Triggerable mechanism for self destruction of fragile structure and closed vessel, and fragment storage constituent

Abstract

To provide a triggerable mechanism for self destruction of a fragile structure and a closed vessel and a fragment storage constituent, and related system and method.SOLUTION: The present invention comprises a fragile structure 104 which is coupled or integrated to at least a part of a device 100, and a triggerable mechanism 101 located on or in vicinity of the fragile structure. The triggerable mechanism is so configured as to break the fragile structure according to a trigger signal. A storage structure 106 is located on at least a part of the fragile structure or above the same. The storage structure is so configured as to enable deformation or shape change of at least a part of the fragile structure in response to breakage of the fragile structure while putting together substantially all fragments of at least a part of the broken fragile structure.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] (STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT) This invention is based upon work supported by DARPA under Contract No. DARPA-OOT-DUST-Float-Rsrc. The Government has certain rights in this invention.

[0002] FIELD OF THEINVENTION FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE This disclosure relates generally to triggerable mechanisms and fragment containment arrangements for self-destructing frangible structures and enclosures, and related systems and methods. [Background technology]

[0003] Systems and structures that can physically self-destruct in a controlled, triggerable manner are useful in a variety of applications, such as waste reduction, maintaining supply chain integrity, scuttling buoys, and / or waste recycling. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Some embodiments are directed to an apparatus including a frangible structure coupled or integral to at least a portion of the apparatus, and a triggerable mechanism disposed at or proximate to the frangible structure, the triggerable mechanism configured to break the frangible structure in response to a trigger signal, and a containment structure disposed at or above at least a portion of the frangible structure, the containment structure configured to hold together substantially all pieces of at least a portion of the broken frangible structure while allowing at least a portion of the frangible structure to deform or change shape in response to the breakage of the frangible structure.

[0005] Some embodiments are directed to a method including receiving a trigger signal by an apparatus comprising a frangible structure, breaking the frangible structure with a triggerable mechanism of the apparatus in response to the trigger signal, and allowing at least a portion of the frangible structure to deform or change shape in response to the breaking of the frangible structure while holding together substantially all pieces of at least a portion of the broken frangible structure with a containment structure disposed on or above at least a portion of the frangible structure.

[0006] Some embodiments are directed to an apparatus comprising a frangible structure coupled or integral to at least a portion of the apparatus and comprising a pre-weakened region, a triggerable mechanism disposed at or proximate to the pre-weakened region, the triggerable mechanism configured to cause the pre-weakened region to break in response to a trigger signal.

[0007] The above summary is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present disclosure. The figures and the detailed description that follow more particularly exemplify example embodiments. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] Throughout this specification, reference is made to the accompanying drawings. [Figure 1] 1 illustrates an apparatus comprising a structure including a triggerable mechanism configured to break a predetermined breakable region of the structure and a fragment containment structure, according to various embodiments. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a triggerable mechanism suitable for incorporation into any of the structures disclosed herein, according to various embodiments. [Diagram 3] 1 illustrates an apparatus comprising a structure including a triggerable mechanism configured to break a predetermined breakable region of the structure and a fragment containment structure, according to various embodiments. [Figure 4] 1 illustrates an apparatus comprising a structure and fragment containment structure arrangement including multiple triggerable mechanisms configured to break multiple predefined breakable regions of the structure, according to various embodiments. [Diagram 5] 1 illustrates an apparatus comprising a structure including a triggerable mechanism configured to break a pre-weakened region of the structure, according to various embodiments. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 illustrates a chemically weakened portion of the pre-weakened region shown in FIG. 5 . [Figure 7A] 1 illustrates a mechanical actuator assembly according to various embodiments. [Figure 7B] 1 illustrates a mechanical actuator assembly according to various embodiments. [Figure 7C] 1 illustrates a mechanical actuator assembly according to various embodiments. [Figure 7D] 1 illustrates a mechanical actuator assembly according to various embodiments. [Figure 7E] 1 illustrates a mechanical actuator assembly according to various embodiments. [Figure 7F] 1 illustrates a mechanical actuator assembly according to various embodiments. [Figure 7G] 1 illustrates a mechanical actuator assembly according to various embodiments. [Figure 8] 1 illustrates a mechanical actuator assembly according to various embodiments. [Figure 9A] 13A-13C illustrate various embodiments for wrapping a pre-looped string around a resistor heater of a mechanical actuator assembly. [Figure 9B] 13A-13C illustrate various embodiments for wrapping a pre-looped string around a resistor heater of a mechanical actuator assembly. [Figure 9C] 13A-13C illustrate various embodiments for wrapping a pre-looped string around a resistor heater of a mechanical actuator assembly. [Figure 10A] 13A-13C illustrate configurations of triggerable mechanisms with electrically actuated pressure devices, according to various embodiments. [Figure 10B] 13A-13C illustrate configurations of triggerable mechanisms with electrically actuated pressure devices, according to various embodiments. [Figure 11]13A-13C illustrate configurations of a triggerable mechanism that includes an electrically actuated pressure device, according to various embodiments. [Figure 12] 13A-13C illustrate configurations of triggerable mechanisms with electrically actuated pressure devices, according to various embodiments. [Figure 13A] 13A-13C illustrate configurations of a triggerable mechanism that includes an electrically actuated pressure device, according to various embodiments. [Figure 13B] 13A-13C illustrate configurations of a triggerable mechanism that includes an electrically actuated pressure device, according to various embodiments. [Figure 13C] 13A-13C illustrate configurations of a triggerable mechanism that includes an electrically actuated pressure device, according to various embodiments. [Figure 13D] 13A-13C illustrate configurations of triggerable mechanisms with electrically actuated pressure devices, according to various embodiments. [Figure 13E] 13A-13C illustrate configurations of triggerable mechanisms with electrically actuated pressure devices, according to various embodiments. [Figure 14A] 13A-13C illustrate configurations of a triggerable mechanism that includes an electrically actuated pressure device, according to various embodiments. [Figure 14B] 13A-13C illustrate configurations of a triggerable mechanism that includes an electrically actuated pressure device, according to various embodiments.

[0009] The drawings are not necessarily to scale. Like numbers used in the drawings refer to like components. However, it will be understood that the use of a number to refer to a component in a given drawing is not intended to limit the component in another drawing labeled with the same number. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0010] The embodiments disclosed herein relate to techniques for breaking a structure into smaller pieces in a controlled and triggerable manner, and for retaining substantially all of the smaller pieces together. Fragile structures made of glass, especially when strengthened by, for example, chemical ion exchange or thermal quenching, can be structurally very strong and become increasingly difficult to break with increasing thickness. Many applications require the robustness or rigidity of, for example, thicker glass. As discussed below, triggerable mechanisms that can reliably and controllably fracture fragile structures, especially thick fragile structures, include mechanical and pressure devices that can be actuated by a trigger source operably coupled to a power source. The mechanical actuator assemblies and electrically actuated pressure devices disclosed herein can be physically small and lightweight, yet provide operational robustness that avoids unintentional triggering.

[0011] Many enclosed systems, such as sensor buoys and air vessels, require controlled scuttling so that they are sunk after their useful life and removed from their normal operating environment. Many of these systems utilize wall structures made of rigid shells such as metal, glass, wood, cardboard, or plastic that must be breached to allow water or air to flow into or out of their enclosed chambers in order to sink the buoy or vessel. A significant challenge is to provide a mechanism for scuttling such vessels in a simple, low-cost, safe and reliable manner.

[0012] Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to an electrically actuated mechanical actuator assembly and an electrically actuated pressure device, respectively, configured to damage or destroy a fragile structure or a weakened area of ​​a rigid structure. The electrically actuated mechanical actuator assembly and the electrically actuated pressure device may be configured to damage or destroy a fragile portion of a fragile container or a container configured to float. The electrically actuated mechanical actuator assembly and the electrically actuated pressure device may also be configured to damage or destroy a stand-alone fragile structure that is not configured to float.

[0013] It can be appreciated that damaging, breaking, or destroying a fragile structure or a weakened area of ​​a rigid structure may generate fragments that scatter over a wide area. These fragments may be energetic and may damage nearby objects or injure people. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a structure including at least one weakened area and an electrically actuated mechanical actuator assembly or an electrically actuated pressure device includes a containment structure configured to prevent or limit scattering of the broken fragments when the weakened area is broken by the mechanical actuator assembly or pressure device.

