Electrical apparatus, system, and method

Abstract

An electricity generation apparatus 21 comprising an electrically conducting first member 22 wound around a plurality of magnetic elements 23 embedded in a second member 24. When the apparatus 21 is

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD: The present invention relates generally to the area of electromagnetic induction. In particular, it pertains to apparatuses, systems, and methods for electricity or energy generation from varying magnetic fields. A primary function of the apparatus is to generate usable electricity or electrical power from time-varying magnetic fields to meet the diverse electrical needs of various electrical utilization entities. BACKGROUND: Electricity generation relies on various energy sources, each with distinct characteristics and methods. For example, traditional methods involve the use of fossil fuel sources, such as coal, gas, and oil, while nuclear sources utilize controlled nuclear reactions. These methods are supported by specific generator technologies, like steam turbine generators for fossil fuels and nuclear reactor generators for nuclear power. Renewable sources, including solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal plants, offer more sustainable solutions. These sources are complemented by specialized generator technologies, such as solar power generation devices, wind turbines, hydroelectric generators, and geothermal power plants. Oceanic sources harness the oceans' energy potential by capturing kinetic energy from oceanic currents and leveraging temperature differentials for electricity generation. Specialized generators are tailored for each oceanic technology. Biomass and biofuels are sources of energy derived from organic matter, which can be used to produce electricity. Hydrogen fuel cells provide a means of converting hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy through specialized fuel cell generators. Additionally, technologies like piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and thermoelectric systems can convert mechanical, thermal, or environmental changes into electrical energy. Furthermore, cogeneration is a process that captures and utilizes heat, which is a by-product of the electricity generation process, by concurrently generating heat and power. The mentioned diversity in electricity generation methods and technologies underscores the growing need for innovative apparatus, systems, methods, and technologies. Moreover, efficiency becomes important, as any inefficiencies may result in the loss of available energy that could otherwise be captured and converted into electricity. Existing solutions to the above defined problems are for instance presented in US 10468180B2, which discloses an energy harvester system that includes an aircraft power cable carrying an alternating current and an energy harvester. The energy harvester includes a ferromagnetic ring encircling the aircraft power cable and configured so that the alternating current in the aircraft power cable generates magnetic flux in the ferromagnetic ring and an inductive coil wrapped around at least a portion of the ferromagnetic ring to generate a voltage from the magnetic flux in the ferromagnetic ring. Another solution is disclosed in US11372064B2, directed to a magnetic resonance receiver coil including a resonator for use in a magnetic resonance imaging system. The radio frequency receive coil comprises a first conducting element of the resonator having a conductive loop wherein the received signal is induced in that loop, configured to form a primary resonant circuit tunable to at least one first resonance frequency and a second conducting element of the resonator configured to form an electric circuit electrically insulated from and reactively coupled to the primary resonant circuit, the electric circuit being adapted to detune the primary resonant circuit to at least one second resonance frequency. The second conducting element of the resonator has a conductive loop with a pair of ends connected to a preamplifier. The radio frequency receive coil further comprises an energy harvesting circuit electrically coupled in parallel over the pair of ends of the second conducting element, wherein the energy harvesting circuit is adapted for being connected to the second conducting element during transmission by a switch. A rechargeable power source is coupled to the energy harvesting circuit, wherein the rechargeable power source is adapted for being charged by the energy harvesting circuit. A switching component is circuited in parallel to the energy harvesting circuit, wherein is adapted to redirect a current as soon as the rechargeable power source is charged to a sufficient voltage. In this way, a magnetic resonance receive coil with a detune circuit and an energy harvesting circuit for energy harvesting is provided without a significant loss of detuning performance. Yet another existing solution is disclosed in US2014021936A1, which is directed to a current transducer including a magnetic core configured to at least partially encircle a magnetic flux generated by a conductor. At least one coil is coupled to the magnetic core and the magnetic core comprises a superm-alloy material. SUMMARY: According to a first aspect, there is provided an electricity generation apparatus comprising an electrically conducting first member wound at least once around a three-dimensional volume, forming one or more turns around the volume, the first member wound around a first axis and comprising a pair of terminals; a second member received in the volume; a plurality of magnetic elements embedded in the second member; wherein when the apparatus is in the vicinity of one or more sources of a time-varying magnetic field permeating the volume, a voltage is generated across the pairs of terminals. The first member may be a wire. The first member may be a strip conductor. The first member may be made of copper. The first member may be made of any suitably conducting material. The first member may be coated or enameled. The plurality of magnetic elements may be made of high-permeability magnetic material having magnetic permeability higher than the magnetic permeability of air. The plurality of magnetic elements may be made of any one of: manganese-zinc ferrite, specific soft ferromagnetic materials, nickel-zinc ferrites, lithium ferrites, amorphous alloys, permalloy, Metglas, Mu-metals, iron alloys, nickel alloys, or cobalt alloys. The plurality of magnetic elements may be of a substantially elongate, cylindrical shape defining a second axis. The second axis may be parallel to the first axis, such that the plurality of magnetic elements are perpendicular to the windings of the first member. The second member may be a framework providing support for the plurality of magnetic elements embedded within it. The framework may be elastically deformable. The framework may be made of one or more insulating materials. The framework may be cylindrical, cuboidal, spiral, prismatic, serpentine, angular, looped or of an irregular form. The dimensions of each of the plurality of magnetic elements along the second axis and the spacing between them may be between fractions of 1 mm and 1 m. The dimensions of each of the plurality of magnetic elements along the second axis and the spacing between them may be between 1 mm and 1 m and preferably may be between 3.0 mm and 1 m. The plurality of magnetic elements may be substantially cylindrical. The plurality of magnetic elements may have lengths of approximately 10 cm, a diameter of approximately 4 mm, and an average spacing along the second axis of 3.5 mm between adjacent magnetic elements. The wire may have a diameter ranging from 0.1 mm and 10 cm. In a second aspect there is provided a system having a source of a time varying magnetic field; and at least one electricity generation apparatus as described above, positioned in the time varying magnetic field. The source may be one of: a power plant or a power station, a power equipment arrangement, cables, overhead cables, underground cables, power cables, power cords, a portion of the earth carrying a time varying magnetic field, at least one power cable or power cord of at least one appliance, coils or wires to generate electricity from said field. The source may be oscillating permanent magnets. The source may be any other suitable sources of time-varying magnetic fields The distance between the source and the apparatus or components thereof may be adjustable. The distance between the source and the apparatus or components may range from 10 cm to 2 m. An output terminal of the apparatus described above may be directly unified or incorporated into an appliance of a power plug. The apparatus described above may be operable in a time-varying magnetic field having maximal strengths ranging from 30 pT to 10 T, with frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 10 MHz; and wherein the apparatus is capable of generating electrical power ranging from fractions of 1 W to 1 MW. The apparatus may comprise a plurality of first members, each first member having a respective pair of terminals and being wound around a respective volume of the three-dimensional volume, each respective volume receiving a portion of the second member, wherein each of the one or more first members is wound around a one or more of the plurality of the magnetic elements, the apparatus generating a voltage across each pair of terminals of the plurality of first members. The electricity generation apparatus may have a length ranging from a few millimeters, or a few centimetres, to a few kilometres. In a third aspect there is provided a method for generating electricity, the method comprising providing the electricity generation apparatus described above in a time varying magnetic field; and collecting generated electricity at the terminals of the first member. In another aspect, there is provided an integrated electricity generation device, comprising: a source of a time varying magnetic field; and at least one electricity generation apparatus as defined in the first aspect or anywhere else herein, positioned in the time varying magnetic field; wherein the source of time varying magnetic field and at least one electricity generation apparatus are contained within an enclosure. The enclosure may be a single enclosure. The enclosure may comprise a shield. The source of time varying magnetic field may comprise the current-carrying conductor of a power cable and the enclosure may comprise a shield of the power cable. The electricity generation device of the first aspect may be integrated into a power cable, with both a current carrying conductor of the power cable and the electricity generation device being surrounded by a shield of the cable. This may allow the power cable to serve dual purposes of electricity generation and electricity transmission in one embodiment. Another aspect of the present application provides a vehicle (e.g. a car or other road vehicle), comprising: a source of a time varying magnetic field; and at least one electricity generation apparatus as defined in the first aspect or anywhere else herein, positioned in the time varying magnetic field. Another aspect of the present application provides a medical device suitable for implantation into or connection to the human body, comprising: a source of a time varying magnetic field; and at least one electricity generation apparatus as defined in the first aspect or anywhere else herein, positioned in the time varying magnetic field. Embodiments of the present invention provide a highly efficient apparatus, system, and method for generating usable electricity or electrical energy from time-varying magnetic fields to meet the electrical needs of various electrical utilization (EU) entities. The system may comprise a coil / conductor-incorporating (CCI) apparatus and interrelated entities, such as power or electrical energy conditioning (PEEC) modules, EU entities, and time-varying magnetic field sources. The CCI apparatus is designed to efficiently generate electricity when exposed to the time-varying magnetic field of a source. The system can accommodate or incorporate EU entities which can work in conjunction with the CCI apparatus to efficiently harness and utilize the generated electricity. The CCI apparatus may feature a scalable, extendable, and straightforward design, enabling it to adapt to various sizes, forms, and environments, meeting the specific energy needs and desired power output of diverse applications. This adaptability enhances efficiency in specific applications, for example, in one embodiment of the present invention, the adaptable design of a CCI apparatus may allow it to be exposed to a larger area of a time-varying magnetic field. Failure to adequately cover these areas can lead to less interaction with the field, resulting in inefficiencies and reduced coupling to the available field that could otherwise be harnessed for electricity generation. In one embodiment, the present invention may facilitate the harnessing of time-varying magnetic fields in hitherto unsuitable environments. