Y is absent, or is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C1-50 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched Ci-50 heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted Ce-so arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted Ce-50 heteroarylene, and if substituted, comprises at least one of =0, -C(O)NH2, -OH, -COOH, -SH, =NH and -NH2.04 08 257. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein Y comprises -C(O)-(OCH2CH2)u-NH- as a repeating unit, where u is an integer of 1 to 20.

8. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein Y comprises glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, or lysine as a component.

9. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein each Z is independently any one of the following:A) forms an amino acid or a derivative thereof together with X or separately from X;B) substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C1-50 heteroalkyene, where, if substituted, comprises at least one of =0, -C(O)NH2, -OH, -COOH, -SH, =NH, and -NH2.

10. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein T is selected from amine, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 alkenyl, halo, hydroxy, thiol, sulfonic acid, carboxyl, phenyl, benzyl, aldehyde, azide, cyanate, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, nitrile and phosphonic acid.

11. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein the biotin moiety is selectedfrom the following:04 08 2504 08 2504 08 2504 08 2504 08 2504 08 2504 08 2504 08 2504 08 2504 08 2504 08 25f04 08 2504 08 2504 08 25and12. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein X' is selected from maleimide, succinimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, succinimidyl succinate, succinimidyl glutarate, succinimidyl methyl ester, succinimidyl pentyl ester, succinimidyl carbonate, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, aldehyde, amine, thiol, oxyamine, iodoacetamide, aminooxyl, hydrazide, hydroxy, propionate, pyridyl, alkylhalide, vinyl sulfone, carboxyl, hydrazide, halogen acetamide, C2-5 alkynyl, C6-20 aryldisulfide, C5-04 08 2520 heteroaryldisulfide, isocyanate, thioester, iminoester, tetrafluorophenyl ester, nitrophenyl carbonate, and nitrophenyl.

13. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein Y' is a direct bond, or the structure of Y includes at least one of substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 linear alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 non-linear alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 linear heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 nonlinear heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 arylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 heteroarylene, -O-, -C(O), -C(0)NR-, -C(O)O-, -S-, -NR- or -NOR- wherein R is hydrogen, unsubstituted C1-50 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-50 aryl, or an ethylene glycol repeating unit -(CH2CH2O)n-, where n is an integer of at least 1 but not more than 20.

14. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein Y' comprises -C(O)-(OCH2CH2)u-NH- as a repeating unit, where u is an integer of 1 to 20.

15. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein Y' comprises glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, or lysine as a component.

16. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein the fatty acid moiety is selected from the following:04 08 2504 08 2504 08 2504 08 2504 08 2517. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein the bile acid is at least one of glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid.

18. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein the bile acid is selected from chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid and ursodioxycholic acid.

19. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein the excipient further comprises at least one of alpha-tocopherol, malic acid, fumaric acid, ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxy toluene, sodium phosphate, calcium phosphate, potassium phosphate, galactose, glucose, maltose, gallic acid, propyl gallate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

20. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein the excipient further comprises gallic acid, propyl gallate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

21. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of (i) the physiologically active substance bound to the biotin moiety and fatty acid moiety to (ii) theexcipient is 1: 0.01 to 1000.04 08 2522. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 21, wherein the weight ratio is 1: 0.1 to 500.

23. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein the excipient further comprisespropyl gallate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the weight ratio of bile acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to propyl gallate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 1: 0.01 to 8.

24. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of Claim 1, wherein the excipient comprises 1 to 1000 mg of bile acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and comprises 1 to 1000 mg of propyl gallate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

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