[0014] According to various embodiments, the containment structure comprises an outer layer disposed on or over the frangible structure or area of ​​weakness. The outer layer is configured to substantially capture and / or prevent the broken pieces from scattering freely. The containment structure may be in the form of an adhesive coating, a hard shell, or a flexible packaging material. For example, the adhesive coating may be painted, sprayed, laminated, injected, taped, or dipped onto the frangible structure or area of ​​weakness and may take the form of a material such as liquid rubber, epoxy, or tape. The adhesive coating may be applied to the entire structure to be broken or only to selected areas.

[0015] Alternatively, or additionally, the containment structure may include a rigid shell attached to the structure to be broken to form a barrier, so that fragments from the broken structure are substantially blocked from passing to the other side of the shell. The shell may take the form of a material such as metal, plastic, wood, or cardboard. In addition to rigid shells, the containment structure may also be in the form of a flexible wrap, such as cloth, rubber, foam, or a plastic tarp.

[0016] In the context of the electrically actuated mechanical actuator assembly of the present disclosure, when actuated by a trigger source operably coupled to a power source, the mechanical actuator assembly forces an impact member to move into contact with a weakened portion of a structure (which may be, for example, all or only an area or multiple areas of the structure) and breaks, destroys, or shatters the weakened portion. For example, a buoy or other floatable vessel may include a tempered glass window on which a mechanical actuator assembly is mounted. When actuated, the mechanical actuator assembly breaks the tempered glass window into small pieces due to residual internal stresses induced by the tempering. The small glass residues create unobstructed openings in the walls of the buoy or vessel that allow for rapid submersion of the buoy or vessel. A containment structure disposed above the weakened portion of the structure prevents or limits scattering of the glass small pieces when the weakened area is broken by the mechanical actuator assembly.

[0017] In the context of the electrically actuated pressure device of the present disclosure, when activated by a trigger source operably coupled to a power source, the pressure device is configured to generate a localized force that breaks a weakened portion of the structure (e.g., it may be all or only a region or regions of the structure) to break, fracture, or shatter the weakened portion. The pressure device assembly is configured to generate a localized force in response to activation of a gas-releasing material by an electrical initiator coupled to the power source. For example, a buoy or other floatable vessel may include a tempered glass window on which the pressure device assembly is mounted. When activated, the pressure device assembly breaks the tempered glass window into small pieces due to residual internal stresses induced by the tempering. The small glass residues create unobstructed openings in the walls of the buoy or vessel that allow for rapid submersion of the buoy or vessel. A containment structure disposed above the weakened portion of the structure prevents or limits scattering of the glass small pieces when the weakened area is broken by the pressure device.

[0018] In various embodiments, the electrically actuated mechanical actuator assembly and the electrically actuated pressure device can each be configured to break a fragile structure (e.g., a sheet of fragile material) that is greater than about 0.5 mm in thickness. For example, the thickness of the fragile structure can range from about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm (e.g., about 0.5 mm, about 1 mm, about 2 mm), or even greater than 2 mm. In some embodiments, the fragile portion of the structure can be broken into multiple small pieces, e.g., pieces having length, width, and height dimensions greater than about 10 mm, greater than about 900 μm, less than about 500 μm, or even less than about 100 μm.

[0019] Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a mechanical actuator assembly configured to break a predetermined breakable area of ​​a structure to which the mechanical actuator assembly is attached. The mechanical actuator assembly includes a spring arrangement and an impact member coupled to the spring arrangement. The mechanical actuator assembly also includes a restraining member operably coupled to the spring arrangement. The trigger source is operably coupled to a power source. In some embodiments, the trigger source includes a heat source operably coupled to the power source and in thermal contact with the restraining member. In other embodiments, the trigger source includes an electromagnetic solenoid configured to actuate a component (e.g., a sharp object or a cutting member) that breaks the restraining member. In further embodiments, the trigger source includes an electrostatic device configured to apply a voltage to a sharp electrode to create a large electric field.

[0020] The trigger source is configured to release or break the restraining member in response to receiving an electric current from the power source such that the spring arrangement can force the impact member to move into contact with the predetermined breakable region and break the predetermined breakable region. The mechanical actuator assembly can be actuated in response to an activation signal generated locally (e.g., via a timer or sensor signal) or remotely (e.g., via a remotely generated RF signal). Breaking the predetermined breakable region of the structure by the mechanical actuator assembly can facilitate the ingress or ejection of liquids, gases, or solids into and / or out of the structure.

[0021] Some embodiments are directed to a mechanical actuator assembly that includes a spring steel member secured to a base. The spring steel member is cocked away from the base with a string having a portion wrapped around a heating element. When the heating element is electrically activated, the string breaks, releasing the mechanical energy of the spring steel member, which then presses an attached sharp point against a breakable component on the wall of a vessel, container, or other structure. The broken area allows water or air to enter or exit the vessel, container, or structure.

[0022] Another embodiment is directed to a mechanical actuator assembly that includes a torsion spring fixed to a base. The torsion spring is cocked toward the base with a string having a portion wrapped around a heating element. When the heating element is electrically activated, the string breaks, releasing the mechanical energy of the torsion spring, which then presses an attached sharp tip against a breakable component on the wall of a vessel, container, or other structure. The broken area allows water or air to enter or exit the vessel, container, or structure.

[0023] An embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to an electrically actuated pressure device configured to rupture a predetermined rupturable region of a structure to which the pressure device is attached. The electrically actuated pressure device includes a bonding surface and an interior space. The bonding surface, including a bonding agent, bonds the pressure device to a surface of the structure at or proximate to the predetermined rupturable region. The bonding agent and bonding surface are configured to bond a pressure vessel to a bonding location on the surface of the structure with a bond force greater than a fracture limit of the predetermined rupturable region of the structure across a cross-sectional area bounded by an inner periphery of the interior space of the pressure vessel at the bonding surface. In general, the fracture limit is the force at which the rupturable region of the structure breaks.

[0024] According to some embodiments, the electrically actuated pressure device is configured as a pressure vessel containing a gas-releasing material. An electrical initiator is configured to heat the gas-releasing material to an activation temperature of the gas-releasing material when triggered. Activation of the gas-releasing material causes a rapid release of gas. The rapid release of gas within the pressure vessel creates a localized pressure that is firmly bonded to a surface of a structure at or proximate to the predetermined breakable region and breaks at least the predetermined breakable region of the structure. The broken region of the predetermined breakable region allows water or air to enter or exit the structure, container, or vessel.

[0025] FIG. 1 illustrates an apparatus 100 including a structure 102 including a predetermined breakable region 104, according to various embodiments. The predetermined breakable region 104 defines a weakened portion or portions of the structure 102. In some implementations, the predetermined breakable region 104 defines only a portion, but not the entirety, of the structure 102. For example, the predetermined breakable region 104 can be realized as a weakened region (e.g., a window region) integrated into a rigid (e.g., non-weakened) wall of the structure 102. In other implementations, the predetermined breakable region 104 defines a majority (e.g., >90%) or the entirety of the structure 102. For example, the structure 102 can be realized as a vessel or container defined or contained by a weak wall or walls and a cover structure (e.g., a glass vessel or buoy) configured to float (e.g., a so-called drifter).

[0026] The triggerable mechanism 101 is disposed within the structure 102. In some embodiments, the triggerable mechanism 101 includes an electrically actuated mechanical actuator. In other embodiments, the triggerable mechanism 101 includes an electrically actuated pressure device. The triggerable mechanism 101 is disposed at or proximate to a predetermined breakable region 104 of the structure 102 and includes or is operably coupled to a trigger source including a power source (e.g., a conventional battery or other power source, discussed below). In the case of a rechargeable battery, the structure 102 can include or support a solar cell or solar cell array configured to charge the rechargeable battery.

[0027] In response to receiving current from the power source, the trigger source actuates the triggerable mechanism 101, which forces the predetermined breakable region 104 to break. The containment structure 106 is disposed over all or at least a portion of the predetermined breakable region 104. The containment structure 106 is configured to prevent or limit scattering of broken fragments when the frangible material in the predetermined breakable region 104 is broken by the triggerable mechanism 101.

[0028] 2 illustrates a triggerable mechanism 201 suitable for incorporation into any of the structures disclosed herein, according to various embodiments. The triggerable mechanism 201 includes a breaking device 214 that may be disposed at or proximate to a predetermined breakable region 104 of the structure 102 shown in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, the breaking device 214 includes an electrically actuated mechanical actuator. In other embodiments, the breaking device 214 includes an electrically actuated pressure device. The triggerable mechanism 201 also includes or is operably coupled to a power source 218. In response to receiving current from the power source 218, the triggerable mechanism 201 is energized and, in response, actuates the breaking device 214.