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus with its adaptable design may incorporate curved and irregular surfaces, maximizing its interaction with an available time-varying magnetic field at different angles and enabling seamless conformity to complex structures of an entity. A CCI apparatus featuring adaptable configurations may provide a novel method for integrating into diverse structures, thereby effectuating a conversion of said structures into functional electricity generating units in one embodiment. To achieve more adaptability and cover a wide range of scenarios, CCI apparatuses may be available in various configurations, each tailored for specific purposes but serving the same function, thereby minimizing inefficiencies, and maximizing the harnessing of time-varying magnetic fields for electricity generation. The disclosed embodiments illustrate only a few advantages of the CCI apparatus, with additional embodiments included herein or falling within the scope of the present invention. A system comprising a CCI apparatus may accommodate or incorporate PEEC modules and EU entities. A CCI apparatus may be coupled to or connected with EU entities, which effectively harness and efficiently utilize the generated electricity. PEEC modules may be also coupled or connected between the CCI apparatus and EU entities or at any point within the system to enhance and optimize electricity utilization. This integration facilitates efficient management of electrical performance, aiming for optimal distribution and utilization of power or electricity across the system. The electrical energy, electricity, or electrical power generated by a CCI apparatus may be directly utilized, converted into different forms to be utilized by, or may be stored within one or more EU entities, depending on the intended application. The EU entities may include devices, circuits, elements, systems, infrastructure, transmission system, electrical networks, as well as various energy storage devices and systems. A CCI apparatus may be positioned individually or collectively within or beyond various modules, systems, or entities. Furthermore, certain embodiments of the present invention may be used for electricity generation and electricity transmission purposes. The present invention provides an innovative and versatile apparatus, system, and method, offering a wide range of applications for effective operation in diverse environments. Specifically, its technology is tailored to supplying the electrical needs of various EU entities. In certain embodiments, the present invention may provide a CCI apparatus, system, and method for efficiently generating electricity or usable electrical energy. The system may encompass a CCI apparatus designed to efficiently generate electricity when exposed to a time varying magnetic field from a source. The CCI apparatus may feature a scalable, extendable, and straightforward design, enabling it to adapt to various sizes and forms depending on the application and the amount of needed electricity it generates from the field. This adaptability enables the CCI apparatus to effectively conform to meet efficiency requirements and environmental conditions, enhancing its performance for a wide range of applications. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus may also be deformable, capable of flexing, curving, bending, and twisting into various shapes, including, but not limited to, serpentine, spiral, angular, and looped shapes further enhancing its performance for a wider range of applications. Furthermore, the system may accommodate or incorporate PEEC modules and EU entities. The CCI apparatus may be coupled to or connected with EU entities, which effectively harness and efficiently utilize the generated electricity. PEEC modules may be coupled or connected between the CCI apparatus and EU entities or at any point within the system to enhance and optimize utilization. This integration facilitates the efficient management of electrical performance, aiming for optimal power distribution and utilization across the system. In one embodiment of the present invention, these also may apply to a device comprising a CCI apparatus. In certain embodiments of the present invention, a CCI apparatus, system, and method may be provided for efficiently generating electricity or usable electrical energy. The system may encompass a CCI apparatus to efficiently generate electricity when exposed to a time-varying magnetic field generated by current-carrying entities, or conductors, which may include cables, overhead cables, underground cables, power cables, power cords, coils or wires, power equipment, other suitable sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable sources of timevarying magnetic fields. The CCI apparatus may feature a scalable, extendable, and straightforward design, enabling it to adapt to various sizes, forms, and environments, depending on the application and the amount of needed electricity it generates from the field. The design emphasizes adaptability to the specific requirements and conditions of its environment, with the capability to change its form as necessary in certain embodiments addressing a wide range of possibilities, such as sagging and enhancing the efficiency of an electricity generation system. A CCI apparatus position is not limited to a simple parallel orientation with a current-carrying entity (e.g., a cable or a power equipment). A CCI apparatus may also be capable of flexible orientation, allowing it to flex, curve, bend, and twist into various forms, further enhancing its adaptability to efficiently capturing time-varying magnetic fields and thereby generating needed electricity. Consequently, when a CCI apparatus accompanies the current-carrying entity or conductor (e.g., near a cable), the system excels in generating electricity. This versatility makes it an efficient and adaptable solution for a wide range of applications, considering the presence of a current-carrying entity, or conductor, whether it be a cable, an overhead cable, power cables, power equipment, other suitable sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable sources of timevarying magnetic fields. Furthermore, the system may accommodate or incorporate PEEC modules and EU entities. The CCI apparatus may be coupled to or connected with EU entities, which effectively harness and efficiently utilize the generated electricity. PEEC modules may be coupled or connected between a CCI apparatus and EU entities or at any point within the system to enhance and optimize utilization. This integration facilitates the efficient management of electrical performance, aiming for optimal distribution and utilization of power or electricity across the system. In one embodiment of the present invention, this also may apply to a device comprising a CCI apparatus. In certain embodiments of the present invention, a CCI apparatus, system and method may be provided for efficiently generating electricity or usable electrical energy. The system may encompass an CCI apparatus designed to efficiently generate electricity when exposed to a time-varying magnetic field generated by a suitable source (e.g., power equipment, power plant, power station, the Earth, MRI equipment, cables, current carrying coils, electromagnets, oscillating permanent magnets, other suitable sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable sources of time-varying magnetic fields). The CCI apparatus may feature a scalable, extendable, and straightforward design, enabling it to adapt to various sizes, forms, and environments, depending on the intended application and the amount of needed electricity it generates from the field. This design emphasizes adaptability to the specific needs and conditions of its environment, with a capability to change its form as necessary, addressing a wide range of possibilities. For example, it can enhance interaction coverage over an area where the time-varying magnetic field is available and improve the efficiency of electricity generation within the system for various applications. A CCI apparatus's position is not limited to a fixed orientation with respect to the source of the field, for example, a power station or power plant. Some specific configurations may allow a CCI apparatus to flex, curve and bend as required, further enhancing its adaptability to harness magnetic field efficiently. As a result, when the CCI apparatus is exposed to a magnetic field, the system excels in generating electricity or usable electrical energy. This versatility makes it an efficient and adaptable solution for a wide range of applications. Furthermore, the system may accommodate or incorporate PEEC modules and EU entities. A CCI apparatus may be coupled to or connected with EU entities, which effectively harness and efficiently utilize the generated electricity. PEEC modules may be coupled or connected between the CCI apparatus and EU entities or at any point within the system to enhance and optimize electricity utilization. This integration facilitates the efficient management of electrical performance, aiming for optimal distribution and utilization of power or electricity across the system. In one embodiment of the present invention, this also may apply to a device comprising a CCI apparatus. In certain embodiments the present invention, a feature is introduced where a CCI apparatus may be integrated with a source of time-varying magnetic field (e.g. a power cable, power equipment, other suitable sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable sources of time-varying magnetic fields). This forms a specific type of a device comprising a CCI apparatus, integrating the CCI apparatus and a source. This integration enhances the CCI apparatus's capacity to efficiently generate electricity or needed electrical energy when exposed to the field produced by various current-carrying entities, such as cables, overhead cables, power cables, power equipment, other suitable sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable sources of time-varying magnetic fields. In one embodiment, this integrated device may be positioned individually or collectively as an alternative to a source (e.g., power cables) or in the vicinity or alongside a source (e.g., power cables), to harness the field from an integrated source (e.g. power cable), an external source or both for electricity generation. In one embodiment, individual instances, or groups of the integrated device may be positioned as an alternative to a source (e.g., power cables) or in the vicinity of other source (e.g., power cables) for electricity generation, electricity