[0029] 1, the predetermined breakable region 104 can define one or more weakened portions of a portion or the entire structure 102. For example, the predetermined breakable region 104 can include less than a majority (e.g., <50%, such as <40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, or 5%), more than a majority (e.g., >50%), nearly the entirety (e.g., >80%, such as >85%, 90%, 95%, or 98%), or the entirety (100%) of the structure 102. The breaking device 214 generates a force sufficient to break the predetermined breakable region 104 of the structure 102.

[0030] According to various embodiments in which the triggerable mechanism 201 includes an electrically operated mechanical actuator, the breaking device 214 includes a spring arrangement and an impact member, examples of which are described in detail below. The spring arrangement may include at least one of a torsion spring and a spring steel member. It is understood that other types of spring mechanisms and objects (e.g., leaf springs, cantilever springs, plastic plates) that may be configured to generate a spring force are contemplated. The spring arrangement includes or supports an impact member, such as a mechanical member configured to provide a large force or impact applied for a short period of time to the predetermined breakable area 104. The impact member may include at least one of a metal or other rigid member with a sharp, tapered, reinforced, or hardened end (e.g., a screw, nail, pin, spike, punch, tack, peg, hammer-like member), according to various embodiments. According to various embodiments, the electrically actuated mechanical actuator includes a trigger source including at least one of an electrical resistive heater (e.g., a resistor such as a metal foil resistor or a carbon film resistor), an electric match, an arc writer, a plasma writer, and a semiconductor laser. According to various embodiments, the power source 218 can include at least one of a battery, a DC power source, an AC power source, a supercapacitor, and an electromagnetically coupled charge power source.

[0031] The triggerable mechanism 201 may include a trigger mechanism comprising a trigger signal circuit operatively coupled to the power source 218 and configured to generate a trigger signal 222. In some embodiments, the trigger mechanism includes a receiver 226, such as an RF receiver (e.g., a satellite receiver) configured to receive a trigger signal generated from a remote signal source 230 (e.g., a communication satellite). The trigger signal circuit may alternatively or additionally include a timer and / or one or more sensors configured to generate the trigger signal 222. For example, the trigger signal 222 may be generated by the trigger signal circuit in response to expiration of a predetermined period of time (e.g., days, weeks, months, years) or in response to a sensor signal generated by one or more on-board sensors (e.g., a signal generated by an on-board GPS sensor in response to detecting a position of the floating structure 102 outside a predefined geofence area).

[0032] In some implementations, the trigger signal circuitry may include a switch that can be remotely controlled, allowing the destruction of the structure 102 to be triggered from a location remote from the structure 102 (e.g., remote signal source 230). In such an embodiment, the wireless signal actuates the switch to connect the power source 218 to the trigger source. In some implementations, the switch includes a MOSFET transistor that can be turned on or off by applying a bias voltage to the gate of the transistor. In another implementation, the switch may be a silicon controlled rectifier that can be turned on by applying a small current to one of its terminals. In a further implementation, the switch may be a mechanical relay switch.

[0033] 3 illustrates an apparatus 300 including a structure 302 that may define a vessel, container, receptable, repository, holder, carrier, basin, tank, barrel, canister, drum, or other structure configured to contain or hold a liquid, gas, or solid (collectively referred to herein as the structure for convenience). The structure 302 includes a cover 305 and a wall 304 connected or coupled to the cover 305. A void 307 is defined in the space between the wall 304 and the cover 305. According to various embodiments, a liquid, gas, or solid may be disposed in the void 307 of the structure 302. In the case of a drifter embodiment, air or other inert gas may be contained in the void 307 of the structure 302. The mechanical connection or bond between the cover 305 and the wall 304 includes a sealing member or material, such as one or a combination of sealing tapes and sealing adhesives described herein. The mechanical connection or coupling between the cover 305 and the wall 304 is preferably a watertight connection or coupling for the drifter embodiment as well as other embodiments.

[0034] The wall 304 includes one or more predefined breakable regions 306. Each of the predefined breakable regions 306 includes a frangible structure that is coupled or integral to at least a portion of the wall 304. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the breakable regions 306 may be coupled or integral to the cover 305. In some embodiments, the structure 302 is configured to float in a liquid, such as water. For example, the structure 302 may be configured as a drifter to float in an ocean, sea, lake, or other body of water.

[0035] The triggerable mechanism 301 is disposed at or proximate to a predetermined breakable region 306. The triggerable mechanism 301 is disposed within a void 307 of the structure 302 and is mounted or supported on the wall 304 at or proximate to the predetermined breakable region 306. According to some embodiments, the predetermined breakable region 306 may define a portion, but not the entirety, of the wall 304 at or proximate to the location of the triggerable mechanism 301. For example, the wall 304 may be formed from a rigid material such as metal (e.g., stainless steel), plastic glass, wood, or a laminate or composite material. The predetermined breakable region 306 may include a sheet of frangible material according to any of the embodiments discussed herein.

[0036] In various embodiments, the predetermined breakable region 306 can define a small portion (e.g., <50%), a large portion (e.g., >50%), or the entirety of the wall 304. In further embodiments, the predetermined breakable region 306 can define a small portion, a large portion, or the entirety of the wall 304, and in addition, all or a portion of the cover 305. Although shown positioned along a side region of the wall 304, the triggerable mechanism 301 can be positioned at any location(s) of the wall 304 (e.g., near or at the bottom of the wall 304).

[0037] As previously discussed, triggerable mechanism 301 is configured, when actuated, to generate sufficient force to rupture predetermined rupturable region 306, thereby facilitating the ingress and / or egress of liquids, gases, or solids into and / or from structure 302. According to embodiments in which device 300 is embodied as a drifter or other floating device, triggerable mechanism 301 is configured, when actuated, in response to a trigger signal to rupture frangible structure(s) of the drifter, thereby causing the drifter to lose buoyancy, thereby causing the drifter to sink.

[0038] According to some embodiments, the structure 302 can include an electronics / sensor package. The electronics / sensor package can operate substantially independently from one or more triggerable mechanisms 301. In some implementations, the electronics / sensor package can include a receiver, such as the receiver 226 shown in FIG. 2, configured to receive a trigger signal 222 for actuating the triggerable mechanism 301. The electronics / sensor package can function as a backup power source or a primary power source for the triggerable mechanism 301. The electronics / sensor package can include a wide variety of electronic devices and / or sensors. For example, the electronics / sensor package may include one or more of a sea surface temperature sensor (SST), a high resolution sea surface temperature sensor (HRSST), a barometric pressure sensor, a drogue presence sensor, a probe sensor, a conductivity / temperature data logger, a GPS sensor, a wireless RF transmitter or transceiver, a satellite communication transmitter or transceiver (e.g., an IRIDIUM satellite communication device for transmitting sensor data and other data), a salinity sensor, a fluorescence sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a pCO2 sensor, and a low radar echo sensor to reduce the risk of collision or interference with surface craft.

[0039] The containment structure 308 is disposed on or above at least a portion of the frangible structures (e.g., predetermined frangible regions 306) of the wall 304 and / or cover 305. In some embodiments, the containment structure 308 is disposed on or above the entire wall 304 and / or cover 305 that includes the one or more predetermined frangible regions 306. In other embodiments, the containment structure 308 is disposed only on or above the section(s) of the wall 304 and / or cover 305 that includes the one or more predetermined frangible regions 306 (e.g., multiple containment structures 308 disposed on or above multiple frangible structures of the structure 302).

[0040] The containment structure 308 is configured to hold together substantially all of the pieces of at least a portion of the broken frangible structure while allowing at least a portion of the frangible structure to deform or change shape in response to breaking of the frangible structure. For example, a containment structure 308 disposed at or above a predetermined breakable region 306 of a wall 304 or cover 305 is configured to hold together substantially all of the pieces of the broken frangible structure while allowing the predetermined breakable region 3062 to deform or change shape in response to breaking the frangible structure at the predetermined breakable region 306.

[0041] According to some embodiments, the containment structure 308 is configured to substantially confine pieces of a broken frangible structure at a predetermined breakable region 306 within the containment structure 308. For example, the containment structure 308 can comprise a rigid or semi-rigid shell disposed over or on at least a portion of the frangible structure at the predetermined breakable region 306. For example, the shell can include one or a combination of plastic, metal, laminate, and composite materials. As a further example, the containment structure 308 can include a flexible material disposed over or on at least a portion of the frangible structure at the predetermined breakable region 306.