transmission purposes or both. In one embodiment of the present invention an electricity generation technology, method and system may be provided. These involve strategically positioning a CCI apparatus or a device comprising a CCI apparatus within the influence of a time-varying magnetic field from a nearby source (such as power equipment, power plants, current-carrying conductors, power cables, Earth, other suitable sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable sources of time-varying magnetic fields) to generate electricity from the field and utilize it within a system. The system encompasses a CCI apparatus and is configurable to accommodate or integrate PEEC modules and EU entities. The CCI apparatus can be coupled or connected to an EU entity to effectively utilize the generated electricity. A PEEC module can also be coupled or connected between the CCI apparatus and at least one EU entity, or at any suitable location within the system, to enhance and optimize electricity utilization. This integration facilitates the efficient management of electrical performance for optimal distribution and utilization of power or electricity across the system. The following description provides illustrative embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit its scope. The invention encompasses various embodiments tailored to specific applications, facilitating abroad range of uses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention is further clarified by the accompanying drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Fig. 1A illustrates an example of a coil around a unibody core. Fig. IB illustrates a second example of a coil around a unibody core. Fig. IC illustrates a third example of a coil around a unibody core. Fig. 2A illustrates a first example of a CCI apparatus. Fig. 2B illustrates a second example of a CCI apparatus. Fig. 2C illustrates a third example of a CCI apparatus. Fig. 2D illustrates a fourth example of a CCI apparatus. Fig. 2E illustrates a fifth example of a CCI apparatus. Fig. 2F illustrates a sixth example of a CCI apparatus. Fig. 2G illustrates a seventh example of a CCI apparatus. Fig. 2H illustrates a eighth example of a CCI apparatus. Fig. 21 illustrates a ninth example of a CCI apparatus. Fig. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an electricity generation system. Fig. 4 illustrates a semi-schematic representation of an electricity generation system utilizing a power equipment as a source. Fig. 5 illustrates a semi-schematic representation of an electricity generation system utilizing a current-carrying conductor as a source. Fig. 6 illustrates a semi-schematic representation of an electricity generation system utilizing a power cord as a source. Fig. 7A illustrates a semi-schematic representation of an electricity generation system utilizing an overhead power cables arrangement as a source, with a CCI apparatus attached to two pylons. Fig. 7B illustrates a semi-schematic representation of an electricity generation system utilizing an overhead power cables arrangement as a source, with a CCI apparatus attached to a support means. Fig. 8A illustrates a semi-schematic representation of an electricity generation system utilizing an overhead power cables arrangement as a source, with a CCI apparatus attached to two poles. Fig. 8B illustrates a semi-schematic representation of an electricity generation system utilizing an overhead power cables arrangement as a source, with a CCI apparatus attached to a support means. Fig. 9 illustrates a semi-schematic representation of an electricity generation system utilizing the Earth as a source. Fig. 10 illustrates an interface between a coil and two holders. Fig. 11 illustrates a CCI apparatus with borders. Fig. 12A illustrates a first example of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure. Fig. 12B illustrates a second example of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure. Fig. 13 illustrates a multiple of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure, positioned alongside cables at two pylons. Fig. 14 illustrates two CCI apparatuses, each within its own enclosure, positioned alongside cables at three poles. Fig. 15A illustrates a semi-schematic representation of a first example of a multiple of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure, positioned near a source. Fig. 15B illustrates a semi-schematic representation of a second example of a multiple of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure, positioned near a source. Fig. 15C illustrates a semi-schematic representation of a third example of a multiple of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure, positioned near a source. Fig. 16 illustrates a block diagram of an electricity generation system. Fig. 17 illustrates a CCI apparatus integrated with a source within an enclosure. Fig. 18 illustrates a CCI apparatus integrated with a current-carrying conductor. Fig. 19 illustrates a CCI apparatus integrated with a current-carrying conductor within an enclosure. Fig. 20 illustrates a multiple of a CCI apparatus integrated with a current-carrying conductor within an enclosure attached to two pylons. Fig. 21 illustrates a multiple of a CCI apparatus integrated with a current-carrying conductor within an enclosure attached to two poles. Fig. 22 illustrates a CCI apparatus integrated with a current-carrying conductor within an enclosure attached to a support means. Fig. 23 illustrates a CCI apparatus integrated with a current-carrying conductor within an enclosure attached to an appliance. Fig. 24 illustrates a multiple of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure positioned inside a body. Fig. 25 illustrates a multiple of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure positioned inside a car. Figures are for illustrative purposes only and may not be drawn to scale. The term ‘CCI apparatus’ encompasses, at least in part, the details presented here, allowing for potential variations or additional elements within the scope of the present invention. The present invention relates to a CCI apparatus, a system and a method designed to efficiently generate useable electricity or energy from time-varying magnetic fields. The electricity or electrical power generated can be utilized by various EU entities across a diverse range of applications. A system comprises a CCI apparatus and interrelated entities such as PEEC modules, EU entities, and time-varying magnetic field sources. The CCI apparatus, incorporating a coil or conductor, is specifically designed to efficiently generate electricity when exposed to a time-varying magnetic field from a source. A system comprising a CCI apparatus may accommodate or incorporate an EU entity which can work in conjunction with the CCI apparatus to efficiently harness and utilize the generated electricity. The CCI apparatus can be coupled to or connected with the EU entity. The system may also accommodate or incorporate PEEC modules to enhance and optimize electricity utilization. PEEC modules can be coupled or connected between a CCI apparatus and an EU entity, or at any point within the system, to fulfil an intended application. This integration facilitates efficient performance management by optimizing electricity or power distribution and utilization across the system. The present invention is directed to meeting the electrical needs or demands of various EU entities through its highly efficient electricity generation technology, which sets it apart with its innovative apparatus, system, and method. Several embodiments of the invention are depicted in the accompanying drawings to illustrate its features and functionality. While adhering to the scope of the invention, it can be implemented in various ways. The detailed description provides multiple embodiments clarifying the invention and explicitly allowing modifications within the invention's defined scope and essence. Features from one embodiment may apply to others, enabling further variations. The invention encompasses such modifications and their equivalents. When a CCI apparatus is exposed to a time-varying magnetic field, it generates electricity. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, a fundamental principle in electromagnetism, the field induces changes in magnetic flux through the CCI apparatus as it is exposed to the field. These changes generate an electromotive force (EMF) within the coil or conductor in the CCI apparatus, which induces a voltage. The induced voltage is measurable, for instance, at the coil terminals, indicating that electricity or electrical power is generated from the field. In other words, electrical energy is generated from the field in this process. The time-varying magnetic field may originate from various sources, including but not limited to current-carrying conductors or wires with alternating currents, power cables (e.g., overhead power cables, underground power cables, power lines, power-supplying cables, or any other suitable cable), power cords, power equipment (e.g., transformers, generators, circuit breakers, power transmission lines, cables, or any other suitable power equipment), power stations, power plants, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment, dedicated or specially designed sources (e.g., coils, oscillating permanent magnets), a source within / beyond a system or module, a source of an alternating magnetic field, the Earth, other suitable sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable source of a time-varying magnetic field. A primary objective of a CCI apparatus is to effectively harness time-varying magnetic fields from one or more sources to meet the electrical needs or demands of various EU entities. The electricity, energy, or electrical power generated by a CCI apparatus can be directly utilized, converted into different forms to be utilized by, or stored within one or more EU entities, depending on the intended application. The EU entities may include devices, circuits, elements, loads, systems, infrastructure, electrical power transmission systems, electrical networks, as well as various energy storage devices and systems. The CCI apparatus or a device comprising the CCI apparatus, and associated system offer a wide range of EU entities, applications, and purposes, including but not limited to enhancing power grids through improvements in power generation, electricity transmission infrastructure and distribution, mitigating energy losses, supporting diverse needs and services, providing backup power for compensation, enhancing mini-grids, addressing disruption mitigation, illumination, supporting sensors, powering microchips, supplying devices, and energy storage for example in rechargeable batteries or supercapacitors, contributing to ecological monitoring, scavenging of energy, and strengthening security system. Furthermore, a CCI apparatus may be positioned individually or collectively within or beyond various modules, systems, or entities, including, but not limited to, warehouses, residential buildings, vehicles (such as cars, airplanes, boats, drones), satellites, industrial plants, medical facilities (e.g., MRI equipment), human body (e.g., implanted devices), electrical systems, agricultural settings, underwater installations, underground installation, space stations, mobile platforms, remote outposts, and any other suitable environment considering spatial, application and efficiency needs. The present invention, with its innovative apparatus, technology, and system, offers a wide range of uses, spanning residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, healthcare, agriculture, aerospace, mining, and space sectors. It is designed for effective operation in diverse environments, including indoor and outdoor spaces, underground, underwater, on or above the Earth's surface, and even in outer space. A device 11 is configured by