[0042] In some embodiments, the containment structure 308 comprises an adhesive coating disposed on or over at least a portion of the frangible structure in the predefined breakable region 306. Suitable adhesive coatings may include any of those disclosed below. In other embodiments, the containment structure 308 comprises an overly material configured to hold together substantially all of the fragments while allowing at least a portion of the frangible structure in the predefined breakable region 3062 to deform or change shape in response to frangibility of the frangible structure. In further embodiments, the containment structure 308 comprises a patterned overlay layer configured to keep some of the fragments of the frangible structure broken in the predefined breakable region 306 attached to one or more specific regions of the frangible structure while allowing other fragments to disperse to other regions of the frangible structure.

[0043] As previously mentioned, and according to some embodiments, the device 300 includes at least one frangible structure in the predetermined frangible region 306 and at least one non-frangible structure (e.g., a non-weakened portion of the wall 304 and / or cover 305), with the containment structure 308 disposed over or above the frangible structure. According to other embodiments, the device 300 includes at least one frangible structure in the predetermined frangible region 306 and at least one non-frangible structure, with the containment structure 308 disposed over or above only a portion, but not the entirety, of the frangible structure. In such embodiments, the containment structure 308 is configured to allow at least a portion of the frangible structure to deform or change shape in response to frangibility of the frangible structure while still holding together substantially all of the pieces.

[0044] In various implementations, the frangible structure in the predetermined breakable region 306 includes a sheet of frangible material. The sheet of frangible material can be made of a fragile or weak material such as glass (e.g., standard or reinforced), ceramic, plastic, wood or metal or gypsum laminate filler, clay, porcelain, and / or metal. The glass sheet of frangible material can include one or more of cast glass, slump glass, unstrengthened glass, strengthened glass, heat strengthened glass, ion-exchanged glass, soda-lime glass, lead glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, alkali-aluminosilicate glass, silica glass, and sodium-rich glass. Although the structure 302 can be complex and include many different materials and shapes, the frangible material can be disposed in one or more predetermined breakable regions 306, each including a void in the structure 302, and covering the void in the structure 302.

[0045] According to various embodiments, the predetermined frangible area 306 provided at one or more locations of the structure 302 (e.g., the wall 304 and / or the cover 305) comprises a void within the structure 302. A sheet of frangible material is disposed above and extends across the void. The sheet of frangible material is secured above the void by a sealing tape, a sealing adhesive, or a combination of a sealing tape and a sealing adhesive. Various types of conventional and / or waterproof sealing tapes and / or sealant adhesives can be used according to any embodiment disclosed herein. Various configurations for sealably securing a frangible structure above a void in the structure 302 to define a predetermined frangible region 306, as well as other structures and features that may be incorporated into any of the embodiments disclosed herein, are disclosed in commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17,128,714, filed concurrently on December 21, 2020, with attorney docket number 20190909US01 / 0600.337US01, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

[0046] Suitable sealing tapes and / or sealant adhesives include those containing polyurethane, silicone, MSP (modified silane polymer) and / or butyl rubber chemistries. Suitable sealing tapes include, for example, those containing highly concentrated rubber-based adhesives. Suitable sealing tapes include those available from the following manufacturers: Gorilla®, T-Rex®, SolutioNerd®, Tape Ninja®, X-Treme Tape®, and Scotch®. Suitable sealing adhesives (e.g., flowable or sprayable sealants) include those containing liquid rubber (synthetic or natural) and / or any of the chemistries listed above. Suitable sealing adhesives include those available from the following manufacturers: 3M™ Building or Marine Adhesive Sealant (e.g., Marine Adhesive Sealant 5200), Liquid Nails®, Flex Seal®, DAP®, LR® (liquid rubber), and LOCTITE®.

[0047] FIG. 4 illustrates an apparatus 400 including a structure 402 including first and second triggerable mechanisms 401a, 401b disposed at or proximate respective predetermined breakable regions 406a, 406b of the structure 402, according to various embodiments. The exemplary structure 402 illustrated in FIG. 4 is configured as an apparatus, container, vessel, or other structure configured to float. The structure 402 includes a wall 404 and a cover 405 connected or coupled together as previously described. A void 407 is defined in the space between the wall 404 and the cover 405. The structure 402 may be configured, for example, as a buoy or drifter of the type previously described. In some embodiments, the wall 404 of the structure 402 is made of a stainless steel body capped by a flat cover 405. The cover 405 may be formed, for example, from a metal such as stainless steel or a plastic. The structure 402 may also include an electronics / sensor package, such as the electronics / sensor package previously described.

[0048] The structure 402 includes one or more holes or openings at or near the bottom of the structure 402 covered by the frangible structure to define a first predetermined breakable area 406a of the wall 404, as described above. It is understood that the first predetermined breakable area 406a can be located at any location of the wall 404 below the predetermined water line of the structure 402. The first triggerable mechanism 401a is disposed at or near the first predetermined breakable area 406a. The cover 405 includes one or more holes or openings covered by the frangible structure to define a second predetermined breakable area 406b of the cover 405, as described above. The second predetermined breakable area 406b can be located at any location of the cover 405, and is shown positioned at a peripheral location of the cover 405 in FIG. 4 as a representative location. It is understood that the second predetermined breakable area 406a can be located anywhere on the cover 405 or wall 404 above the predetermined water line of the structure 402. The second triggerable mechanism 401b is disposed at or near the second predetermined breakable area 406b. The ballast 410, 412 can be mounted to the wall 404 at or near the bottom of the wall 404. The ballast 410, 412 is preferably located on the wall 404 below the predetermined water line of the structure 402 and arranged to distribute weight within the structure 402.

[0049] As previously described, the triggerable mechanisms 401a, 401b are each configured to generate sufficient force when actuated to break the frangible structure at a respective predetermined breakable region 406a, 406b. Breaking of the frangible structure at the second predetermined breakable region 406b by the second triggerable mechanism 401b facilitates evacuation of air from the cover 405 of the structure 402, while breaking of the first predetermined breakable region 406a by the first triggerable mechanism 401a facilitates ingress of liquid (e.g., sea water or lake water) into the void 407 of the structure 402, causing the structure 402 to sink.

[0050] In some embodiments, each of the triggerable mechanisms 401a, 401b may include or be coupled to an independent power source (e.g., different batteries). In other embodiments, the triggerable mechanisms 401a, 401b may be coupled to a common (e.g., single) power supply arrangement. In the case of a common or single power supply, the triggerable mechanisms 401a, 401b may be connected in parallel. The leads of the triggerable mechanisms 401a, 401b may be crimped together into a single header to facilitate simultaneous actuation, or electrical distribution may be implemented at the circuit board level with separate headers for each source (see PCBs 720, 720a in Figures 7A-7G). Alternatively, the triggerable mechanisms 401a, 401b may be connected in series, with a common current (instead of a voltage) actuating each triggerable mechanism 401a, 401b.

[0051] In various embodiments, particularly those in which the structure 402 is exposed to ocean, sea, or lake waters, all or a portion of the exterior surface of the structure 402 may be coated with an anti-biofouling chemical. For example, the anti-biofouling chemical coating may have a thickness of about 1.5 to about 150 μm. A suitable anti-biofouling coating material is Silicone Slip Anti-Fouling Coating (product number SS-567) available from Silicone Solutions (Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio). EXAMPLES

[0052] To confirm the effectiveness of the scuttling buoy despite the presence of entrained air bubbles, experiments were conducted using a structure 402 of the type described with reference to Figure 4. In the experiments, the first predetermined breakable area 406a included an opening having a diameter of 0.5 inches and the second predetermined breakable area 406b included an opening having a diameter of 0.25 inches. After actuation of the first and second triggerable mechanisms 401a, 401b, the chamber 407 of the structure 402 quickly filled with water, causing the structure 402 to tip over in about 28 seconds and ultimately sink within about 30 seconds of initial water entry.

[0053] FIG. 5 illustrates an apparatus including a structure including a predetermined breakable region, according to various embodiments. The apparatus illustrated in FIG. 5 can be realized in the form of any of the apparatuses described above. According to the embodiments directed to FIG. 5, the apparatus includes a frangible structure coupled or integrated with at least a portion of the apparatus, and includes a pre-weakened region. The pre-weakened region can extend along the entire frangible structure or only a portion of the frangible structure. A triggerable mechanism is disposed at or proximate to the pre-weakened region. The triggerable mechanism is configured to cause the pre-weakened region to break in response to a trigger signal.

[0054] 5 illustrates an apparatus 500 comprising a structure 502 including a cover 505 and a wall 504 connected or coupled to the cover 505 in the manner previously described. A void is defined in the space between the wall 504 and the cover 505 and may be configured to be a liquid, gas, or solid. In the case of a drifter embodiment, air or other inert gas may be included within the void of the structure 502 and an electronics / sensor package of the type previously described may be disposed within the void.