winding one or multiple turns of an elongate conductor, such as copper wire, to form a coil 12 around a unibody core 13 made of high-permeability magnetic materials or ferromagnetic materials (e.g., ferrites), as shown in some instances in Fig. 1A, Fig. IB and Fig. IC. When exposed to a time-varying magnetic field, the high-permeability core 13 guides the field's magnetic flux towards and concentrates it within the device 11, strengthening the interaction between the field and the coil 12. This results in inducing a higher time-varying voltage compared to a situation without the core 13. The induced voltage is measurable at the coil terminals 14. While the device possesses the capability to generate voltage when exposed to a time-varying magnetic field, practical considerations may render this approach suboptimal in specific cases. For example, when unibody, a large-dimensioned ferromagnetic core 13 (Fig. 1A) or substantially elongate ferromagnetic core 13 (Fig. IB) has been observed to be brittle in some instances, making it less preferable in practice. These considerations extend to scalability and extendibility, hindering the device's ability to meet diverse spatial and efficiency needs. Even when utilizing, for example, a unibody flexible ferromagnetic core 13 (Fig. IC), the potential ferromagnetic weight increase of a unibody configuration may still pose practical challenges (e.g., positioning issues, reduced portability) and economic considerations (e.g., material costs, higher fuel expenses for portability in specific scenarios). Hence, the device encounters challenges in adapting to a variety of sizes, shapes, and operating conditions. These constraints, including reduced versatility, efficacy, and efficiency over generated electricity from the available field, alongside practical challenges like positioning issues and reduced portability, ultimately limit its scope of applications. Building upon identified shortcomings in this device, achieving a balance between adaptability, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and versatility is crucial for developing a novel apparatus, system, and technology. The present invention effectively addresses and improves upon these limitations, marking a significant advancement in the field. Selected embodiments of the CCI apparatus 21, including but not limited to, are shown in Fig. 2A, Fig. 2B, Fig. 2C, Fig. 2D, Fig. 2E, Fig. 2F, Fig. 2G, Fig. 2H and Fig. 21 In the present invention, a CCI apparatus 21 is generally created by winding one or more turns of at least one elongate conductor (e.g., copper wire) around a specified three-dimensional volume, forming at least one coil 22. The elongate conductor may be coated for protection, enhancement, or other purposes. For enhanced visual clarity, relevant figures show only an initial turn 25 and a subsequent turn 26 of the elongate conductor in wire form. The actual number of turns or windings may vary, ranging from one to a significantly higher number (e.g., multiple thousands). Additionally, it should be noted that while the turns are shown in the relevant figures in wire form, the elongate conductor is not confined to a conventional wire shape; for instance, it could take the form of a strip or another alternative configuration. Within the three-dimensional volume, multiple magnetic elements (element designated by number 23) composed of materials with higher magnetic permeability than air, such as ferromagnetic materials (e.g., Manganese-Zinc ferrite, specific soft ferromagnetic material), are positioned. In instances where the high-permeability magnetic elements (element designated by number 23) exhibit an elongate form, their axes are generally aligned perpendicular to the orientation of the wires or elongate conductor, as shown in some instances in Fig. 2A, Fig. 2B, Fig. 2C, Fig. 2D, Fig. 2E, Fig. 2F, Fig. 2G, Fig. 2H and Fig. 21. This perpendicular alignment enhances the interaction between the magnetic flux of a time-varying magnetic field and the coil 22 when exposed to the field. The high- permeability magnetic elements (element designated by number 23) are supported by an insulating framework 24 (e.g., insulation materials such as EPDM - Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer, or EPR - Ethylene Propylene Rubber) within the specified three-dimensional volume. In the relevant figures, dashed lines are strategically employed to delineate portions of high-permeability magnetic elements (element designated by number 23) elucidating their positional relationships or configurations within a CCI apparatus 21. This visual approach enhances the clarity of the figures, providing a clearer understanding of the inventive concepts herein. Specifically, the use of dashed lines serves to illustrate the internal arrangements or concealed features of the magnetic elements (element designated by number 23) which may not be readily visible in the external context of the CCI apparatus 21. This method of representation presents a concise and unambiguous depiction of the details associated with the magnetic elements (element designated by number 23) thereby facilitating a clearer interpretation for those skilled in the relevant field. When a CCI apparatus is exposed to a time-varying magnetic field, the high-permeability magnetic elements guide the field's magnetic flux towards and concentrate it within the CCI apparatus, amplifying the interaction between the field and the coil of the CCI apparatus. This results in inducing a higher voltage compared to a situation without the high-permeability magnetic elements. The induced voltage is measurable, for instance at the coil terminals, indicating that electricity or electrical power is generated from the field. In other words, electrical energy is generated from the field in this process. The magnetic elements in a CCI apparatus can be composed of high-permeability or ferromagnetic materials, such as, but not limited to, ferrites, Mn Zn ferrite, soft ferromagnetic materials, Nickelzinc ferrites, Lithium ferrites, Amorphous alloys, Permalloy, Metglas, Mu-metals, iron alloy, nickel alloy, cobalt alloy, and various other materials having a magnetic permeability higher than air. In a CCI apparatus design, the interaction with a time-varying magnetic field can be strengthened by adding more high-permeability magnetic elements, expanding volume of the supporting insulating framework and extending the length of the elongate conductor (e.g., copper wire) forming the coil; because adding more high-permeability magnetic elements allows for more magnetic flux to be guided through the coil, and a longer elongate conductor enhances the coil turns, contributing to a stronger interaction between the field and the coil. These will enhance adaptability and scalability of a CCI apparatus to meet diverse spatial and efficiency requirements across various configurations. In various embodiments of the present invention, adjustments to the dimensions, shape, arrangement, positioning, number of high-permeability magnetic elements and spacing between them, can enhance factors such as electricity generation efficiency, interaction with the field, spatial suitability, and form adaptability of a CCI apparatus. The dimensions of each high-permeability magnetic element and the spacing between them may vary, encompassing fractions of a millimetre (mm), millimetres (e.g., 2 mm, 5 mm), centimetres (cm) (e.g., 3 cm, 7.5cm, 10cm), or multiples of the centimetre or decimetre (dm) range (e.g., 15dm, 30dm) and beyond. Without limiting the specified range, it is sometimes preferable to assign smaller dimensions to parameters like thickness, width, spacing, and diameter, and larger dimensions to length, where applicable. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the high-permeability magnetic elements have a cylindrical shape. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus may have a design similar to the one shown previously in Fig. 2A, or a variant thereof incorporating additional features, such as an extension within an array of cylindrical high-permeability magnetic elements each fabricated from soft Mn Zn ferrite material or similar ferrite, the dimensions of each high-permeability magnetic element 23 feature a length of approximately 10 cm, a diameter of about 4 mm, and an average spacing of 3.5 mm between the adjacent elements. In certain embodiments of the present invention, flexibility in a CCI apparatus is enhanced through the integration of flexible insulation materials, such as flexible EPDM or EPR, into the insulating framework. Notably, the more pronounced curves in Fig. 2D, Fig. 2F, Fig. 2G, Fig. 2H and Fig. 21 serve as illustrative examples showcasing the heightened flexibility, and a similar flexibility is applicable to other embodiments. For example, this integration extends to scenarios in which the entire insulating framework consists of flexible insulation materials (e.g., Rubber EPDM or EPR). This empowers a CCI apparatus, enabling it to adopt diverse forms that accommodate spatial requirements. The resulting adaptability allows effective conformance to efficiency requirements and varying environmental conditions, enhancing performance across various applications. In certain embodiments, this adaptability renders a CCI apparatus deformable, capable of flexing, curving, bending, and twisting into various shapes, including, but not limited to, serpentine, spiral, angular, and looped configurations. The versatile design caters to a broad spectrum of possibilities, contributing to improved interaction of a CCI apparatus with a time-varying magnetic field and enhanced efficiency in electricity generation. The insulating framework in a CCI apparatus can be composed of insulation materials such as, but not limited to, EPR, EPDM, Silicone rubber, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyethylene (PE), Low Smoke &Fume (LSF), Low Smoke Halogen Free (LSHF), Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP), Polypropylene Laminated Paper (PPLP), suitable types of Rubber, Polyurethane (PUR), Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE), or any other suitable insulation material, or alternatively, by an air support mechanism in certain embodiments. In certain embodiments, the insulating framework in a CCI apparatus comprises a single type of insulation material. In certain embodiments, the average dimensions of the insulating framework, such as thickness, width (or diameter if applicable), and length, may vary within a range, encompassing values in the millimetre range (e.g., 2 mm, 5 mm), centimetres (e.g., 3 cm, 7 cm), meters (m) (e.g., 2 m, 300 cm), kilometres (km) (e.g., 1 km, 3 km), or beyond. Without limiting the specified ranges, it may be sometimes preferable to assign smaller dimensions to thickness and width and larger dimensions to length. For a cylindrical insulating framework, in one embodiment, the dimensions are approximately 2 cm, 35 cm for thickness and diameter, respectively. In another embodiment, a cylindrical insulating framework has dimensions of approximately 10 cm, 2m for thickness and diameter. In another embodiment, an elongate insulating framework’s average dimensions are approximately 4 cm, 10 cm, and 300 m for thickness, width, and length, respectively. In one embodiment, a rectangular prism insulating framework has dimensions of approximately 3 cm, 7 cm, and 2m for thickness, width, and length, respectively. In one embodiment, a rectangular prism insulating framework has dimensions of approximately 2 cm, 5 cm, and 1km for thickness, width, and length, respectively. In certain embodiments of the present invention, within its operational environment, an electricity generation system 41 comprising a CCI apparatus 21 is configured to accommodate or incorporate a PEEC module 42, an EU entity 43, and a time-varying magnetic field source 44, as shown in Fig. 3. A CCI apparatus can be coupled