[0055] The wall 504 and / or cover 505 include one or more predetermined breakable regions, each of which includes a frangible structure including a pre-weakened region 509. A triggerable mechanism 501 is disposed at or proximate to each of the pre-weakened regions 509. The triggerable mechanism 501 is disposed within a cavity 507 of the structure 502 and is mounted or supported by the wall 504 and / or cover 505 at or proximate to the pre-weakened region 509. The triggerable mechanism 501 may include an electrically actuated mechanical actuator assembly or an electrically actuated pressure device of the type described herein. The triggerable mechanism 501 is configured to generate sufficient force to break at least the pre-weakened region 509, and in some implementations, the frangible structure together with the pre-weakened region 509. In some embodiments, a containment structure of the type described above may be disposed above all or at least a portion of the pre-weakened region 509.

[0056] According to some embodiments, the predetermined breakable area including the frangible structure with the pre-weakened area 509 can define a portion, but not the entirety, of the wall 504 and / or the cover 505. For example, the wall 504 and / or the cover 505 can be formed from a rigid material such as metal (e.g., stainless steel), plastic glass, wood, or a laminate or composite material. The predetermined breakable area can include a void in the rigid material and a sheet of frangible material according to any of the embodiments discussed herein. The sheet of frangible material can include the pre-weakened area 509.

[0057] According to some embodiments, the pre-weakened region 509 comprises a mechanically weakened portion 506 of the fragile structure. In other embodiments, the pre-weakened region 509 comprises a thinned portion of the fragile structure. In further embodiments, the pre-weakened region 509 comprises a mechanically scribed split line 508 on the fragile structure.

[0058] According to other embodiments, the pre-weakened region 509 includes a chemically weakened or damaged portion of the fragile structure. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the fragile structure 604 includes a chemically weakened portion 606. For example, the fragile structure 604 (e.g., glass) can include a chemically weakened spot 606 etched by hydrofluoric acid. The chemically weakened portion 606 can be created by placing a hydrofluoric acid-infused foam onto the desired spot of the fragile glass structure. In some embodiments, the pre-weakened region 509 includes both mechanically and chemically weakened portions of the fragile structure.

[0059] 7A-7D illustrate a mechanical actuator assembly 701 according to various embodiments. The mechanical actuator assembly 701 may be incorporated into any of the structures disclosed herein. The mechanical actuator assembly 701 includes a mechanical actuator 710 comprising a frame 716 and a spring arrangement 712 mechanically connected or coupled to the frame 716. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7D, the frame 716 is an L-shaped metal bracket and the spring arrangement 712 includes a spring element in the form of an elongated spring steel member 713. A first end 713a of the spring steel member 713 is connected to a base 716a of the frame 716, such as by way of one or more nuts and bolts, or one or more rivets or welds.

[0060] The impact member 714 is connected or coupled to the spring steel member 713 at the second end 713b of the spring steel member 713. The impact member 714 is shown as a screw with a pointed tip passing through a hole in the spring steel member 713 and secured to the second end 713b of the spring steel member 713 via a nut. It is understood that the impact member 714 can be implemented using any of the mechanical members described above configured to provide a large force or impact applied for a short period of time to a predetermined breakable area of ​​the structure. In some embodiments, the spring steel member 713 can include a mass load 715 (e.g., a metal weight such as a large bolt and / or multiple washers) connected to or located in close proximity to the impact member 714. The mass load 715 helps to increase the impact force provided by the impact member 714.

[0061] The mechanical actuator 710 also includes a restraining member 730 operably coupled to the spring arrangement 712 and a backplate 716b extending at an angle (e.g., about 90 degrees) from a base 716a of the frame 716. As shown, the restraining member 730 maintains the spring steel member 713 in a cocked state via a tension force maintained between the backplate 716b and the second end 713b of the spring steel member 713. The restraining member 730 is shown as a continuous loop member (e.g., string) extending around opposing side edges of the backplate 716b of the frame 716 and a portion of the impact member 714 (e.g., also contacting an edge surface of the second end 713b of the spring steel member 713). A printed circuit board (PCB) 720 is shown mounted to the underside of the backplate 716b and includes a side notch 722 configured to receive the restraining member 730 as it extends around the side of the backplate 716b of the frame 716. As shown in FIG. 7B, the PCB 720 can be mounted to the underside 710b of the backplate 716b via an adhesive 725 (e.g., a dielectric adhesive tape) between the PCB 720 and the underside 710b of the backplate 716b. It is understood that the PCB 720 can be mounted to the underside 710b of the backplate 716b using any type of adhesive material or fastening construction.

[0062] The restraining member 730 is configured to maintain the second end 713b of the spring steel member 713 and the impact member 714 in a pre-actuation position without releasing or breaking the restraining member 730. More specifically, the spring steel member 713 has a spring force sufficient to maintain the impact member 714 in a pre-actuation position without releasing or breaking the restraining member 730. Furthermore, the spring force of the spring steel member 713 is sufficient to cause the impact member 714 to break a predetermined breakable region of the structure in response to the release or breaking of the restraining member 730.

[0063] The mechanical actuator assembly 701 includes a trigger source 724 operably coupled to a power source (not shown) via an electrical connector 726. The power source may include one or more of a battery, a DC power source, an AC power source, a supercapacitor, and an electromagnetically coupled charge power source. As best seen in FIG. 7C, the trigger source 724 and the electrical connector 726 are disposed on a PCB 720. According to some embodiments, the trigger source 724 includes an electrical resistance heater, such as a resistor. In other embodiments, the trigger source 724 may include an electric match, an arc writer, a plasma lighter, or a semiconductor laser. The restraining member 730 is in thermal contact with the trigger source 724. When actuated, heat generated by the trigger source 724 damages the restraining member 730, causing the restraining member 730 to release the spring 713 from the pre-actuated position.

[0064] According to embodiments using a resistor as the trigger source, the resistor preferably has a relatively low resistance (e.g., about 5 ohms to about 20 ohms) and is operated beyond its specified power rating to intentionally overheat (e.g., melt) the resistor. When the resistor is intentionally driven beyond its power rating, it generates enough heat to burn through or melt the restraining member 730.

[0065] According to an embodiment of the trigger source 724 using a resistor, a carbon film resistor or metal foil resistor having a resistance of about 5 ohms to about 25 ohms and a power rating of about ⅛ watt to about ¼ watt can be used. The power source coupled to the resistor via the electrical connector 726 can be a conventional (e.g., 9V alkaline or lithium ion) battery, although custom batteries can be used. For example, the power source can include a 9V alkaline battery, an 18650 battery, or a CR123A battery. As a further example, the power source can include an alkaline battery configured to provide a peak current of about 0.6A to about 3.5A. The resistor preferably has a resistance of about ⅛ to about V of the internal impedance of the power source. 2 / P, where V is the voltage of the power source and P is the minimum power required to break the restraining member 730. In various embodiments using a common 9V alkaline battery as the power source, the resistor can have a resistance in the range of about 5 ohms to about 20 ohms (e.g., about 10 ohms) for good impedance matching. Other choices or resistor values ​​may be more suitable for different types of power sources or different power delivery configurations.

[0066] As previously mentioned, the mechanical actuator assembly 701 can be configured as a compact device. According to some embodiments, the base 716a of the L-bracket frame 716 can have a length and width of about 1.5 inches, and the back plate 716b of the L-bracket frame 716 can have a length of about 1.6 inches and a width of about 1.5 inches. The spring steel member 713 can have a length of about 3.75 inches and a width of about 1.5 inches in a relaxed (uncocked) state. A hole having a diameter of about 0.177 inches (to accommodate the impact member 714, e.g., a #10×½ inch piercing sheet metal screw) can be provided about 0.25 inches from the second end 713b of the spring steel member 713 and centered between the two sides of the spring steel member 713. The spring steel member 713 can be rectangular in shape and formed using 1095 spring steel (e.g., 0.032 inches, hardness RC50). The PCB 720 may have a width of about 1.7 inches and a height of about 0.9 inches. The notch 722 may have a cut depth and height of about 0.10 inches, respectively. The resistor 724 may be a 10 ohm metal film 1 / 4 watt resistor or a 10 ohm carbon film 1 / 8 watt resistor. The restraining member 730 may be a braided nylon string (e.g., 131 lb, available from TWEvans Cordage as item 12-500 No-1). The power connector 726 may be an XH2 header.

[0067] 7E-7G show a mechanical actuator assembly 701a according to various embodiments. The mechanical actuator assembly 701a is structurally and functionally similar to the mechanical actuator assembly 701 shown in FIGS. 7A-7D. Thus, many of the features common to the two mechanical actuator assemblies 701, 701a are not shown in FIGS. 7E-7G for clarity. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7E-7G, an elongated spring steel member 713a has a tapered second end 713c to which an impact member 714 is attached. The tapered shape of the second end 713c provides a more compact design for a wide variety of structures (e.g., containers and vessels), especially those with curved walls. Also, a mass load 715a attached to the second end 713c comprises a stack of metal washers with a central cavity. An impact member 714 (e.g., a sheet metal drill screw) passes through a central cavity in the mass load 715a and through a hole disposed near the distal tip of the second end 713c. The impact member 714 and mass load 715a are secured to the second end 713c by a nut 714a.

[0068] In the embodiment shown in Figures 7E-7G, the PCB 720a is mounted to the underside of the backplate 716b. In this embodiment, the PCB 720a does not include the notch 722 (see Figures 7A-7C) and is coextensive with or has a width less than the width of the backplate 716b. As shown, the restraining member 730 (e.g., a string) extends around the backplate 716b and the PCB 720a. The restraining member 730 also extends under or around the mass load 715a (shown as a stack of washers) and the head side of the impact member 714. In this configuration, the restraining member 730 does not extend above the distal edge of the second and 713c as in the embodiment shown in Figures 7A-7C. The tying arrangement of the restraining member 730 shown in Figures 7A-7C eliminates the risk of premature failure of the restraining member 730 during operation.

[0069] Also shown in the embodiment of Figures 7E-7G and best seen in Figure 7G, the base 716a of the frame 716 is mounted to the plate 751 using fasteners 718a (e.g., <0.030 inch screw heads) having flat engagement surfaces that facilitate substantially recessing the mechanical actuator assembly 701a relative to the plate 751. The fasteners 718a can be flush head studs or pins (e.g., PEM® Fasteners available from Penn Engineering®). Recessing the mechanical actuator assembly 701a into the plate 751 advantageously prevents or significantly reduces tilting of the mechanical actuator assembly 701a when mounted to the plate 751 (e.g., a 1 mm thick base plate) and allows the use of a single layer of adhesive (e.g., 3M® VHP double-cited adhesive tape) to mount the plate 751 to the vessel structure (e.g., a vessel base surface as shown in Figure 7H). The embodiment shown in Figures 7E-7G provides ease of manufacturing by simplifying the process of placing the spring steel member 713a in the cocked (pre-actuated) state.

[0070] FIG. 8 illustrates a mechanical actuator assembly 801 according to various embodiments. The mechanical actuator assembly 801 can be incorporated into any of the structures disclosed herein. The mechanical actuator assembly 801 includes a mechanical actuator 810 comprising a base 816 and a spring arrangement 812 mechanically connected or coupled to the base 816. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8, the spring arrangement 812 includes a torsion spring 813. The base 816 incorporates a machined groove 817 for securing a first leg (hidden from view) of the torsion spring 813. The first leg of the torsion spring 813 is press-fit into the groove 817. An optional adhesive can be included to enhance the attachment. The groove 817 also serves to precisely position the torsion spring 813 relative to a tie-down location on the base 816. The tie-down location includes a notch 822 on the base 816 base that accommodates a restraining member 830 (e.g., a string).

[0071] The mechanical actuator 810 includes an impact member 814 coupled to a torsion spring 813. A load mass 815 (e.g., a nut and bolt) can be attached to the tip of the second end of the torsion spring 813 to store mechanical energy. The nut and bolt arrangement holds the impact member 814 securely in place, which is shown as a lock washer with protruding serrated teeth 814a. The torsion spring 813 and load mass 815 are cocked backwards with a restraining member 830 (e.g., a string) looped around a trigger source 824 in the form of a resistor. The resistor 824 is designed to function as a heater such that when actuated by current from a power source (e.g., a battery, not shown) electrically coupled to electrical leads 826a, 826b, it heats up to a high temperature and breaks the restraining member 830. When the mechanical actuator 810 is electrically actuated, one or more serrated teeth 814a of the lock washer 814 strike a pre-defined breakable area of ​​the structure with an impact pressure that breaks the sheet of frangible material at the pre-defined breakable area (e.g., causes a breach of a wall of the structure, causes the structure to sink). The mechanical actuator assembly 801 can have a compact configuration having approximately the same footprint as that of the exemplary mechanical actuator assembly 701 described above (e.g., approximately the same footprint, a somewhat smaller footprint (e.g., 5-15% smaller), or a somewhat larger footprint (e.g., 5-15% larger)).

[0072] The components of the mechanical actuator assembly of the present disclosure are carefully designed to ensure that the device operates reliably and as intended. The torque-to-volume ratio of the spring in the designed retracted (cocked) position of the impact member must be high enough to break the intended target (e.g., fragile sheet material) upon impact, yet low enough to hold the restraining member back without breaking. In general, the restraining member is relatively inelastic and strong under tension, but can be easily burned with heat, breaking instantly with heat rather than slowly stretching with a gradual decrease in Young's modulus. In some implementations, the restraining member can be relatively elastic. According to embodiments that include a resistor as a component of the trigger source, the resistor is preferably designed with a resistance value and power rating that generates high heat from a low-cost battery that lasts for a sufficient period of time to break the restraining member.

[0073] According to embodiments that include tying a restraining member around a resistor, such as the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, it is important that the resistor heater is not tied with more than one knot in the restraining member (e.g., string), since multiple knots may keep the string intact even if the wrapped portion of the string breaks due to activation of the heater. FIGS. 9A-9C show various embodiments for wrapping a pre-looped string around a resistor heater of a mechanical actuator assembly. These methods allow for a simple and low-cost method for incorporating a resistor heater into a restraining loop. FIG. 9A shows a pre-looped string 930a with a single knot 932a. FIG. 9B shows a method for wrapping a resistor heater 924b by inserting the looped string 930b into itself such that the knot 932b is positioned away from the resistor heater 924b. FIG. 9C illustrates a resistor heater 924c incorporated into a string restraint having a remaining loop 930c for tying down a spring member such that the knot 932c is positioned away from the resistor heater 924c.

[0074] 10A-14B show configurations of triggerable mechanisms with electrically actuated pressure devices according to various embodiments. FIG. 10A shows a side cross-sectional view of a portion of an apparatus 1100 according to some embodiments. The apparatus 1100 includes a structure 1110 to which a pressure vessel 1120 is attached. The structure 1110 represents any of the structures disclosed herein. FIG. 11B shows a bottom view of the apparatus 1100 from a perspective looking through the clear structure 1110 according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein. The outgassing material 1124 shown in FIG. 10A is not present in FIG. 11B for purposes of clarity of illustration. The structure 1110 may be any type of structure and may have any suitable geometric configuration. In various implementations, the structure 1110 may be made of brittle or friable materials such as glass, ceramic, plastic, wood or metal or gypsum laminate filler, clay, porcelain, and / or metal. Although the structure 1110 is complex and can include many different materials and shapes, a brittle material can be disposed at least at the bonding locations 1115 where the pressure devices 1120 are bonded to the structure 1110 .

[0075] In many embodiments, the structure 1110 is glass. The glass structure may include one or more of cast glass, slump glass, unstrengthened glass, strengthened glass, heat strengthened glass, ion-exchanged glass, soda-lime glass, lead glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, alkali-aluminosilicate glass, silica glass, and sodium-rich glass. The pressure device 1120 may be configured to break glass structures greater than about 0.5 mm thick at the bond location 1115 of the structure 1110. For example, the thickness of the structure 1110 at the bond location 1115 may be greater than about 11 mm thick, about 2 mm thick, or even 2 mm thick.

[0076] The pressure device 1120 comprises a container 1121 having a bonding surface 1122 and an interior space 1123. The bonding surface 1122 bonds the container 1121 to a surface 1111 of the structure 1110 at a bonding location 1115 of the structure 1110. A bonding agent 1140 is disposed between the bonding surface 1122 of the container 1121 and the surface 1111 of the structure 1110 at the bonding location 1115. The container 1121 may be made of a material including, for example, one or more of metal, acrylic, plastic, rubber, ceramic, cement, thermoplastic, compressed sand, wood, and glass. The bonding agent 1140 may include one or more of various types of epoxies, cyanoacrylates, structural adhesives, steel reinforced adhesives, silicones, thermoset plastics, acrylics, urethanes, UV cured adhesives, ethylene vinyl acetate, solders, weld interface materials, and construction adhesives.