to an EU entity that efficiently utilize the generated electricity or the induced voltage from the field of a source. A PEEC module can also be coupled between a CCI apparatus and an EU entity or at any point within the system to enhance and optimize utilization. This integration facilitates the efficient management of electrical performance for optimal distribution and utilization of power or electricity across the system. PEEC modules, comprising elements, systems, or units, are designed, or designated to modify, regulate, or condition electrical energy or voltage for optimized utilization. A PEEC module may include individual or combinations of components such as capacitors (e.g., for achieving resonance with a coil inductance, for example, the coil of a CCI apparatus., matching resonant frequency of an apparatus to the frequency of a magnetic field), AC / DC converters, DC / AC converters, DC / DC converters, and AC / AC converters, rectifiers, impedance matching circuits, voltage or power inverters (regulators), power management systems, battery management systems, multipliers, dividers, or similar entities. Furthermore, they can incorporate filters (e.g., for noise suppression), surge protectors, inductors, and transformers. The primary function of PEEC modules is to adapt the characteristics of electrical energy or electricity, modifying voltage levels or adjusting power output generated by a CCI apparatus. This adaptation enhances compatibility with various EU entities. PEEC modules facilitate efficient energy transfer, stabilize voltage levels, ensure electricity stability, and adjust power parameters to meet specific requirements across diverse applications of the generated electricity or electrical energy and their utilization. The present invention encompasses multiple embodiments of a system 41 for the generation of electricity, as shown in Fig. 3. The system 41 includes, but is not limited to, a CCI apparatus 21 featuring an output (e.g., coil terminal 27) designed to generate electricity or usable electrical energy from a time varying magnetic field of a source 44. Complementing this, a PEEC module 42 is utilized with both input 46 and output 47. The input of the PEEC module 46 is connected to the output of the CCI apparatus (e.g., coil terminal 27), and the output of the PEEC module 47 is further connected to an EU entity 43. In various embodiments of the CCI apparatus in the present invention, deliberate variations, and adjustments in the physical parameters of the elongate conductor (such as the wire, composed of materials like copper or aluminium) forming the coil, is employed. These parameters include but are not limited to wire diameter or gauge, wire length, conductor composition, the number of coil turns, and, if applicable, the thickness and length of the elongate conductor. This variation is designed to exert precise control over the CCI apparatus's electrical performance, for example, the induced voltage in its coil, which can be measured, for instance, across the coil terminals. These adjustments enhance the tailored optimization of the CCI apparatus's impedance, improving its adaptability to operational conditions and achieving increased efficiency in electricity generation within a system. Therefore, the adjustments can enhance impedance matching, for example, between a CCI apparatus and a PEEC module or EU entity. In certain embodiments, this improves power transfer and minimizes energy losses during the transmission of electricity utilizing a CCI apparatus and the electricity generation method. An optimized impedance matching enhances the efficient delivery of electrical energy generated by the CCI apparatus to EU entities and PEEC modules, thereby contributing to overall system efficiency and performance. A measurement or simulation tool can be employed to determine the optimal characteristics and parameters of a CCI apparatus (e.g., coil, high-permeability magnetic elements, and insulating framework characteristics), electricity generation system, PEEC module, and EU entity (e.g., a load resistance or impedance), including the optimization of output power. This approach enhances the versatility of the CCI apparatus, streamlines manufacturing processes, and facilitates adaptation for optimal functionality and efficiency, making the CCI apparatus and the electricity generation system suitable for a wide range of applications and environments. In one embodiment, the elongate conductor forming the coil, such as an enameled copper wire, may have a thickness or wire diameter within the range of a specific fraction of a millimetre, like 0.2 mm, or multiple millimetres, such as 6 mm. In one embodiment, the wire diameter or elongate conductor thickness may extend to centimetres or more, considering spatial and efficiency requirements (e.g., coil resistance). In one embodiment, an enameled copper wire serves as the elongate conductor forming the coil in a CCI apparatus, with the wire diameter ranging from 2 mm to 8 mm. In the present invention, in a CCI apparatus, in accordance with Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the induced electromotive force (EMF) or voltage within the CCI apparatus‘s coil is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the coil and is influenced by the number of turns in the coil. In practice, adjusting the number of turns serves as a method to control and optimize the output voltage or power. This manipulation is contingent upon the magnetic field characteristics (e.g. strength, frequency) and the specific power needs of EU entities and PEEC modules, facilitating control and optimization of the resultant output voltage or power. The method provides a means of tailoring the output to meet power needs in an intended application, where a heightened EMF is indicated by elevated output voltages measured, for example, across the coil terminals. The coil can be wound with a single or multiple turns, ranging from a few, tens, and hundreds to multiple thousands, offering adaptability to tailor electrical performance, enhance energy generation efficiency, meet spatial requirements, and improve impedance matching. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the number of turns in a coil of a CCI apparatus may fall within the range of tens (e.g., 30, 50), hundreds (e.g., 500), or even multiple thousands (e.g., 2000, 12000), considering spatial and efficiency requirements. In certain embodiments of present invention, a CCI apparatus is designed to be formed in various configurations and shapes, such as substantially elongate, elongate, cylindrical, rectangular prism, cubic, or other compatible forms to meet specific spatial, efficiency, or electricity generation needs. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus 21, configured in a rectangular prism form, can be positioned near a source of a time varying magnetic field (e.g., a power equipment 51 such as a power plant or a power station, a power equipment arrangement, cables, other suitable sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable source of a time-varying magnetic field) and exposed to the field for electricity generation in a system for an intended purpose, as shown in Fig. 4. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus 21, configured in an elongate or substantially elongate form, can be positioned near a source of a time-varying magnetic field (e.g., an electrical currentcarrying object, current-carrying conductor 61 such as cable, other suitable sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable source of a time-varying magnetic field) and exposed to the field, produced by the electrical current, to generate electricity in a system for a specific purpose, as shown in Fig. 5. The term 'current-carrying object' is not limited to, but encompasses, overhead cables, transmission cables, internal cables (e.g., house wiring), underground cables, power cords, and any other suitable current-carrying conductor or entity. It's worth noting that any source of a magnetic field may serve the role of the current-carrying object for the same purpose. The present invention encompasses CCI apparatus configurations beyond the specific embodiments described herein. In certain embodiments of the present invention, a CCI apparatus 21 is exposed to a time-varying magnetic field of at least one power cable or power cord 71 of at least one appliance 72 such as TVs, laptops, and refrigerators, to generate electricity from the field in a system, as shown in Fig. 6. In one embodiment, the output of the CCI apparatus, such as its coil terminal 27, may be directly unified with or incorporated into an appliance 72 or a power plug. Additionally, the PEEC module 42 and EU entity 43 may also be unified or incorporated into the appliance 72 or power plug if necessary for specific functionalities, such as power saving. In certain embodiments of the present invention, at least one CCI apparatus 21 is positioned near or alongside at least one overhead power cable 81, such as those associated with pylons (pylon designated by number 82) as shown in Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B, or poles (pole designated by number 83) in other embodiments as shown in Fig. 8A and Fig. 8B. This positioning facilitates exposure to the time-varying magnetic field of the cable 81, resulting in electricity generation from the field in the system. In certain embodiments, CCI apparatuses, each with a specific or average weight, can be securely attached to support structures, such as a pylon 82 as shown in Fig. 7A, and a pole 83 as shown in Fig. 8A, or to other suitable support means (e.g., as illustrated by reference numeral 84 in Fig. 7B and Fig. 8B), using a suitable holder (e.g., holder 85 as shown in Fig. 7A, Fig. 7B, Fig. 8A, and Fig. 8B). In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus 21 is positioned to be exposed to the time-varying magnetic field of the ground or the Earth 91 to generate electricity from the field in a system, as shown in Fig. 9. The embodiments discussed above are specific examples of the functionality of CCI apparatuses and relevant electricity generation systems. The inherent adaptability of a CCI apparatus and a relevant electricity generation system allows for a wide range of configurations, extending beyond those described herein. By acknowledging this adaptability, the scope of the present invention is kept open to various applications. In certain embodiments, a CCI apparatus dimensions may fall within the range of multiples of the decimetre, meter (e.g., 2 m, 300 m), or kilometre and beyond. A CCI apparatus dimensions may range from millimetres to more than a centimetre and beyond in certain embodiments. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus can be in an elongate form with a length of approximately 4 m, but this length is not limiting and could vary significantly. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus can be in an elongate form with a length of approximately 300 m, but this length is not limiting and could vary significantly. In yet another embodiment, a CCI apparatus can be in an elongate form with a length of around 1 or multiple kilometres, but this length is not limiting and could vary significantly. In a certain embodiment, an CCI apparatus can be in a cylindrical form with an average diameter of around 2 m or 5 m, but this diameter is not limiting and could vary significantly. In one embodiment, the CCI apparatus can be in a form of a rectangular prism, cube, or cylindrical with dimensions ranging from a few centimetres to kilometres but these dimensions are not limiting and could vary significantly. In another embodiment, a CCI apparatus can be in the form of a rectangular prism, cube, or cylinder with dimensions ranging from a few millimetres to several meters, but this dimension is not limiting and could vary significantly. These embodiments offer versatility, allowing for interchangeability to meet specific operational needs. A compatible CCI apparatus may exhibit programmable multi-state transformability, enabling it to be shaped and adapted to fulfil diverse applications. The CCI apparatus design allows for precise adjustments, encompassing the number, position, form, material composition, arrangement and dimensions (e.g., length, width, thickness, or diameter) of high-permeability magnetic elements or ferromagnetic materials, wires or elongate conductors, coil and insulating framework, offering a versatile range of adaptable options, along with variability in the number of coil turns and spacing between high-permeability magnetic elements. The inherent adaptability of this technology enables scalability, extendibility, and simplicity across diverse CCI apparatus configurations, accommodating various spatial and efficiency requirements. The CCI apparatus design is intentionally devised for adaptability and adjustability, considering specific characteristics of magnetic fields from various sources including, but not limited to, power cables, power cord, power equipment, power plants, the Earth, other sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable sources of time-varying magnetic fields, and also characteristics such as the interaction between a time-varying field and a CCI apparatus. This technological innovation facilitates alterations in sizes, shape factors, and environmental conditions, thereby enhancing versatility, efficacy, and control over the generated electricity. Consequently, it serves to broaden the scope of applications for the technology. In certain embodiments of the present invention, a CCI apparatus can demonstrate inherent adaptability, especially when a flexible material is used in the insulating farmwork, as it is not constrained by a fixed orientation. This feature allows flexibility, curvature, and the capability to bend, thereby facilitating optimal exposure of the CCI apparatus to a time-varying magnetic field. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus is not necessarily limited to a predetermined orientation relative to a source of a time-varying magnetic field. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus can be rotated or repositioned with suitable equipment, demonstrating adaptability to various spatial configurations, and enhancing efficiency in specific operational scenarios. The versatile design of the CCI apparatus facilitates efficient utilization of the fields originating from various sources, including but not limited to, power equipment, power stations, power cables, power cords, the Earth, other sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable sources of timevarying magnetic fields, utilizing specialized mechanisms to enhance its interaction with the field for various electricity generation purpose. As a result, when the CCI apparatus is exposed to a timevarying magnetic field, it excels in generating electricity or usable electrical energy. An electricity generation system comprising a CCI apparatus can integrate PEEC modules and EU entities, facilitating an efficient harnessing and utilization of the generated electricity from a time-varying magnetic field. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus can be used to generate electricity or electrical energy for wirelessly transferring power or energy purposes. The CCI apparatus is designed to be versatile in size, possessing flexibility and robust features. In certain embodiments of the present invention, it is well-suited for deployment near or in the vicinity of power lines, overhead power cables, power cords, underground cables, current-carrying conductors or coils, other cables, power equipment, power plants, power station, the Earth, a magnetic field source inside an entity or object, other sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable sources of a time-varying magnetic field. The placement of a CCI apparatus, and where applicable, its associated parts in a relevant system, can be adjustable at various distances 100 (Fig.3) or average distances from a source, facilitating efficiency optimization based on specific requirements. These requirements encompass factors, such as interaction between the apparatus and a time-varying magnetic field, characteristics of the field (e.g., field strength, frequency), spatial considerations, and other relevant aspects. In certain embodiments, the distance 100 (Fig.3) or average distance between the CCI apparatus and source (or sources) can vary, spanning multiples of centimetres (e.g., 5cm, 10cm, 50 cm), decimetres, or even extending to multiple meters (e.g., 2 m, 5 m, 10 m) and beyond. For example, in one embodiment, a CCI apparatus in a substantially elongate form, is positioned near or alongside an overhead power cable, with an average distance of 25 cm. In certain embodiments of the present invention, a CCI apparatus generates an electricity from a time-varying magnetic field of at least one current carrying conductor (e.g., a cable, a wire, or any other suitable current carrying conductor). In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus may generate electricity from the field of a current carrying conductor for large-scale, small-scale, or both applications. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus is exposed to a time-varying or alternating AC magnetic field of a current carrying conductor (e.g., a power cable, atransmission cable, an overhead cable, underground cable, a current carrying conductor in a power equipment or power station, or any other suitable current carrying conductor or source). In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus can be developed or configured to operate near, in proximity of or alongside conductor or cable carrying current ranging from multiple amperes (e.g., 50A, 100A) to multiple thousand amperes (e.g., 1300A, 3000A, 5000A) and beyond. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus is developed or configured to operate near, in proximity of or alongside a current-carrying conductor or cable in a small-scale or miniaturized device. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus may be developed or configured to operate near, in proximity of or alongside a current-carrying conductor with less than or more than one ampere, and beyond. A frequency of a time-varying magnetic field in one embodiment can be in the hertz (Hz), kilohertz (kHz) or Megahertz (MHz) range, with the present invention being applicable across a broad frequency spectrum, spanning from the Hz to MHz, or beyond. The present invention encompasses any frequency that can induce a voltage in a coil of a CCI apparatus, thereby generating a usable electricity. A periodically varying (e.g., sinusoidal, AC) current in an overhead transmission cable induces a time-varying or alternating magnetic fields in its vicinity typically with a frequency of about 50 or 60 Hz. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the output at the coil terminals of a CCI apparatus, characterized as a time-varying (e.g., AC) voltage or power, undergoes conversion to a DC voltage or electrical power, an AC voltage or electrical power, or both, based on specific needs such as requirements of an EU entity. This can be facilitated through coupling components 200 (Fig.3) such as wires, cables, electrical circuits, and wired or wireless devices or systems as well as PEEC modules, to be utilized by at least one EU entity. The PEEC modules include devices like AC / DC, DC / AC or DC / DC converters, rectifier circuits, other voltage or power inverters, converters, voltage or power regulators, multipliers, dividers, other PEEC modules mentioned herein, or any other suitable means aimed at optimizing the output. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus generates an AC voltage or power at its coil terminals, directly usable or transmissible through coupling components and PEEC modules, for utilization by at least one EU entity in the form of an AC voltage tailored to meet a specific need. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus generates an AC voltage or power at its coil terminals, transmissible through coupling components and PEEC modules, for utilization by at least one EU entity in the form of a DC voltage or power tailored to meet a specific need. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus is not limited to containing a single winding or coil set (e.g., more than one elongate conductor forming the coil in a CCI apparatus). A CCI apparatus may incorporate multiple winding or coil sets. Each winding can be electrically isolated, enabling the production of separate or combined electrical outputs while maintaining at least one common CCI apparatus output. In one embodiment, the high-permeability magnetic elements in a CCI apparatus are arranged in a coil configuration, indicating the capability for individual or multiple magnetic elements to be encircled by a coil or winding. Each winding can be electrically isolated, enabling the production of separate or combined electrical outputs, while maintaining at least one common CCI apparatus output. These enhance usability and efficiency in various scenarios and facilitates connections to multiple and diverse EU entities. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus generates AC (i.e., timevarying) voltages or powers at multiple coil terminals, which can be utilized by multiple EU entities in the form of AC, DC, or both, tailored to meet specific needs. While the induced voltage in the coil of a CCI apparatus can typically be measured or evaluated across its terminals, in certain embodiments, measurement or evaluation may also be performed at other points along the electricity generation system. The CCI apparatus generates voltage when exposed to at least one time-varying magnetic field with both strength and a rate of change overtime (e.g., frequency). In certain embodiments of the present invention, a CCI apparatus can be configured in various dimensions or lengths to generate voltage ranging from a fractions of volt, multiple volt (e.g., 10 V, 200 V) to multiple kilovolts (e.g., 2 KV or 10 KV, 700 KV) and beyond when exposed to a field within the frequency (i.e., a rate of change over time) range of Hz or multiple Hz (e.g., averaging 50 or 60 Hz), kHz, MHz or beyond (i.e. a frequency that can efficiently generate voltage in a coil of a CCI apparatus), and magnetic field strengths ranging from fractions of a Tesla to multiple Teslas or beyond. In certain embodiments, a CCI apparatus can be configured in various dimensions or lengths to generate electrical power ranging from fractions of watts, watts (e.g., 0.5 W, 1 W, 10 W, 50 W, or 600 W), kilowatts (e.g., 2 kW, 10 kW, 20 kW, 100 kW, 600 kW) and beyond, when exposed to a field within the frequency range of Hz or multiple Hz (e.g., averaging 50 or 60 Hz), kHz, MHz or beyond (i.e. a frequency or a rate of change over time that can efficiently generate voltage in a coil of a CCI apparatus), and magnetic field strengths ranging from fractions of a Tesla to multiple Teslas or beyond. In certain embodiments, the CCI apparatus is configured in various dimensions such as length, spanning the millimetre range (e.g., 4 mm, 10 mm), the meter range (e.g., 2 m, 4 m, or 300 m) or the kilometre range (e.g., 1 km, 4 km), and even beyond. In certain embodiments of the present invention, substantially elongate CCI apparatuses are configured with a variety of lengths (L), numbers of coil turns, and wire diameters. Each apparatus 21 is created by winding multiple turns of enameled copper wire around a specified three-dimensional volume, forming a coil 22. Multiple high-permeability magnetic elements (element designated by number 23), each cylindrical in shape with a diameter of 1 cm and a length of 9 cm, composed of Mn Zn soft ferrite, are positioned within this volume. These magnetic elements are arranged in a linear array, with one element followed by a 2 cm spacing and then another element. The axis of each metallic element 23 is generally aligned perpendicular to the orientation of the wires forming the coil 22. Surrounding and supporting these magnetic elements is an insulating framework 24, composed of a flexible insulation material in the form of a rectangular prism with dimensions of T = 3.5 cm and W = 9 cm, all within the specified three-dimensional volume. In distinct placements, each CCI apparatus 21 is positioned at various distances 100 from and alongside a power cable 81 arrangement, with each cable 81 carrying an AC peak-to-peak average current of around 1400 amperes at a frequency of 50 Hz, to be exposed to the time-varying or AC magnetic field of the cable arrangement. The high-permeability magnetic elements (element designated by number 23) guide the field's magnetic flux towards and concentrate it within the CCI apparatus 21, amplifying the interaction between the field and the coil 22. The induced voltage is measurable, for instance at the coil terminals 27, indicating that electricity or electrical power is generated from the field. An optimized load, i.e., EU entity 43 with a designed PEEC module 42, connected to the coil terminals 27 utilizes the power output in this electricity generation system. The power output delivered to an EU entity ranges from multiple watts to kilowatts for various combinations of parameters listed in Table 1. Embodiments described here may have a similar CCI apparatus design (refer again to Fig. 2A) and systems (refer again to Figs. 7A and Fig. 7B). Tabled L 1 m, 2 m, 100 m, 300 m The number of coil turns 24, 36, 250, 1000, 2500 Wire diameter 0.