[0077] The bonding agent 1140 and bonding surface 1122 are configured to bond the container 1121 to the bonding location 1115 of the surface 1111 of the structure 1110 at a bond force greater than the fracture limit of the structure 1110 across a cross-sectional area 1199 bounded by an inner perimeter 1125 of the interior space 1123 of the container 1121 at the bonding surface 1122. The fracture limit is the force at which the structure 1110 fractures. In some embodiments, the fracture limit of the structure 1110 at the bonding location 1115 may be greater than about 5 MPa.

[0078] According to some embodiments, an optional backing material 1150 may be disposed at least partially over the vessel 1121. For example, as shown in FIG. 10A, the backing material 1150 may be disposed over a surface 1127 of the vessel 1121 opposite and / or adjacent to the bonding surface 1122. The backing material 1150 bonds the vessel 1121 to the surface 1111 of the structure 1110 and may function in conjunction with the bonding agent 1140 to hold the pressure vessel 1120 to the structure 1110. Materials suitable for the backing material 1150 may include, for example, at least one of concrete, a structural bonding agent, and an epoxy potting compound.

[0079] A gas-releasing material 1124, including a chemical compound such as potassium nitrate, sodium azide, ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, or ammonium dinitramide, is contained within the interior space 1123 of the container 1121. In some embodiments, after the container 1121 is bonded to the surface 1111, the gas-releasing material 1124 is in contact with or in close proximity to one or both of the surface 1111 of the structure 1110 and the interior surface of the container 1121. An electrical initiator 1130 is positioned to activate the gas-releasing material 1124. In other embodiments, the gas-releasing material 1124 is in contact with or in close proximity to the electrical initiator 1130 but is not in contact with either the surface 1111 of the structure 1110 or the interior surface of the container 1121. The gas-releasing material 1124 may occupy a very small percentage of the volume of the interior space 1123 or may completely fill the interior space 1123. 10A and 10B, the initiation agent 1130 may be disposed within the interior space 1123 of the container 1121 and / or may be positioned in contact with the gas-releasing material 1124. For example, the initiation agent 1130 may be embedded within the gas-releasing material 1124 in some implementations having leads (wires 1131) extending from the container 1121 as shown in FIG.

[0080] The electrical initiator 1130 is energized by an electrical current flowing through a pair of electrically conductive wires 1131 electrically connected by an electrically conductive bridge 1132. In some implementations, the bridge 1132 comprises a material having a higher electrical resistance than the wires 1131. For example, the bridge 1132 may be a nichrome alloy and the wires 1131 may be copper or aluminum. According to some implementations, the bridge 132 and / or the wires 1131 are coated with an exothermic material. The exothermic material coating the bridge 1132 and / or the wires 1131 may be the same or different from the gas-releasing material 1124 disposed within the interior space 1123 of the container 1121. The exothermic coating enhances the heat from the electrical bridge 1132 to more effectively activate the gas-releasing material 1124.

[0081] When the initiator 1130 is energized by current flowing through the conductive elements 1131, 1132 of the initiator 1130, the gas-releasing material 1124 is heated by the wires 1131, bridges 1132 and / or additional exothermic material coating the wires 1131 and / or bridges 1132 to an activation temperature of the gas-releasing material 1124. Activation of the gas-releasing material 1124 causes rapid release of gas. The rapid release of gas within the container 1121 tightly bonded to the surface 1111 of the structure 1110 creates a localized pressure that ruptures the structure 1110.

[0082] As best seen in FIG. 10A, in some embodiments, the device 1100 comprises a current source 1160, such as a battery, configured to supply a current to the initiating agent 1130. A switch 1161 electrically connects the source 1160 to the initiating agent 1130. In some implementations, the switch 1161 (shown in FIG. 10A) can be remotely controlled, allowing the destruction of the structure 1110 to be triggered from a location away from the structure 1110. In such an embodiment, a wireless signal activates the switch 1161 to connect the current source 1160 to the initiating agent 1130. In some implementations, the switch 1161 is a MOSFET transistor that can be turned on or off by applying a bias voltage to the gate of the transistor. In another implementation, the switch 1161 is a silicon controlled rectifier that can be turned on by applying a small current to one of its terminals. In yet another embodiment, the switch 1161 can be a mechanical relay switch.

[0083] Energizing the initiation factor 1130 may include connecting a power source to the initiation factor 1130 such that the power source generates a current through the initiation factor 1130. The initiation factor 1130 may be energized, for example, using a simple 9V alkaline battery or with a voltage source as low as 0.1V providing a current of approximately 1100mA. In implementations where ease of handling is important, a typical source voltage is 16-112V providing a current of 2-14 amps. A typical portable source may be an alkaline or lithium based battery. In some configurations, the initiation factor 1130 may be energized remotely or may be energized when a timer circuit reaches a predetermined time or elapsed time.

[0084] 11 and 12 show containers 1321, 1421 suitable for use in pressure devices in various configurations. The containers 1321, 1421 are designed to withstand the shock pressure of rapidly released gas generated upon activation of the gas-releasing material.

[0085] 11 illustrates a vessel 1321 suitable for use in a pressure device according to several configurations. The vessel 1321 is a one-piece structure that may be fabricated by subtractive, additive, and / or transformative manufacturing processes to remove, add, and / or transform material of the vessel 1321 such that the vessel 1321 includes an interior space 1323 and a bonding surface 1322.

[0086] For example, in some implementations, the container 1321 may be fabricated from a relatively thick solid piece, for example, by milling and / or cutting to form the interior space 1323 and / or bonding surfaces 1322. Additive manufacturing processes that may optionally be used to form the container 1321 include molding and / or printing. For example, the container 1321 may be formed by an injection molding process or other molding process. As an example of a modified fabrication process, the container 1321 may be formed from a relatively thin solid piece by stamping or otherwise modifying the original piece to form the interior space 1323 and / or bonding surfaces 1322.

[0087] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 12, the container 1421 may include several pieces 1421a, 1421b bonded together by a bonding agent 1429. The container 1421 may be formed by a first piece 1421a having a through hole 1427 and a second piece 1421b bonded to the first piece 1421a and forming a cover for the through hole 1427 in the first piece 1421a. The first and second pieces 1421a, 1421b may be made by any suitable manufacturing process, such as water jet cutting, laser cutting, or processes including those described above in connection with FIG. 11, for example, milling, cutting, stamping, molding, printing, etc. The bonding agent 1429 may be the same or different from the bonding material used to bond the container to the structure.

[0088] 13A-13E are a series of drawings illustrating the formation of a pressure device 1620, according to some embodiments. FIG. 13A shows a two-piece vessel 1621 including first and second pieces 1621a, 1621b similar to the configuration shown in FIG. 12. The vessel 1621 has an interior space 1623 and a bonding surface 1622. The interior space 1623 is defined by the interior surfaces of the walls 1625 and the back surface 1626 of the vessel 1621. In this example, the front of the vessel 1621 is open. One wall 1625 of the vessel 1621 includes a channel 1621c that provides a path for a wire of initiator to pass through. In one particular example, the vessel 1621 has exterior dimensions of 25 mm by 118 mm with a wall thickness of 5 mm, as shown in FIG. 13B. The thickness of the vessel 1621 can be approximately 5 mm. These particular dimensions are provided for illustrative purposes only. The container 1621 and its features 1622, 1623, 1625, 1626, 1621a, 1621b, 1621c can have any dimensions that provide a cohesive strength greater than the fracture limit of the structure to be broken.

[0089] In some embodiments, the ratio of the surface area of ​​the binding surface to the volume of the interior space is about 0.05 cm -1 In some embodiments, the ratio of the surface area of ​​the binding surface to the volume of the interior space is greater than about 0.6 cm -1 Larger, about 5cm -1 is less than.

[0090] FIG. 13C shows the pressure device 1620 after the initiating agent 1630 is placed inside the interior space 1623 of the container 1621. One wall 1625 of the container 1621 includes a channel 1621c that provides passage of the wire 1631 of the initiating agent 1630. The wire 1631 is electrically connected by a bridge 1632, which optionally has an exothermic material disposed thereon. FIG. 13D shows the process of filling the interior space 1623 with a gas-releasing material 1624. FIG. 13E shows the completed pressure device 1620. In an embodiment in which the bridge 1632 has a gas-releasing material disposed thereon, the step shown in FIG. 13D may be omitted.

[0091] 14A and 14B show the fabrication of an apparatus with a pressure device, according to one embodiment. In this particular illustration, the structure is a glass buoy intended to be deployed underwater. The buoy can be remotely drilled and sunk when it is no longer needed. The buoy is made from a glass bowl that is bonded to a planar top cover to form an enclosure. The enclosure includes sensors, control electronics, optical components, and wireless communication devices.

[0092] 14A shows two pressure devices 1720 bonded to the interior surface of a glass bowl 1710 of a buoy, such as those described herein. The glass bowl 1710 is partially filled with concrete 1780, which acts as ballast. After the pressure devices 1720 are bonded to the glass bowl by a bonding agent, an optional additional amount of concrete 1781 is added as a backing material that partially covers the pressure devices 1720 and further bonds the pressure devices 1720 to the bowl 1710.

[0093] In some implementations, the buoy is not made entirely of glass. The enclosure may be primarily plastic or metal with a glass window. In such an embodiment, a pressure device is coupled to the glass window. Actuation of the pressure device breaks the glass window, thereby splitting the enclosure and sinking the buoy.

[0094] When an initiator within the pressure device is energized, a gas-releasing material within the pressure device is activated, causing a rapid expansion of gas that generates sufficient force to destroy the buoy. In some embodiments, structures destroyed by activation of the pressure device may break into pieces having length, width, and height dimensions of, for example, less than about 110 mm, 900 μm, less than about 500 μm, or even less than about 1100 μm.

[0095] Pressure devices used to break glass structures include containers constructed of low-cost laser-cut acrylic, water-jet aluminum, or stamped metal. The containers can be designed to withstand impact pressure upon triggering. Unlike most mechanical approaches, the disclosed approach is stable against unintentional triggering. Various pressure devices suitable for use with any of the apparatus and structures disclosed herein and methods of using such pressure devices are disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 403,131, filed November 19, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0096] Reference is now made to the accompanying set of drawings, which form a part of this disclosure, and at least one skilled in the art will appreciate that various adaptations and modifications of the embodiments described herein are within the scope of the present disclosure and do not depart therefrom. For example, aspects of the embodiments described herein can be combined with each other in various ways. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the claimed invention may be practiced other than as expressly described herein.

[0097] All references and publications cited herein are expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety into this disclosure, except to the extent that they may directly contradict this disclosure. Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing characteristic sizes, quantities, and physical properties used in the specification and claims can be understood as being modified by the terms "exactly" or "about". Thus, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical parameters set forth in the foregoing specification and the appended claims are approximations that may vary depending on the desired properties sought to be obtained by those skilled in the art utilizing the teachings disclosed herein, or approximations within typical ranges of experimental error, for example.

[0098] The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers subsumed within that range (e.g., 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5) and any range within that range. As used herein, the terms "up to" or "less than or equal to" modifying a number (e.g., "up to 50") include that number (e.g., 50), and the term "greater than or equal to" modifying a number (e.g., "greater than or equal to 5") includes that number (e.g., 5).

[0099] The terms "coupled" or "connected" refer to elements that are attached to each other either directly (in direct contact with each other) or indirectly (having one or more elements between the two elements to attach the two elements). Either term may be modified by "operatively" and "operably," which may be used interchangeably to describe that the coupling or connection is configured to enable the components to interact to perform at least some function (e.g., a wireless chip may be operably coupled to an antenna element to provide a radio frequency electrical signal for wireless communication).

[0100] Orientational terms such as "top," "bottom," "side," and "end" are used to describe the relative positions of components and are not meant to limit the orientation of the contemplated embodiments. For example, an embodiment described as having a "top" and a "bottom" also encompasses that embodiment rotated in various orientations unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

[0101] References to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "a particular embodiment," or "some embodiments" or the like mean that the particular feature, configuration, composition, or characteristic described in connection with this embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the disclosure. Thus, the appearances of such phrases in various places throughout do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment of the disclosure. Furthermore, the particular features, configurations, compositions, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0102] The words "preferred" and "preferably" refer to embodiments of the present disclosure that may provide certain benefits, under particular circumstances. However, other embodiments may be preferred, under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, and is not intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0103] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include embodiments having plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "or" is generally employed in its sense including "and / or" unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

[0104] As used herein, the terms "have," "having," "include," "including," "comprise," "comprising," and the like are used in an open-ended sense and generally mean "including, but not limited to." "Consisting essentially of," "consisting of," and the like will be understood to be encompassed by "comprising," and the like. The term "and / or" means one or all of the listed elements or a combination of at least two of the listed elements.

[0105] The phrases "at least one," "comprising at least one of," and "one or more of," when used in a list, refer to any one of the items in the list, and any combination of two or more items in the list.

Claims

1. 1. An apparatus comprising: a frangible structure coupled to or integral with at least a portion of the device; an electrically actuated triggerable mechanism disposed at or proximate to the frangible structure, the triggerable mechanism configured to rupture the frangible structure in response to a trigger signal; a containment structure disposed over or on at least a portion of the frangible structure, the containment structure configured to hold together substantially all pieces of at least the portion of the frangible structure that has been broken while allowing at least the portion of the frangible structure to deform or change shape in response to the breakage of the frangible structure; The apparatus, wherein the fragile structure comprises a sheet of glass or a sheet of tempered glass.

2. The device is configured as a floating device; The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the triggerable mechanism is configured to rupture the frangible structure in response to the trigger signal to cause the floating device to lose buoyancy.

3. the device is configured to float in water; 10. The device of claim 1, wherein all or a portion of an exterior surface of the device comprises an anti-biofouling chemical coating.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the containment structure is configured to substantially confine the fragments within the containment structure.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the containment structure comprises an adhesive coating disposed on or over at least the portion of the frangible structure.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the containment structure comprises a rigid or semi-rigid shell disposed over or at least a portion of the frangible structure.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the containment structure comprises a flexible material disposed on or over at least the portion of the frangible structure.

8. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the containment structure includes an overlay material configured to hold substantially all of the pieces together while allowing at least the portion of the frangible structure to deform or change shape in response to breaking of the frangible structure.

9. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising a patterned overlay layer configured to maintain some of the fragments attached to one or more specific areas of the fragile structure while allowing others of the fragments to disperse to other areas of the fragile structure.

10. The apparatus includes at least one non-weakened structure; The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the containment structure is disposed over or above the frangible structure.

11. The apparatus includes at least one non-weakened structure; 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the containment structure is disposed on or over only a portion of the fragile structure, rather than the entirety of the fragile structure, such that the containment structure is configured to hold substantially all of the pieces together while allowing at least the portion of the fragile structure to deform or change shape in response to breaking of the fragile structure.

12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the triggerable mechanism comprises one or more of a pressure vessel, a mechanical torsion spring, and a mechanical spring steel.

13. 1. A method comprising: receiving a trigger signal by an apparatus comprising a frangible structure; fracturing the frangible structure with an electrically actuated triggerable mechanism of the device in response to the trigger signal; and allowing at least the portion of the frangible structure to deform or change shape in response to the frangible structure breaking while holding together substantially all pieces of at least the portion of the frangible structure with a containment structure disposed on or above at least the portion of the frangible structure; The method, wherein the frangible structure comprises a glass container.

14. The device is configured as a floating device; The method of claim 13 , wherein the flotation device loses buoyancy by fracturing the frangible structure with the triggerable mechanism.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the containment structure substantially confines the fragments within the containment structure.

16. The containment structure includes: an adhesive coating disposed on or over at least said portion of said frangible structure; a rigid or semi-rigid shell disposed over or on at least said portion of the frangible structure; and The method of claim 13 , comprising one or more of a flexible material disposed on or over at least the portion of the frangible structure.

17. the containment structure includes an overlay material; 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the containment structure holds together substantially all of the pieces while allowing at least the portion of the frangible structure to deform or change shape in response to breaking of the frangible structure.

18. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the device comprises a patterned overlay layer that maintains some of the fragments attached to one or more specific areas of the fragile structure while allowing others of the fragments to be dispersed to other areas of the fragile structure.

19. The apparatus includes at least one non-weakened structure; The method of claim 13 , wherein the containment structure is disposed over or above the frangible structure.

20. The apparatus includes at least one non-weakened structure; the containment structure is disposed over or over only a portion of the frangible structure, but not the entire frangible structure; 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the containment structure allows the portion of the frangible structure to deform or change shape in response to breaking of the frangible structure while holding substantially all of the pieces together.

21. The method of claim 13 , wherein the triggerable mechanism comprises one or more of a pressure vessel, a mechanical torsion spring, and a mechanical spring steel.

22. 1. An apparatus comprising: a frangible structure coupled or integral to at least a portion of the device and comprising a pre-weakened region; an electrically actuated triggerable mechanism disposed at or adjacent to the pre-weakened area, the triggerable mechanism configured to rupture the pre-weakened area in response to a trigger signal; The apparatus is configured as a floating device, and the triggerable mechanism is configured to rupture the frangible structure in response to the trigger signal to cause the floating device to lose buoyancy.

Images