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 3 mm, 6.5 mm Distance 100 5 cm, 10 cm, 25 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 200 The magnetic field surrounding high-power overhead cables (e.g., transmission and distribution lines) weakens when increasing distance 100. Its strength near a cable varies from tens to thousands of microteslas (pT) to militeslas (mT), depending on the specific power rating and configuration. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the weight of CCI apparatus 21 can vary based on its configuration and intended use, with specific or average weights for different applications. In certain embodiments, a CCI apparatus configuration comes in various dimensions, including length variations that can spatially cover the entire span or a portion of an exposure magnetic field source or its arrangement, such as a cable setup. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus configuration can extend across distances between support structures, such as pylons or poles (refer again to Fig. 7A, Fig. 7B, Fig. 8A, and Fig. 8B) and can accompany cables or magnetic field source arrangements, such as overhead cables or 3-phase cable setups, at an average distance 100 from the magnetic field source (e.g., cable) or other timevarying magnetic field source arrangements. While each of Fig. 7A, Fig. 7B, Fig. 8A, and Fig. 8B shows a CCI apparatus 21 in one embodiment, it should be noted that a CCI apparatus 21 can be positioned near other cables or sources as a single unit or in groups. This flexibility in placement allows for versatile deployment in various configurations to optimize electricity generation efficiency. Whether spanning the complete distance between support structures or running in shorter lengths, careful consideration and planning is crucial for a safe and efficient installation. Individual instances or groups of CCI apparatus, or other inventive devices within the scope of the present invention, each with a specific or average weight, can be securely attached to support structures, such as pylons and poles, or to other suitable support means (e.g., as illustrated by reference numeral 84 in Fig. 7B and Fig. 8B), using a suitable holder (e.g., holder 85 in Fig. 7A, Fig. 7B, Fig. 8A, and Fig. 8B). A CCI apparatus can be affixed to a support means using specialized holders (e.g., holder 101 in Fig. 10) employing an efficient and adjustable mechanism. Fig. 10 shows an interface between a coil 22 in a CCI apparatus and two holders, highlighting their connection point while excluding the rest of the CCI apparatus for clarity. The selection of these options depends on several factors, such as use, structural integrity, weight, environmental conditions, and ease of installation. In certain embodiments, configured clamps can be designed to provide a secure and stable connection or support, constructed from metal, composites, polymers, or other suitable materials. The selection of materials and configurations is influenced by specific application requirements, such as weight, mechanical compatibility, and electrical safety. In certain embodiments, attachment to a magnetic field source (e.g., cable, a power equipment, a power station, or any other suitable source of a time-varying magnetic field) can be facilitated using a suitable holder, fastener arrangements, or alternative support means and mechanisms. In certain embodiments of the present invention, a coil or coil arrangement in a CCI apparatus can be fabricated and / or composed of conductive materials, including, but not limited to, copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), silver, and Litz wire, considering specific electrical, mechanical, thermal, or efficiency considerations. In certain embodiments, a coil or coil arrangement in a CCI apparatus can be fabricated and / or composed of superconducting materials, including but not limited to niobium-titanium (NbTi) alloy, yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO), or magnesium diboride (MgB2), considering specific electrical, mechanical, thermal, or efficiency considerations. In certain embodiments of the present invention, a CCI apparatus can comprise at least one border (e.g., flange, rim, edge, or any other structure serving a similar purpose) for providing structural support to the CCI apparatus and its associated components, such as coil or coil arrangement. Fig. 11 shows an embodiment of a multiple of a border 111 for a CCI apparatus 21. The border material can be made from various materials to suit the specific mechanical, thermal, or electrical requirements of a CCI apparatus. In one embodiment, a border material may be chosen to match a suitable insulation material, or a different material may be selected based on its specific requirements in another embodiment. In one embodiment, a border may be integrated with an insulating framework or configured separately from it. The selection of material and configuration can be tailored to improve the functionality and efficiency of a CCI apparatus for its intended use and performance in one embodiment. In certain embodiments of the present invention, an enclosure of a CCI apparatus (e.g., a housing, a shielding, or any other suitable enclosure), along with any necessary accompanying components enclosed within, influences the mechanical and electrical performance, efficiency, and protection of the CCI apparatus. By providing durability, reliability, and protection, an enclosure can facilitate optimal performance across diverse operating conditions. An enclosure can be configured to securely enclose a CCI apparatus, along with any necessary accompanying components, enhancing its structural integrity and functioning as an effective shield in certain embodiments. In one embodiment, a shield protects a CCI apparatus, along with any necessary accompanying components, from environmental factors and mechanical stresses. In certain embodiments, various materials may be considered for a housing or enclosure, considering factors such as insulation, protection, and efficiency enhancement properties. Material selection in one embodiment can significantly contribute to the durability, longevity, and efficiency of a CCI apparatus. In certain embodiments, the enclosure or shielding could be made from a non-magnetic material (e.g., EPDM, EPR, Silicone Rubber, or any other suitable non-magnetic material) or a magnetic material, capable of enhancing electricity generation efficiency. The choice between these materials, or a combination thereof, depends on the specific requirements and functionalities of the CCI apparatus within a system. In one embodiment, Fig. 12A shows a CCI apparatus within an enclosure, designated by number 122, with the enclosure 121 shown partially, highlighting the position of the CCI apparatus 21 within. In another embodiment, Fig. 12B shows a CCI apparatus within an enclosure, designated by number 122, with the enclosure 121 shown partially, highlighting the position of the CCI apparatus 21 within. In one embodiment of the present invention, the high-permeability magnetic elements in a CCI apparatus, exposed to a time-varying magnetic field, are positioned with a size and spacing significantly smaller relative to the spatial variation scale of the field, thereby enabling the apparatus to function as a metamaterial. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the induced voltage, generated electrical power output and efficiency of a CCI apparatus, along with its associated parts where applicable, can be optimized for specific applications by adjusting various key parameters. These parameters encompass various aspects, including but not limited to the dimensions, configuration, and placement of the CCI apparatus. They also cover the shape, material composition, properties, positioning, quantity, and dimensions of the high-permeability magnetic elements (e.g., ferromagnetic elements), as well as the elongate conductor (e.g., wire), coil and insulating framework. Additionally, factors such as the number of coil turns, minimization of the magnetic elements eddy current losses (e.g., through solid, structured, or composite elements), EU entity and PEEC modules characteristics, magnetic field properties (e.g., strength, frequency), the distance 100 (Fig. 3), impedance matching, and other relevant considerations also influence the optimization of electricity generation performance in a system. Moreover, the magnetic elements can be tailored to optimize the peak internal magnetic field strength within them. In a CCI apparatus, this can improve the power output of the coil, thereby safeguarding the PEEC modules, and EU entities from performance degradation caused by inordinate current surges from an extreme magnetic field (e.g., those induced by transient high-current lightning strikes or other transient high-voltage spikes). The internal magnetic field strength may be optimized by engineering the magnetic elements (e.g., optimizing core geometries / materials) for saturation at an intended peak magnetic field strength for a specific application. The present invention encompasses various embodiments of systems and apparatuses for the generation of electricity from time-varying magnetic fields. Referring again to Fig. 3, a system 41 includes at least one CCI apparatus 21, featuring an output (e.g., coil terminal 27), designed to generate electricity or usable electrical energy when exposed to a time-varying magnetic field of at least one source 44. Complementing this, a PEEC module 42, or more, can be integrated with both input 46 and output 47. The input of the PEEC module 46 is connected to the output of the CCI apparatus 21 (e.g., coil terminal 27), and the output of the PEEC module 47 is further connected to the EU entity 43. The connections and processes are facilitated through coupling components 200 (e.g., wires, cables, electrical circuits, and wired or wireless devices or systems). In certain embodiments of the present invention, one or more CCI apparatuses, such as arrays or arrangements, are positioned relative to one or more time-varying magnetic field sources (e.g., current carrying conductors, power cables, wires, power equipment, power stations, power cords, other sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable sources of the field) within a system or subsystem to generate electricity from the fields. This relative positioning can include being at a distance from, in proximity to, or unified with one or more sources. Considerations for this positioning include factors such as efficiency, field strength, interaction with the field and spatial considerations, all aimed at facilitating electricity generation, utilization, and distribution according to specific operational requirements and operational environment. In one embodiment, at least one CCI apparatus (e.g., multiple apparatuses) is positioned near or alongside at least one current carrying conductor or power cable of a 3-phase transmission line, or at least one current carrying conductor or cable at a pylon. Fig. 13 shows a multiple of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure 122 positioned alongside cables (cable designated by number 81) at two pylons (pylon designated by number 82). A CCI apparatus within an enclosure 122 (Fig. 13) may have a design similar to the one shown previously in Fig. 12 A. In one embodiment, at least one CCI apparatus (e.g., multiple apparatuses) is positioned near or alongside at least one current carrying conductor or cable at a pole. Fig. 14 shows a multiple of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure 122 positioned alongside cables (cable designated by number 81) at three poles (pole designated by number 83). A CCI apparatus within an enclosure 122 (Fig. 14) may have a design similar to the one shown previously in Fig. 12 A. In one embodiment, at least one CCI apparatus (e.g., multiple apparatuses) is positioned near or alongside at least one source of a time-varying magnetic field (such as a power equipment, a power plant, a power station, an MRI equipment, current carrying conductor, a cable, other sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable sources of the field). Fig. 15A shows a multiple of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure 122 positioned near a source 44. A CCI apparatus within an enclosure 122 (Fig. 15A) may have a CCI apparatus design similar to the one shown previously in Fig. 2C. Fig. 15B shows a multiple of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure 122 positioned near a source 44. A CCI apparatus within an enclosure 122 (Fig. 15B) may have a CCI apparatus design similar to the one shown previously in Fig. 21. Fig. 15C shows a multiple of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure 122 positioned near a source 44. A CCI apparatus within an enclosure 122 (Fig. 15C) may have a CCI apparatus design similar to the one shown previously in Fig. 21. In one embodiment, at least one CCI apparatus can be strategically positioned near at least one dormant time-varying magnetic field source, generating voltage or electricity from its field when the source becomes active. The positioning of an EU entities, together with its related components when relevant (e.g., a PEEC module, electrical circuits), within a system, may vary based on factors such as size, function, spatial constraints, and efficiency. For example, in one embodiment, a battery or capacitor, serving as an EU entity, may be positioned near a support structure (e.g., at the foot or middle of a pylon or pole) or integrated with a pylon or a pole. In one embodiment, a grid, a house, an electricity distribution network, or an infrastructure may function as an EU entity. Alternatively, a sensor positioned in a relevant location can serve as an EU entity. Moreover, an EU entity may also be integrated with the source (e.g., illumination devices or sensors integrated with a cable or power equipment as a source) in another embodiment. These are non-limiting embodiments, and the present invention encompasses a wide variety of other electrical devices that can function as EU entities within a system. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the separation (or the distance) between at least one CCI apparatus and at least one source of a time-varying magnetic field within a system can be reduced to millimetre range or less, thereby facilitating integration. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus, positioned in very close proximity integrates with a source, including but not limited to, a current carrying object or conductor, a power cable, a wire, a transmission power cable, a power equipment, a power plant, a power station, oscillating permanent magnets, other sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable sources of the field. This CCI apparatus integrated with a magnetic field source (CAIMFS), designated by reference numeral 161 in an electricity generation system 41 in Fig. 16, can generate electricity from the time-varying magnetic field of the integrated source 44, an external source (e.g., an external cable, an external power equipment, external oscillating permanent magnets, other sources mentioned herein, or any other suitable sources of the field), or both. In one embodiment, a CAIMFS 161 within an enclosure (e.g., a shield), designated by number 183, is shown in Fig. 17. The enclosure 121 is shown partially, highlighting the position of the apparatus 21 and the source within. A CCI apparatus 21 (Fig. 17) may have a design similar to the one shown previously in Fig. 21. Moreover, in certain embodiments, a CCI apparatus positioned in very close proximity integrates with a current-carrying conductor, including but not limited to, a power cable, a wire, a transmission power cable, or any other suitable current-carrying conductor (i.e., a source of atime-varying magnetic field). A CCI apparatus integrated with a current-carrying conductor (CAICCC), designated by number 161 in Fig. 18, can generate electricity from the time-varying magnetic field of the integrated current carrying conductor 61 (e.g. an integrated cable, an integrated wire, an integrated transmission power cable or any other suitable integrated source), an external source (e.g., an external cable, an external power equipment, or any other suitable external source) or both. A CAIMFS can serve dual purposes of electricity generation and electricity transmission in one embodiment. In one embodiment, a power cable is employed as the integrated current-carrying conductor 61 in a CAICCC 161 (Fig. 18). In this integration, the integrated cable transmits an electricity, while the CCI apparatus 21 can generate electricity from the cable's field, an external field or both. Therefore, in one embodiment, a CAICCC, which excels in both transmitting electricity and generating electricity, can be utilized as a superior alternative to a traditional cable or power cable. In another embodiment, a CAICCC can be positioned near an external source such as an external power cable or power equipment to generate electricity from its field. In one embodiment, a CCI apparatus is attached to a source using a suitable fastening mechanism. In one embodiment, a fastener 182 attaching a CCI apparatus 21 to a current-carrying conductor 61 (e.g., a cable), is shown in Fig. 18. In one embodiment, Fig. 19 shows a CAICCC within an enclosure (e.g., a shield), designated by number 183. The enclosure 121 is shown partially, highlighting the position of the apparatus 21 and the conductor 61 within. A CAICCC 161 (Fig. 19) may have a design similar to the one shown in Fig. 18. In one embodiment, a CAICCC can be securely attached to support structures (e.g., pylon, poles, or other suitable support means) using a suitable mechanism such as holders or fasteners. In one embodiment, a CAICCC within an enclosure 183 may have a design similar to the one shown in Fig. 19. In one embodiment, at least one CAICCC within an enclosure 183 (e.g., a multiple of a CAICCC within an enclosure) is attached to at least one pylon 82, as shown in Fig. 20. In one embodiment, at least one CAICCC within an enclosure 183 (e.g., a multiple of a CAICCC within an enclosure) is attached to at least one pole 83, as shown in Fig. 21. In one embodiment, at least one CAICCC within an enclosure 183 is attached to a support means (e.g., as illustrated by reference numeral 84 in Fig. 22). In one embodiment, at least one CAICCC within an enclosure 183, as an alternative to a power cord, is attached to at least one appliance 72 such as TVs, laptops, and refrigerators, as shown in Fig. 23. In certain embodiments of the present invention, a CCI apparatus can be configured in various sizes, enabling a balance between efficiency and compactness. Due to this configurable nature, the CCI apparatus is suitable for individual or collective positioning within or integration with diverse devices, modules, or entities (e.g., a human body, a vehicle). The CCI apparatus can be coupled with its associated components, such as EU entity or PEEC module (e.g., power management circuits, rectification circuits, other PEEC modules mentioned herein, or any other suitable PEEC module) within an electricity generation system. These components can be positioned individually or in combination, inside or outside the entity, depending on the spatial, performance and application requirements. In these configurations, the CCI apparatus is exposed to a compatible time-varying magnetic field with a frequency range capable of inducing voltage in its coil (e.g., HZ, KHZ, MHZ, or any suitable frequency) and generating usable electrical power for an intended application. For example, the performance of a compact CCI apparatus in an implantable medical device can be evaluated in a controlled laboratory environment, using tissue samples or tissue-mimicking materials to be placed within the human body. By enabling efficient electricity generation from a time-varying magnetic field, a CCI apparatus can power an EU entity (e.g., a chargeable device, a compatible medical implant, a microchip, a battery, or any suitable EU entity) or it can be used for treatment purposes. In a certain embodiment, a CCI apparatus can be configured for powering an EU entity (e.g., a vehicle). A source of a time-varying magnetic field could be a dedicated source (e.g., dedicated coils for wireless charging, oscillating permanent magnets generating a time-varying magnetic field, a source mentioned herein, or any other suitable source of a time-varying magnetic field). In one embodiment, Fig. 24 shows a multiple of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure (CCI apparatus within an enclosure designated by number 122) positioned inside a transparent body 240. In another embodiment, Fig. 25 shows a multiple of a CCI apparatus within an enclosure (CCI apparatus within an enclosure designated by number 122) positioned inside a transparent car 250. An EU entity is not limited to a human body or a car. Similar considerations can apply to embodiments in a wider range of modules and EU entities, including but not limited to warehouses, homes, vehicles (cars, airplanes, boats, drones, trains), satellites, industrial plants, medical facilities (Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI, equipment), electrical systems, agricultural settings, underwater installations, underground installations, space stations, mobile platforms, remote outposts, and any other suitable entity. A suitable design of an CCI apparatus may be implemented similarly or consistently with any applicable embodiment within the scope of the present invention, including, but not limited to, those embodiments described herein. The forgoing description is intended to illustrate and describe the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Alternations, modifications, and variations may be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Features and aspects of the described embodiments may be interchanged, alone or in combination.

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